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Lamiales

October 03, 2023

The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants.[4][5] It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided into about 25 families.[4] These families include Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Byblidaceae, Calceolariaceae, Carlemanniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Linderniaceae, Martyniaceae, Mazaceae, Oleaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Peltantheraceae, Phrymaceae, Plantaginaceae, Plocospermataceae, Schlegeliaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Stilbaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Thomandersiaceae, Verbenaceae.[4]

Being one of the largest orders of flowering plants, Lamiales have representatives found all over the world. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.[6]

Description Edit

 
Example of Lamiales characteristics (shown on species Lavandula angustifolia)

Plant species within the order Lamiales are eudicots and are herbaceous or have woody stems.[5] Zygomorphic flowers are common in Lamiales, having five petals with an upper lip of two petals and lower lip of three petals, however actinomorphic flowers are also seen.[5][7] Plant species within the order Lamiales potentially have five stamens, but these are typically reduced to two or four.[5][7] Lamiales also produce a single style attached to an ovary typically containing two carpels.[8] The ovary in the Lamiales order is mostly observed to be superior.[9]  Lamiales inflorescence is typically seen as cyme, raceme or spike.[6]  Fruit type in Lamiales order is usually dehiscent capsules.[10]  Glandular hairs are present in Lamiales.[5]

Habitat Edit

The Lamiales order can be found in almost all kinds of habitats world-wide.[11] These habitats include forests, valleys, grasslands, rocky terrain, rainforests, the tropics, temperate regions, marshes, coastlines, and even frozen areas.[9][11][12]

Carnivore plants Edit

 
Carnivorous plant in the order Lamiales; Utricularia aurea

A number of species of carnivorous plants are found in the Lamiales, in the families Lentibulariaceae and Byblidaceae.[6] Protocarnivorous plant species have also been found in the order Lamiales, specifically in the families Martyniaceae.[6]

Parasitic plants Edit

 
Parasitic plant in the order Lamiales; Cordylanthus rigidus

Parasitic plant species are found in the order Lamiales, belonging to the family Orobanchaceae.[6] These parasitic plants can either be hemi-parasites or holoparasites.[6]

Uses Edit

The order Lamiales has a variety of species with anthropogenic uses, the most popular belonging to the Lamiaceae and Acanthaceae families.[12] Many of these species in the order Lamiales produce medicinal properties from alkaloids and saponins to help a variety of infections and diseases.[12] These alkaloids and saponins may help with digestion, the common cold or flu, asthma, liver infections, pulmonary infections and contain antioxidant properties.[12]

Plant species within the order Lamiales are also known to have properties to repel insects and help control harmful diseases from insects, such as Malaria from mosquitos.[13][12] The plant family Acanthaceae within the Lamiales order have bioactive secondary metabolites within their mature leaves, which have been found to be toxic to insect larvae.[13] Botanical derived insecticides are a good alternate for chemical or synthetic insecticides as it is inexpensive, abundant and safe for other plants, non-target organisms and the environment.[13]

Many species within the order Lamiales are also used as decorations, flavouring agents, cosmetics and fragrances.[12] Natural dyes can also be extracted from plant species within Lamiales.[12][14] For example, in Sardinia culture, the most common Lamiales plant species used for natural dyes is Lavandula stoechas, where a light-green dye is extracted from the stem.[14]

Taxonomy Edit

The Lamiales previously had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by Arthur Cronquist) that included the major families Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Verbenaceae, and Boraginaceae, plus a few smaller families. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Lamiales were in the superorder Lamiiflorae (also called Lamianae). Recent phylogenetic work has shown the Lamiales are polyphyletic with respect to order Scrophulariales and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders Hippuridales and Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of the Boraginaceae is unclear, but phylogenetic work shows this family does not belong in Lamiales.[citation needed]

Also, the circumscription of family Scrophulariaceae, formerly a paraphyletic group defined primarily by plesiomorphic characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived, has been radically altered to create a number of smaller, better-defined, and putatively monophyletic families.[15]

Dating Edit

Much research has been conducted in recent years regarding the dating the Lamiales lineage, although there still remains some ambiguity. A 2004 study, on the molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants, estimated 106 million years (MY) for the stem lineage of Lamiales.[16] A 2009 study on angiosperm diversification through time, concluded an inferred age of lower Eocene, ca. 50 MY, for Lamiales.[6]

References Edit

  1. ^ M. E. J. Chandler. 1964. The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England. IV. A summary and survey of findings in the light of recent botanical observations.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  3. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  4. ^ a b c Allaby, Michael, ed. (2019). A Dictionary of Plant Sciences (4 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198833338.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-883333-8.
  5. ^ a b c d e J. W. Kadereit, ed. (2004). Flowering plants, dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-40593-3. OCLC 53375899.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Schäferhoff, Bastian; Fleischmann, Andreas; Fischer, Eberhard; Albach, Dirk C; Borsch, Thomas; Heubl, Günther; Müller, Kai F (2010). "Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 352. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-352. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 2992528. PMID 21073690.
  7. ^ a b Endress, Peter K (February 2001). "Evolution of floral symmetry". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 4 (1): 86–91. doi:10.1016/S1369-5266(00)00140-0. PMID 11163173.
  8. ^ Westerkamp, Christian; Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine (2007-08-01). "Bilabiate Flowers: The Ultimate Response to Bees?". Annals of Botany. 100 (2): 361–374. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm123. ISSN 1095-8290. PMC 2735325. PMID 17652341.
  9. ^ a b Zhang, Caifei; Zhang, Taikui; Luebert, Federico; Xiang, Yezi; Huang, Chien-Hsun; Hu, Yi; Rees, Mathew; Frohlich, Michael W; Qi, Ji; Weigend, Maximilian; Ma, Hong (2020-11-01). Saitou, Naruya (ed.). "Asterid Phylogenomics/Phylotranscriptomics Uncover Morphological Evolutionary Histories and Support Phylogenetic Placement for Numerous Whole-Genome Duplications". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 37 (11): 3188–3210. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa160. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 32652014.
  10. ^ McDade, L. A.; Daniel, T. F.; Kiel, C. A. (2008-09-01). "Toward a comprehensive understanding of phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae s.l. (Lamiales)". American Journal of Botany. 95 (9): 1136–1152. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800096. ISSN 0002-9122. PMID 21632432.
  11. ^ a b Fonseca, Luiz Henrique M. (November 2021). "Combining molecular and geographical data to infer the phylogeny of Lamiales and its dispersal patterns in and out of the tropics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 164: 107287. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107287. PMID 34365014.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Sharma, Archna; Sharma, Alka; Kumar, Vijay; Kumar, Ashwini (2015). "Selected Medicinal Plants of Order Lamiales Used in Traditional Medicine". American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research. 3 (1) – via ResearchGate.
  13. ^ a b c Rawani, Anjali; Ghosh, Anupam; Chandra, Goutam (July 2014). "Mosquito larvicidal potential of four common medicinal plants of India". The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 140 (1): 102–108. ISSN 0975-9174. PMC 4181141. PMID 25222784.
  14. ^ a b Maxia, Andrea; Meli, Francesca; Gaviano, Carla; Picciau, Rosangela; De Martis, Bruno; Kasture, Sanjay; Kasture, Veene (2013). "Dye plants: Natural resources from traditional botanical knowledge of Sardinia Island, Italy". Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge: 651–656.
  15. ^ Schäferhoff, Bastian; Fleischmann, Andreas; Fischer, Eberhard; Albach, Dirk C; Borsch, Thomas; Heubl, Günther; Müller, Kai F (2010). "Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 352. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-352. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 2992528. PMID 21073690.
  16. ^ Bremer, K.; Friis, E. M.; Bremer, B. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants shows early Cretaceous diversification". Systematic Biology. 53 (3): 496–505. doi:10.1080/10635150490445913. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 15503676.

External links Edit

  • Lamiales
  • A parsimony analysis of the Asteridae sensu lato based on rbcL sequences
  • Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine (deals with relationships throughout Lamiales)
  • http://delta-intkey.com
  • 2002-09-06
  • 2002-09-06
  • 2002-09-06
  • 2002-09-06
  •   Media related to Lamiales at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Lamiales at Wikispecies

October 03, 2023
lamiales, order, also, known, mint, order, order, asterid, group, dicotyledonous, flowering, plants, includes, about, species, genera, divided, into, about, families, these, families, include, acanthaceae, bignoniaceae, byblidaceae, calceolariaceae, carlemanni. The order Lamiales also known as the mint order are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants 4 5 It includes about 23 810 species 1 059 genera and is divided into about 25 families 4 These families include Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Byblidaceae Calceolariaceae Carlemanniaceae Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae Lentibulariaceae Linderniaceae Martyniaceae Mazaceae Oleaceae Orobanchaceae Paulowniaceae Pedaliaceae Peltantheraceae Phrymaceae Plantaginaceae Plocospermataceae Schlegeliaceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Tetrachondraceae Thomandersiaceae Verbenaceae 4 LamialesTemporal range Ypresian Recent 1 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NGaleopsis speciosaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsClade LamiidsOrder LamialesBromhead 2 Families 3 Acanthaceae Bignoniaceae Byblidaceae Calceolariaceae Carlemanniaceae Gesneriaceae Lamiaceae Linderniaceae Lentibulariaceae Martyniaceae Mazaceae Oleaceae Orobanchaceae Paulowniaceae Pedaliaceae Phrymaceae Plantaginaceae Plocospermataceae Schlegeliaceae Scrophulariaceae Stilbaceae Tetrachondraceae Thomandersiaceae Verbenaceae This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Being one of the largest orders of flowering plants Lamiales have representatives found all over the world Well known or economically important members of this order include lavender lilac olive jasmine the ash tree teak snapdragon sesame psyllium garden sage and a number of table herbs such as mint basil and rosemary 6 Contents 1 Description 2 Habitat 3 Carnivore plants 4 Parasitic plants 5 Uses 6 Taxonomy 7 Dating 8 References 9 External linksDescription Edit nbsp Example of Lamiales characteristics shown on species Lavandula angustifolia Plant species within the order Lamiales are eudicots and are herbaceous or have woody stems 5 Zygomorphic flowers are common in Lamiales having five petals with an upper lip of two petals and lower lip of three petals however actinomorphic flowers are also seen 5 7 Plant species within the order Lamiales potentially have five stamens but these are typically reduced to two or four 5 7 Lamiales also produce a single style attached to an ovary typically containing two carpels 8 The ovary in the Lamiales order is mostly observed to be superior 9 Lamiales inflorescence is typically seen as cyme raceme or spike 6 Fruit type in Lamiales order is usually dehiscent capsules 10 Glandular hairs are present in Lamiales 5 Habitat EditThe Lamiales order can be found in almost all kinds of habitats world wide 11 These habitats include forests valleys grasslands rocky terrain rainforests the tropics temperate regions marshes coastlines and even frozen areas 9 11 12 Carnivore plants Edit nbsp Carnivorous plant in the order Lamiales Utricularia aureaA number of species of carnivorous plants are found in the Lamiales in the families Lentibulariaceae and Byblidaceae 6 Protocarnivorous plant species have also been found in the order Lamiales specifically in the families Martyniaceae 6 Parasitic plants Edit nbsp Parasitic plant in the order Lamiales Cordylanthus rigidusParasitic plant species are found in the order Lamiales belonging to the family Orobanchaceae 6 These parasitic plants can either be hemi parasites or holoparasites 6 Uses EditThe order Lamiales has a variety of species with anthropogenic uses the most popular belonging to the Lamiaceae and Acanthaceae families 12 Many of these species in the order Lamiales produce medicinal properties from alkaloids and saponins to help a variety of infections and diseases 12 These alkaloids and saponins may help with digestion the common cold or flu asthma liver infections pulmonary infections and contain antioxidant properties 12 Plant species within the order Lamiales are also known to have properties to repel insects and help control harmful diseases from insects such as Malaria from mosquitos 13 12 The plant family Acanthaceae within the Lamiales order have bioactive secondary metabolites within their mature leaves which have been found to be toxic to insect larvae 13 Botanical derived insecticides are a good alternate for chemical or synthetic insecticides as it is inexpensive abundant and safe for other plants non target organisms and the environment 13 Many species within the order Lamiales are also used as decorations flavouring agents cosmetics and fragrances 12 Natural dyes can also be extracted from plant species within Lamiales 12 14 For example in Sardinia culture the most common Lamiales plant species used for natural dyes is Lavandula stoechas where a light green dye is extracted from the stem 14 Taxonomy EditThe Lamiales previously had a restricted circumscription e g by Arthur Cronquist that included the major families Lamiaceae Labiatae Verbenaceae and Boraginaceae plus a few smaller families In the classification system of Dahlgren the Lamiales were in the superorder Lamiiflorae also called Lamianae Recent phylogenetic work has shown the Lamiales are polyphyletic with respect to order Scrophulariales and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders Hippuridales and Plantaginales Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group The placement of the Boraginaceae is unclear but phylogenetic work shows this family does not belong in Lamiales citation needed Also the circumscription of family Scrophulariaceae formerly a paraphyletic group defined primarily by plesiomorphic characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived has been radically altered to create a number of smaller better defined and putatively monophyletic families 15 Dating EditMuch research has been conducted in recent years regarding the dating the Lamiales lineage although there still remains some ambiguity A 2004 study on the molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants estimated 106 million years MY for the stem lineage of Lamiales 16 A 2009 study on angiosperm diversification through time concluded an inferred age of lower Eocene ca 50 MY for Lamiales 6 References Edit M E J Chandler 1964 The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England IV A summary and survey of findings in the light of recent botanical observations Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG IV Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 1 1 20 doi 10 1111 boj 12385 a b c Allaby Michael ed 2019 A Dictionary of Plant Sciences 4 ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 acref 9780198833338 001 0001 ISBN 978 0 19 883333 8 a b c d e J W Kadereit ed 2004 Flowering plants dicotyledons Lamiales except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae Berlin Springer ISBN 3 540 40593 3 OCLC 53375899 a b c d e f g Schaferhoff Bastian Fleischmann Andreas Fischer Eberhard Albach Dirk C Borsch Thomas Heubl Gunther Muller Kai F 2010 Towards resolving Lamiales relationships insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 1 352 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 10 352 ISSN 1471 2148 PMC 2992528 PMID 21073690 a b Endress Peter K February 2001 Evolution of floral symmetry Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4 1 86 91 doi 10 1016 S1369 5266 00 00140 0 PMID 11163173 Westerkamp Christian Classen Bockhoff Regine 2007 08 01 Bilabiate Flowers The Ultimate Response to Bees Annals of Botany 100 2 361 374 doi 10 1093 aob mcm123 ISSN 1095 8290 PMC 2735325 PMID 17652341 a b Zhang Caifei Zhang Taikui Luebert Federico Xiang Yezi Huang Chien Hsun Hu Yi Rees Mathew Frohlich Michael W Qi Ji Weigend Maximilian Ma Hong 2020 11 01 Saitou Naruya ed Asterid Phylogenomics Phylotranscriptomics Uncover Morphological Evolutionary Histories and Support Phylogenetic Placement for Numerous Whole Genome Duplications Molecular Biology and Evolution 37 11 3188 3210 doi 10 1093 molbev msaa160 ISSN 0737 4038 PMID 32652014 McDade L A Daniel T F Kiel C A 2008 09 01 Toward a comprehensive understanding of phylogenetic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae s l Lamiales American Journal of Botany 95 9 1136 1152 doi 10 3732 ajb 0800096 ISSN 0002 9122 PMID 21632432 a b Fonseca Luiz Henrique M November 2021 Combining molecular and geographical data to infer the phylogeny of Lamiales and its dispersal patterns in and out of the tropics Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 164 107287 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2021 107287 PMID 34365014 a b c d e f g Sharma Archna Sharma Alka Kumar Vijay Kumar Ashwini 2015 Selected Medicinal Plants of Order Lamiales Used in Traditional Medicine American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research 3 1 via ResearchGate a b c Rawani Anjali Ghosh Anupam Chandra Goutam July 2014 Mosquito larvicidal potential of four common medicinal plants of India The Indian Journal of Medical Research 140 1 102 108 ISSN 0975 9174 PMC 4181141 PMID 25222784 a b Maxia Andrea Meli Francesca Gaviano Carla Picciau Rosangela De Martis Bruno Kasture Sanjay Kasture Veene 2013 Dye plants Natural resources from traditional botanical knowledge of Sardinia Island Italy Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 651 656 Schaferhoff Bastian Fleischmann Andreas Fischer Eberhard Albach Dirk C Borsch Thomas Heubl Gunther Muller Kai F 2010 Towards resolving Lamiales relationships insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 1 352 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 10 352 ISSN 1471 2148 PMC 2992528 PMID 21073690 Bremer K Friis E M Bremer B 2004 Molecular phylogenetic dating of asterid flowering plants shows early Cretaceous diversification Systematic Biology 53 3 496 505 doi 10 1080 10635150490445913 ISSN 1063 5157 PMID 15503676 External links EditLamiales A parsimony analysis of the Asteridae sensu lato based on rbcL sequences Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae Archived 2007 03 10 at the Wayback Machine deals with relationships throughout Lamiales L Watson and M J Dallwitz 1992 onwards The families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification information retrieval http delta intkey com https web archive org web 20070609093942 http www biologie uni hamburg de b online vascular acanth htm 2002 09 06 https web archive org web 20070630151231 http www biologie uni hamburg de b online d52 52e htm 2002 09 06 https web archive org web 20070609093206 http www biologie uni hamburg de b online d52 52efam htm 2002 09 06 https web archive org web 20050914001131 http www science siu edu parasitic plants Relation Scroph html https web archive org web 20070311032641 http www rbgkew org uk web dbs genlist html 2002 09 06 nbsp Media related to Lamiales at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Lamiales at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lamiales amp oldid 1174437498, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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