Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species[2] of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceousmonocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is Juncus. Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as Juncus bufonius are annuals, but most are perennials.
The leaves are evergreen and well-developed in a basal aggregation on an erect stem. They are alternate and tristichous (i.e., with three rows of leaves up the stem, each row of leaves arising one-third of the way around the stem from the previous leaf). Only in the genus Distichia are the leaves distichous. The rushes of the genus Juncus have flat, hairless leaves or cylindrical leaves. The leaves of the wood-rushes of the genus Luzula are always flat and bear long white hairs.
The plants are bisexual or, rarely, dioecious. The small flowers are arranged in inflorescences of loose cymes, but also in rather dense heads or corymbs at the top of the stem or at its side. This family typically has reduced perianth segments called tepals. These are usually arranged in two whorls, each containing three thin, papery tepals. They are not bright or flashy in appearance, and their color can vary from greenish to whitish, brown, purple, black, or hyaline. The three stigmas are in the center of the flowers. As is characteristic of monocots, all of the flower parts appear in multiples of three.
The dried pith of plants of this family was used to make a lighting implement known as a rushlight.[3]
The common rush (Juncus effusus) is called igusa in Japanese and is used to weave the soft surface cover of tatami mats.[4]
In medieval Europe, loose fresh rushes would be strewn on earthen floors in dwellings for cleanliness and insulation. Particularly favored for such a purpose was Acorus calamus (sweet flag), but despite its alternate vernacular name "sweet rush", it is a plant from a different monocotorder, Acorales.[5] Up until the 1960s in Ireland, rushes were spread on the earthen floor of homes during wet weather to help keep the floor dry during periods of snow or rain, or during hot weather to keep rooms cool. Rushes used in Ireland included Juncus effusus, Juncus glaucus, and Juncus conglomeratus.[3]
^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
^Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. from the original on 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
^ abO'Dowd, Anne (2015). Straw, Hay & Rushes in Irish Folk Tradition. Dublin. p. 26. ISBN978-0-7165-3311-5. OCLC 933524857. from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-04-06.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"Structure of Tatami". kyo-tatami.com. Motoyama Tatami Shop. 2015-06-28. from the original on 2018-03-19. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
^Burton, Alfred. Rush-bearing: An Account of the Old Custom of Strewing Rushes: Carrying Rushes to Church; The Rush-Cart; Garlands in Churches; Morris-Dancers; The Wakes; The Rush. Manchester: Brook & Chrystal, 1891; pp. 1-12
juncaceae, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2017, lea. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Juncaceae news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the rush family It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species 2 of slow growing rhizomatous herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions The best known and largest genus is Juncus Most of the Juncus species grow exclusively in wetland habitats A few rushes such as Juncus bufonius are annuals but most are perennials JuncaceaeJuncus effususScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsClade CommelinidsOrder PoalesFamily JuncaceaeJuss 1 Type genusJuncusL GeneraDistichia Juncus rush Luzula woodrush Marsippospermum Oreojuncus Oxychloe Patosia RostkoviaSpecies richness of JuncaceaeSynonymsJunceae Contents 1 Description 2 Uses 3 References 4 External linksDescription editThe leaves are evergreen and well developed in a basal aggregation on an erect stem They are alternate and tristichous i e with three rows of leaves up the stem each row of leaves arising one third of the way around the stem from the previous leaf Only in the genus Distichia are the leaves distichous The rushes of the genus Juncus have flat hairless leaves or cylindrical leaves The leaves of the wood rushes of the genus Luzula are always flat and bear long white hairs The plants are bisexual or rarely dioecious The small flowers are arranged in inflorescences of loose cymes but also in rather dense heads or corymbs at the top of the stem or at its side This family typically has reduced perianth segments called tepals These are usually arranged in two whorls each containing three thin papery tepals They are not bright or flashy in appearance and their color can vary from greenish to whitish brown purple black or hyaline The three stigmas are in the center of the flowers As is characteristic of monocots all of the flower parts appear in multiples of three The fruit is usually a nonfleshy three sectioned dehiscent capsule containing many seeds Uses editThe dried pith of plants of this family was used to make a lighting implement known as a rushlight 3 The common rush Juncus effusus is called igusa in Japanese and is used to weave the soft surface cover of tatami mats 4 In medieval Europe loose fresh rushes would be strewn on earthen floors in dwellings for cleanliness and insulation Particularly favored for such a purpose was Acorus calamus sweet flag but despite its alternate vernacular name sweet rush it is a plant from a different monocot order Acorales 5 Up until the 1960s in Ireland rushes were spread on the earthen floor of homes during wet weather to help keep the floor dry during periods of snow or rain or during hot weather to keep rooms cool Rushes used in Ireland included Juncus effusus Juncus glaucus and Juncus conglomeratus 3 The stems and leaves of Juncus kraussii were used by Indigenous Australians for fibre for string fishing lines woven rugs and woven baskets It is commonly used today for stabilisation of the banks of estuaries around salt marshes and riparian zones next to sites developed for human use It is also used in biofiltration systems and rain gardens 6 References edit Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Christenhusz M J M Byng J W 2016 The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase Phytotaxa Magnolia Press 261 3 201 217 doi 10 11646 phytotaxa 261 3 1 Archived from the original on 2016 07 29 Retrieved 2016 07 14 a b O Dowd Anne 2015 Straw Hay amp Rushes in Irish Folk Tradition Dublin p 26 ISBN 978 0 7165 3311 5 OCLC 933524857 Archived from the original on 2022 03 05 Retrieved 2022 04 06 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Structure of Tatami kyo tatami com Motoyama Tatami Shop 2015 06 28 Archived from the original on 2018 03 19 Retrieved 14 June 2021 Burton Alfred Rush bearing An Account of the Old Custom of Strewing Rushes Carrying Rushes to Church The Rush Cart Garlands in Churches Morris Dancers The Wakes The Rush Manchester Brook amp Chrystal 1891 pp 1 12 Juncus kraussii Botanic Gardens of South Australia Archived from the original on 16 January 2023 Retrieved 24 November 2020 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juncaceae Information and pictures Rush the common name for species of juncus The American Cyclopaedia 1879 Juncaceae Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juncaceae amp oldid 1180274441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
