Most Alismataceae are robust perennials, but some may be annual or perennial, depending on water conditions — they are normally perennial in permanent waters, annual in more seasonal conditions but there are exceptions. The stems are corm-like or stoloniferous. Juvenile and submerse leaves are often linear, whilst more mature and emerse leaves can be linear to ovate or even sagittate. Most have a distinct petiole, with a sheathed base.
The inflorescence is usually compound with whorls of branches, though some are umbel-like, and others have solitary flowers. The flowers are regular, bisexual or unisexual. There are three sepals which usually persist in the fruit. Three petals, usually conspicuous, white, pink, purple, occasionally with yellow or purple spots. The petals rarely last more than one day. In Burnatia and Wiesneria the petals are minute and even occasionally absent in female flowers. Stamens are 3, 6, 9 or numerous. The ovary is superior, comprising 3 - numerous free carpels in one whorl or in a clustered head. Each carpel contains 1 (-2) anatropous ovules.
Under the APG III system, the Alismataceae includes three genera formerly members of the Limnocharitaceae. Altogether, there are 17 extant genera and two fossil genera assigned to the Alismataceae:[2][3][4]
^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
^Alismataceae 2009-02-01 at the Wayback Machine in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants. 2007-01-03 at the Wayback Machine
^Haggard, Kristina K.; Tiffney, Bruce H. (1997). "The Flora of the Early Miocene Brandon Lignite, Vermont, USA. VIII. Caldesia (Alismataceae)". American Journal of Botany. Botanical Society of America. 84 (2): 239–252. doi:10.2307/2446086. JSTOR 2446086. PMID 21712204.
Media related to Alismataceae at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Alismataceae at Wikispecies
February 10, 2023
alismataceae, water, plantains, family, flowering, plants, comprising, genera, extant, fossil, species, family, cosmopolitan, distribution, with, greatest, number, species, temperate, regions, northern, hemisphere, most, species, herbaceous, aquatic, plants, g. The water plantains Alismataceae are a family of flowering plants comprising 19 genera 17 extant and 2 fossil and 117 species The family has a cosmopolitan distribution with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere Most of the species are herbaceous aquatic plants growing in marshes and ponds AlismataceaeSagittaria latifoliaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsOrder AlismatalesFamily AlismataceaeVent 1 Type genusAlismaL GeneraSee textAlismataceae distribution map Contents 1 Description 2 Classification 3 Cultivation and uses 4 References 5 External linksDescription EditMost Alismataceae are robust perennials but some may be annual or perennial depending on water conditions they are normally perennial in permanent waters annual in more seasonal conditions but there are exceptions The stems are corm like or stoloniferous Juvenile and submerse leaves are often linear whilst more mature and emerse leaves can be linear to ovate or even sagittate Most have a distinct petiole with a sheathed base The inflorescence is usually compound with whorls of branches though some are umbel like and others have solitary flowers The flowers are regular bisexual or unisexual There are three sepals which usually persist in the fruit Three petals usually conspicuous white pink purple occasionally with yellow or purple spots The petals rarely last more than one day In Burnatia and Wiesneria the petals are minute and even occasionally absent in female flowers Stamens are 3 6 9 or numerous The ovary is superior comprising 3 numerous free carpels in one whorl or in a clustered head Each carpel contains 1 2 anatropous ovules Fruit is a head of nutlets except in Damasonium The seeds have no endosperm and a curved or folded embryo Classification EditUnder the APG III system the Alismataceae includes three genera formerly members of the Limnocharitaceae Altogether there are 17 extant genera and two fossil genera assigned to the Alismataceae 2 3 4 Albidella Pichon Alisma water plantain L Alismaticarpum Collinson Astonia S W L Jacobs Baldellia lesser water plantain Parl Burnatia Micheli Butomopsis Kunth Caldesia Parl Damasonium starfruit thrumwort Mill Echinodorus burhead Amazon sword plant Rich ex Engelm Helanthium Benth amp Hook f Engelm ex J G Sm Hydrocleys Rich Limnocharis Bonpl Limnophyton Miq Luronium floating water plantain Raf Ranalisma Stapf Sagisma Nikitin Sagittaria arrowhead duck potato katniss Omodaka 沢瀉 in Japanese swamp potato tule potato wapato wapatoo L Wiesneria MicheliCultivation and uses Edit Echinodorus isthmicus Several species notably in the genus Sagittaria have edible rhizomes grown for both human food and animal fodder in southern and eastern Asia They were eaten as food by the indigenous peoples of North America Most have value as food for wildlife Some are grown as ornamental plants in bog gardens ponds and aquariums The leaves and flower buds of Limnocharis flava are eaten in Southeast Asia as poor people s vegetable 5 References Edit Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Alismataceae Archived 2009 02 01 at the Wayback Machine in L Watson and M J Dallwitz 1992 onwards The families of flowering plants Archived 2007 01 03 at the Wayback Machine Haggard Kristina K Tiffney Bruce H 1997 The Flora of the Early Miocene Brandon Lignite Vermont USA VIII Caldesia Alismataceae American Journal of Botany Botanical Society of America 84 2 239 252 doi 10 2307 2446086 JSTOR 2446086 PMID 21712204 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Sky Meadows Nature Guide accessed 2017 07 05External links EditNeotropical Alismataceae Alismataceae in BoDD Botanical Dermatology Database Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Alismaceae Media related to Alismataceae at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Alismataceae at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alismataceae amp oldid 1123415677, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
