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Sarraceniaceae

January 01, 1970

Sarraceniaceae are a family of pitcher plants, belonging to order Ericales (reassigned from Nepenthales).

Sarraceniaceae
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous? – recent
Heliamphora chimantensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sarraceniaceae
Dumort.
Genera

The family comprises three extant genera: Sarracenia (North American pitcher plants), Darlingtonia (the cobra lily or California pitcher plant), and Heliamphora (sun pitchers).[1][2] The extinct Archaeamphora longicervia may also belong to this family,[3] although later studies question that interpretation.[4] All three are carnivorous plants that lure insects with nectar and use their elongated, tube-shaped leaves filled with water and digestive enzymes to catch and consume them. Digestive enzymes are not always produced by the plants themselves. Digestive mutualisms are common in Sarraceniaceae: both Sarracenia and Darlingtonia rely on commensal bacteria to supplement or produce all of their enzymes.[5] Many species also use downward-pointing hairs and waxy secretions to make it difficult for insects to escape.

Sarracenia and Darlingtonia are native to North America, while Heliamphora is native to South America. Previous phylogenetic analysis suggests that the family originated in South America about 47 million years ago and spread to North America soon after, about 35 million years ago.[6] The Sarracenia and Heliamphora clade diverged from Darlingtonia around this time, most likely due to a cooling event at the beginning of the Oligocene.[6] Sarracenia diverged from Heliamphora later, around 23 million years ago.[6] However, recent study found that the divergence times in Sarraceniaceae could be much older.[7][8] The family could have originated about 88 million years ago during Late Cretaceous.[7][8] The Sarracenia and Heliamphora clade could have diverged from Darlingtonia around 54 million years ago during Early Eocene.[8] Sarracenia and Heliamphora could have split around 36 million years ago during Late Eocene.[8]

These plants grow in nutrient-poor, often acidic soil and use the insects as a nutritional supplement. As such, growth of carnivorous pitchers is plastic: as soil nitrogen increases, Sarracenia produces fewer pitchers.[9] The pitchers originate from a rhizome and die back during the winter dormancy. Plants of the genus Sarracenia occur mostly in Sphagnum bogs.

Most Sarraceniaceae have tall, narrow pitchers that are vertical or nearly so. Sarracenia purpurea, however, has short, squat, bulbous pitchers close to the ground, and Sarracenia psittacina has pitchers that grow horizontally.

The purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) is the official flower of Newfoundland and Labrador.

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarraceniaceae.
  1. ^ McPherson, S.; Schnell, D. (2011). Sarraceniaceae of North America. Poole: Redfern Natural History. ISBN 978-0-9558918-6-1.
  2. ^ McPherson, S.; Wistuba, A.; Fleischmann, A.; Nerz, J. (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America. Poole: Redfern Natural History. ISBN 9780955891878.
  3. ^ Li, H. (2005). "Early Cretaceous sarraceniacean-like pitcher plants from China". Acta Bot. Gallica. 152 (2): 227–234. Bibcode:2005AcBG..152..227L. doi:10.1080/12538078.2005.10515473. S2CID 85000922.
  4. ^ Wong, William Oki; Dilcher, David Leonard; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Sun, Ge; Fleischmann, Andreas (2015-05-07). "Early Cretaceous Archaeamphora is not a carnivorous angiosperm". Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 326. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00326. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 4423337. PMID 25999978.
  5. ^ Anderson, B.; Midgley, J.J. (2003). "Digestive mutualism, an alternate pathway in plant carnivory". Oikos. 102 (1): 221–4. Bibcode:2003Oikos.102..221A. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12478.x.
  6. ^ a b c d Ellison, A.M.; Butler, E.D.; Hicks, E.J.; Naczi, R.F.C.; Calie, P.J.; Bell, C.D.; Davis, C.C. (2012). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae". PLOS ONE. 7 (6): e39291. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...739291E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039291. PMC 3374786. PMID 22720090.
  7. ^ a b Magallón, Susana; Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Sánchez-Reyes, Luna L.; Hernández-Hernández, Tania (2015). "A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity". New Phytologist. 207 (2): 437–453. doi:10.1111/nph.13264. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 25615647. S2CID 21846569.
  8. ^ a b c d Liu, Sukuan; Smith, Stacey D. (2021-01-01). "Phylogeny and biogeography of South American marsh pitcher plant genus Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae) endemic to the Guiana Highlands" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 154: 106961. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106961. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 32956799. S2CID 221844433.
  9. ^ Ellison, A.M.; Gotelli, N.J. (2002). "Nitrogen availability alters the expression of carnivory in the northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (7): 4409–12. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.4409E. doi:10.1073/pnas.022057199. PMC 123661. PMID 11904363.

January 01, 1970
sarraceniaceae, family, pitcher, plants, belonging, order, ericales, reassigned, from, nepenthales, temporal, range, late, cretaceous, recent, heliamphora, chimantensis, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, clade, angiosperms, cl. Sarraceniaceae are a family of pitcher plants belonging to order Ericales reassigned from Nepenthales SarraceniaceaeTemporal range Late Cretaceous recent Heliamphora chimantensis Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Asterids Order Ericales Family SarraceniaceaeDumort Genera ArchaeamphoraDarlingtoniaHeliamphoraSarracenia The family comprises three extant genera Sarracenia North American pitcher plants Darlingtonia the cobra lily or California pitcher plant and Heliamphora sun pitchers 1 2 The extinct Archaeamphora longicervia may also belong to this family 3 although later studies question that interpretation 4 All three are carnivorous plants that lure insects with nectar and use their elongated tube shaped leaves filled with water and digestive enzymes to catch and consume them Digestive enzymes are not always produced by the plants themselves Digestive mutualisms are common in Sarraceniaceae both Sarracenia and Darlingtonia rely on commensal bacteria to supplement or produce all of their enzymes 5 Many species also use downward pointing hairs and waxy secretions to make it difficult for insects to escape Sarracenia and Darlingtonia are native to North America while Heliamphora is native to South America Previous phylogenetic analysis suggests that the family originated in South America about 47 million years ago and spread to North America soon after about 35 million years ago 6 The Sarracenia and Heliamphora clade diverged from Darlingtonia around this time most likely due to a cooling event at the beginning of the Oligocene 6 Sarracenia diverged from Heliamphora later around 23 million years ago 6 However recent study found that the divergence times in Sarraceniaceae could be much older 7 8 The family could have originated about 88 million years ago during Late Cretaceous 7 8 The Sarracenia and Heliamphora clade could have diverged from Darlingtonia around 54 million years ago during Early Eocene 8 Sarracenia and Heliamphora could have split around 36 million years ago during Late Eocene 8 These plants grow in nutrient poor often acidic soil and use the insects as a nutritional supplement As such growth of carnivorous pitchers is plastic as soil nitrogen increases Sarracenia produces fewer pitchers 9 The pitchers originate from a rhizome and die back during the winter dormancy Plants of the genus Sarracenia occur mostly in Sphagnum bogs Most Sarraceniaceae have tall narrow pitchers that are vertical or nearly so Sarracenia purpurea however has short squat bulbous pitchers close to the ground and Sarracenia psittacina has pitchers that grow horizontally The purple pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea is the official flower of Newfoundland and Labrador Heliamphora Darlingtonia californica Sarracenia Lebia grandis trapped by Sarracenia purpurea Dicyrtomina minuta Collembola trapped by Sarracenia purpurea Moth Idia lubricalis in Sarracenia purpurea Combined nuclear plastid and mitochondrial phylogeny of Sarraceniaceae 6 Sarraceniaceae chronogram based on combined dataReferences edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarraceniaceae McPherson S Schnell D 2011 Sarraceniaceae of North America Poole Redfern Natural History ISBN 978 0 9558918 6 1 McPherson S Wistuba A Fleischmann A Nerz J 2011 Sarraceniaceae of South America Poole Redfern Natural History ISBN 9780955891878 Li H 2005 Early Cretaceous sarraceniacean like pitcher plants from China Acta Bot Gallica 152 2 227 234 Bibcode 2005AcBG 152 227L doi 10 1080 12538078 2005 10515473 S2CID 85000922 Wong William Oki Dilcher David Leonard Labandeira Conrad C Sun Ge Fleischmann Andreas 2015 05 07 Early Cretaceous Archaeamphora is not a carnivorous angiosperm Frontiers in Plant Science 6 326 doi 10 3389 fpls 2015 00326 ISSN 1664 462X PMC 4423337 PMID 25999978 Anderson B Midgley J J 2003 Digestive mutualism an alternate pathway in plant carnivory Oikos 102 1 221 4 Bibcode 2003Oikos 102 221A doi 10 1034 j 1600 0706 2003 12478 x a b c d Ellison A M Butler E D Hicks E J Naczi R F C Calie P J Bell C D Davis C C 2012 Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Sarraceniaceae PLOS ONE 7 6 e39291 Bibcode 2012PLoSO 739291E doi 10 1371 journal pone 0039291 PMC 3374786 PMID 22720090 a b Magallon Susana Gomez Acevedo Sandra Sanchez Reyes Luna L Hernandez Hernandez Tania 2015 A metacalibrated time tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity New Phytologist 207 2 437 453 doi 10 1111 nph 13264 ISSN 1469 8137 PMID 25615647 S2CID 21846569 a b c d Liu Sukuan Smith Stacey D 2021 01 01 Phylogeny and biogeography of South American marsh pitcher plant genus Heliamphora Sarraceniaceae endemic to the Guiana Highlands PDF Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 154 106961 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2020 106961 ISSN 1055 7903 PMID 32956799 S2CID 221844433 Ellison A M Gotelli N J 2002 Nitrogen availability alters the expression of carnivory in the northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 7 4409 12 Bibcode 2002PNAS 99 4409E doi 10 1073 pnas 022057199 PMC 123661 PMID 11904363 Watson L Dallwitz M J 1992 2019 Sarraceniaceae The families of flowering plants D Amato Peter 1998 The Savage Garden Cultivating Carnivorous Plants Berkeley ISBN 0 89815 915 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sarraceniaceae amp oldid 1221087798, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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