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Political demonstration

A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern; it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, in order to hear speakers. It is different from mass meeting.

Monday demonstrations in East Germany (1989–1991) helped bring down the Berlin Wall.
Demonstration in Canada against oil tankers, 1970.
Greece, 2013: a working-class political protest calling for the boycott of a bookshop after an employee was fired, allegedly for her labor-rights political activism.
Stockholm, 2015: protesters demonstrate against the city's new drastic plans for the Slussen area and interchange.
Jakarta, 2019 : Protesters occupying the Gatot Subroto Avenue in front of the DPR/MPR Building.

Actions such as blockades and sit-ins may also be referred to as demonstrations. Demonstrations can be nonviolent or violent (usually referred to by participants as "militant"), or can begin as nonviolent and turn violent depending on the circumstances. Sometimes riot police or other forms of law enforcement become involved. In some cases, this may be in order to try to prevent the protest from taking place at all.[citation needed] In other cases, it may be to prevent clashes between rival groups, or to prevent a demonstration from spreading and turning into a riot.

History edit

The term has been in use since the mid-19th century, as was the term "monster meeting", which was coined initially with reference to the huge assemblies of protesters inspired by Daniel O'Connell (1775–1847) in Ireland.[1] Demonstrations are a form of activism, usually taking the form of a public gathering of people in a rally or walking in a march. Thus, the opinion is demonstrated to be significant by gathering in a crowd associated with that opinion.

Demonstrations can promote a viewpoint (either positive or negative) regarding a public issue, especially relating to a perceived grievance or social injustice. A demonstration is usually considered more successful if more people participate. Research shows that anti-government demonstrations occur more frequently in affluent countries than in poor ones.[2]

Historian Eric Hobsbawm wrote of demonstrations:

Next to sex, the activity combining bodily experience and intense emotion to the highest degree is the participation in a mass demonstration at a time of great public exaltation. Unlike sex, which is essentially individual, it is by its nature collective… like sex it implies some physical action—marching, chanting slogans, singing—through which the merger of the individual in the mass, which is the essence of the collective experience, finds expression.[3]

Forms edit

 
During the American Civil Rights Movement and the March on Washington, leaders marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial, August 28, 1963.
Video of a demonstration in Argentina to commemorate the 1976 coup d'état.

There are many types of demonstrations, including a variety of elements. These may include:

  • Marches, in which a parade demonstrate while moving along a set route.
  • Rallies, in which people gather to listen to speakers or musicians.
  • Picketing, in which people surround an area (normally an employer).
  • Sit-ins, in which demonstrators occupy an area, sometimes for a stated period but sometimes indefinitely, until they feel their issue has been addressed, or they are otherwise convinced or forced to leave.
  • Nudity, in which they protest naked – here the antagonist may give in before the demonstration happens to avoid embarrassment.

Demonstrations are sometimes spontaneous gatherings, but are also utilized as a tactical choice by movements. They often form part of a larger campaign of nonviolent resistance, often also called civil resistance. Demonstrations are generally staged in public, but private demonstrations are certainly possible, especially if the demonstrators wish to influence the opinions of a small or very specific group of people. Demonstrations are usually physical gatherings, but virtual or online demonstrations are certainly possible.

Topics of demonstrations often deal with political, economic, and social issues. Particularly with controversial issues, sometimes groups of people opposed to the aims of a demonstration may themselves launch a counter-demonstration with the aim of opposing the demonstrators and presenting their view. Clashes between demonstrators and counter-demonstrators may turn violent.

Government-organized demonstrations are demonstrations which are organized by a government. The Islamic Republic of Iran,[4][5] the People's Republic of China,[6] Republic of Cuba,[7] the Soviet Union[8] and Argentina,[9] among other nations, have had government-organized demonstrations.

Times and locations edit

 
Orange Revolution demonstrations lasted so long that demonstrators set up tents.
 
Crowd in front of a McDonald's in Wangfujing on the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests
 
2013 Peace March for Hungary in Budapest

Sometimes the date or location chosen for the demonstration is of historical or cultural significance, such as the anniversary of some event that is relevant to the topic of the demonstration.

Locations are also frequently chosen because of some relevance to the issue at hand. For example, if a demonstration is targeted at issues relating to foreign nation, the demonstration may take place at a location associated with that nation, such as an embassy of the nation in question.

While fixed demonstrations may take place in pedestrian zones, larger marches usually take place on roads. It may happen with or without an official authorisation.

Nonviolence or violence edit

 
A nonviolent protest in New Zealand

Protest marches and demonstrations are a common nonviolent tactic. They are thus one tactic available to proponents of strategic nonviolence. However, the reasons for avoiding the use of violence may also derive, not from a general doctrine of nonviolence or pacifism, but from considerations relating to the particular situation that is faced, including its legal, cultural and power-political dimensions: this has been the case in many campaigns of civil resistance.[10]

Some demonstrations and protests can turn, at least partially, into riots or mob violence against objects such as automobiles and businesses, bystanders and the police.[citation needed] Police and military authorities often use non-lethal force or less-lethal weapons, such as tasers, rubber bullets, pepper spray, and tear gas against demonstrators in these situations.[citation needed] Sometimes violent situations are caused by the preemptive or offensive use of these weapons which can provoke, destabilize, or escalate a conflict.

As a known tool to prevent the infiltration by agents provocateurs,[11] the organizers of large or controversial assemblies may deploy and coordinate demonstration marshals, also called stewards.[12][13]

Law by country edit

 
An anti-Naftali Bennett demonstration in Tel Aviv, Israel, on September 23, 2021. One of the signs the demonstrators primarily carried translates in English to "BENNETT DANGEROUS TO ISRAEL!".

International edit

The right to demonstrate peacefully is guaranteed by international conventions, in particular by the articles 21 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (right of peaceful assembly and right of association). Its implementation is monitored by the United Nations special rapporteur on the right of peaceful assembly and association. In 2019, its report expressed alarm at the restrictions on the freedom of peaceful assembly:[14]

The Special Rapporteur has expressed concern regarding laws adopted in many countries that impose harsh restrictions on assemblies, including provisions relating to blanket bans, geographical restrictions, mandatory notifications and authorizations. [...] The need for prior authorization in order to hold peaceful protests [is] contrary to international law [...].

Brazil edit

Freedom of assembly in Brazil is granted by art. 5th, item XVI, of the Constitution of Brazil (1988).

Egypt edit

Russia edit

Freedom of assembly in the Russian Federation is granted by Art. 31 of the Constitution adopted in 1993:

Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to gather peacefully, without weapons, and to hold meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and pickets.[15]

Demonstrations and protests are further regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No.54-FZ "On Meetings, Rallies, Demonstrations, Marches and Pickets". If the assembly in public is expected to involve more than one participant, its organisers are obliged to notify executive or local self-government authorities of the upcoming event few days in advance in writing. However, legislation does not foresee an authorisation procedure, hence the authorities have no right to prohibit an assembly or change its place unless it threatens the security of participants or is planned to take place near hazardous facilities, important railways, viaducts, pipelines, high voltage electric power lines, prisons, courts, presidential residences or in the border control zone. The right to gather can also be restricted in close proximity of cultural and historical monuments.

Singapore edit

Public demonstrations in Singapore are not common, in part because cause-related events require a licence from the authorities. Such laws include the Public Entertainment and Meetings Act and the Public Order Act.

Ukraine edit

United Kingdom edit

 
Demonstration in front of the British parliament

Under the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 and the Terrorism Act 2006, there are areas designated as 'protected sites' where people are not allowed to go. Previously, these were military bases and nuclear power stations, but the law changed in 2007 to include other, generally political areas, such as Downing Street, the Palace of Westminster, and the headquarters of MI5 and MI6. Previously, trespassers to these areas could not be arrested if they had not committed another crime and agreed to be escorted out, but this will change[when?] following amendments to the law.[16]

Human rights groups fear the powers could hinder peaceful protest. Nick Clegg, the then Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman, said: "I am not aware of vast troops of trespassers wanting to invade MI5 or MI6, still less running the gauntlet of security checks in Whitehall and Westminster to make a point. It's a sledgehammer to crack a nut." Liberty, the civil liberties pressure group, said the measure was "excessive".[17]

One of the biggest demonstration in the UK was the people vote march, on 19 October 2019, with around 1 million demonstrators related to the Brexit.

In 2021, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ruled that blocking roads can be a lawful way to demonstrate.[18]

United States edit

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically allows the freedom of assembly as part of a measure to facilitate the redress of such grievances. "Amendment I: Congress shall make no law ... abridging ... the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."[19]

A growing trend in the United States has been the implementation of "free speech zones", or fenced-in areas which are often far-removed from the event which is being protested; critics of free-speech zones argue that they go against the First Amendment of the United States Constitution by their very nature, and that they lessen the impact the demonstration might otherwise have had. In many areas it is required to get permission from the government to hold a demonstration.[20]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary
  2. ^ Shishkina, Alisa; Bilyuga, Stanislav; Korotayev, Andrey (2017). "GDP Per Capita and Protest Activity: A Quantitative Reanalysis". Cross-Cultural Research. 52 (4): 106939711773232. ISSN 1069-3971.
  3. ^ Eric Hobsbawm (2003). Interesting Times: A Twentieth-Century Life. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 73. ISBN 9780307426413.
  4. ^ Analysis: Iran Sends Terror-Group Supporters To Arafat's Funeral Procession 2004-11-14 at the Wayback Machine "...state-organized rallies..."
  5. ^ "Why Washington and Tehran are headed for a showdown" 2020-10-28 at the Wayback Machine The Hedge Fund Journal 16 April 2006.
  6. ^ Global News, No. GL99-072 2021-04-23 at the Wayback Machine China News Digest, 3 June 1989.
  7. ^ Cubans ponder life without Fidel 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Times 2 August 2006.
  8. ^ "Democracy in the Former Soviet Union: 1991–2004" September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Power and Interest News Report 28 December 2004
  9. ^ Nicolás Pizzi (2012-07-29). "Militancia todo terreno: Sacan a presos de la cárcel para actos del kirchnerismo" [All-terrain militants: Prisoners are taken out of jail to take part in Kirchnerist demonstrations] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
  10. ^ Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash (eds.), Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present, Oxford University Press, 2009, especially at pp. 14–20.[1] Includes chapters by specialists on the various movements.
  11. ^ Stratfor (2004) Radical, Anarchist Groups Pose Their Own Threat 2012-03-07 at the Wayback Machine published by Stratfor, June 4, 2004 quote:

    Another common tactic is to infiltrate legitimate demonstrations in the attempt to stir widespread violence and rioting, seen most recently in a spring anti-Iraq war gathering in Vancouver, Canada. This has become so commonplace that sources within activist organizations have told STRATFOR they police their own demonstrations to prevent infiltration by fringe groups.

  12. ^ Belyaeva et al. (2007) Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly 2021-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, published by OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. Alternative version 2010-06-25 at the Wayback Machine, Sections § 7–8, 156–162
  13. ^ Bryan, Dominic The Anthropology of Ritual: Monitoring and Stewarding Demonstrations in Northern Ireland 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, Anthropology in Action, Volume 13, Numbers 1–2, January 2006, pp.22–31(10)
  14. ^ "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association (Clément Nyaletsossi Voulé)". undocs.org. 11 September 2019. p. 13. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  15. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  16. ^ Morris, Steven, "New powers against trespassers at key sites 2021-03-31 at the Wayback Machine", The Guardian, 24 March 2007. Retrieved on 23 June 2007.
  17. ^ Brown, Colin, "No-go Britain: Royal Family and ministers protected from protesters by new laws 2007-06-06 at the Wayback Machine", The Independent, 4 June 2007. Retrieved on 23 June 2007.
  18. ^ Lizzie Dearden (25 June 2021). "Supreme Court backs protesters and rules blocking roads can be 'lawful' way to demonstrate". The Independent. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  19. ^ "America's Founding Documents". 30 October 2015.
  20. ^ Kellie Pantekoek, Esq. (12 October 2023).'Protest Laws by State'. FindLaw.

External links edit

  • Special Rapporteur of the United Nations on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association
  • 10 Principles for the proper management of assemblies (by Special Rapporteurs of the United Nations)
  • "Controlling Public Protest: First Amendment Implications", article about restrictions that may be imposed on public protests, in the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (1994)

political, demonstration, political, demonstration, action, mass, group, collection, groups, people, favor, political, other, cause, people, partaking, protest, against, cause, concern, often, consists, walking, mass, march, formation, either, beginning, with,. A political demonstration is an action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause or people partaking in a protest against a cause of concern it often consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint or rally in order to hear speakers It is different from mass meeting Monday demonstrations in East Germany 1989 1991 helped bring down the Berlin Wall Demonstration in Canada against oil tankers 1970 Greece 2013 a working class political protest calling for the boycott of a bookshop after an employee was fired allegedly for her labor rights political activism Stockholm 2015 protesters demonstrate against the city s new drastic plans for the Slussen area and interchange Jakarta 2019 Protesters occupying the Gatot Subroto Avenue in front of the DPR MPR Building Actions such as blockades and sit ins may also be referred to as demonstrations Demonstrations can be nonviolent or violent usually referred to by participants as militant or can begin as nonviolent and turn violent depending on the circumstances Sometimes riot police or other forms of law enforcement become involved In some cases this may be in order to try to prevent the protest from taking place at all citation needed In other cases it may be to prevent clashes between rival groups or to prevent a demonstration from spreading and turning into a riot Contents 1 History 2 Forms 3 Times and locations 4 Nonviolence or violence 5 Law by country 5 1 International 5 2 Brazil 5 3 Egypt 5 4 Russia 5 5 Singapore 5 6 Ukraine 5 7 United Kingdom 5 8 United States 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editThe term has been in use since the mid 19th century as was the term monster meeting which was coined initially with reference to the huge assemblies of protesters inspired by Daniel O Connell 1775 1847 in Ireland 1 Demonstrations are a form of activism usually taking the form of a public gathering of people in a rally or walking in a march Thus the opinion is demonstrated to be significant by gathering in a crowd associated with that opinion Demonstrations can promote a viewpoint either positive or negative regarding a public issue especially relating to a perceived grievance or social injustice A demonstration is usually considered more successful if more people participate Research shows that anti government demonstrations occur more frequently in affluent countries than in poor ones 2 Historian Eric Hobsbawm wrote of demonstrations Next to sex the activity combining bodily experience and intense emotion to the highest degree is the participation in a mass demonstration at a time of great public exaltation Unlike sex which is essentially individual it is by its nature collective like sex it implies some physical action marching chanting slogans singing through which the merger of the individual in the mass which is the essence of the collective experience finds expression 3 Forms edit nbsp During the American Civil Rights Movement and the March on Washington leaders marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial August 28 1963 source source source source source source Video of a demonstration in Argentina to commemorate the 1976 coup d etat There are many types of demonstrations including a variety of elements These may include Marches in which a parade demonstrate while moving along a set route Rallies in which people gather to listen to speakers or musicians Picketing in which people surround an area normally an employer Sit ins in which demonstrators occupy an area sometimes for a stated period but sometimes indefinitely until they feel their issue has been addressed or they are otherwise convinced or forced to leave Nudity in which they protest naked here the antagonist may give in before the demonstration happens to avoid embarrassment Demonstrations are sometimes spontaneous gatherings but are also utilized as a tactical choice by movements They often form part of a larger campaign of nonviolent resistance often also called civil resistance Demonstrations are generally staged in public but private demonstrations are certainly possible especially if the demonstrators wish to influence the opinions of a small or very specific group of people Demonstrations are usually physical gatherings but virtual or online demonstrations are certainly possible Topics of demonstrations often deal with political economic and social issues Particularly with controversial issues sometimes groups of people opposed to the aims of a demonstration may themselves launch a counter demonstration with the aim of opposing the demonstrators and presenting their view Clashes between demonstrators and counter demonstrators may turn violent Government organized demonstrations are demonstrations which are organized by a government The Islamic Republic of Iran 4 5 the People s Republic of China 6 Republic of Cuba 7 the Soviet Union 8 and Argentina 9 among other nations have had government organized demonstrations Times and locations edit nbsp Orange Revolution demonstrations lasted so long that demonstrators set up tents nbsp Crowd in front of a McDonald s in Wangfujing on the 2011 Chinese pro democracy protests nbsp 2013 Peace March for Hungary in BudapestSometimes the date or location chosen for the demonstration is of historical or cultural significance such as the anniversary of some event that is relevant to the topic of the demonstration Locations are also frequently chosen because of some relevance to the issue at hand For example if a demonstration is targeted at issues relating to foreign nation the demonstration may take place at a location associated with that nation such as an embassy of the nation in question While fixed demonstrations may take place in pedestrian zones larger marches usually take place on roads It may happen with or without an official authorisation Nonviolence or violence edit nbsp A nonviolent protest in New ZealandProtest marches and demonstrations are a common nonviolent tactic They are thus one tactic available to proponents of strategic nonviolence However the reasons for avoiding the use of violence may also derive not from a general doctrine of nonviolence or pacifism but from considerations relating to the particular situation that is faced including its legal cultural and power political dimensions this has been the case in many campaigns of civil resistance 10 Some demonstrations and protests can turn at least partially into riots or mob violence against objects such as automobiles and businesses bystanders and the police citation needed Police and military authorities often use non lethal force or less lethal weapons such as tasers rubber bullets pepper spray and tear gas against demonstrators in these situations citation needed Sometimes violent situations are caused by the preemptive or offensive use of these weapons which can provoke destabilize or escalate a conflict As a known tool to prevent the infiltration by agents provocateurs 11 the organizers of large or controversial assemblies may deploy and coordinate demonstration marshals also called stewards 12 13 Law by country edit nbsp An anti Naftali Bennett demonstration in Tel Aviv Israel on September 23 2021 One of the signs the demonstrators primarily carried translates in English to BENNETT DANGEROUS TO ISRAEL International edit The right to demonstrate peacefully is guaranteed by international conventions in particular by the articles 21 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights right of peaceful assembly and right of association Its implementation is monitored by the United Nations special rapporteur on the right of peaceful assembly and association In 2019 its report expressed alarm at the restrictions on the freedom of peaceful assembly 14 The Special Rapporteur has expressed concern regarding laws adopted in many countries that impose harsh restrictions on assemblies including provisions relating to blanket bans geographical restrictions mandatory notifications and authorizations The need for prior authorization in order to hold peaceful protests is contrary to international law Brazil edit Freedom of assembly in Brazil is granted by art 5th item XVI of the Constitution of Brazil 1988 Egypt edit Main article Egyptian protest law Russia edit Main article Freedom of assembly in Russia Freedom of assembly in the Russian Federation is granted by Art 31 of the Constitution adopted in 1993 Citizens of the Russian Federation shall have the right to gather peacefully without weapons and to hold meetings rallies demonstrations marches and pickets 15 Demonstrations and protests are further regulated by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No 54 FZ On Meetings Rallies Demonstrations Marches and Pickets If the assembly in public is expected to involve more than one participant its organisers are obliged to notify executive or local self government authorities of the upcoming event few days in advance in writing However legislation does not foresee an authorisation procedure hence the authorities have no right to prohibit an assembly or change its place unless it threatens the security of participants or is planned to take place near hazardous facilities important railways viaducts pipelines high voltage electric power lines prisons courts presidential residences or in the border control zone The right to gather can also be restricted in close proximity of cultural and historical monuments Singapore edit Main article Public demonstrations in Singapore Public demonstrations in Singapore are not common in part because cause related events require a licence from the authorities Such laws include the Public Entertainment and Meetings Act and the Public Order Act Ukraine edit Main article Anti protest laws in Ukraine United Kingdom edit nbsp Demonstration in front of the British parliamentUnder the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 and the Terrorism Act 2006 there are areas designated as protected sites where people are not allowed to go Previously these were military bases and nuclear power stations but the law changed in 2007 to include other generally political areas such as Downing Street the Palace of Westminster and the headquarters of MI5 and MI6 Previously trespassers to these areas could not be arrested if they had not committed another crime and agreed to be escorted out but this will change when following amendments to the law 16 Human rights groups fear the powers could hinder peaceful protest Nick Clegg the then Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesman said I am not aware of vast troops of trespassers wanting to invade MI5 or MI6 still less running the gauntlet of security checks in Whitehall and Westminster to make a point It s a sledgehammer to crack a nut Liberty the civil liberties pressure group said the measure was excessive 17 One of the biggest demonstration in the UK was the people vote march on 19 October 2019 with around 1 million demonstrators related to the Brexit In 2021 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ruled that blocking roads can be a lawful way to demonstrate 18 United States edit The First Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically allows the freedom of assembly as part of a measure to facilitate the redress of such grievances Amendment I Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances 19 A growing trend in the United States has been the implementation of free speech zones or fenced in areas which are often far removed from the event which is being protested critics of free speech zones argue that they go against the First Amendment of the United States Constitution by their very nature and that they lessen the impact the demonstration might otherwise have had In many areas it is required to get permission from the government to hold a demonstration 20 See also edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Political demonstration nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demonstrations and protests Civil resistance Crowd control Fare strike International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights List of uprisings led by women Mass mobilization Nonviolent resistance Right to protest Petition List of rallies and protest marches in Washington D C List of incidents of civil unrest in the United StatesReferences edit Oxford English Dictionary Shishkina Alisa Bilyuga Stanislav Korotayev Andrey 2017 GDP Per Capita and Protest Activity A Quantitative Reanalysis Cross Cultural Research 52 4 106939711773232 ISSN 1069 3971 Eric Hobsbawm 2003 Interesting Times A Twentieth Century Life Random House Digital Inc p 73 ISBN 9780307426413 Analysis Iran Sends Terror Group Supporters To Arafat s Funeral Procession Archived 2004 11 14 at the Wayback Machine state organized rallies Why Washington and Tehran are headed for a showdown Archived 2020 10 28 at the Wayback Machine The Hedge Fund Journal 16 April 2006 Global News No GL99 072 Archived 2021 04 23 at the Wayback Machine China News Digest 3 June 1989 Cubans ponder life without Fidel Archived 2007 03 12 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Times 2 August 2006 Democracy in the Former Soviet Union 1991 2004 Archived September 27 2007 at the Wayback Machine Power and Interest News Report 28 December 2004 Nicolas Pizzi 2012 07 29 Militancia todo terreno Sacan a presos de la carcel para actos del kirchnerismo All terrain militants Prisoners are taken out of jail to take part in Kirchnerist demonstrations in Spanish Clarin Retrieved July 29 2012 Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash eds Civil Resistance and Power Politics The Experience of Non violent Action from Gandhi to the Present Oxford University Press 2009 especially at pp 14 20 1 Includes chapters by specialists on the various movements Stratfor 2004 Radical Anarchist Groups Pose Their Own Threat Archived 2012 03 07 at the Wayback Machine published by Stratfor June 4 2004 quote Another common tactic is to infiltrate legitimate demonstrations in the attempt to stir widespread violence and rioting seen most recently in a spring anti Iraq war gathering in Vancouver Canada This has become so commonplace that sources within activist organizations have told STRATFOR they police their own demonstrations to prevent infiltration by fringe groups Belyaeva et al 2007 Guidelines on Freedom of Peaceful Assembly Archived 2021 03 23 at the Wayback Machine published by OSCE s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Alternative version Archived 2010 06 25 at the Wayback Machine Sections 7 8 156 162 Bryan Dominic The Anthropology of Ritual Monitoring and Stewarding Demonstrations in Northern Ireland Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Anthropology in Action Volume 13 Numbers 1 2 January 2006 pp 22 31 10 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association Clement Nyaletsossi Voule undocs org 11 September 2019 p 13 Retrieved 16 November 2020 Chapter 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation Archived from the original on 2010 03 04 Retrieved 2012 07 17 Morris Steven New powers against trespassers at key sites Archived 2021 03 31 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian 24 March 2007 Retrieved on 23 June 2007 Brown Colin No go Britain Royal Family and ministers protected from protesters by new laws Archived 2007 06 06 at the Wayback Machine The Independent 4 June 2007 Retrieved on 23 June 2007 Lizzie Dearden 25 June 2021 Supreme Court backs protesters and rules blocking roads can be lawful way to demonstrate The Independent Retrieved 28 June 2021 America s Founding Documents 30 October 2015 Kellie Pantekoek Esq 12 October 2023 Protest Laws by State FindLaw External links editSpecial Rapporteur of the United Nations on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association 10 Principles for the proper management of assemblies by Special Rapporteurs of the United Nations Controlling Public Protest First Amendment Implications article about restrictions that may be imposed on public protests in the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 1994 Portals nbsp Society nbsp Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Political demonstration amp oldid 1217822907, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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