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List of political ideologies

January 10, 2023

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.[1]

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7]

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Anarchism

Main article: Anarchism
See also: Anarchism and issues related to love and sex
 
Anarchy symbol
Further information: Anarchist schools of thought, Glossary of anarchism, and Outline of anarchism
Political internationals

Classical

Main article: Classical anarchism

Post-classical

Main article: Post-classical anarchism

Contemporary

Main article: Contemporary anarchism

Opposition

Religious variants

Main articles: Religious anarchism and Anarchism and religion

Regional variants

Main article: List of anarchist movements by region

African

Main article: Anarchism in Africa

American

Main article: Anarchism in America

Asian

Main article: Anarchism in Asia

European

Main article: Anarchism in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Anarchism in Oceania

Authoritarianism

Main article: Authoritarianism

General

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

Asian

European

Communitarianism

Main article: Communitarianism

General

Other

Regional variants

Communism

Main article: Communism
Political internationals

Authoritarian

Main article: Authoritarian communism

Leninism

Main article: Leninism
Marxism–Leninism
Main article: Marxism–Leninism

Libertarian

Main article: Libertarian communism
 
An Anarchist A laid over a Communist Hammer and sickle.

Marxism

Main article: Marxism

Other

Main articles: Marxist revisionism, Non-Marxist communism, Post-capitalism, and Pre-Marxist communism

Opposition

Religious variants

Main article: Religious communism
See also: Communism and religion

Regional variants

African

Main article: Communism in Africa

American

Main article: Communism in America

Asian

Main article: Communism in Asia

European

Main article: Communism in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Communism in Oceania

Conservatism

Main article: Conservatism
Political internationals

General

Reactionary

Main article: Reactionary

Opposition

Religious variants

Main article: Theoconservatism

Regional variants

African

Main article: Conservatism in Africa

American

Main article: Conservatism in America
United States
Main article: Conservatism in the United States

Asian

Main article: Conservatism in Asia

European

Main article: Conservatism in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Conservatism in Oceania

Corporatism

Main article: Corporatism
See also: Capitalism

General

Other

Religious variants

Main article: Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church

Regional variants

Western Europe

Democracy

Main article: Democracy

General

Other

Direct democracy movements

Main article: Direct democracy

Pirate politics

Main article: Pirate politics
Political internationals

Opposition

Religious variants

Main article: Religious democracy

Christian democracy

Main article: Christian democracy
Further information: History of Christian democracy
Political internationals
General
Further information: Catholic social teaching
Other
See also: Conservatism, Corporatism, and Liberalism

Other

Regional variants

African

Main article: Democracy in Africa

Asian

Main article: Democracy in Asia

American

Main article: Democracy in America

European

Main article: Democracy in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Democracy in Oceania

Environmentalism

Main article: Environmentalism
Political internationals

Bright green environmentalism

Main article: Bright green environmentalism

Deep green environmentalism

Main article: Deep ecology

Light green environmentalism

Main article: Sustainable development

Other

Main article: Green politics

Opposition

Religious variants

Main article: Environmentalism and religion

Regional variants

African

Main article: Environmental movement in Africa

American

Main article: Environmental movement in America

Asian

Main article: Environmental movement in Asia

European

Main article: Environmental movement in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Environmental movement in Oceania

Fascism and Nazism

Main article: Fascism

General

Other

Opposition

Main article: Anti-fascism
Further information: Criticism of fascism

By country

Religious variants

Main article: Fascism and religion

Regional variants

Main article: List of fascist movements

African

Main article: Fascism in Africa

American

Main article: Fascism in America

Asian

Main article: Fascism in Asia

European

Main article: Fascism in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Fascism in Oceania

Identity politics

Main article: Identity politics
Political internationals

Age-related rights movements

Animal-related rights movements

Disability-related rights movements

Feminism

Main article: Feminism

General

Opposition

Chronological variants

Main article: History of feminism

Ethnic and social variants

Religious variants

Main article: Religious feminism

Regional variants

African
Main article: Feminism in Africa
American
Main article: Feminism in America
Asian
Main article: Feminism in Asia
European
Main article: Feminism in Europe
Oceanian
Main article: Feminism in Oceania

LGBT social movements

Main article: LGBT social movements
See also: Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights

Men's movement

Main article: Men's movement

Regional variants

Main article: Fathers' rights movement by country

Self-determination movements

Main article: Self-determination

African-American

Main article: Black pride

Indigenous peoples

Main article: Indigenism

Latin American

Main article: La raza

Separatist and supremacist movements

Main articles: Separatism and Supremacism

Ethnic

Main articles: Ethnic separatism and Ethnic supremacism
Black
White
Regional variants
African
Main article: Separatism in Africa
American
Main article: Separatism in the Americas
Asian
Main article: Separatism in Asia
European
Main article: Separatism in Europe
Oceania
Main article: Separatism in Oceania

Gender

Main articles: Gender separatism and Sexism

Religious variants

Main articles: Religious separatism and Religious supremacism

Student movements

Main article: Student rights

General

Regional variants

Liberalism

Main article: Liberalism
Further information: Age of Enlightenment
Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Regional variants

Main article: Liberalism by country

African

Main article: Liberalism in Africa

American

Main article: Liberalism in America

Asian

Main article: Liberalism in Asia

European

Main article: Liberalism in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Liberalism in Oceania

Libertarianism

Main article: Libertarianism
Political internationals

Left-libertarianism

Main article: Left-libertarianism

Right-libertarianism

Main article: Right-libertarianism

Other

See also: Classical liberalism

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

African

American

United States
Main article: Libertarianism in the United States

Asian

European

Oceanian

Nationalism

Main article: Nationalism
Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Main article: Anti-nationalism

Religious variants

Main article: Religious nationalism

Regional variants

African

Main article: Nationalism in Africa

American

Asian

European

Main article: Rise of nationalism in Europe

Oceanian

Unification movements

Main article: Pan-nationalism

Populism

Main article: Populism
Political internationals

General

Left-wing populism

Main article: Left-wing populism

Right-wing populism

Main article: Right-wing populism

Other

Regional variants

African

Main article: Populism in Africa

Asian

Main article: Populism in Asia

American

Main articles: Populism in North America and Populism in Latin America

European

Main article: Populism in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Populism in Oceania

Progressivism

Main article: Progressivism
Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Religious variants

Regional variants

Religio-political ideologies

Main article: Religion and politics
Political internationals

General

Political atheism and agnosticism

Political Baháʼí Faith

Political Buddhism

Political Christianity

Main article: Christianity and politics

Political Confucianism

Political Hinduism

Political indigenous religions

Political Islam

Main article: Political aspects of Islam

Political Judaism

Main articles: Judaism and politics and Jewish political movements

Political Neopaganism

Political Shinto

Political Sikhism

Political Taoism

Political Zoroastrianism

Satirical and anti-politics

Main article: Political satire
See also: List of frivolous political parties

General

See also: Abstention, Dealignment, Political alienation, Political apathy, Political protest, Protest vote, Voter apathy, and Voter fatigue

Other

See also: Anti-elitism

Religious variants

Main article: Religious rejection of politics

Regional variants

Social democracy

Main article: Social democracy
Political internationals

General

Other

Opposition

Main article: Criticism of social democracy

Regional variants

African

Main article: Social democracy in Africa

American

Main article: Social democracy in America

Asian

Main article: Social democracy in Asia

European

Main article: Social democracy in Europe

Oceanian

Main article: Social democracy in Oceania

Socialism

Main article: Socialism
Political internationals

General

Authoritarian

Main article: Authoritarian socialism

Libertarian

Main article: Libertarian socialism
January 10, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article s factual accuracy is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced May 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources List of political ideologies news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia s quality standards The specific problem is Duplicated entries some have political parties and unneeded specificity Please help improve this article if you can April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs attention from an expert in Politics The specific problem is Some aren t ideologies and need condensing WikiProject Politics may be able to help recruit an expert April 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources In social studies a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals principles doctrines myths or symbols of a social movement institution class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them An ideology s popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs who sometimes act in their interests Political ideologies have two dimensions 1 goals how society should be organized and 2 methods the most appropriate way to achieve this goal An ideology is a collection of ideas Typically each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government e g autocracy or democracy and the best economic system e g capitalism or socialism The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas For instance socialism may refer to an economic system or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms For example while the terms have been conflated at times communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet type regimes and Marxist Leninist ideologies whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism Leninism 1 Political ideology is a term fraught with problems having been called the most elusive concept in the whole of social science 2 While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum such as the left the centre or the right they can be distinguished from political strategies e g populism as it is commonly defined and from single issues around which a party may be built e g civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families 3 4 5 6 7 The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other The headers refer to the names of the best known ideologies in each group The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other Instead they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically historically and ideologically related to each other As such one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies Contents 1 Anarchism 1 1 Classical 1 2 Post classical 1 3 Contemporary 1 4 Opposition 1 5 Religious variants 1 6 Regional variants 1 6 1 African 1 6 2 American 1 6 3 Asian 1 6 4 European 1 6 5 Oceanian 2 Authoritarianism 2 1 General 2 2 Other 2 3 Opposition 2 4 Religious variants 2 5 Regional variants 2 5 1 African 2 5 2 American 2 5 3 Asian 2 5 4 European 3 Communitarianism 3 1 General 3 2 Other 3 3 Regional variants 4 Communism 4 1 Authoritarian 4 1 1 Leninism 4 1 1 1 Marxism Leninism 4 2 Libertarian 4 2 1 Marxism 4 3 Other 4 4 Opposition 4 5 Religious variants 4 6 Regional variants 4 6 1 African 4 6 2 American 4 6 3 Asian 4 6 4 European 4 6 5 Oceanian 5 Conservatism 5 1 General 5 2 Reactionary 5 3 Opposition 5 4 Religious variants 5 5 Regional variants 5 5 1 African 5 5 2 American 5 5 2 1 United States 5 5 3 Asian 5 5 4 European 5 5 5 Oceanian 6 Corporatism 6 1 General 6 2 Other 6 3 Religious variants 6 4 Regional variants 6 4 1 Western Europe 7 Democracy 7 1 General 7 2 Other 7 3 Direct democracy movements 7 4 Pirate politics 7 5 Opposition 7 6 Religious variants 7 6 1 Christian democracy 7 6 1 1 General 7 6 1 2 Other 7 6 2 Other 7 7 Regional variants 7 7 1 African 7 7 2 Asian 7 7 3 American 7 7 4 European 7 7 5 Oceanian 8 Environmentalism 8 1 Bright green environmentalism 8 2 Deep green environmentalism 8 3 Light green environmentalism 8 4 Other 8 5 Opposition 8 6 Religious variants 8 7 Regional variants 8 7 1 African 8 7 2 American 8 7 3 Asian 8 7 4 European 8 7 5 Oceanian 9 Fascism and Nazism 9 1 General 9 2 Other 9 3 Opposition 9 3 1 By country 9 4 Religious variants 9 5 Regional variants 9 5 1 African 9 5 2 American 9 5 3 Asian 9 5 4 European 9 5 5 Oceanian 10 Identity politics 10 1 Age related rights movements 10 2 Animal related rights movements 10 3 Disability related rights movements 10 4 Feminism 10 4 1 General 10 4 2 Opposition 10 4 3 Chronological variants 10 4 4 Ethnic and social variants 10 4 5 Religious variants 10 4 6 Regional variants 10 4 6 1 African 10 4 6 2 American 10 4 6 3 Asian 10 4 6 4 European 10 4 6 5 Oceanian 10 5 LGBT social movements 10 6 Men s movement 10 6 1 Regional variants 10 7 Self determination movements 10 7 1 African American 10 7 2 Indigenous peoples 10 7 3 Latin American 10 8 Separatist and supremacist movements 10 8 1 Ethnic 10 8 1 1 Black 10 8 1 2 White 10 8 1 3 Regional variants 10 8 1 3 1 African 10 8 1 3 2 American 10 8 1 3 3 Asian 10 8 1 3 4 European 10 8 1 3 5 Oceania 10 8 2 Gender 10 8 3 Religious variants 10 9 Student movements 10 9 1 General 10 9 2 Regional variants 11 Liberalism 11 1 General 11 2 Other 11 3 Opposition 11 4 Regional variants 11 4 1 African 11 4 2 American 11 4 3 Asian 11 4 4 European 11 4 5 Oceanian 12 Libertarianism 12 1 Left libertarianism 12 2 Right libertarianism 12 3 Other 12 4 Opposition 12 5 Religious variants 12 6 Regional variants 12 6 1 African 12 6 2 American 12 6 2 1 United States 12 6 3 Asian 12 6 4 European 12 6 5 Oceanian 13 Nationalism 13 1 General 13 2 Other 13 3 Opposition 13 4 Religious variants 13 5 Regional variants 13 5 1 African 13 5 2 American 13 5 3 Asian 13 5 4 European 13 5 5 Oceanian 13 6 Unification movements 14 Populism 14 1 General 14 2 Left wing populism 14 3 Right wing populism 14 4 Other 14 5 Regional variants 14 5 1 African 14 5 2 Asian 14 5 3 American 14 5 4 European 14 5 5 Oceanian 15 Progressivism 15 1 General 15 2 Other 15 3 Opposition 15 4 Religious variants 15 5 Regional variants 16 Religio political ideologies 16 1 General 16 2 Political atheism and agnosticism 16 3 Political Bahaʼi Faith 16 4 Political Buddhism 16 5 Political Christianity 16 6 Political Confucianism 16 7 Political Hinduism 16 8 Political indigenous religions 16 9 Political Islam 16 10 Political Judaism 16 11 Political Neopaganism 16 12 Political Shinto 16 13 Political Sikhism 16 14 Political Taoism 16 15 Political Zoroastrianism 17 Satirical and anti politics 17 1 General 17 2 Other 17 3 Religious variants 17 4 Regional variants 18 Social democracy 18 1 General 18 2 Other 18 3 Opposition 18 4 Regional variants 18 4 1 African 18 4 2 American 18 4 3 Asian 18 4 4 European 18 4 5 Oceanian 19 Socialism 19 1 General 19 2 Authoritarian 19 3 Libertarian 19 4 Other 19 5 Opposition 19 6 Religious variants 19 7 Regional variants 19 7 1 African 19 7 2 American 19 7 3 Asian 19 7 4 European 19 7 5 Oceanian 20 Syndicalism 20 1 General 20 2 Other 20 3 Opposition 20 4 Regional variants 21 Transhumanism 21 1 General 21 2 Other 21 3 Regional variants 22 See also 23 References 24 External linksAnarchism EditMain article Anarchism See also Anarchism and issues related to love and sex Anarchy symbol Further information Anarchist schools of thought Glossary of anarchism and Outline of anarchism Political internationalsAnarkismo platformism and specifism International of Anarchist Federations synthesis anarchism International Confederation of Labor anarcho syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism International Union of Anarchists anarcho communism International Workers Association anarcho syndicalism Classical Edit Main article Classical anarchism Individualist anarchism Egoist anarchism Communist egoism Illegalism Expropriative anarchism Existentialist anarchism Philosophical anarchism Libertarianism Left libertarianism Libertarian socialism Mutualism Social anarchism Anarcho communism Anarcho syndicalism Collectivist anarchism Post classical Edit Main article Post classical anarchism Anarcha feminism Anarchism without adjectives Synthesis anarchism Anarcho pacifism Green anarchism Anarcho naturism Anarcho primitivism Communalism Eco communalism Libertarian municipalism Social ecology Veganarchism Insurrectionary anarchism Makhaevism Platformism Makhnovism Specifism Contemporary Edit Main article Contemporary anarchism Anarcho transhumanism Black anarchism Free market anarchism Post anarchism Post colonial anarchism Post left anarchism Queer anarchism Opposition Edit Anti anarchism AuthoritarianismReligious variants Edit Main articles Religious anarchism and Anarchism and religion Buddhist anarchism Christian anarchism Catholic Worker Movement Diggers Tolstoyan movement Hindu anarchism Islamic anarchism Jewish anarchism Orthodox Jewish anarchism Regional variants Edit Main article List of anarchist movements by region African Edit Main article Anarchism in Africa Algeria Egypt Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tunisia American Edit Main article Anarchism in America Latin America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador French Guiana Mexico Neo Zapatism Magonism Zapatism Puerto Rico Venezuela North America Canada United States Individualist anarchism Asian Edit Main article Anarchism in Asia Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh China Hong Kong East Timor Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Israel Japan Korea Malaysia Mongolia Philippines Singapore Syria Democratic confederalism Turkey Vietnam European Edit Main article Anarchism in Europe France Individualist anarchism Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Monaco Poland Romania Russia Narodnism Spain Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom Oceanian Edit Main article Anarchism in Oceania Australia New ZealandAuthoritarianism EditMain article Authoritarianism General Edit Absolute monarchism Autocracy Caudillismo Despotism Soft despotism Dictatorship Benevolent dictatorship Constitutional dictatorship Dictablanda Family dictatorship Military dictatorship Stratocracy Right wing dictatorship Imperialism Civilizing mission Colonialism Exploitation colonialism Internal colonialism Neocolonialism Settler colonialism Lebensraum Manifest destiny Cultural imperialism Linguistic imperialism Expansionism Kraterocracy Mafia state Managerial state Ochlocracy Oligarchy One party state Communist state Plutocracy Corporatocracy Police state Counterintelligence state Soft authoritarianism Soft despotism Totalitarianism Totalitarian democracy Transnational authoritarianism Other Edit Anti democratism Authoritarian capitalism Corporate capitalism State capitalism Authoritarian socialism Leninism Stalinism Trotskyism Juche Castroism Titoism Marxism Leninism Anti revisionary Marxism Hoxhaism Maoism Blanquism Fitzhughism Authoritarian conservatism Authoritarian democracy Authoritarian populism Byzantinism Digital authoritarianism Ecoauthoritarianism Liberal autocracy Minoritarianism Neo feudalism Far right ultranationalist authoritarianism Fascism Falangism National Socialism Nazism Neo fascism Neo Nazism National Bolshevism Nazi Maoism Neo Legionarism Third Positionism Opposition Edit Anti fascism Anti monarchism DecolonizationReligious variants Edit TheocracyRegional variants Edit African Edit Central African Republic Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Libya South Africa Sudan Uganda Zimbabwe American Edit Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay United States Venezuela Asian Edit Afghanistan Cambodia China Indonesia Iraq Iran Japan Kazakhstan Myanmar North Korea Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia South Korea Ilminism Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan European Edit Belarus France Italy Germany Greece Portugal Romania Russia Putinism Serbia SpainCommunitarianism EditMain article Communitarianism General Edit Christian democracy Communitarian corporatism Radical centrism Third Way Distributism Mutualism Democratic confederalism Other Edit Christian socialism Pre Marxist communism Primitive communism Religious communism Christian communism Islamic communism Jewish communism Utopian socialism Eurasianism Regional variants Edit Kibbutz Obshchina Singapore ZadrugaCommunism EditMain article Communism Political internationalsCommittee for a Workers International Trotskyism Committee for Revolutionary International Regroupment Trotskyism Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International Trotskyism Fourth International Trotskyism Fourth International ICR Trotskyism Fourth International post reunification Trotskyism Fourth International Posadist Trotskyism International Bolshevik Tendency Trotskyism International Committee of the Fourth International Trotskyism International Communist Current left communism International Communist League Fourth Internationalist Trotskyism International Communist Party left communism International Conference of Marxist Leninist Parties and Organizations International Newsletter Maoism International Conference of Marxist Leninist Parties and Organizations Unity amp Struggle Hoxhaism International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations anti revisionism International League of Peoples Struggle Marxism Leninism Maoism International Marxist Tendency orthodox Trotskyism International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties Marxism Leninism International Socialist Alternative Trotskyism International Socialist Tendency neo Trotskyism International Workers League Fourth International Trotskyism International Workers Unity Fourth International Trotskyism Internationalist Communist Tendency left communism Internationalist Communist Union Trotskyism League for the Fifth International Trotskyism League for the Fourth International Trotskyism Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International Trotskyism Revolutionary Communist International Trotskyism Trotskyist Fraction Fourth International Trotskyism United Secretariat of the Fourth International Trotskyism World Socialist Movement anti Leninism classical Marxism impossibilism and international socialism Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International Trotskyism Authoritarian Edit Main article Authoritarian communism Barracks communism Nechayevshchina Blanquism Nechayevism Tkachevism Leninism Edit Main article Leninism Democratic centralism Marxism Leninism Trotskyism Neo Trotskyism Pabloism Posadism Third camp Trotskyism Orthodox Trotskyism Vanguardism War communism Marxism Leninism Edit Main article Marxism Leninism Brezhnevism Brezhnev Doctrine Real socialism Castroism Ceaușism Dubcekism Gorbachevism Glasnost Perestroika Guevarism Focalism Ho Chi Minh Thought Kaysone Phomvihane Thought Hoxhaism Husakism Juche Kimilsungism Kimilsungism Kimjongilism Songun Kadarism Khrushchevism De Stalinization Khrushchev Thaw Maoism Khmer Rouge ideology Maoism Third Worldism Third Worldism Third World socialism New Synthesis Mao Spontex Marxism Leninism Maoism Gonzalo Thought Marxism Leninism Maoism Prachanda Path National Democracy Naxalism Socialism with Chinese characteristics Deng Xiaoping Theory Mao Zedong Thought Scientific Outlook on Development Three Principles of the People Three Represents Xi Jinping Thought Marxist Leninist atheism Scientific communism Stalinism Anti revisionism Neo Stalinism Socialism in one country National communism National Bolshevism Socialist patriotism Soviet socialist patriotism Soviet nostalgia Soviet antisemitism Left wing antisemitism Soviet anti Zionism Titoism Đilasism Rankovicism Socialist nationalism Socialist Yugoslavism Yugo nostalgia Libertarian Edit Main article Libertarian communism An Anarchist A laid over a Communist Hammer and sickle Anarcho communism Egoist communism Communard movement Marxism Marxism Edit Main article Marxism Classical Marxism Orthodox Marxism Impossibilism World Socialist Movement Kautskyism Libertarian Marxism Autonomism Workerism Left communism Bordigism Communization Council communism Spartacism Luxemburgism Socialisme ou Barbarie Solidarity Situationism Spontaneism Ultra leftism Mao Spontex Marxism De Leonism Neo Trotskyism Chaulieu Montal tendency Johnson Forest tendency Third camp Shachtmanism Left Shachtmanism Open Marxism Western Marxism Austro Marxism Frankfurt School Freudo Marxism Hegelian Marxism Marxist humanism Budapest School Praxis School Neo Marxism Analytical Marxism Conflict theories Dependency theory Social conflict theory World systems theory Freudo Marxism Gramscianism Neo Gramscianism Instrumental Marxism Neue Marx Lekture Political Marxism Structural Marxism Post Marxism Radical democracy Abahlali baseMjondolo Landless Workers Movement Piqueteros Zapatistas Other Edit Main articles Marxist revisionism Non Marxist communism Post capitalism and Pre Marxist communism Agrarian communism Centrist Marxism Eco communism Eurocommunism Fully automated luxury communism International communism Marxist democracy National communism Nihilist communism Primitive communism Pre Marxist communism Queer communism World communism Opposition Edit Anti communism McCarthyism Anti Marxism Anti socialismReligious variants Edit Main article Religious communism See also Communism and religion Christian communism Bruderhofs Diggers Hutterites Shakers Islamic communism Jewish communismRegional variants Edit African Edit Main article Communism in Africa Angola Benin Congo Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Mozambique Somalia South Africa Trotskyism Tanzania Tunisia American Edit Main article Communism in America Canada Quebec Chile Colombia Cuba Grenada Peru Shining Path United States Asian Edit Main article Communism in Asia Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Cambodia Khmer Rouge Salvation Front China New Left Ultra left India Kerala Naxalism Georgia Indonesia Sumatra Iran Israel Japan New Left Kazakhstan Korea North Korea South Korea Kurdistan Kyrgyzstan Laos Mongolia Nepal Palestine Pakistan Philippines Soviet Union Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam Trotskyism Yemen South Yemen European Edit Main article Communism in Europe Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Belarus Croatia Cyprus Czechoslovakia Bohemia and Moravia Slovakia Estonia Finland France Germany East Germany West Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Poland Portugal Romania National communism Russia Bolshevism Bolsheviks Centre Kamenevism Stalinism Zinovievism Left Opposition Left communism Group of Democratic Centralism Left Right Bloc Trotskyism United Opposition Workers Opposition Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party Workers Truth Old Bolsheviks Recallists Ultimatists Right Opposition Anti Party Group Bukharinism Noginism Rykovism Tomskyism Gang of Eight Left Right Bloc Soyuz Union of Marxist Leninists Serbia Slovenia Spain Ukraine United Kingdom Trotskyism Neo Trotskyism Yugoslavia Oceanian Edit Main article Communism in Oceania Australia New ZealandConservatism EditMain article Conservatism Political internationalsInternational Democrat Union conservatism International Monarchist League monarchism General Edit Authoritarian conservatism Bioconservatism Black conservatism Civic conservatism Classical conservatism Distributism Conservative corporatism Conservative liberalism Cultural conservatism Fiscal conservatism Green conservatism LGBT conservatism Liberal conservatism Libertarian conservatism Fusionism Libertarian Republicanism Paleolibertarianism Western conservatism Monarchism Absolute monarchism Enlightened absolutism Patriarchalism Constitutional monarchism Crowned republic National conservatism Ethnic nationalism Neoconservatism Paleoconservatism Paleolibertarianism Paternalistic conservatism Compassionate conservatism Conservative socialism Conservative welfarism Progressive conservatism Right wing populism Social conservatism Anti abortion movement Anti feminism Anti LGBT movement Social Darwinism Kraterocracy Theoconservatism Christian right State religion Antidisestablishmentarianism Caesaropapism Dominionism Theocracy Theonomy Ultramontanism Traditionalist conservatism Reactionary Edit Main article Reactionary Absolutism Absolute monarchy Autocracy Alt lite movement Alt right movement Authoritarian capitalism Illiberalism Guided democracy Inverted totalitarianism Imperialism Integralism Irredentism Neo feudalism Neo nationalism Neo reactionary movement Oligarchy Aristocracy Plutocracy Timocracy Reactionary modernism Reactionary populism Revanchism Segregationism Theocracy Opposition Edit Anti anti communism Anti establishmentarianism Anti monarchism Cultural liberalism Cultural radicalism Radicalism Revolutionarism Postmodernism Progressivism Religious variants Edit Main article Theoconservatism Christian right Christian fundamentalism Traditionalist Catholicism Radical traditional Catholicism Hindu fundamentalism Hindutva Islamism Islamic fundamentalism Jewish Conservatism Religious Zionism Regional variants Edit African Edit Main article Conservatism in Africa Egypt Gabon Ghana Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Malawi Morocco Niger Nigeria South Africa Apartheid Sudan Uganda American Edit Main article Conservatism in America Latin America Brazil Bolsonarism Modern conservatism Monarchism Nativism Chile Pinochetism Colombia Puerto Rico North America Canada Bernierism Blue Toryism Monarchism Nativism Pink Toryism Red Toryism Trumpism United States United States Edit Main article Conservatism in the United States Black conservatism Conservative coalition Conservative democratism Anti abolitionism Blue Dogs Jacksonianism Southern democratism Confederatism Neo confederatism Dixiecratism Segregationism Southern nationalism Federalism Classical conservatism New Federalism McCarthyism Nativism Know Nothing movement New Right Old Right Paleoconservatism Paleolibertarianism Republicanism Conservative republicanism Libertarian republicanism Moderate republicanism Main Street republicanism Republican Main Street Partnership Tuesday Group Modern conservatism Movement conservatism Reaganism Reagan Doctrine Reaganomics Tea Party movement Freedom Caucus Trumpism Christian Trumpism QAnon Asian Edit Main article Conservatism in Asia China Hong Kong Localism Nativism India Modern conservatism Modrism Japan Abeism Monarchism Neoconservatism Pakistan Nativism Philippines South Korea Modern conservatism Taiwan Nativism Turkey Conservative democracy Erdoganism European Edit Main article Conservatism in Europe Ancient Rome Belgium Denmark Finland France Bonapartism Neo Bonapartism Gaullism LePenism Monarchism Legitimism Orleanism Ultra royalism Nouvelle Droite Revolutionary France Ancien Regime Chouannerie Historical Right Thermidorians Germany Bismarkianism Conservative socialism State socialism Conservative revolutionary movement Prussian socialism Monarchism Neue Rechte Reichsburger movement Greece Hungary Orbanism Iceland Conservatism in Italy Historical Right Modern conservatism Berlusconism Liberal conservatism Sanfedismo Luxembourg Poland Golden Liberty Sarmatism Modern conservatism Norway Russia Monarchism Octobrism Modern conservatism Putinism Chekism Nashism Eurasianism Neo Sovietism Neo Stalinism Serbia Spain Falangism Francoism Integrism Monarchism Carlism Hugism Neocatholicism Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Butskellism Cavaliers Tories New Tories Jacobitism Monarchism Nativism Neoconservatism One nation conservatism Cameronism Big Society Muscular liberalism Johnsonism Thatcherism Blatcherism Toryism High Toryism Johnsonism Powellism Tory anarchism Tory democracy Tory socialism Ultra Toryism Oceanian Edit Main article Conservatism in Oceania Australia Monarchism Modern conservatism Nativism Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Tonga VanuatuCorporatism EditMain article Corporatism See also Capitalism General Edit Absolutist corporatism Communitarian corporatism Conservative corporatism Economic corporatism Fascist corporatism Kinship corporatism Liberal corporatism National corporatism Neo corporatism Neo liberalism Progressive corporatism Social corporatism Solidar corporatism State corporatism Other Edit Consociationalism Cooperativism Corporate welfarism Guild socialism Guildism Managerialism Mutualist movement National syndicalism Religious variants Edit Main article Corporatism in the Roman Catholic Church Christian corporatism DistributismRegional variants Edit China Nordic countries Russia Western Europe Western Europe Edit Austria Belgium France National syndicalism Yellow socialism Germany Bismarkianism Conservative socialism State socialism Conservative revolutionary movement Fascist corporatism Prussian socialism Ordoliberalism Rhine model Ireland Italy Christian democratic corporatism Consociationalism Fascist corporatism National syndicalism Luxembourg Portugal National syndicalism Netherlands Spain Fascist corporatism National syndicalism SwitzerlandDemocracy EditMain article Democracy General Edit Associative democracy Bioregional democracy Bourgeois democracy Cellular democracy Conservative democracy Constitutional democracy Cosmopolitan democracy Defensive democracy Economic democracy E democracy Collaborative e democracy E government E participation Interactive democracy Ethnic democracy Herrenvolk democracy Guided democracy Liquid democracy Market democracy Media democracy Multiparty democracy Non partisan democracy Participatory democracy Pluralist democracy Procedural democracy Proletarian democracy Racial democracy Radical democracy Representative democracy Council democracy Electoral democracy Ethnocracy Liberal democracy Democratic liberalism Illiberal democracy Parliamentary democracy Westminster democracy Presidential democracy Totalitarian democracy Republican democracy Revolutionary democracy Sectarian democracy Semi democracy Semi direct democracy Social democracy Socialist democracy Economic democracy Council democracy Inclusive democracy Industrial democracy Soviet democracy Workplace democracy Marxist democracy Marxist Leninist democracy New Democracy People s democracy People s dictatorship democracy Sovereign democracy Substantive democracy Tory democracy Other Edit Demarchism Democratic capitalism Democratic centralism Democratic confederalism Democratic globalization Democratic mundialization Democratic republicanism Democratic socialism Democratic transhumanism Majoritarianism Producerism Sortitionism Direct democracy movements Edit Main article Direct democracy Anticipatory democracy Anti corruption movements Anti establishmentarianism Anti particracy movements Cellular democracy Collaborative governance Consensus democracy Copyright reform movements Council democracy Cyber utopianism Deliberative democracy Delegative democracy Dynamic governance E democracy Economic democracy Empowered democracy Grassroots democracy Inclusive Democracy Localism Marxist democracy Net neutrality movements Open source governance Pirate politics Popular democracy Producerism Semi direct democracy Pirate politics Edit Pirate politics IdeologyAnti corruptionCivil libertarianismCivil rightsDirect democracyE democracyParticipatory democracySocial liberalismMain article Pirate politics Political internationalsPirate Parties International pirate politics Anti copyright movement Copyleft movement Copyright abolitionism Free culture movement Anti corruption movement Civil rights movement Civil libertarianism Direct democracy Economic democracy E democracy Participatory democracy Free speech movement Information privacy movement Net neutrality movement Free and open source software Free software movement Open source software movement Opposition Edit Anti democratismReligious variants Edit Main article Religious democracy Christian democracy Edit Main article Christian democracy Further information History of Christian democracy Political internationalsCentrist Democrat International Christian democracy Christian Democrat Organization of America Christian democracy General Edit Further information Catholic social teaching Distributism Social credit movement Gremialismo PopularismOther Edit See also Conservatism Corporatism and Liberalism Christian corporatism Christian democratic welfarism Christian egalitarianism Communitarianism Ordoliberalism Progressive conservatism Social conservatism Other Edit Christian democracy Islamic democracy Jewish democracy TheodemocracyRegional variants Edit African Edit Main article Democracy in Africa Egypt MoroccoAsian Edit Main article Democracy in Asia Bangladesh China Hong Kong India Iran Israel Lebanon Pakistan Palestine Rojava Singapore Vietnam American Edit Main article Democracy in America Chile Chiapas United States Direct democracy Jacksonian democracy Jeffersonian democracy European Edit Main article Democracy in Europe Ancient Greece Athenian democracy Spartan democracy Ancient Rome Belarus France Paris Commune Poland Russia Soviet democracy Switzerland United Kingdom Oceanian Edit Main article Democracy in Oceania AustraliaEnvironmentalism EditMain article Environmentalism Political internationalsFriends of the Earth environmentalism Global Greens green politics World Ecological Parties bright green environmentalism Bright green environmentalism Edit Main article Bright green environmentalism Car free movement Climate movement Conservation movement Eco modernism Ecological modernization Prometheanism Technogaianism Positive environmentalism Steady state economy Deep green environmentalism Edit Main article Deep ecology Anti consumerism Degrowth movement Post growth Post consumerism Anti globalization movement Alter globalization movement Global justice movement Anti nuclear movement Bioregionalism Ecoauthoritarianism Ecocentrism Eco fascism Green anarchism Anarcho naturism Anarcho primitivism Rewilding Communalism Eco communalism Back to the land movement Democratic confederalism Green municipalism Libertarian municipalism Social ecology Inclusive democracy Neo Luddism Radical environmentalism Animal rights movement Deep Green Resistance Earth liberation movement Light green environmentalism Edit Main article Sustainable development Free market environmentalism Eco capitalism Sustainable capitalism Georgism Geolibertarianism Green libertarianism Green conservatism Fiscal environmentalism Green liberalism Other Edit Main article Green politics Ecofeminism Eco nationalism Green Zionism Green left Eco socialism Localism Queer ecology Opposition Edit Anti environmentalism Wise use movementReligious variants Edit Main article Environmentalism and religion Christian environmentalism Eco theology Evangelical environmentalism Islamic environmentalism Jewish environmentalism Maori environmentalism Spiritual ecology Regional variants Edit African Edit Main article Environmental movement in Africa South AfricaAmerican Edit Main article Environmental movement in America United StatesAsian Edit Main article Environmental movement in Asia Bangladesh China India Israel South Korea Taiwan European Edit Main article Environmental movement in Europe SwitzerlandOceanian Edit Main article Environmental movement in Oceania Australia New ZealandFascism and Nazism EditMain article Fascism General Edit Classical fascism Crypto fascism Eco fascism Gay fascism Neo fascism Para fascism Post fascism Proto fascism Techno fascism Tropical fascism Other Edit Alt right movement Aryanism Conservative revolutionary movement Corporate statism Fascist corporatism Fascist mysticism Fascist syndicalism Feudal fascism Identitarian movement National populism Nazism Neo Nazism Nouvelle Droite Palingenetic ultranationalism Racial nationalism Reactionary modernism Revolutionary nationalism Right wing authoritarianism Supremacism Syncretism Third Position Ultranationalism Opposition Edit Main article Anti fascism Further information Criticism of fascism Anti authoritarianism Anti imperialism Anti militarism Anti nationalism Anti racism By country Edit During and before World War II Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Burma China Czech Republic Denmark France Francs Tireurs et Partisans Germany Antifaschistische Aktion Iron Front Greece Hungary Italy Arditi del Popolo Japan Lithuania Malaysia Moldova Netherlands Norway Partisan resistance movement multinational Jewish partisans Philippines Poland Anti Fascist Bloc Jewish Combat Organization Portugal Slovakia Soviet Union Spain Thailand Yugoslavia Post World War II Austria Burma Germany Denazification Sweden United Kingdom Anti Fascist Action Anti Nazi League Movement for Justice Red Action Squadism Unite Against Fascism United States Anti Racist Action By Any Means Necessary Redneck Revolt Refuse Fascism Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice Religious variants Edit Main article Fascism and religion Christofascism Christian Identity Positive Christianity Clerical fascism Esoteric Nazism Ariosophy Islamofascism Regional variants Edit Main article List of fascist movements African Edit Main article Fascism in Africa Rwanda South Africa Nazism ZaireAmerican Edit Main article Fascism in America Latin America Argentina Bolivia Neo fascism Brazil Integralism Nazism Neo Nazism Chile Nazism Neo Nazism Costa Rica Mexico Peru North America Canada Nazism Neo Nazism United States Nazism Neo Nazism Neo fascism Anarcho fascism Asian Edit Main article Fascism in Asia East Asian China Indonesia Japan Mongolia Neo Nazism Pakistan Taiwan Neo Nazism West Asian Iran Neo Nazism Israel Kahanism Neo Nazism Lebanon Syria Turkey Neo Nazism European Edit Main article Fascism in Europe Albania Nazism Austria Antisemitism Nazism Belgium Neo Nazism Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Belarus Croatia Neo fascism Neo Nazism Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Denmark Neo Nazism Estonia Antisemitism Neo Nazism France Antisemitism Nazism Neo Nazism Neo socialism Revolution nationale Germany Nazi Germany Antisemitism Hitlerism Strasserism Neo Nazism Volkisch movement Greece Antisemitism Nazism Neo Nazism Golden Dawn Neo fascism Hungary Antisemitism Nazism Neo Nazism Italy Classical fascism Actual idealism Antisemitism Fasci movement Futurism Mussolinism Republican fascism Revolutionary fascism Sansepolcrismo Nazism Nazi Maoism Neo Nazism Neo fascism Italian Social Movement Post fascism Latvia Antisemitism Lithuania Netherlands Antisemitism Nazism Neo Nazism Norway Antisemitism Poland Antisemitism National radicalism Portugal Antisemitism Neo fascism Romania Antisemitism Nazism Neo Nazism Antonism Russia Russian fascism Nazism Neo Nazism Serbia Slovakia Neo fascism Neo Nazism Slovenia Antisemitism Neo Nazism Spain Antisemitism in Spain Francoism Sweden Sweden Neo Nazism Switzerland Ukraine Antisemitism Neo Nazism United Kingdom Neo fascism Yugoslavia Antisemitism Oceanian Edit Main article Fascism in Oceania Australia New Zealand Neo NazismIdentity politics EditMain article Identity politics Political internationalsInternational Council of Women feminism Minority Rights Group International minority rights Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization indigenous rights and self determination Age related rights movements Edit Anti abortion movement Children s rights movement Elder rights movement Intergenerational equity Youth rights movement Animal related rights movements Edit Abolitionism Animal egalitarianism Anti specism Animal protectionism Animal rights movement Animal liberation movement Animal welfarism Anti naturalism Disability related rights movements Edit Disability rights movement Deaf rights movement Neurodiversity movement Autism rights movement Mad pride movement Psychiatric survivors movement Anti psychiatry Fat acceptance movement Fat feminism Feminism Edit Main article Feminism General Edit Analytical feminism Anarcha feminism Care focused feminism Conservative feminism Cultural feminism Cyberfeminism Difference feminism Eco feminism Vegetarian eco feminism Equality feminism Gender feminism Individualist feminism Intersectional feminism Labor feminism Lesbian feminism Liberal feminism Equity feminism Libertarian feminism Lipstick feminism Neo feminism Material feminism Maternal feminism Post modern feminism Pro feminism Radical feminism Trans exclusionary radical feminism Women s liberation movement Separatist feminism Sex positive feminism Social feminism Socialist feminism Marxist feminism Standpoint feminism State feminism Transfeminism Opposition Edit AntifeminismChronological variants Edit Main article History of feminism Proto feminism First wave feminism Second wave feminism Third wave feminism Fourth wave feminism Post feminism Ethnic and social variants Edit Black feminism Hip hop feminism Womanism Africana womanism Chicana feminism Dalit feminism French feminism Post structural feminism Indigenous feminism Native American feminism Kurdish feminism Post colonial feminism Global feminism Third world feminism Transnational feminism White feminism Religious variants Edit Main article Religious feminism Atheist feminism Buddhist feminism Christian feminism New feminism Hindu feminism Islamic feminism Jewish feminism Orthodox Jewish feminism Mormon feminism Neopagan feminism Dianic Wicca Reclaiming Sikh feminism Regional variants Edit African Edit Main article Feminism in Africa Congo Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Mali Nigeria South Africa American Edit Main article Feminism in America Latin America Argentina Brazil Chile Haiti Honduras Mexico Paraguay Trinidad and Tobago North America Canada United States Asian Edit Main article Feminism in Asia Bangladesh China Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Lebanon Malaysia Nepal Northern Cyprus Pakistan Philippines South Korea Syria Taiwan Thailand Turkey Vietnam European Edit Main article Feminism in Europe Albania Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom Oceanian Edit Main article Feminism in Oceania Australia New ZealandLGBT social movements Edit Main article LGBT social movements See also Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights Gay liberation Homonationalism LGBT conservatism LGBT pride LGBT rights opposition Pink capitalism Queer anarchism Queer ecology Queer nationalism Socialism and LGBT rights Transfeminism Men s movement Edit Main article Men s movement Anti feminism Fathers rights movement Intactivism Masculism Meninism Men s rights movement Mythopoetic men s movement Patriarchy Pro feminism Men s liberation movement Regional variants Edit Main article Fathers rights movement by country Australia India Italy United Kingdom United States Self determination movements Edit Main article Self determination African American Edit Main article Black pride African American self determination movement Black anarchism Black capitalism Black conservatism Black feminism Womanism Africana womanism Black power Pan Africanism Indigenous peoples Edit Main article Indigenism Australian Aborigines self determination movement First Nations self determination movement Greenlandic independence movement Indigenous self determination movement Maori self determination movement Native American self determination movement American Indian Movement Pan Indianism Latin American Edit Main article La raza Chicanism Chicano movement Hispanicism Indigenism Mexico Peru Pan Americanism Pan Hispanism Separatist and supremacist movements Edit Main articles Separatism and Supremacism Ethnic Edit Main articles Ethnic separatism and Ethnic supremacism Afrocentrism Anglo Saxonism Apartheidism Antisemitism Cultural antisemitism Economic antisemitism New antisemitism Political antisemitism Racial antisemitism Religious antisemitism Arab supremacism Auto segregationism Eurocentrism Indocentrism Institutional racism Manifest destiny Nordicism Racialism Racial segregationism Racial separatism Racial supremacism Racism Scientific racism Secessionism Sinocentrism Black Edit Black nationalism Black separatism Black supremacismWhite Edit Alt right movement White nationalism White separatism White supremacismRegional variants Edit African Edit Main article Separatism in Africa South AfricaAmerican Edit Main article Separatism in the Americas Latin America Racial segregationism North America Canada Racial segregationism Greater Vancouver United States Racial segregationism Atlanta segregationism Auto segregationism Church segregationism Public house segregationism Residential segregationism School segregationism Academic segregationism Black school segregationism United States Armed Forces White nationalism White supremacism Asian Edit Main article Separatism in Asia PakistanEuropean Edit Main article Separatism in Europe Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Russia Separatism in Chechnya Separatism in Dagestan Separatism in Tatarstan Separatism in Ural Serbia Spain Basque separatism Catalan separatism Ukraine United KingdomOceania Edit Main article Separatism in Oceania Australia TasmaniaGender Edit Main articles Gender separatism and Sexism Feminist separatism Lesbian separatism Homonationalism Matriarchy PatriarchyReligious variants Edit Main articles Religious separatism and Religious supremacism Fundamentalism Buddhist fundamentalism Christian fundamentalism Catholic fundamentalism Protestant fundamentalism Hindu fundamentalism Islamic fundamentalism Jewish fundamentalism Pagan fundamentalism Student movements Edit Main article Student rights General Edit Anarchist free school movement Student activismRegional variants Edit Argentina Australia Bangladesh Canada Chile China Congo Eastern Europe Albania Belarus Czechoslovakia Georgia Hungary Kyrgyzstan Serbia Ukraine European Union France Germany United Kingdom Hong Kong Umbrella Revolution Hong Kong Federation of Students Occupy Tamar Scholarism Umbrella Movement India Assam Movement Pro jallikattu movement Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Korea Malaysia Mexico Philippines Taiwan Anti Black Box Curriculum Movement Sunflower Student Movement Uganda United States New Students for a Democratic Society Rouge Forum Students for a Democratic Society Worker Student Alliance Student Press Law CenterLiberalism EditMain article Liberalism Further information Age of Enlightenment Political internationalsLiberal International liberalism Transnational Radical Party radicalism General Edit Agonistic liberalism Classical liberalism Conservative liberalism Constitutional liberalism Cultural liberalism Democratic liberalism Economic liberalism Green liberalism Muscular liberalism National liberalism Neoclassical liberalism Neo liberalism Ordoliberalism Secular liberalism Social liberalism Technoliberalism Other Edit Anti anti communism Liberal centrism Liberal communitarianism Liberal moderatism Liberal syncretism Radical centrism Sinistrisme Third Way Trasformismo Liberal constitutionalism Liberal egalitarianism Modern egalitarianism Political egalitarianism Liberal autocracy Liberal conservatism Liberal corporatism Liberal democracy Liberal feminism Equity feminism Liberal internationalism Cosmopolitanism Globalism Globalizationism Cultural globalizationism Economic globalizationism Political globalizationism Liberal progressivism Liberal socialism Ethical socialism Liberal transhumanism Liberal welfarism Liberal radicalism Liberal republicanism Classical republicanism Democratic republicanism Legal egalitarianism Modern republicanism Neo republicanism Social libertarianism Whiggism Opposition Edit Anti liberalism Illiberal democracyRegional variants Edit Main article Liberalism by country African Edit Main article Liberalism in Africa Egypt Nigeria Senegal South Africa Tunisia Zimbabwe American Edit Main article Liberalism in America Latin America Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Ecuador Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Uruguay Venezuela North America Canada United States Abolitionism Anti Federalism Anti Administration party Democratic republicanism Jacobinism Jeffersonianism Democratism New democratism Clintonism Liberal republicanism Moderate republicanism Radical republicanism Modern liberalism Classical liberalism New Deal liberalism New Deal coalition Progressive movement Wilsonianism Asian Edit Main article Liberalism in Asia China Hong Kong India Iran Israel Japan Philippines South Korea Taiwan Thailand Turkey Liberal Kemalism European Edit Main article Liberalism in Europe Albania Armenia Austria Jacobinism Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech lands Denmark Estonia Finland France Abolitionism Society of the Friends of the Blacks Republican Left Revolutionary France Historical Left Jacobins Cordeliers Dantonists Girondins Hebertists Montagnards Moderantisme Feuillants Club Maraisards Thermidorians Monarchiens Society of 1789 Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Historical Left Historical Right Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Krausism Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United Kingdom Abolitionism Gladstonian liberalism Manchester Liberalism Cobdenism Muscular liberalism New liberalism Radicalism Chartism Foxites Jacobinism Philosophical Radicalism Roundheads Cromwellism Whigs Spencerianism Oceanian Edit Main article Liberalism in Oceania Australia New ZealandLibertarianism EditMain article Libertarianism Political internationalsCenter for a Stateless Society left libertarianism International Alliance of Libertarian Parties right libertarianism International of Anarchist Federations anarchism International Union for Land Value Taxation geoism Liberty International right libertarianism Left libertarianism Edit Main article Left libertarianism Classical liberal radicalism Eco socialism Free market anarchism Free market anti capitalism Agorism Counter economics Free market socialism Left wing laissez faire Market oriented left libertarianism Really Really Free Market movement Geolibertarianism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Libertarian communism Libertarian Marxism Libertarian socialism Mutualism Social anarchism Social libertarianism Steiner Vallentyne school Right libertarianism Edit Main article Right libertarianism Anarcho capitalism Crypto anarchism Austro libertarianism Chicagoanism Conservative libertarianism Fiscal conservatism Free marketism Free market fundamentalism Right wing laissez faire Fusionism Neo liberalism Paleolibertarianism Propertarianism Other Edit See also Classical liberalism Autarchism Civil libertarianism Consequentialist libertarianism Constitutionalism Laissez faire Libertarian conservatism Libertarian feminism Libertarian paternalism Minarchism Natural rights libertarianism Neoclassical liberalism Panarchism Radicalism Technolibertarianism Libertarian transhumanism Anarcho transhumanism Californian Ideology Techno utopianism Voluntaryism Opposition Edit Anti libertarianismReligious variants Edit Christian libertarianism Libertarian ChristianityRegional variants Edit African Edit South Africa AnarchismAmerican Edit Canada Anarchism United States United States Edit Main article Libertarianism in the United States Anarcho capitalism Freedmanian anarcho capitalism Rothbardian anarcho capitalism Hoppean anarcho capitalism Anarcho communism Anarcho syndicalism Wobblyism Crypto anarchism Egoist anarchism Free market anti capitalism Free market anarchism Agorism Free market socialism Laissez faire socialism Mutualism Neo mutualism Market oriented left libertarianism Left wing laissez faire Laissez faire socialism Left wing market anarchism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Libertarian democratism Bleeding heart libertarianism Libertarian republicanism Conservative libertarianism Reaganism Right wing laissez faire Laissez faire capitalism Raw capitalism Social anarchism Asian Edit Hong KongEuropean Edit United Kingdom Anarchism Anarcho communism Anarcho naturism Individualist anarchism ThatcherismOceanian Edit Australia Anarchism Anarcho technocracyNationalism EditMain article Nationalism Political internationalsInternational Conference of Asian Political Parties pan Asianism and regionalism The Movement neo nationalism and right wing populism Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization nationalism and self determination General Edit Bourgeois nationalism Civic nationalism Cultural nationalism Diaspora nationalism Eco nationalism Economic nationalism Business nationalism Corporate nationalism Developmentalism Protectionism Ethnic nationalism Expansionist nationalism Imperialism Irridentism Jingoism Neo colonialism Neo imperialism Revanchism Homonationalism Integral nationalism Brazilian Integralism Maurassisme Lusitanian integralism Left wing nationalism Liberal nationalism Liberation nationalism Pan nationalism Post colonial nationalism Queer nationalism Radical nationalism Revolutionary nationalism Right wing nationalism Neo nationalism Romantic nationalism Socialist nationalism Socialism in one country Socialist Yugoslav nationalism Yugo nostalgia Soviet nationalism Neo Stalinism Neo Sovietism Soviet nostalgia Territorial nationalism Ultranationalism Other Edit Anti imperialism Isolationism Souverainism Chauvinism Fascism Nazism Neo Nazism Neo fascism Welfare chauvinism Communitarianism Euroscepticism Hard Euroscepticism Soft Euroscepticism Nashism National anarchism National Bolshevism National capitalism National communism National conservatism National liberalism National mysticism National populism National socialism National syndicalism Nativism Patriotism Sovereignism Opposition Edit Main article Anti nationalism Anationalism Anti patriotism Anti Zionism Religious anti Zionism Cosmopolitanism Globalism Internationalism Cosmopolitan democracy Liberal internationalism Postnationalism Proletarian internationalism Socialist internationalism Multiculturalism Religious variants Edit Main article Religious nationalism Paganism Buddhist nationalism 969 Movement Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Christian nationalism Hindu nationalism Muslim nationalism New Confucianism Religious Zionism Christian Zionism Sikh nationalism State Shinto Showa Statism Regional variants Edit African Edit Main article Nationalism in Africa Algeria Berber East Congo Lumumbism Egypt Pharaonism Coptic nationalism Coptic identity Ethiopia Hutu Power Madagascar Nigeria Igbo nationalism Somalia South Africa Afrikaners American Edit Argentina Brazil Canada Quebec Costa Rica Creole nationalism Greenland Trinidad and Tobago United States American exceptionalism Americanism Chicano nationalism Hawaiian sovereignty movement Manifest destiny New Nationalism Puerto Rico independence movement Southern nationalism Confederatism Neo confederate movement Asian Edit Arab Lebanon Palestine Assyria Azerbaijan Bangladesh Cambodia China East Turkistan Taiwan Taiwan independence movement Tibet India Assam Bodo nationalism Bengal Dravidian nationalism Kerala Tamil Nadu Indian independence movement Anti partitionism Composite nationalism Hindu Muslim unity Two nation theory Hindu nationalism Muslim nationalism in South Asia Kashmir Khilafat Movement Nagaland Punjab Sikh nationalism Tripura Indonesia Iran Iranian Islamonationalism Israel Green Zionism Golus nationalism Labor Zionism Neo Zionism Post Zionism Revisionist Zionism Japan Karen Korean Korean ethnic nationalism Kurdish Kurdish Islamonationalism Malaysia Pakistan Kashmir Philippines Sri Lanka Tamil Turkey Kemalism or Ataturk nationalism Neo Ottomanism Turkish Islamonationalism Vietnam Degar Yazidi nationalism European Edit Main article Rise of nationalism in Europe Albania Kosovo Armenia Austria German nationalism in Austria Belarus Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Czech Republic Slovakia Estonia France Alsace Brittany Corsica Gaullism Occitania Souverainism Georgia Germany Bavaria Prussia New Nationalism Reichsburger movement Golus nationalism Greece Cyprus Hungary Ireland Irish republicanism Ulster unionism Italy Lombardy Padania Sardinia Sicily Venetian Latvia Lithuania Low Countries Belgium Flanders Orangism Rattachism Wallonia Netherlands Frisia Moldova Poland National Democracy Polish Messianism Silesia Zadrugism Szeklerland Russia Eurasianism Duginism Neo Eurasianism Extremist nationalism Black Hundreds Nashism Bulgarism Chechnya Circassia Karelia Nordic countries Faroe Islands Finland Fennoman movement Svecoman movement Greenland Iceland Norway Sapmi Spain Basque Canary Islands Catalonia Galicia Valencia Blaverism Ukraine United Kingdom British unionism Cornwall England Northern Ireland Ulster loyalism Ulster nationalism Scotland Wales Yugoslavia Bosnia Croatia Dalmatia Istria Serbia Macedonia Montenegro Slovenia Oceanian Edit Australia New Zealand Maori South IslandUnification movements Edit Main article Pan nationalism Chinese unificationism Han nationalism Continentalism Eurasianism Hui pan nationalism Indian nationalism Anti partitionism Composite nationalism Hindu Muslim unity Indian reunificationism Indo Pakistani Confederationism Indigenism Indigenism movement Pan Indianism Korean reunificationism Multiculturalism Interculturalism Pluriculturalism Plurinationalism Polyculturalism Neo Sovietism Pan Africanism Pan Albanianism Pan Americanism Pan Arabism Ba athism Nasserism Neo Ba athism Assadism Saddamism Pan Asianism Pan Celticism Pan Dravidianism Pan Europeanism Pro Europeanism European federalism United States of Europe Pan European nationalism Pan Finnicism Pan Francoism Rattachism Pan Germanism German reunificationism Pan Hellenism Pan Hispanism Patria Grande Pan Iberism Pan Iranism Pan Irishism Pan Islamism Pan Latin Americanism Pan Latinism Pan Mongolism Pan Netherlandism Grootneerlandisme Orangism Pan Oceanianism Pan Rumanianism Moldovan Romanian reunificationism Pan Scandinavianism Pan Slavism Yugoslavism Pan Somalism Pan Turanism Pan Turkism Postnationalism RegionalismPopulism EditMain article Populism Political internationalsForo de Sao Paulo democratic socialism left wing populism social democracy and socialism of the 21st century The Movement neo nationalism and right wing populism Progressive International democratic socialism left wing populism progressivism and social democracy General Edit Conservative populism Economic populism Liberal populism Reactionary populism Social populism Socialist populism Techno populism Left wing populism Edit Main article Left wing populism Agrarian socialism Anti austerity movement Anti consumerism Anti corporate movement Anti corporate activism Anti globalization movement Alter globalization movement Global citizens movement Global justice movement Anti nuclear movement Autonomism Copyright reform movement Copyleft Cyber utopianism Economic democracy Council democracy Inclusive democracy Industrial democracy Soviet democracy Workers self management Workplace democracy Economic progressivism Egalitarianism Labour movement Left wing nationalism Net neutrality movement Occupy movement Open source software movement Parecon Participatory budgeting Parpolity Participatory democracy Participatory justice Participatory planning Peace movement Anti militarism Anti war movement Pacifism Radical democracy Social democratic populism Socialist populism Right wing populism Edit Main article Right wing populism Alt lite movement Alt right movement Anti intellectualism Chauvinism Welfare chauvinism Conservative populism Demagogy Market populism National conservatism Post communism National populism Nativism Anti immigration movement Neo nationalism Neo reactionary movement Paleoconservatism Penal populism Right wing nationalism Reactionary populism Radical right wing populism Third Position Volkisch movement Other Edit Agrarianism Agrarian reformism Land reform movement Physiocracy Communitarianism Direct democracy Euroscepticism Hard Euroscepticism Soft Euroscepticism Localism Regionalism Sovereignism Regional variants Edit African Edit Main article Populism in Africa Arab Spring movementAsian Edit Main article Populism in Asia Cyprus Progressive Party of Working People Solidarity Movement Georgia Alliance of Patriots of Georgia India Bahujan Samaj Party Ambedkarism Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party Modism Iran Iranian Green Movement Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf Turkey Justice and Development Party Erdoganism Neo Ottomanism Nationalist Movement Party Idealism Milli Gorus Erbakanism American Edit Main articles Populism in North America and Populism in Latin America Latin America Argentina Kirchnerism Peronism Bolivia Movement for Socialism Brazil Bolsonarism Lulism Petism Podemos Chile Ibanism Ecuador PAIS Alliance Correanism Mexico Nicaragua Sandinism Puerto Rico Venezuela Bolivarianism Chavism Fifth Republic Movement North America Canada United States Black populism movement Bull Moose populism Coffee Party movement Jacksonian democracy Jeffersonian democracy Longism People s Party populism Perotism Progressive populism Tea Party movement Trumpism QAnon European Edit Main article Populism in Europe Ancient Rome Caesarism Populares Austria Freedom Party of Austria NOW List Pilz Belarus Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus Belgium People s Party Vlaams Belang Bulgaria United Patriots Volya Croatia Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja Human Shield Cyprus Citizens Alliance Czech Republic ANO 2011 Czech Pirate Party Dawn National Coalition Euroscepticism Freedom and Direct Democracy Party of Civic Rights Denmark Danish People s Party Inuit Ataqatigiit Red Green Alliance Estonia Conservative People s Party of Estonia European Union Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe European Alliance for Freedom European United Left Nordic Green Left Euroscepticism Hard Euroscepticism Soft Euroscepticism Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom Party of the European Left Finland Finns Party Blue Reform Seven Star Movement Left Alliance France Debout la France Frexit La France Insoumise Left Party Paris Commune Communard movement Poujadism Revolutionary France Cordeliers Hebertists National Rally Souverainism Yellow vests movement Germany Alternative for Germany The Left Greece Ancient Athenian democracy Anti austerity movement Golden Dawn Grexit Independent Greeks Popular Unity Syriza Hungary Fidesz Orbanism Jobbik Hungarian withdrawal from the European Union Italy Five Star Movement Italexit Italian Left Lega Nord Iceland Centre Party Left Green Movement Pirate Party People s Party Ireland Anti austerity movement Solidarity Euroscepticism Sinn Fein Liechtenstein The Independents Lithuania Order and Justice Luxembourg Alternative Democratic Reform Party The Left Nederlands Forum for Democracy Nexit Party for Freedom Norway Progress Party Poland Congress of the New Right Kukiz 15 Law and Justice Real Politics Union Portugal Anti austerity movement Left Bloc Romania Greater Romania Party Poporanism Romanian withdrawal from the European Union Russia A Just Russia Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Narodnik movement Putinism San Marino Active Citizenship United Left Serbia Dveri Serbian Progressive Party Serbian Radical Party Slovenia The Left List of Marjan Sarec Slovenian Democratic Party Slovenian National Party Spain Anti austerity movement Anova Nationalist Brotherhood Podemos United Left Citizens Vox Sweden Left Party Sweden Democrats Switzerland Geneva Citizens Movement Landsgemeinde Popular initiative Swiss People s Party Swiss semi direct democracy Ticino League Ukraine Svoboda United Kingdom Anti austerity movement Democratic Unionist Party Euroscepticism Brexit movement UK Independence Party Oceanian Edit Main article Populism in Oceania Australia One Nation Party New Zealand New Zealand FirstProgressivism EditMain article Progressivism Political internationalsProgressive Alliance progressivism and social democracy Progressive International democratic socialism left wing populism progressivism and social democracy General Edit Economic progressivism Social progressivism Techno progressivism Transnational progressivismOther Edit Progressive conservatism Reform movement Social justice movement Technocracy movementOpposition Edit Anti progressivismReligious variants Edit Islamic progressivismRegional variants Edit Canada South Korea United Kingdom United States American System Great Society War on Poverty New Deal Fair Deal Green New Deal New Freedom New Frontier Progressive democratism Justice democratism Progressive Era Eugenics New Nationalism Square Deal Temperance movement Prohibitionism Wilsonianism WhigsReligio political ideologies EditMain article Religion and politics Political internationalsCentrist Democrat International Christian democracy Hizb ut Tahrir Islamism Humanist International humanism Muslim Brotherhood Islamism General Edit Anti Masonry Christian anti Masonry Muslim anti Masonry Antisemitism Economic antisemitism New antisemitism Racial antisemitism Religious antisemitism Clericalism Complementarianism Confessionalism Feminist theology Thealogy Womanist theology Freemasonry Humanism Religious humanism Secular humanism Messianism Political religion Postcolonial theology Religious anarchism Religious anti Zionism Religious apoliticism Religious communism Religious egalitarianism Religious environmentalism Spiritual ecology Religious liberalism Religious nationalism Religious pacifism Religious socialism Secularism Anti clericalism Cult of Reason Disestablishmentarianism Secular religion Secular state Spiritual left State religion Antidisestablishmentarianism Cult of the Supreme Being Theophilanthropy Theocracy Theonomy Political atheism and agnosticism Edit Atheist feminism Marxist Leninist atheism Secular humanism Secular liberalism State atheismPolitical Bahaʼi Faith Edit New world order Bahaʼi oppositionPolitical Buddhism Edit Buddhist anarchism Buddhist feminism Buddhist modernism Engaged Buddhism Humanistic Buddhism Secular Buddhism Buddhist nationalism 969 Movement Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism Buddhist socialism Political Christianity Edit Main article Christianity and politics Caesaropapism Christian antisemitism Christian democracy Christian corporatism 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