Commelinids
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids[1][2]) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid.[3][4]
| Commelinids Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
| Cock's-foot grass (Dactylis glomerata) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Orders | |
| Diversity[citation needed] | |
| About 1,420 genera | |
The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.
Description edit
Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.[3][4]
Taxonomy edit
The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots).[5] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.[citation needed]
Takhtajan system edit
The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:[citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
superorder Bromelianae
order Bromeliales
order Velloziales
superorder Pontederianae
order Philydrales
order Pontederiales
order Haemodorales
superorder Zingiberanae
order Musales
order Lowiales
order Zingiberales
order Cannales
superorder Commelinanae
order Commelinales
order Mayacales
order Xyridales
order Rapateales
order Eriocaulales
superorder Hydatellanae
order Hydatellales
superorder Juncanae
order Juncales
order Cyperales
superorder Poanae
order Flagellariales
order Restionales
order Centrolepidales
order Poales
Cronquist system edit
The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:[citation needed]
subclass Commelinidae
order Commelinales
order Eriocaulales
order Restionales
order Juncales
order Cyperales
order Hydatellales
order Typhales
APG system edit
The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).[6][7] The commelinids now constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,[8] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems.
Cladogram 1: The phylogenetic composition of the monocots[9]
|
Subdivision edit
The commelinids of APG II (2003) and APG III (2009) contain essentially the same plants as the commelinoids of the earlier APG system (1998).[8] In APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.[9]
clade monocots :
|
| |||
| The current phylogeny and composition of the commelinids.[10] | ||||
See also edit
References edit
- ^ APG (1998). "An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85 (4): 531–553. doi:10.2307/2992015. JSTOR 2992015.
- ^ APG II (2003). "An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
- ^ a b Harris & Hartley 1976.
- ^ a b Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Rassmussen, F. (1983). "Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylogenetic estimation". Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 16. pp. 255–395. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6971-8_7. ISBN 978-1-4615-6973-2.
- ^ Takhtajan, A. (1967). Система и филогения цветковых растений (Systema et Phylogenia Magnoliophytorum). Moscow: Nauka.
- ^ http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ the official APG website
- ^ "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x.
- ^ a b Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis; Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon. 56 (3): E1–E44. doi:10.2307/25065865. JSTOR 25065865.
- ^ a b APG IV 2016.
- ^ "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Bibliography edit
- APG IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
- Barrett, Craig F.; Baker, William J.; Comer, Jason R.; Conran, John G.; Lahmeyer, Sean C.; Leebens-Mack, James H.; Li, Jeff; Lim, Gwynne S.; Mayfield-Jones, Dustin R.; Perez, Leticia; Medina, Jesus; Pires, J. Chris; Santos, Cristian; Wm. Stevenson, Dennis; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Davis, Jerrold I. (January 2016). "Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots". New Phytologist. 209 (2): 855–870. doi:10.1111/nph.13617. PMID 26350789.
- Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1985). The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-13655-2.
- Harris, P.J.; Hartley, R.D. (1976). "Detection of bound ferulic acid in cell walls of the Gramineae by ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy". Nature. 259 (5543): 508–510. Bibcode:1976Natur.259..508H. doi:10.1038/259508a0. S2CID 4272319.
External links edit
- Data related to Commelinids at Wikispecies
- Media related to Commelinids at Wikimedia Commons