Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species.[2] Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia, which contains many commercially valuable garden species.
Dilleniaceae
Temporal range: Early Paleogene – Recent (but see text) 52–0 Ma
The family is found in the tropics and subtropics plus all of Australia. Most of the members in it are woody plants - lianas or trees such as Dillenia - but herbaceous species such as Hibbertia are also present in Dilleniaceae. The leaves of the plants in the family are wide and well-developed, but in certain species of Hibbertia they are strongly modified. The flowers are mainly showy and colorful with visible reproductive components. Buzz pollination is common in the group.[3] Fruits of some species, such as Dillenia indica (elephant apple), are edible.
The position of the family in the phylogenetic tree and its classification among the other eudicots is uncertain.[4] Some studies suggested that Dilleniaceae may be sister to Rhabdodendraceae a clade that was thought to be sister to all the rest Caryophyllales. The caryophyllid Rhabdodendron and the members in the family with the questionable placement in fact share some morphological characteristics, but it has been found that Rhabdodendraceae is actually sister only to the core members of its order.
Another possible situation places Dilleniaceae as an ancient group, sister to the superrosidae clade (the family shares some common morphology with Vitales) but this is not absolutely proven.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, unplaced as to order, assigned to the clade core eudicots.
APG II debates either including it in order Caryophyllales or reinstating the order Dilleniales for just this one family, but decides to leave it unplaced.
Evolution
The family is remarkable because of its variability of morphological characteristics that now are much steadier in other Angiosperm groups. Thus, Dilleniaceae may be an ancient clade that expresses some phylogenetic relation between the higher Eudicots and the rather more primitive groups.[5] It is estimated that the clade diverged around 115 million years ago in the Mid Cretaceous, but the crown group was formed much later - only 52 million years before the present.[6]
References
^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
^Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
^Endress, Peter K. (1997). "Relationships between floral organization, architecture, and pollination mode in Dillenia (Dilleniaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 206 (1–4): 99–118. doi:10.1007/BF00987943. S2CID 23394517.
^Moore, M. J.; Soltis, P. S.; Bell, C. D.; Burleigh, J. G.; Soltis, D. E. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (10): 4623–4628. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907801107. PMC2842043. PMID 20176954.
^Horn, James W. (2009). "Phylogenetics of Dilleniaceae Using Sequence Data from Four Plastid Loci (rbcL, infA, rps4, rpl16 Intron)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 170 (6): 794–813. doi:10.1086/599239. S2CID 84857528.
Dilleniaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). : descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 3 May 2006. .
at the University of Hawaii
links at CSDL
Media related to Dilleniaceae at Wikimedia Commons
January 15, 2023
dilleniaceae, family, flowering, plants, with, genera, about, known, species, such, family, been, universally, recognized, taxonomists, known, gardeners, genus, hibbertia, which, contains, many, commercially, valuable, garden, species, temporal, range, early, . Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species 2 Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia which contains many commercially valuable garden species DilleniaceaeTemporal range Early Paleogene Recent but see text 52 0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NHibbertia stellarisScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsOrder DillenialesFamily DilleniaceaeSalisb 1 GeneraAPG II system recognizes the following genera Acrotrema Curatella Davilla Didesmandra Dillenia Doliocarpus Hibbertia Neodillenia Pinzona Schumacheria Tetracera Contents 1 Description and distribution 2 Taxonomy and phylogeny 3 Evolution 4 References 5 External linksDescription and distribution EditThe family is found in the tropics and subtropics plus all of Australia Most of the members in it are woody plants lianas or trees such as Dillenia but herbaceous species such as Hibbertia are also present in Dilleniaceae The leaves of the plants in the family are wide and well developed but in certain species of Hibbertia they are strongly modified The flowers are mainly showy and colorful with visible reproductive components Buzz pollination is common in the group 3 Fruits of some species such as Dillenia indica elephant apple are edible Taxonomy and phylogeny Edit Dillenia suffruticosa The position of the family in the phylogenetic tree and its classification among the other eudicots is uncertain 4 Some studies suggested that Dilleniaceae may be sister to Rhabdodendraceae a clade that was thought to be sister to all the rest Caryophyllales The caryophyllid Rhabdodendron and the members in the family with the questionable placement in fact share some morphological characteristics but it has been found that Rhabdodendraceae is actually sister only to the core members of its order Another possible situation places Dilleniaceae as an ancient group sister to the superrosidae clade the family shares some common morphology with Vitales but this is not absolutely proven The APG II system of 2003 unchanged from the APG system of 1998 also recognizes this family unplaced as to order assigned to the clade core eudicots APG II debates either including it in order Caryophyllales or reinstating the order Dilleniales for just this one family but decides to leave it unplaced Evolution EditThe family is remarkable because of its variability of morphological characteristics that now are much steadier in other Angiosperm groups Thus Dilleniaceae may be an ancient clade that expresses some phylogenetic relation between the higher Eudicots and the rather more primitive groups 5 It is estimated that the clade diverged around 115 million years ago in the Mid Cretaceous but the crown group was formed much later only 52 million years before the present 6 References Edit Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Christenhusz M J M Byng J W 2016 The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase Phytotaxa 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 Endress Peter K 1997 Relationships between floral organization architecture and pollination mode in Dillenia Dilleniaceae Plant Systematics and Evolution 206 1 4 99 118 doi 10 1007 BF00987943 S2CID 23394517 Moore M J Soltis P S Bell C D Burleigh J G Soltis D E 2010 Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 10 4623 4628 doi 10 1073 pnas 0907801107 PMC 2842043 PMID 20176954 Horn James W 2009 Phylogenetics of Dilleniaceae Using Sequence Data from Four Plastid Loci rbcL infA rps4 rpl16 Intron International Journal of Plant Sciences 170 6 794 813 doi 10 1086 599239 S2CID 84857528 Dilleniales External links EditDilleniaceae in L Watson and M J Dallwitz 1992 onwards The families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification information retrieval Version 3 May 2006 https web archive org web 20070103200438 http delta intkey com at the University of Hawaii links at CSDL Media related to Dilleniaceae at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dilleniaceae amp oldid 1077760030, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
