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Lamiaceae

January 10, 2024

The Lamiaceae (/ˌleɪmiˈeɪsiːˌiː, -iˌaɪ/ LAY-mee-AY-see-ee, -⁠eye)[3] or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as other medicinal herbs such as catnip, salvia, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort. Some species are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation, since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings.[citation needed] Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage. Others are grown for seed, such as Salvia hispanica (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as Plectranthus edulis, Plectranthus esculentus, Plectranthus rotundifolius, and Stachys affinis (Chinese artichoke). Many are also grown ornamentally, notably coleus, Plectranthus, and many Salvia species and hybrids.

Lamiaceae
Lamium purpureum L.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Martinov[1][2]
Type genus
Lamium
Genera
See § Genera
Lamium purpureum, showing the bilaterally symmetrical flower
Tetradenia riparia

The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.[4] The enlarged Lamiaceae contain about 236 genera[5] and have been stated to contain 6,900[4] to 7,200[5] species, but the World Checklist lists 7,534.[6] The largest genera are Salvia (900), Scutellaria (360), Stachys (300), Plectranthus (300), Hyptis (280), Teucrium (250), Vitex (250), Thymus (220), and Nepeta (200).[5] Clerodendrum was once a genus of over 400 species,[5] but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.[7]

The family has traditionally been considered closely related to the Verbenaceae;[5] in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in the Verbenaceae should be classified in the Lamiaceae [8][9] or to other families in the order Lamiales.[1]

Salvia jurisicii

The alternative family name Labiatae refers to the flowers typically having petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (labia in Latin). The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united petals and five united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers, but actually consists of two crowded clusters). Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name Lamiaceae in referring to this family. The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section,[10] but this is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.

Genera edit

 
Leucas aspera in Hyderabad, India
 
Orthosiphon thymiflorus flower
 
Oregano

The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.[5] It described and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk (*) in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign (+). Other genera have been synonymised. These are marked with a minus sign (-). The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation.[11] Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family.

Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional information.[12] A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated.[13]

Recent changes edit

The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. Tsoongia, Paravitex, and Viticipremna have been sunk into synonymy with Vitex.[14] Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria.[7] Kalaharia, Volkameria, Ovieda, and Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum.[7] Rydingia has been separated from Leucas.[15] The remaining Leucas is paraphyletic over four other genera.[16]

Subfamilies and tribes edit

In 2004, the Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies, plus 10 genera not placed in any of the subfamilies.[5] The unplaced genera are: Tectona, Callicarpa, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, Garrettia, Cymaria, Acrymia, Holocheila, and Ombrocharis. The subfamilies are the Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic.[14] The Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes. These are shown in the phylogenetic tree below.

Phylogeny edit

Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies.[17] Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources.[5][9][7][14][18][19][20]

Lamiaceae 

Callicarpa

Tectona

Viticoideae (pro parte) 
Viticoideae (pro parte) 

Vitex

Symphorematoideae 
Ajugoideae 
Prostantheroideae 
Chloantheae 

Chloanthes

Westringieae
Nepetoideae 

References edit

  1. ^ a b Stevens, P. F. (July 2012). "Lamiales (Lamiaceae Family)". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  3. ^ "Pronunciation of lamiaceae". from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-11-25.
  4. ^ a b Heywood, Vernon H.; Brummitt, Richard K.; Seberg, Ole; Culham, Alastair (2007). Flowering Plant Families of the World. Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
  6. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". from the original on 2017-07-09. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
  7. ^ a b c d Yuan, Yao-Wu; Mabberley, David J.; Steane, Dorothy A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2010). "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon. 59 (1): 125–133. doi:10.1002/tax.591013.
  8. ^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  9. ^ a b Wagstaff, Steven J.; Hickerson, Laura; Spangler, Russ; Reeves, Patrick A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (1998). "Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 209 (3–4): 265–274. doi:10.1007/bf00985232. S2CID 601658.
  10. ^ Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press ISBN 978-185918-4783
  11. ^ "List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see External links below)
  12. ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (see External Links below).
  13. ^ "APG list of Lamiaceae genera". from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
  14. ^ a b c Bramley, Gemma L.C.; Forest, Félix; Rogier (2009). "Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon. 58 (2): 500–510. doi:10.1002/tax.582014.
  15. ^ Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Albert, Victor A. (2007). "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematics and Geography of Plants. 77 (2): 229–238. JSTOR 20649740.
  16. ^ Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Albert, Victor A. (2009). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematic Botany. 34 (1): 173–181. doi:10.1600/036364409787602366. S2CID 85894904.
  17. ^ Zhao, Fei; Chen, Ya-Ping; Salmaki, Yasaman; Drew, Bryan T.; Wilson, Trevor C.; Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Celep, Ferhat; Bräuchler, Christian; Bendiksby, Mika; Wang, Qiang; Min, Dao-Zhang; Peng, Hua; Olmstead, Richard G.; Li, Bo; Xiang, Chun-Lei (8 January 2021). "An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics". BMC Biology. 19 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z. PMC 7796571. PMID 33419433.
  18. ^ Zhong, Jin-Shun; Li, Jie; Li, Lang; Conran, John G.; Hsi-wen, Li (2010). "Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology". Systematic Botany. 35 (1): 207–219. doi:10.1600/036364410790862614. S2CID 54808462.
  19. ^ Walker, Jay B.; Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2007). "Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever". Annals of Botany. 100 (2): 375–391. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl176. PMC 2735309. PMID 16926227.
  20. ^ Ryding, P. Olof (2010). "Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 285 (3–4): 165–175. doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9. S2CID 24076224.

External links edit

January 10, 2024
lamiaceae, labiatae, family, flowering, plants, commonly, known, mint, deadnettle, sage, family, many, plants, aromatic, parts, include, widely, used, culinary, herbs, like, basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, peril. The Lamiaceae ˌ l eɪ m i ˈ eɪ s iː ˌ iː i ˌ aɪ LAY mee AY see ee eye 3 or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint deadnettle or sage family Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil mint rosemary sage savory marjoram oregano hyssop thyme lavender and perilla as well as other medicinal herbs such as catnip salvia bee balm wild dagga and oriental motherwort Some species are shrubs trees such as teak or rarely vines Many members of the family are widely cultivated not only for their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation since they are readily propagated by stem cuttings citation needed Besides those grown for their edible leaves some are grown for decorative foliage Others are grown for seed such as Salvia hispanica chia or for their edible tubers such as Plectranthus edulis Plectranthus esculentus Plectranthus rotundifolius and Stachys affinis Chinese artichoke Many are also grown ornamentally notably coleus Plectranthus and many Salvia species and hybrids LamiaceaeLamium purpureum L Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder LamialesFamily LamiaceaeMartinov 1 2 Type genusLamiumL GeneraSee GeneraLamium purpureum showing the bilaterally symmetrical flowerTetradenia ripariaThe family has a cosmopolitan distribution 4 The enlarged Lamiaceae contain about 236 genera 5 and have been stated to contain 6 900 4 to 7 200 5 species but the World Checklist lists 7 534 6 The largest genera are Salvia 900 Scutellaria 360 Stachys 300 Plectranthus 300 Hyptis 280 Teucrium 250 Vitex 250 Thymus 220 and Nepeta 200 5 Clerodendrum was once a genus of over 400 species 5 but by 2010 it had been narrowed to about 150 7 The family has traditionally been considered closely related to the Verbenaceae 5 in the 1990s phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in the Verbenaceae should be classified in the Lamiaceae 8 9 or to other families in the order Lamiales 1 Salvia jurisiciiThe alternative family name Labiatae refers to the flowers typically having petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip labia in Latin The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united petals and five united sepals They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers but actually consists of two crowded clusters Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name most botanists now use the name Lamiaceae in referring to this family The leaves emerge oppositely each pair at right angles to the previous one decussate or whorled The stems are frequently square in cross section 10 but this is not found in all members of the family and is sometimes found in other plant families Contents 1 Genera 2 Recent changes 3 Subfamilies and tribes 4 Phylogeny 5 References 6 External linksGenera edit nbsp Leucas aspera in Hyderabad India nbsp Orthosiphon thymiflorus flower nbsp OreganoThe last revision of the entire family was published in 2004 5 It described and provided keys to 236 genera These are marked with an asterisk in the list below A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004 These are marked with a plus sign Other genera have been synonymised These are marked with a minus sign The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation 11 Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional information 12 A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated 13 Acanthomintha Achyrospermum Acinos Acrocephalus Acrotome Acrymia Adelosa Aegiphila Aeollanthus Agastache Ajuga Ajugoides Alajja Alvesia Amasonia Amethystea Anisochilus Anisomeles Asterohyptis Ballota Basilicum Becium Benguellia Blephilia Bostrychanthera Bovonia Brachysola Brazoria Bystropogon Calamintha Callicarpa Capitanopsis Capitanya Caryopteris Catoferia Cedronella Ceratanthus Chaiturus Chamaesphacos Chaunostoma Chelonopsis Chloanthes Cleonia Clerodendrum Clinopodium Colebrookea Collinsonia Colquhounia Comanthosphace Congea Conradina Coridothymus Cornutia Craniotome Cryphia Cuminia Cunila Cyanostegia Cyclotrichium Cymaria Dauphinea Dicerandra Dicrastylis Discretitheca Dorystoechas Dracocephalum Drepanocaryum Elsholtzia Endostemon Englerastrum Eplingiella Eremostachys Eriope Eriophyton Eriopidion Eriothymus Erythrochlamys Euhesperida Eurysolen Faradaya Fuerstia Galeopsis Garrettia Geniosporum Glechoma Glechon Glossocarya Gmelina Gomphostemma Gontscharovia Hanceola Haplostachys Haumaniastrum Hedeoma Hemiandra Hemigenia Hemiphora Hemizygia Hesperozygis Heterolamium Hoehnea Holmskioldia Holocheila Holostylon Horminum Hosea Hoslundia Huxleya Hymenocrater Hymenopyramis Hypenia Hypogomphia Hyptidendron Hyptis Hyssopus Isodictyophorus Isodon Isoleucas Kalaharia Karomia Keiskea Killickia Kudrjaschevia Kurzamra Lachnostachys Lagochilus Lagopsis Lallemantia Lamiophlomis Lamium Lavandula Leocus Leonotis Leonurus Lepechinia Leucas Leucophae Leucosceptrum Limniboza Lophanthus Loxocalyx Lycopus Macbridea Madlabium Marmoritis Martianthus Marrubium Marsypianthes Matsumurella Meehania Melissa Melittis Mentha Meriandra Mesona Metastachydium Microcorys Micromeria Microtoena Minthostachys Moluccella Monarda Monardella Monochilus Mosla Neoeplingia Neohyptis Neorapinia Nepeta Newcastelia Nosema Notochaete Obtegomeria Ocimum Octomeron Ombrocharis Oncinocalyx Origanum Orthosiphon Otostegia Ovieda Oxera Panzerina Paralamium Paraphlomis Paravitex Peltodon Pentapleura Perilla Perillula Peronema Perovskia Perrierastrum Petitia Petraeovitex Phlomidoschema Phlomis Phlomoides Phyllostegia Physopsis Physostegia Piloblephis Pitardia Pityrodia Platostoma Plectranthus Pogogyne Pogostemon Poliomintha Prasium Premna Prostanthera Prunella Pseuderemostachys Pseudocarpidium Pseudocaryopteris Pseudomarrubium Puntia Pycnanthemum Pycnostachys Rabdosiella Renschia Rhabdocaulon Rhaphiodon Rhododon Rosmarinus Rostrinucula Rotheca Roylea Rubiteucris Rydingia Sabaudia Saccocalyx Salazaria Salvia Satureja Schizonepeta Schnabelia Scutellaria Sideritis Siphocranion Solenostemon Spartothamnella Sphenodesme Stachydeoma Stachyopsis Stachys Stenogyne Sulaimania Suzukia Symphorema Symphostemon Synandra Syncolostemon Tectona Teijsmanniodendron Tetraclea Tetradenia Teucridium Teucrium Thorncroftia Thuspeinanta Thymbra Thymus Tinnea Trichostema Tripora Tsoongia Vitex Viticipremna Volkameria Warnockia Wenchengia Westringia Wiedemannia Wrixonia Xenopoma Zataria Zhumeria ZiziphoraRecent changes editThe circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004 Tsoongia Paravitex and Viticipremna have been sunk into synonymy with Vitex 14 Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria 7 Kalaharia Volkameria Ovieda and Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum 7 Rydingia has been separated from Leucas 15 The remaining Leucas is paraphyletic over four other genera 16 Subfamilies and tribes editIn 2004 the Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies plus 10 genera not placed in any of the subfamilies 5 The unplaced genera are Tectona Callicarpa Hymenopyramis Petraeovitex Peronema Garrettia Cymaria Acrymia Holocheila and Ombrocharis The subfamilies are the Symphorematoideae Viticoideae Ajugoideae Prostantheroideae Nepetoideae Scutellarioideae and Lamioideae The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic 14 The Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes These are shown in the phylogenetic tree below Phylogeny editMost of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies 17 Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources 5 9 7 14 18 19 20 Lamiaceae CallicarpaTectonaViticoideae pro parte GmelinaPremnaViticoideae pro parte VitexSymphorematoideae CongeaSymphoremaAjugoideae RothecaTeucriumAjugaOxeraFaradayaKalahariaClerodendrumVolkameriaOviedaAegiphilaTetracleaAmasoniaProstantheroideae Chloantheae ChloanthesWestringieae ProstantheraWestringiaNepetoideae Ocimeae LavandulaSiphocranionIsodonHanceolaHyptisOrthosiphonOcimumPlectranthusColeusElsholtzieae ElsholtziaPerillaMentheae LepechiniaSalviaRosmarinusPrunellaNepetaDracocephalumAgastacheOriganumThymusMenthaSaturejaClinopodiumBystropogonPycnanthemumMonardaDicerandraConradinaScutellarioideae HolmskioldiaScutellariaLamioideae PogostemonPhlomisLamiumStachysSideritisHaplostachysStenogynePhyllostegiaLeonurusMarrubiumMoluccellaRydingiaLeucasLeonotisReferences edit a b Stevens P F July 2012 Lamiales Lamiaceae Family Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Archived from the original on 21 March 2015 Retrieved 25 March 2015 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Pronunciation of lamiaceae Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2014 11 25 a b Heywood Vernon H Brummitt Richard K Seberg Ole Culham Alastair 2007 Flowering Plant Families of the World Ontario Canada Firefly Books ISBN 978 1 55407 206 4 a b c d e f g h Raymond M Harley Sandy Atkins Andrey L Budantsev Philip D Cantino Barry J Conn Renee J Grayer Madeline M Harley Rogier P J de Kok Tatyana V Krestovskaja Ramon Morales Alan J Paton and P Olof Ryding 2004 Labiatae pages 167 275 In Klaus Kubitzki editor and Joachim W Kadereit volume editor The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany ISBN 978 3 540 40593 1 World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Archived from the original on 2017 07 09 Retrieved 2022 02 21 a b c d Yuan Yao Wu Mabberley David J Steane Dorothy A Olmstead Richard G 2010 Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum Lamiaceae Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy Taxon 59 1 125 133 doi 10 1002 tax 591013 Cantino P D Harley R M amp Wagstaff S J 1992 Genera of Labiatae status and classification Pp 511 522 In Raymond M Harley and Tom Reynolds editors Advances in Labiate Science Richmond Royal Botanic Gardens Kew a b Wagstaff Steven J Hickerson Laura Spangler Russ Reeves Patrick A Olmstead Richard G 1998 Phylogeny in Labiatae s l inferred from cpDNA sequences Plant Systematics and Evolution 209 3 4 265 274 doi 10 1007 bf00985232 S2CID 601658 Parnell J and Curtis T 2012 Webb s An Irish Flora Cork University Press ISBN 978 185918 4783 List of genera in Lamiaceae In Lamiaceae In List of families In Families and genera in GRIN see External links below List of Genera in Lamiaceae At Vascular Plant Families and Genera At World Checklist of Selected Plant Families At Electronic Plant Information Center At Website of Royal Botanic Gardens Kew see External Links below APG list of Lamiaceae genera Archived from the original on 2022 01 31 Retrieved 2022 02 21 a b c Bramley Gemma L C Forest Felix Rogier 2009 Troublesome tropical mints re examining generic limits of Vitex and relations Lamiaceae in South East Asia Taxon 58 2 500 510 doi 10 1002 tax 582014 Scheen Anne Cathrine Albert Victor A 2007 Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade Lamioideae Lamiaceae Systematics and Geography of Plants 77 2 229 238 JSTOR 20649740 Scheen Anne Cathrine Albert Victor A 2009 Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group Lamioideae Lamiaceae Systematic Botany 34 1 173 181 doi 10 1600 036364409787602366 S2CID 85894904 Zhao Fei Chen Ya Ping Salmaki Yasaman Drew Bryan T Wilson Trevor C Scheen Anne Cathrine Celep Ferhat Brauchler Christian Bendiksby Mika Wang Qiang Min Dao Zhang Peng Hua Olmstead Richard G Li Bo Xiang Chun Lei 8 January 2021 An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics BMC Biology 19 1 2 doi 10 1186 s12915 020 00931 z PMC 7796571 PMID 33419433 Zhong Jin Shun Li Jie Li Lang Conran John G Hsi wen Li 2010 Phylogeny of Isodon Schrad ex Benth Spach Lamiaceae and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS trnL trnF Region and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology Systematic Botany 35 1 207 219 doi 10 1600 036364410790862614 S2CID 54808462 Walker Jay B Sytsma Kenneth J 2007 Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia Lamiaceae Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever Annals of Botany 100 2 375 391 doi 10 1093 aob mcl176 PMC 2735309 PMID 16926227 Ryding P Olof 2010 Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae Lamiaceae Plant Systematics and Evolution 285 3 4 165 175 doi 10 1007 s00606 010 0270 9 S2CID 24076224 External links edit nbsp Media related to Lamiaceae at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Lamiaceae at Wikispecies Lamiaceae in L Watson and M J Dallwitz 1992 onwards The families of flowering plants descriptions illustrations identification information retrieval https delta intkey com Archived 2022 03 02 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lamiaceae amp oldid 1186940126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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