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Brassicales

November 13, 2023

The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system.[2] One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority).[3]

The order typically contains the following families:[4]

Classification edit

The following diagram shows the phylogeny of the Brassicales families along with their estimated ages, based on a 2018 study of plastid DNA:[5]

Brassicales families
Phylogentic relationships based on data from plastid DNA. The numbers next to each branching point indicate its estimated date (million years ago). Families with more than 30 species are in bold.

On 20 April 2020, a newly described monotypic species from Namibia, namely, Tiganophyton karasense Swanepoel, F.Forest & A.E. van Wyk is placed under this order as a monotypic member of new family Tiganophytaceae, which is closely related to Bataceae, Salvadoraceae and Koeberliniaceae.[6]

Historic classifications edit

Under the Cronquist system, the Brassicales were called the Capparales, and included among the "Dilleniidae". The only families included were the Brassicaceae and Capparaceae (treated as separate families), the Tovariaceae, Resedaceae, and Moringaceae. Other taxa now included here were placed in various other orders.

The families Capparaceae and Brassicaceae are closely related. One group, consisting of Cleome and related genera, was traditionally included in the Capparaceae but doing so results in a paraphyletic Capparaceae.[3] Therefore, this group is generally now either included in the Brassicaceae or as its own family, Cleomaceae.[4][7]

Gallery of type genera edit

For etymologies, see List of plant family names with etymologies.

Setchellanthaceae is sometimes known as the azulita family.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  3. ^ a b Jocelyn C. Hall, Kenneth J. Sytsma & Hugh H. Iltis (2002). "Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data". American Journal of Botany. 89 (11): 1826–1842. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.11.1826. PMID 21665611.
  4. ^ a b Elspeth Haston; James E. Richardson; Peter F. Stevens; Mark W. Chase; David J. Harris (2007). "A linear sequence of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II families". Taxon. 56 (1): 7–12. doi:10.2307/25065731. JSTOR 25065731.
  5. ^ Edger, Patrick P.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Harkess, Alex; Tang, Michelle; Coombs, Jill; Mohammadin, Setareh; Schranz, M. Eric; Xiong, Zhiyong; Leebens-Mack, James; Meyers, Blake C.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Koch, Marcus A.; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.; Pires, J. Chris (2018). "Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes: A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and origin of novel chemical defenses". American Journal of Botany. 105 (3): 463–69. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1040. PMID 29574686.
  6. ^ Swanepoel, Wessel; Chase, Mark W.; Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Maurin, Olivier; Forest, Félix; van Wyk, Abraham E. (2020). "From the frying pan: an unusual dwarf shrub from Namibia turns out to be a new brassicalean family". Phytotaxa. 439 (3): 171–185. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.439.3.1.
  7. ^ Jocelyn C. Hall, Hugh H. Iltis & Kenneth J. Sytsma (2004). "Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales, placement of orphan genera Emblingia, Forchhammeria, Tirania, and character evolution" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 29 (3): 654–669. doi:10.1600/0363644041744491. S2CID 86218316. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  8. ^ Christenhusz, Maarten; Fay, Michael Francis; Chase, Mark Wayne (2017). Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants. Chicago, Illinois: Kew Publishing and The University of Chicago Press. pp. 401–419. ISBN 978-0-226-52292-0.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Brassicales at Wikimedia Commons

November 13, 2023
brassicales, cruciales, order, flowering, plants, belonging, eurosids, group, dicotyledons, under, system, character, common, many, members, order, production, glucosinolate, mustard, compounds, most, systems, classification, have, included, this, order, altho. The Brassicales or Cruciales are an order of flowering plants belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system 2 One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate mustard oil compounds Most systems of classification have included this order although sometimes under the name Capparales the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority 3 BrassicalesAlliaria petiolata garlic mustard Brassicaceae Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsClade MalvidsOrder BrassicalesBromhead 1 FamiliesAkaniaceae Bataceae Brassicaceae Capparaceae Caricaceae Cleomaceae Emblingiaceae Gyrostemonaceae Koeberliniaceae Limnanthaceae Moringaceae Pentadiplandraceae Resedaceae Salvadoraceae Setchellanthaceae Tiganophytaceae Tovariaceae TropaeolaceaeThe order typically contains the following families 4 Akaniaceae two species of turnipwood trees native to Asia and eastern Australia Bataceae salt tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia Brassicaceae mustard and cabbage family may include the Cleomaceae Capparaceae caper family sometimes included in Brassicaceae Caricaceae papaya family Cleomaceae 1 Gyrostemonaceae several genera of small shrubs and trees endemic to temperate parts of Australia Koeberliniaceae one species of thorn bush native to Mexico and the US Southwest Limnanthaceae meadowfoam family Moringaceae thirteen species of trees from Africa and India Pentadiplandraceae African species whose berries have two highly sweet tasting proteins Resedaceae mignonette family Salvadoraceae three genera found from Africa to Java Setchellanthaceae Tiganophytaceae Tovariaceae Tropaeolaceae nasturtium familyContents 1 Classification 2 Historic classifications 3 Gallery of type genera 4 References 5 External linksClassification editThe following diagram shows the phylogeny of the Brassicales families along with their estimated ages based on a 2018 study of plastid DNA 5 Brassicales families36 AkaniaceaeTropaeolaceae 92 64 MoringaceaeCaricaceaeSetchellanthaceae 85 Limnanthaceae 78 SalvadoraceaeBataceae 73 Koeberliniaceae 66 Emblingiaceae 61 55 Pentadiplandraceae 46 ResedaceaeGyrostemonaceaeTovariaceae 49 Capparaceae 43 CleomaceaeBrassicaceaePhylogentic relationships based on data from plastid DNA The numbers next to each branching point indicate its estimated date million years ago Families with more than 30 species are in bold On 20 April 2020 a newly described monotypic species from Namibia namely Tiganophyton karasense Swanepoel F Forest amp A E van Wyk is placed under this order as a monotypic member of new family Tiganophytaceae which is closely related to Bataceae Salvadoraceae and Koeberliniaceae 6 Historic classifications editUnder the Cronquist system the Brassicales were called the Capparales and included among the Dilleniidae The only families included were the Brassicaceae and Capparaceae treated as separate families the Tovariaceae Resedaceae and Moringaceae Other taxa now included here were placed in various other orders The families Capparaceae and Brassicaceae are closely related One group consisting of Cleome and related genera was traditionally included in the Capparaceae but doing so results in a paraphyletic Capparaceae 3 Therefore this group is generally now either included in the Brassicaceae or as its own family Cleomaceae 4 7 Gallery of type genera editFor etymologies see List of plant family names with etymologies nbsp Akania bidwillii turnipwood family nbsp Batis maritima turtleweed family nbsp Brassica oleracea cabbage family nbsp Capparis spinosa caper family nbsp Carica papaya papaya family nbsp Cleome hassleriana spiderflower family nbsp Emblingia calceoliflora slippercreeper family nbsp Gyrostemon ramulosis buttoncreeper family nbsp Koeberlinia spinosa allthorn family nbsp Limnanthes douglasii meadowfoam family nbsp Moringa oleifera horseradish tree family nbsp Pentadiplandra brazzeana oubli family nbsp Reseda lutea mignonette family nbsp Salvadora persica toothbrush tree family nbsp Tovaria pendula stinkbush family nbsp Tropaeolum majus nasturtium family Setchellanthaceae is sometimes known as the azulita family 8 References edit a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG II PDF Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141 4 399 436 doi 10 1046 j 1095 8339 2003 t01 1 00158 x Archived PDF from the original on 2022 10 09 a b Jocelyn C Hall Kenneth J Sytsma amp Hugh H Iltis 2002 Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data American Journal of Botany 89 11 1826 1842 doi 10 3732 ajb 89 11 1826 PMID 21665611 a b Elspeth Haston James E Richardson Peter F Stevens Mark W Chase David J Harris 2007 A linear sequence of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II families Taxon 56 1 7 12 doi 10 2307 25065731 JSTOR 25065731 Edger Patrick P Hall Jocelyn C Harkess Alex Tang Michelle Coombs Jill Mohammadin Setareh Schranz M Eric Xiong Zhiyong Leebens Mack James Meyers Blake C Sytsma Kenneth J Koch Marcus A Al Shehbaz Ihsan A Pires J Chris 2018 Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and origin of novel chemical defenses American Journal of Botany 105 3 463 69 doi 10 1002 ajb2 1040 PMID 29574686 Swanepoel Wessel Chase Mark W Christenhusz Maarten J M Maurin Olivier Forest Felix van Wyk Abraham E 2020 From the frying pan an unusual dwarf shrub from Namibia turns out to be a new brassicalean family Phytotaxa 439 3 171 185 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 439 3 1 Jocelyn C Hall Hugh H Iltis amp Kenneth J Sytsma 2004 Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales placement of orphan genera Emblingia Forchhammeria Tirania and character evolution PDF Systematic Botany 29 3 654 669 doi 10 1600 0363644041744491 S2CID 86218316 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 04 01 Retrieved 2016 08 26 Christenhusz Maarten Fay Michael Francis Chase Mark Wayne 2017 Plants of the World An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants Chicago Illinois Kew Publishing and The University of Chicago Press pp 401 419 ISBN 978 0 226 52292 0 External links edit nbsp Media related to Brassicales at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brassicales amp oldid 1180450068, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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