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APG III system

March 10, 2023

See also: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system.[1][2][3]

Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society:

  • The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders.[4]
  • The second, by Haston et al., was a linear sequence of families following the APG III system (LAPG III). This provided a numbered list to the 413 families of APG III. A linear sequence is of particular use to herbarium curators and those working on floristic works wishing to arrange their taxa according to APG III.[5]

Organization

The APG III system recognized all of the 45 orders of the previous system, as well as 14 new ones. The order Ceratophyllales was erroneously marked as a new order, as it had been recognized in both of the previous APG systems. The newly recognized orders were:

Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Chloranthales, Petrosaviales, Trochodendrales, Buxales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Picramniales, Huerteales, Berberidopsidales, Escalloniales, Bruniales, and Paracryphiales.

The designation of alternative "bracketed families" was abandoned in APG III, because its inclusion in the previous system had been unpopular. APG III recognized 413 families, 43 fewer than in the previous system. Forty-four of the 55 "bracketed families" were discontinued, and 20 other families were discontinued as well.

The discontinued bracketed families were:

Illiciaceae, Alliaceae, Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Aphyllanthaceae, Hesperocallidaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Laxmanniaceae, Ruscaceae, Themidaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hemerocallidaceae, Kingdoniaceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, Didymelaceae, Tetracentraceae, Pterostemonaceae, Hypseocharitaceae, Francoaceae, Memecylaceae, Lepuropetalaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Medusagynaceae, Quiinaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Turneraceae, Bretschneideraceae, Diegodendraceae, Cochlospermaceae, Peganaceae, Tetradiclidaceae, Nyssaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Pellicieraceae, Aucubaceae, Donatiaceae, Lobeliaceae, Desfontainiaceae, Diervillaceae, Dipsacaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae, and Valerianaceae.

The other discontinued families were:

Limnocharitaceae, Luzuriagaceae, Sparganiaceae, Ixerbaceae, Ledocarpaceae, Heteropyxidaceae, Psiloxylaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, Parnassiaceae, Maesaceae, Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae, Eremosynaceae, Polyosmaceae, Tribelaceae, Sphenostemonaceae, Aralidiaceae, Mackinlayaceae, and Melanophyllaceae.

21 families were accepted in the APG III system which had not been in the previous system, and a few families were moved to a different position. The newly recognized families are:

Cynomoriaceae, Haptanthaceae, Petermanniaceae, Schoepfiaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Montiaceae, Talinaceae, Anacampserotaceae, Centroplacaceae, Calophyllaceae, Guamatelaceae, Gerrardinaceae, Dipentodontaceae, Capparidaceae, Cleomaceae, Cytinaceae, Mitrastemonaceae, Metteniusaceae, Linderniaceae, and Thomandersiaceae.

The number of families not placed in any order was reduced from 39 to 10. Apodanthaceae and Cynomoriaceae were placed among the angiosperms, incertae sedis, that is, not in any group within the angiosperms. Eight other families were placed incertae sedis in various supra-ordinal groups within the angiosperms. The families not placed in any order were:

Apodanthaceae, Cynomoriaceae, Dasypogonaceae, Sabiaceae, Dilleniaceae, Icacinaceae, Metteniusaceae, Oncothecaceae, Vahliaceae, and Boraginaceae.

The paragraph below shows the number of families in each order and the placement of those families that were not included in any order. These figures were produced by simply counting the families in the text of the paper that established APG III.[1]

ORDERS: Amborellales (1), Nymphaeales (3), Austrobaileyales (3), Chloranthales (1), Canellales (2), Piperales (5), Magnoliales (6), Laurales (7), Acorales (1), Alismatales (13), Petrosaviales (1), Dioscoreales (3), Pandanales (5), Liliales (10), Asparagales (14), Arecales (1), Poales (16), Commelinales (5), Zingiberales (8), Ceratophyllales (1), Ranunculales (7), Proteales (3), Trochodendrales (1), Buxales (2), Gunnerales (2), Saxifragales (14), Vitales (1), Zygophyllales (2), Celastrales (2), Oxalidales (7), Malpighiales (35), Fabales (4), Rosales (9), Fagales (7), Cucurbitales (7), Geraniales (3), Myrtales (9), Crossosomatales (7), Picramniales (1), Sapindales (9), Huerteales (3), Brassicales (17), Malvales (10), Berberidopsidales (2), Santalales (7), Caryophyllales (34), Cornales (6), Ericales (22), Garryales (2), Gentianales (5), Solanales (5), Lamiales (23), Aquifoliales (5), Asterales (11), Escalloniales (1), Bruniales (2), Apiales (7), Paracryphiales (1), Dipsacales (2).

SUPRA-ORDINAL GROUPS: commelinids (1), basal eudicots (1), Pentapetalae (1), lamiids incertae sedis (3), core lamiids (2), angiosperms incertae sedis (2).

The circumscription of the family Icacinaceae remains especially doubtful. Apodytes and its close relative, Rhaphiostylis, as well as Emmotum, Cassinopsis, and a few other genera were provisionally retained within it until further studies can determine whether they properly belong there.

Three genera (Gumillea, Nicobariodendron, and Petenaea) were placed within the angiosperms incertae sedis. Gumillea had been unplaced in APG II. Nicobariodendron and Petenaea were newly added to the list. The latter was later placed into its own family Petenaeaceae in the order Huerteales[6][7]

The classification is shown below in two versions. The short version goes to the level of orders and of families unplaced in an order. The detailed version shows all the families. Orders at the same level in the classification are arranged alphabetically. Note that orders may not contain the same families as in earlier versions of the APG system (APG system, APG II system). Further detail on relationships can be seen in the phylogenetic tree below.

Short version

Detailed version

Legend:

* = new family placement;
† = newly recognized order for the APG system;
§ = new family circumscription described in the text;
$ = families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here;
$$ = families that were in square brackets in APG II, the narrower circumscriptions favoured here.

Angiosperms

Magnoliids

Monocots

Commelinids

Probable sister of eudicots

Eudicots

Core eudicots

Rosids

Fabids (eurosids I)

malvids (eurosids II)

Asterids

lamiids (euasterids I)

campanulids (euasterids II)

Taxa of uncertain position

Phylogeny

The APG III system was based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families. The systematic positions of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the polytomies in the tree. They are shown in the classification table entitled "Detailed version" above, 4 in Euasterids I and 2 in Taxa of uncertain position.

The phylogenetic tree shown below was published with the APG III system,[1] but without some of the labels that are added here.

angiosperms 

Amborellales

Nymphaeales

Austrobaileyales

Subfamilies replacing discontinued families

A number of subfamilies have been proposed to replace some of the families which were optional (i.e. bracketed) in APG II, but have been discontinued in APG III.[8] These are shown in the table below.

Subfamilies replacing APG II bracketed families
APG II bracketed family APG III family: subfamily
Agapanthaceae Amaryllidaceae: Agapanthoideae
Agavaceae Asparagaceae: Agavoideae
Alliaceae Amaryllidaceae: Allioideae
Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae
Aphyllanthaceae Asparagaceae: Aphyllanthoideae
Asparagaceae Asparagaceae: Asparagoideae
Asphodelaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae
Hemerocallidaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae: Hemerocallidoideae
Hesperocallidaceae Asparagaceae: Agavoideae
Hyacinthaceae Asparagaceae: Scilloideae
Laxmanniaceae Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae
Ruscaceae Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae
Themidaceae Asparagaceae: Brodiaeoideae
Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae: Xanthorrhoeoideae

References

  1. ^ a b c Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
  2. ^ As easy as APG III - Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants, The Linnean Society of London, 2009-10-08, retrieved 2009-10-29
  3. ^ APG III tidies up plant family tree, Horticulture Week, 2009-10-08, retrieved 2009-10-29
  4. ^ Chase, Mark W. & Reveal, James L. (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 122–127, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x
  5. ^ Haston, E., Richardson, J.E., Stevens, P.F., Chase, M.W., Harris, D.J. (2009) The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161, 128–131.
  6. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. F. Fay, J. J. Clarkson, P. Gasson, J. Morales Can, J. B. Jimenez Barrios & M. W. Chase (2010). Petenaeaceae, a new angiosperm family in Huerteales with a distant relationship to Gerrardina (Gerrardinaceae), Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 164: 16-25. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01074.x/abstract
  7. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. W. Chase, & M.F.Fay (2011). Preface to "Linear sequence, classification, synonymy, and bibliography of vascular plants: Lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms", Phytotaxa 19: 4–6. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p006.pdf
  8. ^ Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x

External links

  • The APG III paper: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III
  • The LAPG III paper: The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III
  • The phylogenetic classification of land plants paper: A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Website at the Missouri Botanical Garden website

March 10, 2023
system, also, angiosperm, phylogeny, group, flowering, plant, classification, third, version, modern, mostly, molecular, based, system, plant, taxonomy, being, developed, angiosperm, phylogeny, group, published, 2009, superseded, 2016, further, revision, syste. See also Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern mostly molecular based system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG Published in 2009 it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision the APG IV system 1 2 3 Along with the publication outlining the new system there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society The first by Chase amp Reveal was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants embryophytes compatible with the APG III classification As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders 4 The second by Haston et al was a linear sequence of families following the APG III system LAPG III This provided a numbered list to the 413 families of APG III A linear sequence is of particular use to herbarium curators and those working on floristic works wishing to arrange their taxa according to APG III 5 Contents 1 Organization 2 Short version 3 Detailed version 3 1 Angiosperms 3 2 Magnoliids 3 3 Monocots 3 4 Commelinids 3 5 Probable sister of eudicots 3 6 Eudicots 3 7 Core eudicots 3 8 Rosids 3 9 Fabids eurosids I 3 10 malvids eurosids II 3 11 Asterids 3 12 lamiids euasterids I 3 13 campanulids euasterids II 3 14 Taxa of uncertain position 4 Phylogeny 5 Subfamilies replacing discontinued families 6 References 7 External linksOrganization EditThe APG III system recognized all of the 45 orders of the previous system as well as 14 new ones The order Ceratophyllales was erroneously marked as a new order as it had been recognized in both of the previous APG systems The newly recognized orders were Amborellales Nymphaeales Chloranthales Petrosaviales Trochodendrales Buxales Vitales Zygophyllales Picramniales Huerteales Berberidopsidales Escalloniales Bruniales and Paracryphiales The designation of alternative bracketed families was abandoned in APG III because its inclusion in the previous system had been unpopular APG III recognized 413 families 43 fewer than in the previous system Forty four of the 55 bracketed families were discontinued and 20 other families were discontinued as well The discontinued bracketed families were Illiciaceae Alliaceae Agapanthaceae Agavaceae Aphyllanthaceae Hesperocallidaceae Hyacinthaceae Laxmanniaceae Ruscaceae Themidaceae Asphodelaceae Hemerocallidaceae Kingdoniaceae Fumariaceae Pteridophyllaceae Didymelaceae Tetracentraceae Pterostemonaceae Hypseocharitaceae Francoaceae Memecylaceae Lepuropetalaceae Rhoipteleaceae Medusagynaceae Quiinaceae Malesherbiaceae Turneraceae Bretschneideraceae Diegodendraceae Cochlospermaceae Peganaceae Tetradiclidaceae Nyssaceae Ternstroemiaceae Pellicieraceae Aucubaceae Donatiaceae Lobeliaceae Desfontainiaceae Diervillaceae Dipsacaceae Linnaeaceae Morinaceae and Valerianaceae The other discontinued families were Limnocharitaceae Luzuriagaceae Sparganiaceae Ixerbaceae Ledocarpaceae Heteropyxidaceae Psiloxylaceae Oliniaceae Rhynchocalycaceae Parnassiaceae Maesaceae Myrsinaceae Theophrastaceae Eremosynaceae Polyosmaceae Tribelaceae Sphenostemonaceae Aralidiaceae Mackinlayaceae and Melanophyllaceae 21 families were accepted in the APG III system which had not been in the previous system and a few families were moved to a different position The newly recognized families are Cynomoriaceae Haptanthaceae Petermanniaceae Schoepfiaceae Limeaceae Lophiocarpaceae Montiaceae Talinaceae Anacampserotaceae Centroplacaceae Calophyllaceae Guamatelaceae Gerrardinaceae Dipentodontaceae Capparidaceae Cleomaceae Cytinaceae Mitrastemonaceae Metteniusaceae Linderniaceae and Thomandersiaceae The number of families not placed in any order was reduced from 39 to 10 Apodanthaceae and Cynomoriaceae were placed among the angiosperms incertae sedis that is not in any group within the angiosperms Eight other families were placed incertae sedis in various supra ordinal groups within the angiosperms The families not placed in any order were Apodanthaceae Cynomoriaceae Dasypogonaceae Sabiaceae Dilleniaceae Icacinaceae Metteniusaceae Oncothecaceae Vahliaceae and Boraginaceae The paragraph below shows the number of families in each order and the placement of those families that were not included in any order These figures were produced by simply counting the families in the text of the paper that established APG III 1 ORDERS Amborellales 1 Nymphaeales 3 Austrobaileyales 3 Chloranthales 1 Canellales 2 Piperales 5 Magnoliales 6 Laurales 7 Acorales 1 Alismatales 13 Petrosaviales 1 Dioscoreales 3 Pandanales 5 Liliales 10 Asparagales 14 Arecales 1 Poales 16 Commelinales 5 Zingiberales 8 Ceratophyllales 1 Ranunculales 7 Proteales 3 Trochodendrales 1 Buxales 2 Gunnerales 2 Saxifragales 14 Vitales 1 Zygophyllales 2 Celastrales 2 Oxalidales 7 Malpighiales 35 Fabales 4 Rosales 9 Fagales 7 Cucurbitales 7 Geraniales 3 Myrtales 9 Crossosomatales 7 Picramniales 1 Sapindales 9 Huerteales 3 Brassicales 17 Malvales 10 Berberidopsidales 2 Santalales 7 Caryophyllales 34 Cornales 6 Ericales 22 Garryales 2 Gentianales 5 Solanales 5 Lamiales 23 Aquifoliales 5 Asterales 11 Escalloniales 1 Bruniales 2 Apiales 7 Paracryphiales 1 Dipsacales 2 SUPRA ORDINAL GROUPS commelinids 1 basal eudicots 1 Pentapetalae 1 lamiids incertae sedis 3 core lamiids 2 angiosperms incertae sedis 2 The circumscription of the family Icacinaceae remains especially doubtful Apodytes and its close relative Rhaphiostylis as well as Emmotum Cassinopsis and a few other genera were provisionally retained within it until further studies can determine whether they properly belong there Three genera Gumillea Nicobariodendron and Petenaea were placed within the angiosperms incertae sedis Gumillea had been unplaced in APG II Nicobariodendron and Petenaea were newly added to the list The latter was later placed into its own family Petenaeaceae in the order Huerteales 6 7 The classification is shown below in two versions The short version goes to the level of orders and of families unplaced in an order The detailed version shows all the families Orders at the same level in the classification are arranged alphabetically Note that orders may not contain the same families as in earlier versions of the APG system APG system APG II system Further detail on relationships can be seen in the phylogenetic tree below Short version Editclade angiosperms order Amborellales order Nymphaeales order Austrobaileyales order Chloranthales dd clade magnoliidsorder Canellales order Laurales order Magnoliales order Piperales dd dd clade monocotsorder Acorales order Alismatales order Asparagales order Dioscoreales order Liliales order Pandanales order Petrosaviales dd clade commelinidsfamily Dasypogonaceae unplaced in an order dd order Arecales order Commelinales order Poales order Zingiberales dd dd dd probable sister of eudicotsorder Ceratophyllales dd dd clade eudicotsfamily Sabiaceae unplaced in an order dd order Buxales order Proteales order Ranunculales order Trochodendrales dd clade core eudicotsfamily Dilleniaceae unplaced in an order dd order Gunnerales order Saxifragales dd clade rosidsorder Vitales dd clade fabids eurosids I order Celastrales order Cucurbitales order Fabales order Fagales order Malpighiales order Oxalidales order Rosales order Zygophyllales dd dd clade malvids eurosids II order Brassicales order Crossosomatales order Geraniales order Huerteales order Malvales order Myrtales order Picramniales order Sapindales dd dd dd dd back to core eudicots order Berberidopsidales order Caryophyllales order Santalales dd clade asteridsorder Cornales order Ericales dd dd clade lamiids euasterids I family Boraginaceae unplaced in an order family Vahliaceae unplaced in an order family Icacinaceae unplaced in an order family Metteniusaceae unplaced in an order family Oncothecaceae unplaced in an order dd order Garryales order Gentianales order Lamiales order Solanales dd dd dd clade campanulids euasterids II order Apiales order Aquifoliales order Asterales order Bruniales order Dipsacales order Escalloniales order Paracryphiales dd dd dd dd dd dd Detailed version EditLegend new family placement newly recognized order for the APG system new family circumscription described in the text families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here families that were in square brackets in APG II the narrower circumscriptions favoured here Angiosperms Edit Amborellales Melikyan A V Bobrov amp Zaytzeva Amborellaceae Pichon Nymphaeales Salisb ex Bercht amp J Presl Cabombaceae Rich ex A Rich Hydatellaceae U Hamann Nymphaeaceae Salisb Austrobaileyales Takht ex Reveal Austrobaileyaceae Croizat Schisandraceae Blume including Illiciaceae A C Sm Trimeniaceae L S Gibbs Chloranthales R Br Chloranthaceae R Br ex SimsMagnoliids Edit Canellales Cronquist Canellaceae Mart Winteraceae R Br ex Lindl Piperales Bercht amp J Presl Aristolochiaceae Juss Hydnoraceae C Agardh Lactoridaceae Engl Piperaceae Giseke Saururaceae F Voigt Laurales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Atherospermataceae R Br Calycanthaceae Lindl Gomortegaceae Reiche Hernandiaceae Blume Lauraceae Juss Monimiaceae Juss Siparunaceae Schodde Magnoliales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Annonaceae Juss Degeneriaceae I W Bailey amp A C Sm Eupomatiaceae Orb Himantandraceae Diels Magnoliaceae Juss Myristicaceae R Br Monocots Edit Acorales Link Acoraceae Martinov Alismatales R Br ex Bercht amp J Presl Alismataceae Vent including Limnocharitaceae Takht ex Cronquist Aponogetonaceae Planch Araceae Juss Butomaceae Mirb Cymodoceaceae Vines Hydrocharitaceae Juss Juncaginaceae Rich Posidoniaceae Vines Potamogetonaceae Bercht amp J Presl Ruppiaceae Horan Scheuchzeriaceae F Rudolphi Tofieldiaceae Takht Zosteraceae Dumort Petrosaviales Takht Petrosaviaceae Hutch Dioscoreales R Br Burmanniaceae Blume Dioscoreaceae R Br Nartheciaceae Fr ex Bjurzon Pandanales R Br ex Bercht amp J Presl Cyclanthaceae Poit ex A Rich Pandanaceae R Br Stemonaceae Caruel Triuridaceae Gardner Velloziaceae J Agardh Liliales Perleb Alstroemeriaceae Dumort including Luzuriagaceae Lotsy Campynemataceae Dumort Colchicaceae DC Corsiaceae Becc Liliaceae Juss Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh Petermanniaceae Hutch Philesiaceae Dumort Ripogonaceae Conran amp Clifford Smilacaceae Vent Asparagales Link Amaryllidaceae J St Hil including Agapanthaceae F Voigt Alliaceae Borkh Asparagaceae Juss including Agavaceae Dumort Aphyllanthaceae Burnett Hesperocallidaceae Traub Hyacinthaceae Batsch ex Borkh Laxmanniaceae Bubani Ruscaceae M Roem Themidaceae Salisb Asteliaceae Dumort Blandfordiaceae R Dahlgren amp Clifford Boryaceae M W Chase Rudall amp Conran Doryanthaceae R Dahlgren amp Clifford Hypoxidaceae R Br Iridaceae Juss Ixioliriaceae Nakai Lanariaceae R Dahlgren amp A E van Wyk Orchidaceae Juss Tecophilaeaceae Leyb Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort including Asphodelaceae Juss and Hemerocallidaceae R Br Xeronemataceae M W Chase Rudall amp M F FayCommelinids Edit Dasypogonaceae Dumort Arecales Bromhead Arecaceae Bercht amp J Presl Commelinales Mirb ex Bercht amp J Presl Commelinaceae Mirb Haemodoraceae R Br Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw Philydraceae Link Pontederiaceae Kunth Poales Small Anarthriaceae D F Cutler amp Airy Shaw Bromeliaceae Juss Centrolepidaceae Endl Cyperaceae Juss Ecdeiocoleaceae D F Cutler amp Airy Shaw Eriocaulaceae Martinov Flagellariaceae Dumort Joinvilleaceae Toml amp A C Sm Juncaceae Juss Mayacaceae Kunth Poaceae Barnhart Rapateaceae Dumort Restionaceae R Br Thurniaceae Engl Typhaceae Juss including Sparganiaceae Hanin Xyridaceae C Agardh Zingiberales Griseb Cannaceae Juss Costaceae Nakai Heliconiaceae Vines Lowiaceae Ridl Marantaceae R Br Musaceae Juss Strelitziaceae Hutch Zingiberaceae MartinovProbable sister of eudicots Edit Ceratophyllales Link Ceratophyllaceae GrayEudicots Edit Ranunculales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Berberidaceae Juss Circaeasteraceae Hutch including Kingdoniaceae Airy Shaw Eupteleaceae K Wilh Lardizabalaceae R Br Menispermaceae Juss Papaveraceae Juss including Fumariaceae Marquis Pteridophyllaceae Nakai ex Reveal amp Hoogland Ranunculaceae Juss Sabiaceae Blume Proteales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Nelumbonaceae A Rich Platanaceae T Lestib Proteaceae Juss Trochodendrales Takht ex Cronquist Trochodendraceae Eichler including Tetracentraceae A C Sm Buxales Takht ex Reveal Buxaceae Dumort including Didymelaceae Leandri Haptanthaceae C NelsonCore eudicots Edit Gunnerales Takht ex Reveal Gunneraceae Meisn Myrothamnaceae Nied Dilleniaceae Salisb Saxifragales Bercht amp J Presl Altingiaceae Horan Aphanopetalaceae Doweld Cercidiphyllaceae Engl Crassulaceae J St Hil Daphniphyllaceae Mull Arg Grossulariaceae DC Haloragaceae R Br Hamamelidaceae R Br Iteaceae J Agardh including Pterostemonaceae Small Paeoniaceae Raf Penthoraceae Rydb ex Britt Peridiscaceae Kuhlm including Medusandraceae Brenan Soyauxia Oliver Saxifragaceae Juss Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai Berberidopsidales Doweld Aextoxicaceae Engl amp Gilg Berberidopsidaceae Takht Santalales R Br ex Bercht amp J Presl Balanophoraceae Rich Loranthaceae Juss Misodendraceae J Agardh Santalaceae R Br Olacaceae R Br Opiliaceae Valeton Schoepfiaceae Blume Caryophyllales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Achatocarpaceae Heimerl Aizoaceae Martinov Amaranthaceae Juss Anacampserotaceae Eggli amp Nyffeler Ancistrocladaceae Planch ex Walp Asteropeiaceae Takht ex Reveal amp Hoogland Barbeuiaceae Nakai Basellaceae Raf Cactaceae Juss Caryophyllaceae Juss Didiereaceae Radlk Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw Droseraceae Salisb Drosophyllaceae Chrtek Slavikova amp Studnicka Frankeniaceae Desv Gisekiaceae Nakai Halophytaceae A Soriano Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal Lophiocarpaceae Doweld amp Reveal Molluginaceae Bartl Montiaceae Raf Nepenthaceae Dumort Nyctaginaceae Juss Physenaceae Takht Phytolaccaceae R Br Plumbaginaceae Juss Polygonaceae Juss Portulacaceae Juss Rhabdodendraceae Prance Sarcobataceae Behnke Simmondsiaceae Tiegh Stegnospermataceae Nakai Talinaceae Doweld Tamaricaceae LinkRosids Edit Vitales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Vitaceae Juss Fabids eurosids I Edit Zygophyllales Link Krameriaceae Dumort Zygophyllaceae R Br Celastrales Link Celastraceae R Br including Lepuropetalaceae Nakai Parnassiaceae Martinov Pottingeriaceae Takht Lepidobotryaceae J Leonard Oxalidales Bercht amp J Presl Brunelliaceae Engl Cephalotaceae Dumort Connaraceae R Br Cunoniaceae R Br Elaeocarpaceae Juss ex DC Huaceae A Chev Oxalidaceae R Br Malpighiales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Achariaceae Harms Balanopaceae Benth amp Hook f Bonnetiaceae L Beauvis ex Nakai Calophyllaceae J Agardh Caryocaraceae Voigt Centroplacaceae Doweld amp Reveal Chrysobalanaceae R Br Clusiaceae Lindl Ctenolophonaceae Exell amp Mendonca Dichapetalaceae Baill Elatinaceae Dumort Erythroxylaceae Kunth including Aneulophus Benth Euphorbiaceae Juss Euphroniaceae Marc Berti Goupiaceae Miers Humiriaceae A Juss Hypericaceae Juss Irvingiaceae Exell amp Mendonca Ixonanthaceae Planch ex Miq Lacistemataceae Mart Linaceae DC ex Perleb Lophopyxidaceae H Pfeiff Malpighiaceae Juss Ochnaceae DC including Medusagynaceae Engl amp Gilg Quiinaceae Choisy Pandaceae Engl amp Gilg Passifloraceae Juss ex Roussel including Malesherbiaceae D Don Turneraceae Kunth ex DC Phyllanthaceae Martinov Picrodendraceae Small Podostemaceae Rich ex Kunth Putranjivaceae Meisn Rafflesiaceae Dumort Rhizophoraceae Pers Salicaceae Mirb Trigoniaceae A Juss Violaceae Batsch Cucurbitales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Anisophylleaceae Ridl Begoniaceae C Agardh Coriariaceae DC Corynocarpaceae Engl Cucurbitaceae Juss Datiscaceae Dumort Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw Fabales Bromhead Fabaceae Lindl Polygalaceae Hoffmanns amp Link Quillajaceae D Don Surianaceae Arn Fagales Engl Betulaceae Gray Casuarinaceae R Br Fagaceae Dumort Juglandaceae DC ex Perleb including Rhoipteleaceae Hand Mazz Myricaceae A Rich ex Kunth Nothofagaceae Kuprian Ticodendraceae Gomez Laur amp L D Gomez Rosales Bercht amp J Presl Barbeyaceae Rendle Cannabaceae Martinov Dirachmaceae Hutch Elaeagnaceae Juss Moraceae Gaudich Rhamnaceae Juss Rosaceae Juss Ulmaceae Mirb Urticaceae Juss malvids eurosids II Edit Geraniales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Geraniaceae Juss including Hypseocharitaceae Wedd Melianthaceae Horan including Francoaceae A Juss Vivianiaceae Klotzsch including Ledocarpaceae Meyen Myrtales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Alzateaceae S A Graham Combretaceae R Br Crypteroniaceae A DC Lythraceae J St Hil Melastomataceae Juss including Memecylaceae DC Myrtaceae Juss including Heteropyxidaceae Engl amp Gilg Psiloxylaceae Croizat Onagraceae Juss Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill including Oliniaceae Arn Rhynchocalycaceae L A S Johnson amp B G Briggs Vochysiaceae A St Hil Crossosomatales Takht ex Reveal Aphloiaceae Takht Crossosomataceae Engl Geissolomataceae A DC Guamatelaceae S Oh amp D Potter Stachyuraceae J Agardh Staphyleaceae Martinov Strasburgeriaceae Soler including Ixerbaceae Griseb ex Doweld amp Reveal Picramniales Doweld Picramniaceae Fernando amp Quinn Huerteales Doweld Dipentodontaceae Merr Gerrardinaceae Alford Tapisciaceae Takht Brassicales Bromhead Akaniaceae Stapf including Bretschneideraceae Engl amp Gilg Bataceae Mart ex Perleb Brassicaceae Burnett Capparaceae Juss Caricaceae Dumort Cleomaceae Bercht amp J Presl Emblingiaceae J Agardh Gyrostemonaceae A Juss Koeberliniaceae Engl Limnanthaceae R Br Moringaceae Martinov Pentadiplandraceae Hutch amp Dalziel Resedaceae Martinov Salvadoraceae Lindl Setchellanthaceae Iltis Tovariaceae Pax Tropaeolaceae Juss ex DC Malvales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Bixaceae Kunth including Cochlospermaceae Planch Diegodendraceae Capuron Cistaceae Juss Cytinaceae A Rich Dipterocarpaceae Blume Malvaceae Juss Muntingiaceae C Bayer M W Chase amp M F Fay Neuradaceae Kostel Sarcolaenaceae Caruel Sphaerosepalaceae Tiegh ex Bullock Thymelaeaceae Juss Sapindales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Anacardiaceae R Br Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl Burseraceae Kunth Kirkiaceae Takht Meliaceae Juss Nitrariaceae Lindl including Peganaceae Tiegh ex Takht Tetradiclidaceae Takht Rutaceae Juss Sapindaceae Juss Simaroubaceae DC Asterids Edit Cornales Link Cornaceae Bercht amp J Presl including Nyssaceae Juss ex Dumort Curtisiaceae Takht Grubbiaceae Endl ex Meisn Hydrangeaceae Dumort Hydrostachyaceae Engl Loasaceae Juss Ericales Bercht amp J Presl Actinidiaceae Engl amp Gilg Balsaminaceae A Rich Clethraceae Klotzsch Cyrillaceae Lindl Diapensiaceae Lindl Ebenaceae Gurke Ericaceae Juss Fouquieriaceae DC Lecythidaceae A Rich Marcgraviaceae Bercht amp J Presl Mitrastemonaceae Makino Pentaphylacaceae Engl including Ternstroemiaceae Mirb ex DC Polemoniaceae Juss Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh including Maesaceae Anderb B Stahl amp Kallersjo Myrsinaceae R Br Theophrastaceae G Don Roridulaceae Martinov Sapotaceae Juss Sarraceniaceae Dumort Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw Styracaceae DC amp Spreng Symplocaceae Desf Tetrameristaceae Hutch including Pellicieraceae L Beauvis Theaceae Mirb ex Ker Gawl lamiids euasterids I Edit Boraginaceae Juss including Hoplestigmataceae Gilg Vahliaceae Dandy Icacinaceae Miers Metteniusaceae H Karst ex Schnizl Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw Garryales Lindl Eucommiaceae Engl Garryaceae Lindl including Aucubaceae Bercht amp J Presl Gentianales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Apocynaceae Juss Gelsemiaceae Struwe amp V A Albert Gentianaceae Juss Loganiaceae R Br ex Mart Rubiaceae Juss Lamiales Bromhead Acanthaceae Juss Bignoniaceae Juss Byblidaceae Domin Calceolariaceae Olmstead Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw Gesneriaceae Rich amp Juss Lamiaceae Martinov Linderniaceae Borsch K Mull amp Eb Fisch Lentibulariaceae Rich Martyniaceae Horan Oleaceae Hoffmanns amp Link Orobanchaceae Vent Paulowniaceae Nakai Pedaliaceae R Br Phrymaceae Schauer Plantaginaceae Juss Plocospermataceae Hutch Schlegeliaceae Reveal Scrophulariaceae Juss Stilbaceae Kunth Tetrachondraceae Wettst Thomandersiaceae Sreem Verbenaceae J St Hil Solanales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Convolvulaceae Juss Hydroleaceae R Br ex Edwards Montiniaceae Nakai Solanaceae Juss Sphenocleaceae T Baskerv campanulids euasterids II Edit Aquifoliales Senft Aquifoliaceae Bercht amp J Presl Cardiopteridaceae Blume including Leptaulaceae Tiegh Helwingiaceae Decne Phyllonomaceae Small Stemonuraceae Karehed Asterales Link Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw Argophyllaceae Takht Asteraceae Bercht amp J Presl Calyceraceae R Br ex Rich Campanulaceae Juss including Lobeliaceae Juss Goodeniaceae R Br Menyanthaceae Dumort Pentaphragmataceae J Agardh Phellinaceae Takht Rousseaceae DC Stylidiaceae R Br including Donatiaceae B Chandler Escalloniales R Br Escalloniaceae R Br ex Dumort including Eremosynaceae Dandy Polyosmaceae Blume Tribelaceae Airy Shaw Bruniales Dumort Bruniaceae R Br ex DC Columelliaceae D Don including Desfontainiaceae Endl Paracryphiales Takht ex Reveal Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw including Quintiniaceae Doweld Sphenostemonaceae P Royen amp Airy Shaw Dipsacales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Adoxaceae E Mey Caprifoliaceae Juss including Diervillaceae Pyck Dipsacaceae Juss Linnaeaceae Backlund Morinaceae Raf Valerianaceae Batsch Apiales Nakai Apiaceae Lindl including Mackinlayaceae Araliaceae Juss Griseliniaceae J R Forst amp G Forst ex A Cunn Myodocarpaceae Doweld Pennantiaceae J Agardh Pittosporaceae R Br Torricelliaceae Hu including Aralidiaceae Philipson amp B C Stone Melanophyllaceae Takht ex Airy Shaw Taxa of uncertain position Edit Apodanthaceae Takht three genera now in Cucurbitales Cynomoriaceae Endl ex Lindl Gumillea Ruiz amp Pav Petenaea Lundell now in Huerteales Nicobariodendron see Simmons 2004 probably in Celastraceae Phylogeny EditThe APG III system was based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families The systematic positions of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the polytomies in the tree They are shown in the classification table entitled Detailed version above 4 in Euasterids I and 2 in Taxa of uncertain position The phylogenetic tree shown below was published with the APG III system 1 but without some of the labels that are added here angiosperms AmborellalesNymphaealesAustrobaileyalesChloranthalesmagnoliids CanellalesPiperalesMagnolialesLauralesmonocots AcoralesAlismatalesPetrosavialesDioscorealesPandanalesLilialesAsparagalescommelinids DasypogonaceaeArecalesPoalesCommelinalesZingiberalesCeratophyllaleseudicots RanunculalesSabiaceaeProtealesTrochodendralesBuxalescore eudicots GunneralesDilleniaceaeSaxifragalesrosids Vitaleseurosids fabids ZygophyllalesCelastralesOxalidalesMalpighialesFabalesRosalesFagalesCucurbitalesmalvids GeranialesMyrtalesCrossosomatalesPicramnialesSapindalesHuertealesBrassicalesMalvalesBerberidopsidalesSantalalesCaryophyllalesasterids CornalesEricaleseuasterids lamiids GarryalesBoraginaceaeGentianalesSolanalesLamialescampanulids AquifolialesAsteralesEscallonialesBrunialesApialesParacryphialesDipsacalesSubfamilies replacing discontinued families EditA number of subfamilies have been proposed to replace some of the families which were optional i e bracketed in APG II but have been discontinued in APG III 8 These are shown in the table below Subfamilies replacing APG II bracketed families APG II bracketed family APG III family subfamilyAgapanthaceae Amaryllidaceae AgapanthoideaeAgavaceae Asparagaceae AgavoideaeAlliaceae Amaryllidaceae AllioideaeAmaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae AmaryllidoideaeAphyllanthaceae Asparagaceae AphyllanthoideaeAsparagaceae Asparagaceae AsparagoideaeAsphodelaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae AsphodeloideaeHemerocallidaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae HemerocallidoideaeHesperocallidaceae Asparagaceae AgavoideaeHyacinthaceae Asparagaceae ScilloideaeLaxmanniaceae Asparagaceae LomandroideaeRuscaceae Asparagaceae NolinoideaeThemidaceae Asparagaceae BrodiaeoideaeXanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae XanthorrhoeoideaeReferences Edit a b c Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x As easy as APG III Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants The Linnean Society of London 2009 10 08 retrieved 2009 10 29 APG III tidies up plant family tree Horticulture Week 2009 10 08 retrieved 2009 10 29 Chase Mark W amp Reveal James L 2009 A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 122 127 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 01002 x Haston E Richardson J E Stevens P F Chase M W Harris D J 2009 The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group LAPG III a linear sequence of the families in APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 128 131 Christenhusz M J M M F Fay J J Clarkson P Gasson J Morales Can J B Jimenez Barrios amp M W Chase 2010 Petenaeaceae a new angiosperm family in Huerteales with a distant relationship to Gerrardina Gerrardinaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 164 16 25 http onlinelibrary wiley com doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2010 01074 x abstract Christenhusz M J M M W Chase amp M F Fay 2011 Preface to Linear sequence classification synonymy and bibliography of vascular plants Lycophytes ferns gymnosperms and angiosperms Phytotaxa 19 4 6 http www mapress com phytotaxa content 2011 f pt00019p006 pdf Chase M W Reveal J L amp Fay M F 2009 A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 132 136 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00999 xExternal links EditThe APG III paper An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III The LAPG III paper The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group LAPG III a linear sequence of the families in APG III The phylogenetic classification of land plants paper A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III Angiosperm Phylogeny Website at the Missouri Botanical Garden website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title APG III system amp oldid 1117121398, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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