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List of national flowers

January 19, 2024

In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas. Some countries have a country-wide floral emblem; others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions. Different processes have been used to adopt these symbols – some are conferred by government bodies, whereas others are the result of informal public polls. The term floral emblem, which refers to flowers specifically, is primarily used in Australia and Canada. In the United States, the term state flower is more often used.

National plants edit

Africa edit

Mauritius edit

The national flower of Mauritius is Ruizia boutoniana.[1]

Nigeria edit

The national flower of Nigeria is Costus spectabilis which is commonly known as Yellow Trumpet.[2]

Seychelles edit

The national flower of the Seychelles is the tropicbird orchid (known locally as orkid payanke), Angraecum eburneum.[3]

South Africa edit

The national flower of South Africa is the King Protea, Protea cynaroides.[4]

Tunisia edit

The national flower of Tunisia is jasmine. It was chosen as a symbol for the 2010 Tunisian Revolution.

Asia edit

Afghanistan edit

The national flower of Afghanistan is the Tulip. It is called Lala (لاله) in the Farsi language and Khatol in the Pashto language.[citation needed]

Bangladesh edit

The national flower of Bangladesh is the water lily Nymphaea nouchali. It is called Shapla (শাপলা) in the Bengali language.

Bhutan edit

The national flower of Bhutan is the blue poppy.[5] Previously misidentified as the non-native Meconopsis grandis, national flower of Bhutan was identified in 2017 as Meconopsis gakyidiana, a new distinct species.[6]

Brunei edit

The national flower of Brunei is Simpoh Ayer (Dillenia suffruticosa).[7]

Cambodia edit

 
Cambodia's national flower, the romduol

Cambodia formally adopted the romduol (Khmer: រំដួល) as its national flower in the year 2005 by a royal decree.[8] The royal decree designates the taxon as Mitrella mesnyi, however, this is a taxonomically illegitimate synonym for Sphaerocoryne affinis.[9]

Hong Kong edit

The symbolic flower of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong orchid tree ("洋紫荊"), Bauhinia blakeana.[citation needed]

India edit

The national flower of India is the lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera).[10] It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial.

Indonesia edit

 
Jasminum sambac, the national flower of Indonesia and the Philippines
Main article: List of Indonesian floral emblems

There are three types of floral emblems used to symbolize Indonesia:

  • The puspa bangsa ("national flower") of Indonesia is melati (Jasminum sambac).
  • The puspa pesona ("flower of charm") is anggrek bulan or moon orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis).[7]
  • The puspa langka ("rare flower") is padma raksasa rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii).

All three were chosen on World Environment Day in 1990,[11] and enforced by law through Presidential Decree (Keputusan Presiden) No. 4 1993,[12] On the other occasion, Bunga Bangkai (Titan arum) was also added as puspa langka together with Rafflesia.

Melati (Jasminum sambac), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, has long been considered a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition, as it symbolizes purity, sacredness, graceful simplicity and sincerity. For example, on her wedding day, a traditional Indonesian bride's hair is often adorned with arrangements of jasmine, while the groom's kris is often adorned with a lock of jasmine. However, jasmine is also often used as a floral offering for spirits and deities, and also often present during funerals, which has caused it to be seen as having mystical and sacred properties. Moon orchid was chosen for its beauty, while the other two rare flowers, Rafflesia arnoldii and Titan arum, were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesia's rich biodiversity.

Each of the 34 provinces of Indonesia also has a native plant as its provincial flower.

Iran edit

 
Water lily, Iran's national symbolic flower

The national flower of Iran is the water lily which is also called nymphaea (Niloofare Abi, in Persian). The flower is the national flower of Iran since the Achaemenid Empire era (552 BC).[13]

 
Darius the great holds a water lily In Persepolis

Israel edit

 
The poppy anemone, Israel's national flower

The national flower of Israel is the poppy anemone (Anemone coronaria; calanit metzuya in Hebrew), chosen in 2013 to replace Cyclamen persicum.[14][15]

Japan edit

The national flower of Japan is the Sakura blossom.

Jordan edit

The national flower of Jordan is Black iris (Iris nigricans).[16]

Laos edit

The national flower of Laos is the plumeria (champa),[7] despite it no longer being endemic.

Malaysia edit

 
The Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Malaysia's national flower

The national flower of Malaysia is the bunga raya (Chinese hibiscus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).[7][17]

Maldives edit

The national flower of the Maldives is the pink polyantha rose (Rosa polyantha), called fiyaathoshi finifenmaa.[18]

Mongolia edit

The national flower of Mongolia is Scabiosa comosa (Mongolian: бэр цэцэг, ber tsetseg).[19]

Myanmar edit

The national flower of Myanmar is Pterocarpus indicus (paduak).[7]

Nepal edit

 
The rhododendron, the national flower of the Himalayan Republic of Nepal

The national flower of Nepal is the rhododendron.[20]

North Korea edit

The national flower of North Korea is the Korean mountain magnolia (Magnolia sieboldii, Korean: 목란/木蘭 mongnan).[21]

Pakistan edit

The national flower of Pakistan is common jasmine also known as Jasminum officinale.[22]

Philippines edit

The Philippines adopted the sampaguita (Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac) in 1934 as its national flower because it symbolises purity and cleanliness due to its colour and sweet smell.[7] It is popularly strung into garlands that are presented to visitors and dignitaries, and is a common adornment on religious images.

Sampaguita in the Filipino language is a direct loan word from the Indian sanskrit word "campaka".[23][24] Plants of some species of flowers like sampaguita, fruits like mango and nangka, vegetables like ampalaya, patola, malunggay, name of Philippine's pre-Christian chief god Bathala (from sanskrit Bhattara Guru), came from India during pre-Spanish Indianised trade and influences.[25] Among strong traces of continuity of Hindu influence in Philippines are placing of sampaguita garland around the neck of visitors to show hospitality and friendship, throwing the rice over bride and groom for prosperity, performing paninilbihan, paying dowry, visiting a shrine to pray for fertility, etc.[26]

Singapore edit

The national flower of Singapore is a hybrid orchid cultivar known as the Singapore orchid or Vanda Miss Joaquim (Papilionanthe teres × Papilionanthe hookeriana).[citation needed]

South Korea edit

The national flower of South Korea is Hibiscus syriacus.[27] Known in South Korea as mugunghwa (Korean: 무궁화), the flower's symbolism relates to the Korean word mugung, which means "eternity" or "inexhaustible abundance".[28] Despite being made the national flower officially after Korea regained its independence from Japan, mugunghwa has been associated with Korean culture for many centuries, with the Silla kingdom having called itself the "Country of the Mugunghwa" (Korean: 근화향, Romanized: Geunhwahyang).[29]

Sri Lanka edit

 
Nymphaea nouchali is the national flower of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

The national flower of Sri Lanka is Nil mānel (නිල් මානෙල්), the blue-star water-lily (Nymphaea stellata).[30][31] Although nil means "blue" in Sinhala, the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as "water-lily" in English. This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the Sigiriya frescoes and has been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhala literary works. Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince Siddhartha's footprint.[32][33]

Taiwan edit

Main article: National Flower of the Republic of China

The national flower of the Republic of China was officially designated as the plum blossom by the Executive Yuan on 21 July 1964.[34] The plum blossom, known as the meihua (Chinese: 梅花; pinyin: méihuā), is a symbol of resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum trees often bloom most vibrantly even during the harshest winters.[35][36] The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People, while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government.[34][35]

Thailand edit

The national flower of Thailand is the Golden Shower Tree (Cassia fistula), locally known as dok khuen or rachapruek.[7]

Vietnam edit

 
The Lotus flower is used as the logo of national flag carrier Vietnam Airlines

The national flower of Vietnam is the lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera).[37]

Europe edit

Andorra edit

Austria edit

The national flower of Austria is edelweiss (Leontopodium nivale).[citation needed]

Belgium edit

Bulgaria edit

Croatia edit

Cyprus edit

Czech Republic edit

Denmark edit

  • Denmark – red clover (Trifolium pratense) and marguerite daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens). The latter is often modified to oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), a rather similar species that is native to the country (the marguerite daisy is not)[41]

Estonia edit

Finland edit

France edit

Guernsey edit

Iceland edit

Lithuania edit

Netherlands edit

While most people believe it to be the tulip, the actual national flower of the Netherlands is the daisy (Bellis perennis). It was elected in a public vote in 2023.[45]

Poland edit

Portugal edit

Portugal does not officially have a national flower, though the lavender is commonly cited.[47][48] The carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) is also a symbol of the nation's triumph against the authoritarian far-right Estado Novo dictatorship, known as the Carnation Revolution.

Romania edit

Russia edit

Serbia edit

 
Natalie's ramonda

The national flower of Serbia is Natalie's ramonda (Ramonda nathaliae). It is considered a symbol of Serbia's struggle and victory in World War I, with country suffering the largest casualty rate relative to its population.[50] To commemorate Serbian soldiers who died in war as well as the resurrection of the country after the devastating war, people wear artificial Natalie's ramonda as a symbol of remembrance, especially during week leading up to Armistice Day, which is a public holiday.[51]

Slovakia edit

Slovenia

The national flower of Slovenia is a carnation. It is traditionally present at all significant moments of someone's life. White carnations can be traditionally present at Slovenian christenings and at Slovenian weddings, where the bride has a white carnation flower stuck in her hair and the groom wears a white carnation pinned to his breast pocket or buttonhole. While white carnation represents happiness and celebration, red carnation has a more diverse meaning in Slovenian culture. First meaning comes from French and Russian revolutionaries and symbolises revolution and workers. Red carnations also symbolise love and courtship. In folksongs and folk traditions, when young men in the country villages were calling girls in the night under their windows and serenading them, receiving a red carnation bouquet meant, that the serenaded girl accepted their courtship. Finally, at the funeral of a loved one, their acquaintances, friends and family bid a final farewell to the deceased by each throwing a red carnation into the open grave.

Furthermore, carnations often appear embroidered on tablecloths, handkerchiefs, blouses, bed linen, lace and on parts of Slovenian national costume, such as skirts, trouser legs and traditional headwear, especially avba. Additionally, carnations are often flowers hanging from flowerbeds on balconies and windows, which is a source of pride for Slovenian homes. This can be observed throughout Slovenia, most prominently in Gorenjska and Štajerska regions.[52]

Spain edit

Sweden edit

The national flower of Sweden is Campanula rotundifolia.[55] It won a public vote in 2021.[56]

Switzerland edit

The national flower of Switzerland is edelweiss (Leontopodium nivale).[citation needed]

Turkey edit

The national flower of Turkey is the tulip.[citation needed]

United Kingdom edit

 
Milk thistle flowerhead

Each of the United Kingdom's four constituent regions has one or more national flower:

Ukraine edit

North America edit

Canada edit

The maple leaf is widely used as a symbol for Canada. The maple tree was officially recognized as Canada's arboreal emblem in 1996.[61]

Canada's provinces and territories also have official provincial or territorial floral emblems:

Many Canadian flags and coats-of-arms have floral emblems on them. The flag of Montreal has four floral emblems. On the right side of the flag of Saskatchewan overlapping both green and gold halves is the western red lily, the provincial floral emblem. The coat of arms of Port Coquitlam has the city's floral emblem, the azalea, displayed on a collar. The coat of arms of Prince Edward Island displays lady's slippers, the floral emblem of the island. When coat of arms of Nova Scotia were reassumed in 1929, the trailing arbutus or mayflower, the floral emblem of Nova Scotia, was added.

Mexico edit

The national flower of Mexico is the dahlia (Dahlia pinnata).[citation needed]

United States edit

In 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation to make the rose the national floral emblem of the United States.[76][77] In each of the U.S. states, state flowers and trees have also been adopted as symbols by state legislatures.

Central America and the Caribbean edit

Antigua and Barbuda edit

The national flower of Antigua and Barbuda is Agave karatto, also known as "dagger log" or "batta log".[78]

The Bahamas edit

 
Tecoma stans

The national flower of the Bahamas is the Yellow Elder (Tecoma stans).[79]

Barbados edit

The national flower of Barbados is known locally as the Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima).[80]

Belize edit

The national flower of Belize is the black orchid (Prosthechea cochleata).[81]

Costa Rica edit

The national flower of Costa Rica is the guaria morada (Guarianthe skinneri).[82]

Cuba edit

The national flower of Cuba since October 13, 1936, is the white ginger lily.[83]

Dominica edit

The national flower of Dominica is Sabinea carinalis, commonly known as Carib wood or Bois Caraibe.[84]

Dominican Republic edit

 
The Bayahibe Rose, the national flower of the Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic's national flower was originally the flower of the caoba (mahogany tree, Swietenia mahagoni). In 2011, the mahogany was dubbed the national tree, vacating the national flower spot for the Bayahibe rose (Pereskia quisqueyana) in order to bring attention to its conservation.[85]

Guatemala edit

The national flower of Guatemala is the monja blanca (Lycaste skinneri var. alba).[86]

Haiti edit

 
Hibiscus, the national flower of Haiti

The national flower of Haiti is the Choeblack or rose kayenn (Hibiscus).[87][88]

Honduras edit

The national flower of Honduras is the orchid Rhyncholaelia digbyana.[89]

Jamaica edit

The national flower of Jamaica is the lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale).[90]

Nicaragua edit

 
The Sacuanjoche

The national flower of Nicaragua is known as the sacuanjoche (plumeria rubra). The sacuanjoche flower (Plumeria) grows on a conical tree that flowers around May. Sacuanjoche flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them. The flowers have no nectar, and simply dupe their pollinators.

Oceania edit

 
Golden Wattle, the floral emblem of Australia since 1988
 
New Zealand's floral emblem, the Kowhai

Australia edit

The Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) was officially proclaimed the floral emblem of Australia on 1 September 1988.[91]

French Polynesia edit

The Tahitian gardenia (tiare flower) is the national flower of Tahiti, French Polynesia, and the Cook Islands.[citation needed]

Fiji edit

The national flower of Fiji is tagimaucia (Medinilla waterhousei), a vine with red and white flowers endemic to the highlands of the island of Taveuni.[citation needed]

New Zealand edit

New Zealand does not have an official national flower, but the silver fern (foliage) is acknowledged as its national emblem.[92] The Kōwhai (Sophora spp., native trees with yellow cascading flowers) is usually regarded as the national flower. Other plant emblems are Koru (a curled fern symbol) and the crimson-flowered Pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), also called New Zealand's Christmas tree.[citation needed]

Tonga edit

The heilala (Garcinia sessilis) is Tonga's national flower. The name of Tonga's beauty pageant, the Heilala Festival, is taken from this flower. Resorts as well as consumer products are also often named after this flower, such as the Heilala Lodge and Heilala Vanilla. The flower is also used in Tonga for medicinal and ornamental purposes.[citation needed]

South America edit

Argentina edit

 
The flower of the ceibo tree, the national flower of Argentina and Uruguay

The national flower of Argentina is the flower of the ceibo tree (Erythrina crista-galli), also known as seibo or bucaré.[93]

Bolivia edit

Bolivia has two national flowers: the kantuta (Cantua buxifolia) and patujú (Heliconia rostrata).[94]

Brazil edit

The national flower of Brazil is the flower of the golden trumpet tree (Handroanthus albus).[citation needed]

Chile edit

 
Copihue, the national flower of Chile

The national flower of Chile is the copihue (Lapageria rosea).[citation needed]

Colombia edit

Cattleya trianae is the national flower of Colombia and is the orchid which flowers in May. The May flower was chosen because the colors are the same as those of the Colombian flag.[citation needed]

Guyana edit

The national flower of Guyana is the Victoria regia lily (Victoria amazonica).[citation needed]

Peru edit

The national flower of Peru is the cantuta (also spelled kantuta or qantuta, from Quechua qantu). It can be found in the high valleys of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia.[citation needed]

Paraguay edit

The national flower of Paraguay is Mburucuyá.[citation needed]

Suriname edit

Called faya lobi ("fiery love") in Sranantongo, the jungle geranium (Ixora coccinea) is commonly considered a symbol of Suriname.[citation needed]

Uruguay edit

 
Cattleya mossiae, the national flower of Venezuela

The national flower of Uruguay is the flower of the ceibo tree (Erythrina crista-galli).[citation needed]

Venezuela edit

The national flower of Venezuela is the Flor de Mayo (Cattleya mossiae), an orchid.[citation needed]

Subnational plants edit

See also: List of Indian state flowers, List of U.S. state flowers, List of U.S. state trees, County flowers of the United Kingdom, and Province flowers of Sweden
Country Subdivision Name Pictures Notes
  Canada Alberta Wild Rose[95]  
British Columbia Pacific Dogwood[citation needed]  
Manitoba Prairie Crocus[citation needed]  
New Brunswick Purple Violet[citation needed]  
Newfoundland and Labrador Pitcher plant[citation needed]   The pitcher plant was officially declared as the provincial flower in 1954, but had appeared on the colony's coinage as early as the 1880s. It can be found in the marshlands of the province feeding on insects that fall into its leaves and drown.
Northwest Territories Mountain Avens[citation needed]  
Nova Scotia Mayflower[citation needed]  
Nunavut Purple Saxifrage[citation needed]  
Ontario White Trillium[citation needed]  
Prince Edward Island Pink Lady's Slipper[citation needed]  
Quebec Blue Flag Iris[citation needed]   The Blue Flag Iris replaced the Madonna Lily in 1999, since the lily was not native to Quebec.
Saskatchewan Western Red Lily[citation needed]  
Yukon Fireweed[citation needed]  
  Sweden Småland Linnaea borealis[citation needed]   The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus, sw. Carl von Linné (1707–1778), often called the father of taxonomy or "The flower-king", was born in Älmhult in Småland. He gave the Twinflower its Latin name based on his own (Latin: Linnaea borealis), because of his particular fondness of it. The flower has become Småland's provincial flower.
  China   Hong Kong Bauhinia blakeana[citation needed]   The blossom, native to the territory was chosen as the logo of the Urban Council in 1965 and was later incorporated into the flag and emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty.
  Macau Nelumbo nucifera[citation needed]   A stylised depiction of the flower can be seen in the territory's flag.
  Ireland County Offaly[citation needed] Bog-rosemary[96]  
  Pakistan   Islamabad Capital Territory Neeli Gulmohur
Hybrid tea rose[citation needed]		  
  		The floral emblems of the four constituting provinces of Pakistan; however, they are all unofficial and are not recognised by the new Federal Government of Pakistan.
  Balochistan Silver date palm tree
Tulipa sylvestris[citation needed]		  
 
  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Afghan pine
Tulipa clusiana[citation needed]		  
 
  The Punjab Indian rosewood
Sadabahar[citation needed]		  
 
  Sindh Indian lilac tree
Sindhi lotus[citation needed]		  
 
  Gilgit–Baltistan Himalayan deodar
Alpine Blue Star[citation needed]		  
 
  Azad Jammu and Kashmir Chinar tree/Kashmir maple tree[citation needed]
Snow Rose[citation needed]		  
 
  Spain Catalonia Weaver's Broom[97]
(Spartium junceum) 		  Usually along with red poppies
Galicia Gorse flower[98]
(Ulex europaeus) 		 

Australia edit

Main article: List of Australian floral emblems

Norway edit

United Kingdom edit

 
The Tudor rose is a combination of the red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York.

Each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has a traditional floral emblem:

County flowers edit

Main article: County flowers of the United Kingdom

A county flower is a flowering plant chosen to symbolise a county. They exist primarily in the United Kingdom, but some counties in other countries also have them.

One or two county flowers have a long history in England – the red rose of Lancashire dates from the Middle Ages, for instance. However, the county flower concept was only extended to cover the whole United Kingdom in 2002, as a promotional tool by a charity. In that year, the plant conservation charity Plantlife ran a competition to choose county flowers for all counties, to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.

Plantlife's scheme is loosely based on Britain's historic counties, and so some current local government areas are not represented by a flower, and some of the counties included no longer exist as administrative areas. Flowers were also chosen for thirteen major cities: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nottingham and Sheffield. The Isles of Scilly was also treated as a county (distinct from Cornwall) for the purpose of the scheme. The Isle of Man was included, even though it is not a county, but a self-governing territory outside of the United Kingdom with an existing national flower: the ragwort or cushag.[102] The Channel Islands were not included.

A total of 94 flowers was chosen in the competition. 85 of the 109 counties have a unique county flower, but several species were chosen by more than one county. Foxglove or Digitalis purpurea was chosen for four counties – Argyll, Birmingham, Leicestershire and Monmouthshire – more than any other species. The following species were chosen for three counties each:

And the following species were chosen for two counties:

In addition, Sticky Catchfly Lychnis viscaria was chosen for both Edinburgh and Midlothian, the county containing Edinburgh.

For most counties, native species were chosen, but for a small number of counties, non-natives were chosen, mainly archaeophytes.

Unofficial plants edit

Armenia edit

No plant or flower seems to be among the current official symbols.[103] Some flowering plants from the area include Althaea armeniaca, Armenian Basket, Muscari armeniacum, Armenian Poppy, Armenian vartig (vargit), and Tulipa armena.

Azerbaijan edit

Azerbaijan currently has no official national flower. Traditionally, various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned. The city of Shusha named the Khari Bulbul (Ophrys caucasica) the floral emblem of the Nagorno-Karabakh.[104]

Belarus edit

The unofficial national flower of Belarus is wild blue flax,[44] Centaurea.

China edit

China currently has no official national flower. Traditionally, various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned.

In 1903, the Qing dynasty named the peony (牡丹) the floral emblem of the nation. The peony has long been considered a flower of wealth and honor in China.[citation needed]

The puppet state Manchukuo followed Japan's model of dual floral emblems: the "spring orchid" (Cymbidium goeringii) for the Emperor and the imperial household, and the sorghum blossom (Sorghum bicolor) for the state and the nation.[citation needed]

The plum blossom, meihua (Chinese: 梅花; pinyin: méihuā), has also been one of the most beloved flowers in Chinese culture. The Republic of China government named the plum blossom as the national flower in 1964.[34] The plum blossom is symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum blossoms often bloom most vibrantly even amidst the harsh winter snow.[34][35][36]

The People's Republic of China, which has controlled mainland China since 1949, has no official floral emblem. There have been several petitions in recent years to officially adopt one. However, the government has not taken any action yet. A poll in 2005 showed that 41% of the public supports peony as the national flower while 36% supported the plum blossom.[105] Some scholars have suggested that the peony and plum blossoms may be designated as dual national flowers. In addition, the orchid, jasmine, daffodil and chrysanthemum have also been held as possible floral symbols of China.

Ecuador edit

No flower has been officially declared as a national symbol. Unofficially the rose and the orchid are claimed to hold that title.[106]

Egypt edit

Both Blue Egyptian Lotus and White Egyptian Lotus are regarded as Egypt's national flowers, and they appear in many Ancient Egyptian paintings and monuments.[citation needed]

Guinea edit

In a 2018 public vote Vernonia djalonensis was voted as the national flower of Guinea, a decision which is currently awaiting government approval[107]

Italy edit

Italy doesn't have an official floral emblem, though the Lily lilium is commonly cited. Other less common options are the Rose and the White poppy.[108][109]

Japan edit

 
Cherry blossoms
 
Chrysanthemum morifolium
The cherry blossom and Chrysanthemum morifolium are usually considered the national flowers of Japan.

Japan's national government has never formally named a national flower, as with other symbols such as the green pheasant, which was named as national bird by a non-government body in 1947. In 1999, the national flag and anthem were standardised by law.

A de facto national flower for Japan for many is the sakura (cherry blossom), while a stylised depiction of a Chrysanthemum morifolium is used as the official emblem of the imperial family (Imperial Seal of Japan). The Paulownia blossom was also used by the imperial family in the past, but has since been appropriated by the Prime Minister and the government in general (Government Seal of Japan).[citation needed]

France edit

While France does not have an official national flower, the fleur-de-lis, which was a symbol of the royal family, as well as the cornflower (blue), marguerite (white), and red poppy, which together represent the tri-colored national flag, are also generally treated as French national flowers.[citation needed]

Vietnam edit

While Vietnam does not have an official flower, four plants are traditional regarded as the four graceful plants, namely: the lotus, the pine, bamboo, and the chrysanthemum.[7][110] The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is generally regarded as the unofficial national flower of Vietnam,[111] as portrayed, for example, on their postage stamps.[112] In Vietnamese tradition, the lotus is regarded as the symbol of purity, commitment and optimism for the future.[7]

See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ "The National Flower of Nigeria: Costus Spectabilis | Nigerian Embassy in Tel-Aviv, Israel". www.nigerianembassy.co.il. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
  3. ^ "The Mysterious and Exotic Plants of Seychelles | | International Magazine Kreol". kreolmagazine.com. March 2012. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  4. ^ "South Africa's National Flower". www.southafrica-newyork.net. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  5. ^ "National Symbols". Bhutan.Travel. Tourism Council of Bhutan. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  6. ^ "National flower renamed as Meconopsis gakyidiana". Bhutan Broadcasting Service Corporation Limited. Bhutan Broadcasting Service. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i . Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Archived from the original on 20 January 2012.
  8. ^ (PDF). Forestry Administration of Cambodia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2007-06-08.
  9. ^ "The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet". The Plant List. July 4, 2014. Retrieved 4 July 2014.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on August 19, 2017.
  11. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-10-31. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
  12. ^ Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "بررسی سیر تاریخی مفاهیم گل نیلوفر آبی(لوتوس) در هنرومعماری اسلامی و ایرانی تاملی اجمالی بر تجلی نماد نیلوفرآبی در هنرهای آریائی ، شرقی وایرانی – اسلامی". 25 November 1394.
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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to National flowers.
  • County flowers page
  • BBC coverage of the county flowers competition
  • Provincial Floral Emblems of Canada - The Canadian Encyclopedia
  • List of national flowers by country

January 19, 2024
list, national, flowers, number, countries, plants, have, been, chosen, symbols, represent, specific, geographic, areas, some, countries, have, country, wide, floral, emblem, others, addition, have, symbols, representing, subdivisions, different, processes, ha. In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas Some countries have a country wide floral emblem others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions Different processes have been used to adopt these symbols some are conferred by government bodies whereas others are the result of informal public polls The term floral emblem which refers to flowers specifically is primarily used in Australia and Canada In the United States the term state flower is more often used Contents 1 National plants 1 1 Africa 1 1 1 Mauritius 1 1 2 Nigeria 1 1 3 Seychelles 1 1 4 South Africa 1 1 5 Tunisia 1 2 Asia 1 2 1 Afghanistan 1 2 2 Bangladesh 1 2 3 Bhutan 1 2 4 Brunei 1 2 5 Cambodia 1 2 6 Hong Kong 1 2 7 India 1 2 8 Indonesia 1 2 9 Iran 1 2 10 Israel 1 2 11 Japan 1 2 12 Jordan 1 2 13 Laos 1 2 14 Malaysia 1 2 15 Maldives 1 2 16 Mongolia 1 2 17 Myanmar 1 2 18 Nepal 1 2 19 North Korea 1 2 20 Pakistan 1 2 21 Philippines 1 2 22 Singapore 1 2 23 South Korea 1 2 24 Sri Lanka 1 2 25 Taiwan 1 2 26 Thailand 1 2 27 Vietnam 1 3 Europe 1 3 1 Andorra 1 3 2 Austria 1 3 3 Belgium 1 3 4 Bulgaria 1 3 5 Croatia 1 3 6 Cyprus 1 3 7 Czech Republic 1 3 8 Denmark 1 3 9 Estonia 1 3 10 Finland 1 3 11 France 1 3 12 Guernsey 1 3 13 Iceland 1 3 14 Lithuania 1 3 15 Netherlands 1 3 16 Poland 1 3 17 Portugal 1 3 18 Romania 1 3 19 Russia 1 3 20 Serbia 1 3 21 Slovakia 1 3 22 Spain 1 3 23 Sweden 1 3 24 Switzerland 1 3 25 Turkey 1 3 26 United Kingdom 1 3 27 Ukraine 1 4 North America 1 4 1 Canada 1 4 2 Mexico 1 4 3 United States 1 5 Central America and the Caribbean 1 5 1 Antigua and Barbuda 1 5 2 The Bahamas 1 5 3 Barbados 1 5 4 Belize 1 5 5 Costa Rica 1 5 6 Cuba 1 5 7 Dominica 1 5 8 Dominican Republic 1 5 9 Guatemala 1 5 10 Haiti 1 5 11 Honduras 1 5 12 Jamaica 1 5 13 Nicaragua 1 6 Oceania 1 6 1 Australia 1 6 2 French Polynesia 1 6 3 Fiji 1 6 4 New Zealand 1 6 5 Tonga 1 7 South America 1 7 1 Argentina 1 7 2 Bolivia 1 7 3 Brazil 1 7 4 Chile 1 7 5 Colombia 1 7 6 Guyana 1 7 7 Peru 1 7 8 Paraguay 1 7 9 Suriname 1 7 10 Uruguay 1 7 11 Venezuela 2 Subnational plants 2 1 Australia 2 2 Norway 2 3 United Kingdom 2 3 1 County flowers 3 Unofficial plants 3 1 Armenia 3 2 Azerbaijan 3 3 Belarus 3 4 China 3 5 Ecuador 3 6 Egypt 3 7 Guinea 3 8 Italy 3 9 Japan 3 10 France 3 11 Vietnam 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksNational plants editAfrica edit Mauritius edit The national flower of Mauritius is Ruizia boutoniana 1 Nigeria edit The national flower of Nigeria is Costus spectabilis which is commonly known as Yellow Trumpet 2 Seychelles edit The national flower of the Seychelles is the tropicbird orchid known locally as orkid payanke Angraecum eburneum 3 South Africa edit The national flower of South Africa is the King Protea Protea cynaroides 4 Tunisia edit The national flower of Tunisia is jasmine It was chosen as a symbol for the 2010 Tunisian Revolution Asia edit Afghanistan edit The national flower of Afghanistan is the Tulip It is called Lala لاله in the Farsi language and Khatol in the Pashto language citation needed Bangladesh edit The national flower of Bangladesh is the water lily Nymphaea nouchali It is called Shapla শ পল in the Bengali language Bhutan edit The national flower of Bhutan is the blue poppy 5 Previously misidentified as the non native Meconopsis grandis national flower of Bhutan was identified in 2017 as Meconopsis gakyidiana a new distinct species 6 Brunei edit The national flower of Brunei is Simpoh Ayer Dillenia suffruticosa 7 Cambodia edit nbsp Cambodia s national flower the romduolCambodia formally adopted the romduol Khmer រ ដ ល as its national flower in the year 2005 by a royal decree 8 The royal decree designates the taxon as Mitrella mesnyi however this is a taxonomically illegitimate synonym for Sphaerocoryne affinis 9 Hong Kong edit The symbolic flower of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong orchid tree 洋紫荊 Bauhinia blakeana citation needed India edit The national flower of India is the lotus flower Nelumbo nucifera 10 It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position in the art and mythology of ancient India and has been an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial Indonesia edit nbsp Jasminum sambac the national flower of Indonesia and the PhilippinesMain article List of Indonesian floral emblems There are three types of floral emblems used to symbolize Indonesia The puspa bangsa national flower of Indonesia is melati Jasminum sambac The puspa pesona flower of charm is anggrek bulan or moon orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis 7 The puspa langka rare flower is padma raksasa rafflesia Rafflesia arnoldii All three were chosen on World Environment Day in 1990 11 and enforced by law through Presidential Decree Keputusan Presiden No 4 1993 12 On the other occasion Bunga Bangkai Titan arum was also added as puspa langka together with Rafflesia Melati Jasminum sambac a small white flower with sweet fragrance has long been considered a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition as it symbolizes purity sacredness graceful simplicity and sincerity For example on her wedding day a traditional Indonesian bride s hair is often adorned with arrangements of jasmine while the groom s kris is often adorned with a lock of jasmine However jasmine is also often used as a floral offering for spirits and deities and also often present during funerals which has caused it to be seen as having mystical and sacred properties Moon orchid was chosen for its beauty while the other two rare flowers Rafflesia arnoldii and Titan arum were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesia s rich biodiversity Each of the 34 provinces of Indonesia also has a native plant as its provincial flower Iran edit nbsp Water lily Iran s national symbolic flowerThe national flower of Iran is the water lily which is also called nymphaea Niloofare Abi in Persian The flower is the national flower of Iran since the Achaemenid Empire era 552 BC 13 nbsp Darius the great holds a water lily In PersepolisIsrael edit nbsp The poppy anemone Israel s national flowerThe national flower of Israel is the poppy anemone Anemone coronaria calanit metzuya in Hebrew chosen in 2013 to replace Cyclamen persicum 14 15 Japan edit The national flower of Japan is the Sakura blossom Jordan edit The national flower of Jordan is Black iris Iris nigricans 16 Laos edit The national flower of Laos is the plumeria champa 7 despite it no longer being endemic Malaysia edit nbsp The Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus rosa sinensis Malaysia s national flowerThe national flower of Malaysia is the bunga raya Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus rosa sinensis 7 17 Maldives edit The national flower of the Maldives is the pink polyantha rose Rosa polyantha called fiyaathoshi finifenmaa 18 Mongolia edit The national flower of Mongolia is Scabiosa comosa Mongolian ber ceceg ber tsetseg 19 Myanmar edit The national flower of Myanmar is Pterocarpus indicus paduak 7 Nepal edit nbsp The rhododendron the national flower of the Himalayan Republic of NepalThe national flower of Nepal is the rhododendron 20 North Korea edit The national flower of North Korea is the Korean mountain magnolia Magnolia sieboldii Korean 목란 木蘭 mongnan 21 Pakistan edit The national flower of Pakistan is common jasmine also known as Jasminum officinale 22 Philippines edit The Philippines adopted the sampaguita Arabian jasmine Jasminum sambac in 1934 as its national flower because it symbolises purity and cleanliness due to its colour and sweet smell 7 It is popularly strung into garlands that are presented to visitors and dignitaries and is a common adornment on religious images Sampaguita in the Filipino language is a direct loan word from the Indian sanskrit word campaka 23 24 Plants of some species of flowers like sampaguita fruits like mango and nangka vegetables like ampalaya patola malunggay name of Philippine s pre Christian chief god Bathala from sanskrit Bhattara Guru came from India during pre Spanish Indianised trade and influences 25 Among strong traces of continuity of Hindu influence in Philippines are placing of sampaguita garland around the neck of visitors to show hospitality and friendship throwing the rice over bride and groom for prosperity performing paninilbihan paying dowry visiting a shrine to pray for fertility etc 26 Singapore edit The national flower of Singapore is a hybrid orchid cultivar known as the Singapore orchid or Vanda Miss Joaquim Papilionanthe teres Papilionanthe hookeriana citation needed South Korea edit The national flower of South Korea is Hibiscus syriacus 27 Known in South Korea as mugunghwa Korean 무궁화 the flower s symbolism relates to the Korean word mugung which means eternity or inexhaustible abundance 28 Despite being made the national flower officially after Korea regained its independence from Japan mugunghwa has been associated with Korean culture for many centuries with the Silla kingdom having called itself the Country of the Mugunghwa Korean 근화향 Romanized Geunhwahyang 29 Sri Lanka edit nbsp Nymphaea nouchali is the national flower of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka The national flower of Sri Lanka is Nil manel න ල ම න ල the blue star water lily Nymphaea stellata 30 31 Although nil means blue in Sinhala the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as water lily in English This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the Sigiriya frescoes and has been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit Pali and Sinhala literary works Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince Siddhartha s footprint 32 33 Taiwan edit Main article National Flower of the Republic of China The national flower of the Republic of China was officially designated as the plum blossom by the Executive Yuan on 21 July 1964 34 The plum blossom known as the meihua Chinese 梅花 pinyin meihua is a symbol of resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity because plum trees often bloom most vibrantly even during the harshest winters 35 36 The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr Sun Yat sen s Three Principles of the People while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government 34 35 Thailand edit The national flower of Thailand is the Golden Shower Tree Cassia fistula locally known as dok khuen or rachapruek 7 Vietnam edit nbsp The Lotus flower is used as the logo of national flag carrier Vietnam AirlinesThe national flower of Vietnam is the lotus flower Nelumbo nucifera 37 Europe edit Andorra edit Andorra Narcissus poeticus citation needed Austria edit The national flower of Austria is edelweiss Leontopodium nivale citation needed Belgium edit Brussels Iris pseudacorus citation needed Flanders poppy 38 Wallonia Gaillardia citation needed Bulgaria edit Bulgaria rose citation needed Croatia edit Croatia Iris croatica unofficial 39 Cyprus edit Cyprus Cyclamen cyprium 40 Czech Republic edit Czech Republic Tilia citation needed Denmark edit Denmark red clover Trifolium pratense and marguerite daisy Argyranthemum frutescens The latter is often modified to oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare a rather similar species that is native to the country the marguerite daisy is not 41 Estonia edit Estonia cornflower citation needed Finland edit Finland lily of the valley 42 France edit France Iris sibirica citation needed Brittany Ulex and heather citation needed Guernsey edit Guernsey Nerine sarniensis 43 Iceland edit Iceland White dryad Dryas octopetala citation needed Lithuania edit Lithuania Ruta graveolens 44 Netherlands edit While most people believe it to be the tulip the actual national flower of the Netherlands is the daisy Bellis perennis It was elected in a public vote in 2023 45 Poland edit Poland red poppy 44 Kashubia region Kashubian vetch 46 Portugal edit Portugal does not officially have a national flower though the lavender is commonly cited 47 48 The carnation Dianthus caryophyllus is also a symbol of the nation s triumph against the authoritarian far right Estado Novo dictatorship known as the Carnation Revolution Romania edit Romania peony 49 Russia edit Russia chamomile 44 Serbia edit nbsp Natalie s ramondaThe national flower of Serbia is Natalie s ramonda Ramonda nathaliae It is considered a symbol of Serbia s struggle and victory in World War I with country suffering the largest casualty rate relative to its population 50 To commemorate Serbian soldiers who died in war as well as the resurrection of the country after the devastating war people wear artificial Natalie s ramonda as a symbol of remembrance especially during week leading up to Armistice Day which is a public holiday 51 Slovakia edit Slovakia Tilia citation needed SloveniaThe national flower of Slovenia is a carnation It is traditionally present at all significant moments of someone s life White carnations can be traditionally present at Slovenian christenings and at Slovenian weddings where the bride has a white carnation flower stuck in her hair and the groom wears a white carnation pinned to his breast pocket or buttonhole While white carnation represents happiness and celebration red carnation has a more diverse meaning in Slovenian culture First meaning comes from French and Russian revolutionaries and symbolises revolution and workers Red carnations also symbolise love and courtship In folksongs and folk traditions when young men in the country villages were calling girls in the night under their windows and serenading them receiving a red carnation bouquet meant that the serenaded girl accepted their courtship Finally at the funeral of a loved one their acquaintances friends and family bid a final farewell to the deceased by each throwing a red carnation into the open grave Furthermore carnations often appear embroidered on tablecloths handkerchiefs blouses bed linen lace and on parts of Slovenian national costume such as skirts trouser legs and traditional headwear especially avba Additionally carnations are often flowers hanging from flowerbeds on balconies and windows which is a source of pride for Slovenian homes This can be observed throughout Slovenia most prominently in Gorenjska and Stajerska regions 52 Spain edit Spain carnation 53 54 Sweden edit The national flower of Sweden is Campanula rotundifolia 55 It won a public vote in 2021 56 Switzerland edit The national flower of Switzerland is edelweiss Leontopodium nivale citation needed Turkey edit The national flower of Turkey is the tulip citation needed United Kingdom edit nbsp Milk thistle flowerheadEach of the United Kingdom s four constituent regions has one or more national flower England Tudor rose 57 Wales daffodil 58 leek 57 Northern Ireland flax flower 59 clover leaf Scotland thistle 57 Scots pine 60 Ukraine edit Ukraine sunflower citation needed North America edit Canada edit The maple leaf is widely used as a symbol for Canada The maple tree was officially recognized as Canada s arboreal emblem in 1996 61 Canada s provinces and territories also have official provincial or territorial floral emblems Ontario white trillium Trillium grandiflorum adopted in 1937 62 Quebec blue flag Iris versicolor adopted in November 1999 63 64 Nova Scotia mayflower Epigea repens adopted in 1901 65 New Brunswick purple violet Viola cucullata adopted in 1936 66 Manitoba prairie crocus Pulsatilla ludoviciana adopted in 1906 67 British Columbia Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttallii adopted in 1956 68 Prince Edward Island lady s slipper Cypripedium acaule a species of orchid adopted in 1947 69 Saskatchewan western red lily Lilium philadelphicum var andinum adopted in 1941 70 Alberta wild rose Rosa acicularis also known as the prickly rose adopted in 1930 71 Newfoundland and Labrador northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea adopted in 1954 It was first chosen as a symbol of Newfoundland by Queen Victoria and was used on the island s coinage until 1938 72 Northwest Territories mountain avens Dryas octopetala adopted in 1957 73 Yukon fireweed Epilobium angustifolium adopted in 1957 74 Nunavut purple saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia unanimously adopted by the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut on May 1 2000 75 Many Canadian flags and coats of arms have floral emblems on them The flag of Montreal has four floral emblems On the right side of the flag of Saskatchewan overlapping both green and gold halves is the western red lily the provincial floral emblem The coat of arms of Port Coquitlam has the city s floral emblem the azalea displayed on a collar The coat of arms of Prince Edward Island displays lady s slippers the floral emblem of the island When coat of arms of Nova Scotia were reassumed in 1929 the trailing arbutus or mayflower the floral emblem of Nova Scotia was added Mexico edit The national flower of Mexico is the dahlia Dahlia pinnata citation needed United States edit In 1986 President Ronald Reagan signed legislation to make the rose the national floral emblem of the United States 76 77 In each of the U S states state flowers and trees have also been adopted as symbols by state legislatures Central America and the Caribbean edit Antigua and Barbuda edit The national flower of Antigua and Barbuda is Agave karatto also known as dagger log or batta log 78 The Bahamas edit nbsp Tecoma stansThe national flower of the Bahamas is the Yellow Elder Tecoma stans 79 Barbados edit The national flower of Barbados is known locally as the Pride of Barbados Caesalpinia pulcherrima 80 Belize edit The national flower of Belize is the black orchid Prosthechea cochleata 81 Costa Rica edit The national flower of Costa Rica is the guaria morada Guarianthe skinneri 82 Cuba edit The national flower of Cuba since October 13 1936 is the white ginger lily 83 Dominica edit The national flower of Dominica is Sabinea carinalis commonly known as Carib wood or Bois Caraibe 84 Dominican Republic edit nbsp The Bayahibe Rose the national flower of the Dominican RepublicThe Dominican Republic s national flower was originally the flower of the caoba mahogany tree Swietenia mahagoni In 2011 the mahogany was dubbed the national tree vacating the national flower spot for the Bayahibe rose Pereskia quisqueyana in order to bring attention to its conservation 85 Guatemala edit The national flower of Guatemala is the monja blanca Lycaste skinneri var alba 86 Haiti edit nbsp Hibiscus the national flower of HaitiThe national flower of Haiti is the Choeblack or rose kayenn Hibiscus 87 88 Honduras edit The national flower of Honduras is the orchid Rhyncholaelia digbyana 89 Jamaica edit The national flower of Jamaica is the lignum vitae Guaiacum officinale 90 Nicaragua edit nbsp The SacuanjocheThe national flower of Nicaragua is known as the sacuanjoche plumeria rubra The sacuanjoche flower Plumeria grows on a conical tree that flowers around May Sacuanjoche flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them The flowers have no nectar and simply dupe their pollinators Oceania edit nbsp Golden Wattle the floral emblem of Australia since 1988 nbsp New Zealand s floral emblem the KowhaiAustralia edit The Golden Wattle Acacia pycnantha was officially proclaimed the floral emblem of Australia on 1 September 1988 91 French Polynesia edit The Tahitian gardenia tiare flower is the national flower of Tahiti French Polynesia and the Cook Islands citation needed Fiji edit The national flower of Fiji is tagimaucia Medinilla waterhousei a vine with red and white flowers endemic to the highlands of the island of Taveuni citation needed New Zealand edit New Zealand does not have an official national flower but the silver fern foliage is acknowledged as its national emblem 92 The Kōwhai Sophora spp native trees with yellow cascading flowers is usually regarded as the national flower Other plant emblems are Koru a curled fern symbol and the crimson flowered Pohutukawa Metrosideros excelsa also called New Zealand s Christmas tree citation needed Tonga edit The heilala Garcinia sessilis is Tonga s national flower The name of Tonga s beauty pageant the Heilala Festival is taken from this flower Resorts as well as consumer products are also often named after this flower such as the Heilala Lodge and Heilala Vanilla The flower is also used in Tonga for medicinal and ornamental purposes citation needed South America edit Argentina edit nbsp The flower of the ceibo tree the national flower of Argentina and UruguayThe national flower of Argentina is the flower of the ceibo tree Erythrina crista galli also known as seibo or bucare 93 Bolivia edit Bolivia has two national flowers the kantuta Cantua buxifolia and patuju Heliconia rostrata 94 Brazil edit The national flower of Brazil is the flower of the golden trumpet tree Handroanthus albus citation needed Chile edit nbsp Copihue the national flower of ChileThe national flower of Chile is the copihue Lapageria rosea citation needed Colombia edit Cattleya trianae is the national flower of Colombia and is the orchid which flowers in May The May flower was chosen because the colors are the same as those of the Colombian flag citation needed Guyana edit The national flower of Guyana is the Victoria regia lily Victoria amazonica citation needed Peru edit The national flower of Peru is the cantuta also spelled kantuta or qantuta from Quechua qantu It can be found in the high valleys of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia citation needed Paraguay edit The national flower of Paraguay is Mburucuya citation needed Suriname edit Called faya lobi fiery love in Sranantongo the jungle geranium Ixora coccinea is commonly considered a symbol of Suriname citation needed Uruguay edit nbsp Cattleya mossiae the national flower of VenezuelaThe national flower of Uruguay is the flower of the ceibo tree Erythrina crista galli citation needed Venezuela edit The national flower of Venezuela is the Flor de Mayo Cattleya mossiae an orchid citation needed Subnational plants editSee also List of Indian state flowers List of U S state flowers List of U S state trees County flowers of the United Kingdom and Province flowers of Sweden Country Subdivision Name Pictures Notes nbsp Canada Alberta Wild Rose 95 nbsp British Columbia Pacific Dogwood citation needed nbsp Manitoba Prairie Crocus citation needed nbsp New Brunswick Purple Violet citation needed nbsp Newfoundland and Labrador Pitcher plant citation needed nbsp The pitcher plant was officially declared as the provincial flower in 1954 but had appeared on the colony s coinage as early as the 1880s It can be found in the marshlands of the province feeding on insects that fall into its leaves and drown Northwest Territories Mountain Avens citation needed nbsp Nova Scotia Mayflower citation needed nbsp Nunavut Purple Saxifrage citation needed nbsp Ontario White Trillium citation needed nbsp Prince Edward Island Pink Lady s Slipper citation needed nbsp Quebec Blue Flag Iris citation needed nbsp The Blue Flag Iris replaced the Madonna Lily in 1999 since the lily was not native to Quebec Saskatchewan Western Red Lily citation needed nbsp Yukon Fireweed citation needed nbsp nbsp Sweden Smaland Linnaea borealis citation needed nbsp The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus sw Carl von Linne 1707 1778 often called the father of taxonomy or The flower king was born in Almhult in Smaland He gave the Twinflower its Latin name based on his own Latin Linnaea borealis because of his particular fondness of it The flower has become Smaland s provincial flower nbsp China nbsp Hong Kong Bauhinia blakeana citation needed nbsp The blossom native to the territory was chosen as the logo of the Urban Council in 1965 and was later incorporated into the flag and emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People s Republic of China after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty nbsp Macau Nelumbo nucifera citation needed nbsp A stylised depiction of the flower can be seen in the territory s flag nbsp Ireland County Offaly citation needed Bog rosemary 96 nbsp nbsp Pakistan nbsp Islamabad Capital Territory Neeli GulmohurHybrid tea rose citation needed nbsp nbsp The floral emblems of the four constituting provinces of Pakistan however they are all unofficial and are not recognised by the new Federal Government of Pakistan nbsp Balochistan Silver date palm treeTulipa sylvestris citation needed nbsp nbsp nbsp Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Afghan pineTulipa clusiana citation needed nbsp nbsp nbsp The Punjab Indian rosewoodSadabahar citation needed nbsp nbsp nbsp Sindh Indian lilac treeSindhi lotus citation needed nbsp nbsp nbsp Gilgit Baltistan Himalayan deodarAlpine Blue Star citation needed nbsp nbsp nbsp Azad Jammu and Kashmir Chinar tree Kashmir maple tree citation needed Snow Rose citation needed nbsp nbsp nbsp Spain Catalonia Weaver s Broom 97 Spartium junceum nbsp Usually along with red poppiesGalicia Gorse flower 98 Ulex europaeus nbsp Australia edit Main article List of Australian floral emblems Australian Capital Territory Royal Bluebell Wahlenbergia gloriosa citation needed New South Wales New South Wales Waratah Telopea speciosissima citation needed Northern Territory Sturt s Desert Rose Gossypium sturtianum citation needed Queensland Cooktown Orchid Dendrobium phalaenopsis citation needed South Australia Sturt s Desert Pea Swainsona formosa citation needed Tasmania Tasmanian Blue Gum Eucalyptus globulus citation needed Victoria Pink Common Heath Epacris impressa citation needed Western Australia Red and Green Kangaroo Paw Anigozanthos manglesii citation needed Norway edit Lily of the valley was chosen as the county flower of Ostfold 99 Globe flower is the county flower of Troms 100 United Kingdom edit nbsp The Tudor rose is a combination of the red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York Each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has a traditional floral emblem England officially the Tudor rose 101 57 or unofficially the red rose and English oak Northern Ireland the flax 59 orange lily or shamrock citation needed Scotland the Scotch thistle Scottish bluebell harebell or heather citation needed Wales the daffodil leek Tudor Rose or sessile oak citation needed County flowers edit Main article County flowers of the United Kingdom A county flower is a flowering plant chosen to symbolise a county They exist primarily in the United Kingdom but some counties in other countries also have them One or two county flowers have a long history in England the red rose of Lancashire dates from the Middle Ages for instance However the county flower concept was only extended to cover the whole United Kingdom in 2002 as a promotional tool by a charity In that year the plant conservation charity Plantlife ran a competition to choose county flowers for all counties to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II Plantlife s scheme is loosely based on Britain s historic counties and so some current local government areas are not represented by a flower and some of the counties included no longer exist as administrative areas Flowers were also chosen for thirteen major cities Belfast Birmingham Bristol Cardiff Edinburgh Glasgow Leeds Liverpool London Manchester Newcastle upon Tyne Nottingham and Sheffield The Isles of Scilly was also treated as a county distinct from Cornwall for the purpose of the scheme The Isle of Man was included even though it is not a county but a self governing territory outside of the United Kingdom with an existing national flower the ragwort or cushag 102 The Channel Islands were not included A total of 94 flowers was chosen in the competition 85 of the 109 counties have a unique county flower but several species were chosen by more than one county Foxglove or Digitalis purpurea was chosen for four counties Argyll Birmingham Leicestershire and Monmouthshire more than any other species The following species were chosen for three counties each Bog Rosemary Andromeda polifolia Cardiganshire Kirkcudbright and Tyrone Cowslip Primula veris Northamptonshire Surrey and Worcestershire Harebell Campanula rotundifolia Antrim Dumfriesshire and Yorkshire Thrift Armeria maritima Buteshire Pembrokeshire and the Isles of Scilly And the following species were chosen for two counties Grass of parnassus Parnassia palustris Cumberland and Sutherland Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas Essex and Norfolk In addition Sticky Catchfly Lychnis viscaria was chosen for both Edinburgh and Midlothian the county containing Edinburgh For most counties native species were chosen but for a small number of counties non natives were chosen mainly archaeophytes Unofficial plants editArmenia edit No plant or flower seems to be among the current official symbols 103 Some flowering plants from the area include Althaea armeniaca Armenian Basket Muscari armeniacum Armenian Poppy Armenian vartig vargit and Tulipa armena Azerbaijan edit Azerbaijan currently has no official national flower Traditionally various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned The city of Shusha named the Khari Bulbul Ophrys caucasica the floral emblem of the Nagorno Karabakh 104 Belarus edit The unofficial national flower of Belarus is wild blue flax 44 Centaurea China edit China currently has no official national flower Traditionally various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned In 1903 the Qing dynasty named the peony 牡丹 the floral emblem of the nation The peony has long been considered a flower of wealth and honor in China citation needed The puppet state Manchukuo followed Japan s model of dual floral emblems the spring orchid Cymbidium goeringii for the Emperor and the imperial household and the sorghum blossom Sorghum bicolor for the state and the nation citation needed The plum blossom meihua Chinese 梅花 pinyin meihua has also been one of the most beloved flowers in Chinese culture The Republic of China government named the plum blossom as the national flower in 1964 34 The plum blossom is symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity because plum blossoms often bloom most vibrantly even amidst the harsh winter snow 34 35 36 The People s Republic of China which has controlled mainland China since 1949 has no official floral emblem There have been several petitions in recent years to officially adopt one However the government has not taken any action yet A poll in 2005 showed that 41 of the public supports peony as the national flower while 36 supported the plum blossom 105 Some scholars have suggested that the peony and plum blossoms may be designated as dual national flowers In addition the orchid jasmine daffodil and chrysanthemum have also been held as possible floral symbols of China Ecuador edit No flower has been officially declared as a national symbol Unofficially the rose and the orchid are claimed to hold that title 106 Egypt edit Both Blue Egyptian Lotus and White Egyptian Lotus are regarded as Egypt s national flowers and they appear in many Ancient Egyptian paintings and monuments citation needed Guinea edit In a 2018 public vote Vernonia djalonensis was voted as the national flower of Guinea a decision which is currently awaiting government approval 107 Italy edit Italy doesn t have an official floral emblem though the Lily lilium is commonly cited Other less common options are the Rose and the White poppy 108 109 Japan edit nbsp Cherry blossoms nbsp Chrysanthemum morifoliumThe cherry blossom and Chrysanthemum morifolium are usually considered the national flowers of Japan Japan s national government has never formally named a national flower as with other symbols such as the green pheasant which was named as national bird by a non government body in 1947 In 1999 the national flag and anthem were standardised by law A de facto national flower for Japan for many is the sakura cherry blossom while a stylised depiction of a Chrysanthemum morifolium is used as the official emblem of the imperial family Imperial Seal of Japan The Paulownia blossom was also used by the imperial family in the past but has since been appropriated by the Prime Minister and the government in general Government Seal of Japan citation needed France edit While France does not have an official national flower the fleur de lis which was a symbol of the royal family as well as the cornflower blue marguerite white and red poppy which together represent the tri colored national flag are also generally treated as French national flowers citation needed Vietnam edit While Vietnam does not have an official flower four plants are traditional regarded as the four graceful plants namely the lotus the pine bamboo and the chrysanthemum 7 110 The lotus Nelumbo nucifera is generally regarded as the unofficial national flower of Vietnam 111 as portrayed for example on their postage stamps 112 In Vietnamese tradition the lotus is regarded as the symbol of purity commitment and optimism for the future 7 See also editTudor roseReferences edit Republic of Mauritius National Flower www govmu org Retrieved 2018 05 21 The National Flower of Nigeria Costus Spectabilis Nigerian Embassy in Tel Aviv Israel www nigerianembassy co il Retrieved 2023 09 11 The Mysterious and Exotic Plants of Seychelles International Magazine Kreol kreolmagazine com March 2012 Retrieved 2018 05 21 South Africa s National Flower www southafrica newyork net Retrieved 2018 05 21 National Symbols Bhutan Travel Tourism Council of Bhutan Retrieved 11 February 2022 National flower renamed as Meconopsis gakyidiana Bhutan Broadcasting Service Corporation Limited Bhutan Broadcasting Service 30 March 2017 Retrieved 11 February 2022 a b c d e f g h i ASEAN National Flowers Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN Archived from the original on 20 January 2012 ROYAL DECREE on Designation of Animals and Plants as National Symbols of the Kingdom of Cambodia PDF Forestry Administration of Cambodia Archived from the original PDF on 2007 06 30 Retrieved 2007 06 08 The Plant List 2013 Version 1 1 Published on the Internet The Plant List July 4 2014 Retrieved 4 July 2014 National identity elements National flower Archived from the original on August 19 2017 ASEANWEB ASEAN National Flowers Archived from the original on 2011 10 31 Retrieved 2011 10 23 Keputusan Presiden No 4 Tahun 1993 Archived 2012 04 02 at the Wayback Machine بررسی سیر تاریخی مفاهیم گل نیلوفر آبی لوتوس در هنرومعماری اسلامی و ایرانی تاملی اجمالی بر تجلی نماد نیلوفرآبی در هنرهای آریائی شرقی وایرانی اسلامی 25 November 1394 הכלנית הזוכה בתחרות הפרח של ישראל ynet November 25th 2013 Calanit the anemone crowned as Israel s national flower National News Jerusalem Post www jpost com Retrieved 2019 04 18 Wildlife and Vegetation kinghussein gov jo Government of Jordan Retrieved 2015 05 10 Lian Michelle Hibiscus Malaysia s national pride AllMalaysia info Sponsored by Maldives Airports Company Limited A tribute to the Maldives Environment Archived from the original on 2008 09 07 Retrieved 2009 09 29 B MӨNGӨNTAMIR 2014 10 27 Mongolia has named its national flower News MN Retrieved 2020 08 31 Plants Animals and Birds of Nepal Nepal Vista Retrieved 14 October 2013 North Korea Quarterly Institute of Asian Affairs 1988 Rose of Sharon is no longer the national flower as in South Korea but mongnan magnolia It is because the rose of Sharon cannot be grown for next generations with seeds while magnolia can be National Symbols of Pakistan Official Gateway to the Government of Pakistan archived from the original on 28 November 2016 retrieved 28 July 2016 William Henry Scott 1984 Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History accessed 1 July 2021 Jean Paul G POTET 2013 Arabian and Persian loanwords in Tagalog p 250 M c Halili 2004 Philippine History Rex Bookstore p 49 Cecilio D Duka 2008 Struggle for Freedom Rex Bookstore p 35 Korea net The Korean rose 8 May 2018 National Administration gt National Symbols of the Republic of Korea gt the National Flower Mugunghwa Sri Lanka National Flower gov lk Government of Sri Lanka Archived from the original on December 28 2008 Retrieved 2009 05 06 Zeylanica Nymphaea stellata Archived from the original on 2009 07 18 Retrieved 2009 08 23 National Stats of Bangladesh park org Retrieved 2019 04 18 National Flower www mysrilanka com Retrieved 2019 04 18 a b c d Government Information Office Republic of China National Flower Archived 2011 08 05 at the Wayback Machine a b c National Flag Anthem and Flower a b The Three Friends of Winter Paintings of Pine Plum and Bamboo from the Museum Collection Taipei National Palace Museum January 2003 Retrieved 31 July 2011 Tian D K Mo H B Zhang W W Huang X Li C Xu Y Y May 2014 PROGRESS ON INTERNATIONAL LOTUS REGISTRATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF INTERNATIONAL NELUMBO DATABASE Acta Horticulturae 1035 79 85 doi 10 17660 ActaHortic 2014 1035 9 ISSN 0567 7572 National Native and Popular Flower of Belgium The Flower Expert Flowers Encyclopedia The Flower Expert Retrieved 2019 04 18 James Minahan The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems Vol 1 p 364 at Google Books TO E8NIKO FYTO THS KYPROY PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2012 02 08 Retrieved 2018 06 10 Nationalplanter og dyr Nationalplants and animals in Danish Naturstyrelsen Danish Ministry of the Environment Retrieved 28 December 2019 Lily of the valley Nationalparks fi www nationalparks fi Retrieved 2019 04 18 It s time nerines got more recognition Guernsey Press 4 April 2017 a b c d James Minahan The complete guide to national symbols and emblems Vol 1 Greenwood Press 2009 Winnaar Madeliefje is onze Nationale Bloem Vroege Vogels BNNVARA Wirtualny atlas roslin Wyka kaszubska Vicia cassubica atlas roslin pl Retrieved 2021 04 11 Portugal s national flower www theportugalnews com Retrieved 26 April 2021 20 Flores nacionais de diferentes paises e alguns dados curiosos sobre elas in Portuguese incrivel club 15 December 2020 Retrieved 26 April 2021 Nora de Angelli 20 May 2023 Bujorul romanesc cel mai cunoscut bujor de la noi sor ro in Romanian President honors Serbian WW1 soldiers in Greece In commemoration of Armistice Day President Tomislav Nikolic paid homage to fallen Serbian soldiers at the Greek island of Vido Serbia to mark Armistice Day as state holiday 9 November 2012 Retrieved 18 November 2018 Simbol slovenstva ob krstu je bel na krsti rdec vecer com in Slovenian Retrieved 2024 01 03 Norton Alberta 2016 09 23 Red Carnation The National flower of Spain Read National Retrieved 2019 08 22 Red Carnation The National Flower of Spain Helo National All about Nations and National stuff 2016 08 05 Retrieved 2019 08 22 Sveriges nationalblomma 13 March 2021 Resultat Nationalblomman 13 March 2021 a b c d United States Congress 1959 1873 Congressional Record Proceedings and Debates of the 86th Congress First Session Vol 105 1st ed United States Government Printing Office p 10345 eISSN 2380 2340 ISSN 0883 1947 OCLC 5058415 Retrieved 7 September 2023 Heeland Kelsey 14 March 2023 The National Flowers of the United Kingdom hattonsoflondon co uk Retrieved 7 September 2023 a b De Cleene Marcel Lejeune Marie Claire 2002 Compendium of Symbolic and Ritual Plants in Europe Herbs Man amp Culture Publishers p 236 ISBN 9077135049 OCLC 183137213 Retrieved 7 September 2023 Minahan James 23 December 2009 The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems Vol 2 ABC Clio p 521 ISBN 9780313344978 OCLC 1002080269 Retrieved 7 September 2023 Official symbols of Canada Government of Canada 3 March 2014 Retrieved 18 July 2015 Ontario Government of Canada 2013 08 13 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Quebec Government of Canada 2013 08 13 Retrieved 2015 07 18 L iris versicolore Gouvernement du Quebec 2014 01 03 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Nova Scotia Government of Canada 2013 08 13 Retrieved 2015 07 18 New Brunswick Government of Canada 2013 08 28 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Manitoba Government of Canada 2013 08 20 Retrieved 2015 07 18 British Columbia Government of Canada 2013 08 13 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Prince Edward Island Government of Canada 2013 09 04 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Saskatchewan Government of Canada 2013 08 20 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Alberta Government of Canada 2013 08 13 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Newfoundland and Labrador Government of Canada 2013 09 04 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Northwest Territories Government of Canada 2013 09 04 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Yukon Government of Canada 2013 09 04 Retrieved 2015 07 18 Nunavut Government of Canada 2013 09 04 Retrieved 2015 07 18 National Floral Emblem American Rose Society National Flower The Rose statesymbolsusa org 6 May 2014 Retrieved 2019 04 18 National Symbols Government of Antigua amp Barbuda Archived from the original on 2018 12 26 Retrieved 2008 02 10 The Yellow Elder The National Flower of the Bahamas The Government of The Bahamas The National Flower of Barbados The Government of Barbados Archived from the original on 2011 07 06 National Symbols Government of Belize Archived from the original on 2007 10 12 Retrieved 2008 04 06 Guaria Morada CostaRica Org 2017 05 24 Retrieved 2018 05 21 Mi Pais Portal Cuba cu mipais cuba cu Retrieved 2022 10 21 National Flower Office of the President presidentoffice gov dm Retrieved 2019 04 18 The Rose of Bayahibe our national flower Dominican Central July 17 2011 La Monja Blanca Flor Nacional de Guatemala Aprende Guatemala com Aprende Guatemala com in European Spanish 2017 02 01 Retrieved 2018 05 21 Embassy of the Republic of Haiti National Symbols Archived 2015 05 29 at the Wayback Machine Graves Kerry A 2002 Haiti Capstone p 57 ISBN 9780736869614 Retrieved 2 May 2015 Flor Nacional de Honduras Orquidea Rhyncholaelia Digbyana XplorHonduras Honduras in European Spanish 2012 08 16 Retrieved 2018 05 21 National Symbols of Jamaica jis gov jm Retrieved 2011 12 02 Australia s Floral Emblem Australian National Botanic Gardens Nationhood and identity teara govt nz About Argentina www argentina gov ar Constitution of Bolivia in Spanish 2009 ed Plurinational State of Bolivia pp Article 6 Canada ca 13 December 2013 Offaly South La Ginesta flor nacional de Catalunya PDF Retrieved 2020 03 18 Chorima Ostfold Troms Archived 2007 03 26 at the Wayback Machine National Flowers of the UK Archived 2009 01 09 at the Wayback Machine 10 Downing Street Retrieved 12 May 2009 Island Facts Isle of Man Government 2007 05 10 Archived from the original on 2007 05 10 Retrieved 2020 03 18 State symbols of the Republic of Armenia Website of the President of Armenia Monument to Khari bulbul to be erected in Turkey news az Retrieved 2019 04 18 民众呼吁尽快确定国花 梅花还是牡丹引起激辩 Chinese The public calls for speedy designation of national flower debates between plum blossom and peony Archived 2012 04 24 at the Wayback Machine Google Translate O Mahony Jennifer 2018 06 12 Guinea selects national flower for the first time with help from Kew Gardens The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved 2019 11 13 What Is The National Flower of Italy WhatsAnswer 2017 12 20 Retrieved 2021 12 31 What Is The National Flower of Italy Flowers Italy 2023 02 06 Retrieved 2023 02 06 Floral emblems of Vietnam and South East Asian nations VietNamNet Online Newspaper 3 November 2013 Archived from the original on 31 December 2013 Symbol of Vietnam Vietnam National flower Vietnam Travel Archived from the original on 2 March 2013 Retrieved 12 June 2017 Scott 874 and 875 show the lotus and flag respectively in honor of the first unified National Assembly general elections of 1976 Scott Publishing Company 2008 2009 Scott Standard Stamp Catalogue Vietnam Vol 6 New York p 1001 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link and again the flag and lotus are on the bicentennial issue Scot 3233 Scott Standard Stamp Catalogue 2008 page 1032External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to National flowers Plantlife County flowers page BBC coverage of the county flowers competition Provincial Floral Emblems of Canada The Canadian Encyclopedia National Flowers Buzzle com List of national flowers by country Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of national flowers amp oldid 1196577260, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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