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Anacardiaceae

January 26, 2023

The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family[1] or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species.[2] Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce urushiol, an irritant. The Anacardiaceae include numerous genera, several of which are economically important, notably cashew (in the type genus Anacardium), mango, Chinese lacquer tree, yellow mombin, Peruvian pepper, poison ivy, poison oak, sumac, smoke tree, marula and cuachalalate. The genus Pistacia (which includes the pistachio and mastic tree) is now included, but was previously placed in its own family, the Pistaciaceae.[3]

Anacardiaceae
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
(R.Br.) Lindl.
Subfamilies

Description

 
Lannea grandis in Banten, Indonesia

Trees or shrubs, each has inconspicuous flowers and resinous or milky sap that may be highly poisonous, as in black poisonwood and sometimes foul-smelling.[4]Resin canals located in the inner fibrous bark of the fibrovascular system found in the plant's stems, roots, and leaves are characteristic of all members of this family; resin canals located in the pith are characteristic of many of the cashew family species and several species have them located in the primary cortex or the regular bark. Tannin sacs are also widespread among the family.[5]

The wood of the Anacardiaceae has the frequent occurrence of simple small holes in the vessels, occasionally in some species side by side with scalariform holes (in Campnosperma, Micronychia, and Heeria argentea (Anaphrenium argenteum). The simple pits are located along the vessel wall and in contact with the parenchyma.[5]

Leaves are deciduous or evergreen, usually alternate (rarely opposite),[6] estipulate (without stipule) and imparipinnate (rarely paripinnate or bipinnate), usually with opposite leaflets (rarely alternate), while others are trifoliolate or simple or unifoliolate (very rarely simple leaves are palmate). Leaf architecture is very diverse. Primary venation is pinnate (rarely palmate). Secondary venation is eucamptodromous, brochidodromous, craspedodromous or cladodromous (rarely reticulodromous) Cladodromous venation, if present is considered diagnostic for Anacardiaceae.[4][7]

Flowers grow at the end of a branch or stem or at an angle from where the leaf joins the stem and have bracts.[4] Often with this family, bisexual and male flowers occur on some plants, and bisexual and female flowers are on others, or flowers have both stamens and pistils (perfect). A calyx with three to seven cleft sepals and the same number of petals, occasionally no petals, overlap each other in the bud. Stamens are twice as many or equal to the number of petals, inserted at the base of the[6] fleshy ring or cup-shaped disk, and inserted below the pistil(s).[4] Stamen stalks are separate, and anthers are able to move.[6] Flowers have the ovary free, but the petals and stamen are borne on the calyx.[4] In the stamenate flowers, ovaries are single-celled. In the pistillate flowers, ovaries are single or sometimes quadri- or quinticelled. One to three styles and one ovule occur in each cavity.[6]

Fruits rarely open at maturity[4] and are most often drupes.[6]

Seed coats are very thin or are crust-like. Little or no endosperm is present. Cotyledons are fleshy.[6] Seeds are solitary with no albumen around the embryo.[4]

Taxonomy

History

In 1759, Bernard de Jussieu arranged the plants in the royal garden of the Trianon at Versailles, according to his own scheme. That classification included a description of an order called the Terebintaceæ, which contained a suborder that included Cassuvium (Anacardium), Anacardium (Semecarpus), Mangifera, Connarus, Rhus, and Rourea. In 1789, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, nephew of Bernard de Jussieu, published that classification scheme.[8]

Robert Brown described a subset of the Terebintaceae called Cassuvlæ or Anacardeæ in 1818, using the herbarium that was collected by Christen Smith during a fated expedition headed by James Hingston Tuckey to explore the River Congo. The name and genera were based on the order with the same name that had been described by de Jussieu in 1759. The herbarium from that expedition contained only one genus from the family, Rhus.[9]

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1824, used Robert Brown's name Cassuvlæ or Anacardeæ, wrote another description of the group, and filled it with the genera Anacardium, Semecarpus, Holigarna, Mangifera, Buchanania, Pistacia, Astronium, Comocladia, and Picramnia.[10]

John Lindley described the "essential character" of the Anacardiaceæ, the "Cashew Tribe" in 1831, adopting the order that was described by de Jussieu, but abandoning the name Terebintaceæ. He includes the genera that were found in de Candolle's Anacardieæ and Sumachineæ: Anacardium, Holigarna, Mangifera, Rhus, and Mauria.[4]

Phylogeny

The genus Pistacia has sometimes been separated into its own family, the Pistaciaceae, based on the reduced flower structure, differences in pollen, and the feathery style of the flowers.[3]The nature of its ovary, though, does suggest it belongs in the Anacardiaceae, a position supported by morphological and molecular studies, and recent classifications have included Pistacia in the Anacardiaceae.[3][11][12] The genus Abrahamia was separated from Protorhus in 2004.(Pell 2004)

Subdivision

The family has been treated as a series of five tribes by Engler, and later into subfamilies by Takhtajan, as Anacardioideae (including tribes Anacardieae, Dobineae, Rhoideae, and Semecarpeae) and Spondiadoideae (including tribe Spondiadeae). Pell's (2008) molecular analysis reinstated the two subfamilies without further division into tribes (Pell 2004). Later, Min and Barfod, in the Flora of China (2008) reinstated the five tribes (four in Anacardioideae), and the single tribe Spondiadeae as Spondiadoideae.

Selected genera

Ecology

The cashew family is more abundant in warm or tropical regions with only a few species living in the temperate zones.[6] Mostly native to tropical Americas, Africa and India. Pistacia and some species of Rhus can be found in southern Europe, Rhus species can be found in much of North America and Schinus inhabits South America exclusively.[4]

Uses

Members of this family produce cashew and pistachio nuts, and mango and marula fruits.[4]

Some members[which?] produce a viscous or adhesive fluid which turns black and is used as a varnish or for tanning and even as a mordant for red dyes.[4] The sap of Toxicodendron vernicifluum is used to make lacquer for lacquerware and similar products.

Etymology

The name Anacardium, originally from the Greek, refers to the nut, core or heart of the fruit, which is outwardly located: ana means "upward" and -cardium means "heart").

References

  1. ^ (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 351. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  3. ^ a b c Tingshuang Yi; Jun Wen; Avi Golan-Goldhirsh; Dan E. Parfitt (2008). "Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia (Anacardiaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 95 (2): 241–251. doi:10.3732/ajb.95.2.241. PMID 21632348.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Natural System of Botany (1831), pages 125-127
  5. ^ a b Systematic Anatomy, (1908), page 244-248
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Northern United States (1897), page 25 21 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Pell et al 2011.
  8. ^ Genera plantarum (1789) pages 368-369 18 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Expedition... (1818) Appendix V, pages 430-431 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Prodromus Systematis Naturalis (1824), pages 62-66 21 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Pistaciaceae Martinov 29 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine, GRIN Taxonomy for Plants, accessed 28 March 2010
  12. ^ James L. Reveal, USDA - APHIS -- Concordance of Family Names 6 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, last revised 25 October 2006

Bibliography

  • Aguilar-Ortigoza, Carlos; Sosa, Victoria; Angeles, Guillermo (April 2004). "Phylogenetic relationships of three genera in Anacardiaceae: Bonetiella, Pseudosmodingium, and Smodingium". Brittonia. 56 (2): 169–184. doi:10.1663/0007-196X(2004)056[0169:PROTGI]2.0.CO;2.
  • Andrés-Hernández, A. R.; Terrazas, Teresa (October 2009). "Leaf architecture of Rhus s.str. (Anacardiaceae)". Feddes Repertorium. 120 (5–6): 293–306. doi:10.1002/fedr.200911109. from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  • Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Brown, Hon. Addison (1897). An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102D Meridian. Vol. II, Portulacaceae to Menyanthaceae. Charles Scribner's Sons. from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  • Brown, F.R.S., Robert; Tuckey, James Hingston; Christen, Smith (1818). "Observations, Systematical and Geographical, on Professor Christian Smith's Collection of Plants from the Vicinity of the River Congo". Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire Usually Called the Congo, in South Africa, in 1816, Under the Direction of Captain J.H. Tuckey, R.N., to Which is Added, the Journals of Professor Smith; Some General Observations on the Country and Its Inhabitants; and an Appendix: Containing the Natural History of That Part of the Kingdom Congo Through Which the Zaire Flows. London: John Murray. from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  • Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de; Candolle, Alphonse de (1825). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis: sive enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars Secunda (in Latin). Paris: Sumptibus Victoris Masson. from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
  • Jussieu, Bernard de (1789). Genera plantarum :secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV (in Latin). Paris: Apud Viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois. from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  • Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (2011). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. x. Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7. from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  • Kunth, C. S. (1824). "Terebintacearum Genera: denuo ad examen revocare, characteribus magis accuratis distinguere, inque spetem familias, distribuere conatus est". Annales des Sciences Naturelles (in French). Paris: Chez Bechet Jeune. Tome Second. from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  • Lindley, F.R.S., John; Torrey, M.D., John (1831). An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany: or A Systematic View of the Organization, Natural Affinities, and Geographical Distribution of the Whole Vegetable Kingdom; Together with the Uses of the Most Important Species in Medicine, the Arts and Rural or Domestic Economy (First American ed.). New York: G. & C. & H. Carvill. from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
  • Mitchell, John D.; Daly, Douglas C. (5 August 2015). "A revision of Spondias L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Neotropics". PhytoKeys (55): 1–92. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.55.8489. PMC 4547026. PMID 26312044.
  • Moffett, R.O. (2007). "Name changes in the Old World Rhus and recognition of Searsia (Anacardiaceae". Bothalia. 37 (2): 165–175. doi:10.4102/abc.v37i2.311. from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  • Müller, Hermann; Knuth, Dr. Paul; Davis, James Richard Ainsworth (1908). "XXXII. Order Anacardiaceae". Handbook of Flower Pollination Based Upon Hermann Müller's Work 'The Fertilisation of Flowers by Insects'. Vol. II, Ranunculaceae to Stylidieae. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 258–259. from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  • Pell, Susan Katherine (May 2004). (PDF). Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University. Archived from the original (PhD thesis) on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  • Pell, Susan K.; Mitchell, John D.; Lowry, Porter P.; Randrianasolo, Armand; Urbatsch, Lowell E. (1 April 2008). "Phylogenetic Split of Malagasy and African Taxa of Protorhus and Rhus (Anacardiaceae) Based on cpDNA trnL–trnF and nrDNA ETS and ITS Sequence Data". Systematic Botany. 33 (2): 375–383. doi:10.1600/036364408784571545. S2CID 86329117.
  • Pell, SK; Mitchell, JD; Miller, AJ; Lobova, TA (10 December 2010). Anacardiaceae R.Br. (1818). pp. 7–50. ISBN 9783642143977. from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2017., in Kubitzki (2011)
  • Solereder, Hans; Scott, D. H. (1908). Systematic Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, A Handbook for Laboratories of Pure and Applied Botany. Vol. I, Introduction, Polypetalae, Gamopetalae. trans. Leonard A. Boodle, Felix Eugene Fritsch. Oxford: Clarendon Press. from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
  • Turpin, Pierre Jean François; Jussieu, Antoine-Laurent de (1828). "Térébintacées". Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, Dans Lequel on Traite Méthodiquement des Différens Êtres de la Nature, Considérés Soit en Eux-Mêmes, d'Aprés l'État Actuel de nos Connoissances, soit Relativement à l'Utilité Qu'en Peuvent Retirer la Médecine, l'Agriculture, le Commerce et les Arts (in French). Vol. 53. Strasbourg: G. Levrault. pp. 120–126. Retrieved 11 April 2009.

External links

 
Wikispecies has information related to Anacardiaceae.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anacardiaceae.
  • Tree of Life: Anacardiaceae
  • Anacardiaceae in Topwalks
  • in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
  • Family Anacardiaceae - Flowers in Israel
  • Anacardiaceae of Chile, by Chileflora
  • Anacardiaceae in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
  • Anacardiaceae at Flickr
  • Tianlu Min & Anders Barfod. Anacardiaceae at Flora of China, 2008
    • pdf

January 26, 2023
anacardiaceae, commonly, known, cashew, family, sumac, family, family, flowering, plants, including, about, genera, with, about, known, species, members, bear, fruits, that, drupes, some, cases, produce, urushiol, irritant, include, numerous, genera, several, . The Anacardiaceae commonly known as the cashew family 1 or sumac family are a family of flowering plants including about 83 genera with about 860 known species 2 Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce urushiol an irritant The Anacardiaceae include numerous genera several of which are economically important notably cashew in the type genus Anacardium mango Chinese lacquer tree yellow mombin Peruvian pepper poison ivy poison oak sumac smoke tree marula and cuachalalate The genus Pistacia which includes the pistachio and mastic tree is now included but was previously placed in its own family the Pistaciaceae 3 AnacardiaceaeCashew Anacardium occidentale Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder SapindalesFamily Anacardiaceae R Br Lindl SubfamiliesAnacardioideae Spondiadoideae Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 History 2 2 Phylogeny 2 3 Subdivision 2 4 Selected genera 3 Ecology 4 Uses 5 Etymology 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksDescription Edit Lannea grandis in Banten Indonesia Trees or shrubs each has inconspicuous flowers and resinous or milky sap that may be highly poisonous as in black poisonwood and sometimes foul smelling 4 Resin canals located in the inner fibrous bark of the fibrovascular system found in the plant s stems roots and leaves are characteristic of all members of this family resin canals located in the pith are characteristic of many of the cashew family species and several species have them located in the primary cortex or the regular bark Tannin sacs are also widespread among the family 5 The wood of the Anacardiaceae has the frequent occurrence of simple small holes in the vessels occasionally in some species side by side with scalariform holes in Campnosperma Micronychia and Heeria argentea Anaphrenium argenteum The simple pits are located along the vessel wall and in contact with the parenchyma 5 Leaves are deciduous or evergreen usually alternate rarely opposite 6 estipulate without stipule and imparipinnate rarely paripinnate or bipinnate usually with opposite leaflets rarely alternate while others are trifoliolate or simple or unifoliolate very rarely simple leaves are palmate Leaf architecture is very diverse Primary venation is pinnate rarely palmate Secondary venation is eucamptodromous brochidodromous craspedodromous or cladodromous rarely reticulodromous Cladodromous venation if present is considered diagnostic for Anacardiaceae 4 7 Flowers grow at the end of a branch or stem or at an angle from where the leaf joins the stem and have bracts 4 Often with this family bisexual and male flowers occur on some plants and bisexual and female flowers are on others or flowers have both stamens and pistils perfect A calyx with three to seven cleft sepals and the same number of petals occasionally no petals overlap each other in the bud Stamens are twice as many or equal to the number of petals inserted at the base of the 6 fleshy ring or cup shaped disk and inserted below the pistil s 4 Stamen stalks are separate and anthers are able to move 6 Flowers have the ovary free but the petals and stamen are borne on the calyx 4 In the stamenate flowers ovaries are single celled In the pistillate flowers ovaries are single or sometimes quadri or quinticelled One to three styles and one ovule occur in each cavity 6 Fruits rarely open at maturity 4 and are most often drupes 6 Seed coats are very thin or are crust like Little or no endosperm is present Cotyledons are fleshy 6 Seeds are solitary with no albumen around the embryo 4 Taxonomy EditHistory Edit In 1759 Bernard de Jussieu arranged the plants in the royal garden of the Trianon at Versailles according to his own scheme That classification included a description of an order called the Terebintaceae which contained a suborder that included Cassuvium Anacardium Anacardium Semecarpus Mangifera Connarus Rhus and Rourea In 1789 Antoine Laurent de Jussieu nephew of Bernard de Jussieu published that classification scheme 8 Robert Brown described a subset of the Terebintaceae called Cassuvlae or Anacardeae in 1818 using the herbarium that was collected by Christen Smith during a fated expedition headed by James Hingston Tuckey to explore the River Congo The name and genera were based on the order with the same name that had been described by de Jussieu in 1759 The herbarium from that expedition contained only one genus from the family Rhus 9 Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1824 used Robert Brown s name Cassuvlae or Anacardeae wrote another description of the group and filled it with the genera Anacardium Semecarpus Holigarna Mangifera Buchanania Pistacia Astronium Comocladia and Picramnia 10 John Lindley described the essential character of the Anacardiaceae the Cashew Tribe in 1831 adopting the order that was described by de Jussieu but abandoning the name Terebintaceae He includes the genera that were found in de Candolle s Anacardieae and Sumachineae Anacardium Holigarna Mangifera Rhus and Mauria 4 Phylogeny Edit The genus Pistacia has sometimes been separated into its own family the Pistaciaceae based on the reduced flower structure differences in pollen and the feathery style of the flowers 3 The nature of its ovary though does suggest it belongs in the Anacardiaceae a position supported by morphological and molecular studies and recent classifications have included Pistacia in the Anacardiaceae 3 11 12 The genus Abrahamia was separated from Protorhus in 2004 Pell 2004 Subdivision Edit The family has been treated as a series of five tribes by Engler and later into subfamilies by Takhtajan as Anacardioideae including tribes Anacardieae Dobineae Rhoideae and Semecarpeae and Spondiadoideae including tribe Spondiadeae Pell s 2008 molecular analysis reinstated the two subfamilies without further division into tribes Pell 2004 Later Min and Barfod in the Flora of China 2008 reinstated the five tribes four in Anacardioideae and the single tribe Spondiadeae as Spondiadoideae Selected genera Edit AbrahamiaActinocheitaAllospondiasAmphipterygiumAnacardium cashew AndrotiumAntrocaryonAttilaeaBaroniaBlepharocaryaBonetiellaBoueaBuchananiaCampnospermaCampylopetalumCardenasiodendronChoerospondiasComocladiaCotinus smoke tree CyrtocarpaDobineaDracontomelonDrimycarpusEuroschinusFaguetiaFegimanraGlutaHaematostaphisHaplorhusHarpephyllumHeeriaHoligarnaKoordersiodendronLanneaLaurophyllusLithraeaLoxopterygiumLoxostylisMalosmaMangifera mango MauriaMelanochylaMelanococcaMetopiumMicronychiaMosquitoxylumMyracrodruonNothopegiaOchoterenaeaOperculicaryaOrthopterygiumOzoroaPachycormusParishiaPegiaPentaspadonPistacia pistachio PleiogyniumPoupartiaPoupartiopsisProtorhusPseudosmodingiumPseudospondiasRhodosphaeraRhus sumac SchinopsisSchinus peppertree SclerocaryaSearsiaSemecarpusSmodingiumSolenocarpusSorindeiaSpondiasSwintoniaTapiriraThyrsodiumToxicodendron poison ivy poison oak poison sumac TrichoscyphaEcology EditThe cashew family is more abundant in warm or tropical regions with only a few species living in the temperate zones 6 Mostly native to tropical Americas Africa and India Pistacia and some species of Rhus can be found in southern Europe Rhus species can be found in much of North America and Schinus inhabits South America exclusively 4 Uses EditMembers of this family produce cashew and pistachio nuts and mango and marula fruits 4 Some members which produce a viscous or adhesive fluid which turns black and is used as a varnish or for tanning and even as a mordant for red dyes 4 The sap of Toxicodendron vernicifluum is used to make lacquer for lacquerware and similar products Etymology EditThe name Anacardium originally from the Greek refers to the nut core or heart of the fruit which is outwardly located ana means upward and cardium means heart References Edit English Names for Korean Native Plants PDF Pocheon Korea National Arboretum 2015 p 351 ISBN 978 89 97450 98 5 Archived from the original PDF on 25 May 2017 Retrieved 25 January 2016 via Korea Forest Service Christenhusz M J M amp Byng J W 2016 The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase Phytotaxa Magnolia Press 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 Archived from the original on 29 July 2016 Retrieved 14 July 2016 a b c Tingshuang Yi Jun Wen Avi Golan Goldhirsh Dan E Parfitt 2008 Phylogenetics and reticulate evolution in Pistacia Anacardiaceae American Journal of Botany 95 2 241 251 doi 10 3732 ajb 95 2 241 PMID 21632348 a b c d e f g h i j k Natural System of Botany 1831 pages 125 127 a b Systematic Anatomy 1908 page 244 248 a b c d e f g Northern United States 1897 page 25 Archived 21 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Pell et al 2011 Genera plantarum 1789 pages 368 369 Archived 18 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Expedition 1818 Appendix V pages 430 431 Archived 13 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Prodromus Systematis Naturalis 1824 pages 62 66 Archived 21 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Pistaciaceae Martinov Archived 29 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine GRIN Taxonomy for Plants accessed 28 March 2010 James L Reveal USDA APHIS Concordance of Family Names Archived 6 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine last revised 25 October 2006Bibliography EditAguilar Ortigoza Carlos Sosa Victoria Angeles Guillermo April 2004 Phylogenetic relationships of three genera in Anacardiaceae Bonetiella Pseudosmodingium and Smodingium Brittonia 56 2 169 184 doi 10 1663 0007 196X 2004 056 0169 PROTGI 2 0 CO 2 Andres Hernandez A R Terrazas Teresa October 2009 Leaf architecture of Rhus s str Anacardiaceae Feddes Repertorium 120 5 6 293 306 doi 10 1002 fedr 200911109 Archived from the original on 17 July 2021 Retrieved 6 October 2020 Britton Nathaniel Lord Brown Hon Addison 1897 An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102D Meridian Vol II Portulacaceae to Menyanthaceae Charles Scribner s Sons Archived from the original on 20 February 2017 Retrieved 11 April 2009 Brown F R S Robert Tuckey James Hingston Christen Smith 1818 Observations Systematical and Geographical on Professor Christian Smith s Collection of Plants from the Vicinity of the River Congo Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire Usually Called the Congo in South Africa in 1816 Under the Direction of Captain J H Tuckey R N to Which is Added the Journals of Professor Smith Some General Observations on the Country and Its Inhabitants and an Appendix Containing the Natural History of That Part of the Kingdom Congo Through Which the Zaire Flows London John Murray Archived from the original on 12 October 2013 Retrieved 9 April 2009 Candolle Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Alphonse de 1825 Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta Pars Secunda in Latin Paris Sumptibus Victoris Masson Archived from the original on 21 February 2017 Retrieved 3 April 2009 Jussieu Bernard de 1789 Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam anno M DCC LXXIV in Latin Paris Apud Viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois Archived from the original on 18 April 2009 Retrieved 10 April 2009 Kubitzki Klaus ed 2011 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol x Flowering Plants Eudicots Sapindales Cucurbitales Myrtaceae Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 978 3 642 14397 7 Archived from the original on 21 February 2017 Retrieved 20 February 2017 Kunth C S 1824 Terebintacearum Genera denuo ad examen revocare characteribus magis accuratis distinguere inque spetem familias distribuere conatus est Annales des Sciences Naturelles in French Paris Chez Bechet Jeune Tome Second Archived from the original on 16 April 2009 Retrieved 11 April 2009 Lindley F R S John Torrey M D John 1831 An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany or A Systematic View of the Organization Natural Affinities and Geographical Distribution of the Whole Vegetable Kingdom Together with the Uses of the Most Important Species in Medicine the Arts and Rural or Domestic Economy First American ed New York G amp C amp H Carvill Archived from the original on 12 October 2013 Retrieved 10 April 2009 Mitchell John D Daly Douglas C 5 August 2015 A revision of Spondias L Anacardiaceae in the Neotropics PhytoKeys 55 1 92 doi 10 3897 phytokeys 55 8489 PMC 4547026 PMID 26312044 Moffett R O 2007 Name changes in the Old World Rhus and recognition of Searsia Anacardiaceae Bothalia 37 2 165 175 doi 10 4102 abc v37i2 311 Archived from the original on 21 February 2017 Retrieved 20 February 2017 Muller Hermann Knuth Dr Paul Davis James Richard Ainsworth 1908 XXXII Order Anacardiaceae Handbook of Flower Pollination Based Upon Hermann Muller s Work The Fertilisation of Flowers by Insects Vol II Ranunculaceae to Stylidieae Oxford Clarendon Press pp 258 259 Archived from the original on 20 February 2017 Retrieved 11 April 2009 Pell Susan Katherine May 2004 Molecular systematics of the cashew family Anacardiaceae PDF Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Archived from the original PhD thesis on 21 August 2008 Retrieved 20 February 2017 Pell Susan K Mitchell John D Lowry Porter P Randrianasolo Armand Urbatsch Lowell E 1 April 2008 Phylogenetic Split of Malagasy and African Taxa of Protorhus and Rhus Anacardiaceae Based on cpDNA trnL trnF and nrDNA ETS and ITS Sequence Data Systematic Botany 33 2 375 383 doi 10 1600 036364408784571545 S2CID 86329117 Pell SK Mitchell JD Miller AJ Lobova TA 10 December 2010 Anacardiaceae R Br 1818 pp 7 50 ISBN 9783642143977 Archived from the original on 21 February 2017 Retrieved 20 February 2017 in Kubitzki 2011 Solereder Hans Scott D H 1908 Systematic Anatomy of the Dicotyledons A Handbook for Laboratories of Pure and Applied Botany Vol I Introduction Polypetalae Gamopetalae trans Leonard A Boodle Felix Eugene Fritsch Oxford Clarendon Press Archived from the original on 20 February 2017 Retrieved 11 April 2009 Turpin Pierre Jean Francois Jussieu Antoine Laurent de 1828 Terebintacees Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles Dans Lequel on Traite Methodiquement des Differens Etres de la Nature Consideres Soit en Eux Memes d Apres l Etat Actuel de nos Connoissances soit Relativement a l Utilite Qu en Peuvent Retirer la Medecine l Agriculture le Commerce et les Arts in French Vol 53 Strasbourg G Levrault pp 120 126 Retrieved 11 April 2009 External links Edit Wikispecies has information related to Anacardiaceae Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anacardiaceae Tree of Life Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae research Anacardiaceae in Topwalks Anacardiaceae in L Watson and M J Dallwitz 1992 onwards The families of flowering plants Family Anacardiaceae Flowers in Israel Anacardiaceae of Chile by Chileflora Anacardiaceae in BoDD Botanical Dermatology Database Anacardiaceae at Flickr Tianlu Min amp Anders Barfod Anacardiaceae at Flora of China 2008 pdf Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anacardiaceae amp oldid 1133062406, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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