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Småland

May 03, 2023

For other uses, see Småland (disambiguation).

Småland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsmǒːland] (listen)) is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden. Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name Småland literally means Small Lands.[2] The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages. The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken, at 377 metres (1,237 ft). In terms of total area, Småland is of a similar size as Belgium & Israel.

Småland
Historical province
Coat of arms
CountrySweden
LandGötaland
CountiesKronoberg County
Kalmar County
Jönköping County (most of)
Halland County (part of)
Östergötland County (part of)
Area
 • Total29,400 km2 (11,400 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2016)[1]
 • Total754,535
 • Density26/km2 (66/sq mi)
Ethnicity
 • LanguageSwedish
 • DialectSmåländska
 • DemonymSmålänning
Culture
 • FlowerTwinflower
 • AnimalOtter
 • BirdSong thrush
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal codes
28500-28799, 33000–34999, 35000–36999, 38000–39999, 55000–57999, 59000–59999 (shared with Östergötland)
Area codes0370-0372
0433
0459
0470–0478
0480–0493

Administration

The traditional provinces of Sweden no longer serve any governmental purpose, but they do remain important historically and culturally. The province of Småland today is divided almost entirely into the three administrative counties of Jönköping, Kalmar, and Kronoberg. Some few small portions of historic Småland are situated in Halland and Östergötland Counties.

Heraldry

Main article: Heraldry of Småland

The current coat of arms, granted in 1569, displays a rampant red lion carrying a crossbow, all on a golden background. The arms may be surmounted by a ducal coronet. The blazon in English would be, "Or, a lion rampant gules, langued and armed azure, holding in its front paws a crossbow of the second, bowed and stringed Sable with a bolt argent."

Population

The population of Småland was 754,535 as of 31 December 2016.

Geography

 
An image from a canyon in the forested Småland.

The land is dominated by a forested high plain in which the soil is mixed with sand and small boulders, making it barren in all but the coastal areas and unsuited for agriculture except in certain locations, most notably the Kalmar plains. The province is rich in lakes and bogs. The coast is marked by bays in the north (with an island archipelago offshore) and cultivated flatlands in the south. In total, cultivated land covers 14%, meadows cover 7%, and forests cover 50% of the surface of the province.[3] Other than lacking deep valleys, the landscape is similar to the Norrland terrain found further north in Sweden.[4]

The largest towns are Jönköping in the north-west, Växjö in the south, and Kalmar on the east coast near Öland Island.

Terrain

Småland comprises the central, eastern, and southern parts of the South Swedish highlands. In detail, the topography of Småland is a series of flat surfaces built upon or deformed by a geological dome.[5][6] The elevated terrain thought to be a buckle formed as result of far-away forces transmitted to Sweden.[7] The main surfaces are the Sub-Cambrian peneplain, the South Småland peneplain and the "200 m peneplain".[5][6] These surfaces and others are arranged in a stepped sequence called a piedmonttreppen.[6] In eastern Småland, the Sub-Cambrian peneplain dips gently to the sea.[5][A] To the West, this part of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain terminates along a north–south escarpment (running slightly to the east of Växjö) that separates it from other flat surfaces.[5] Central and northwestern Småland contains strings of isolated hills.[5]

The lakes and rivers of Småland are associated to zones of weak rock, either fractured, weathered, or both. The many lakes in Småland owe their existence to the creation of basins through the stripping of an irregular mantle of weathered rock by glacial erosion.[8] The Lagan and the Nissan drain western Småland, following for most of their courses zones of weak rock associated with the Protogine Zone.[5][9] Rusken, Rymmen, and Möckeln lakes are aligned with a more eastern branch of the Protogine Zone.[9] Canyons cut into the bedrock are common in central and northern Småland, with the area near Mörlunda containing various particularly narrow (<50 m) canyons.[10][11][B]

Climate

 
Camping site in Småland

The climate of Småland is divided between the oceanic climate of coastal areas such as Kalmar[12] and the humid continental climate of the interior higher areas such as Jönköping.[13] Southern interior areas such as Växjö have similar oceanic climates such as the coastline.[14] However, temperature average differences between areas are relatively small, since Småland lies in the continental/oceanic transition zone. Summer daytime averages are similar throughout the province, since all three major urban areas are on average around 22 °C (72 °F) with daytime winter temperatures hovering around the freezing point. The slightly colder nights averaging −5 °C (23 °F) in Jönköping are in keeping with its continental classification.[15] The locality of Målilla has the Swedish and Scandinavian all-time highest-measured temperature with 38 °C (100 °F) on June 1, 1947.[16]

History

The area was probably populated in the Stone Age from the south, by people moving along the coast up to Kalmar. Småland was populated by Stone Age peoples by at least 6000 BC, since the Alby People are known to have crossed the ice bridge across the Kalmar Strait at that time.

It is named Småland ("small lands") because it was an aggrupation of a dozen little (yet largely independent) territories: Kinda (today a part of Östergötland), Tveta, Vista, Vedbo, Tjust, Sevede, Aspeland, Handbörd, Möre, Värend, Finnveden, and Njudung. Each "small land" had its own law in the Viking age and early Middle Ages and could declare itself neutral in wars that Sweden was involved in — at least if the King had no army present at the parliamentary debate. Around 1350, during the reign of Magnus Eriksson, the first national law code was introduced in Sweden and the historic provinces lost much of their old autonomy.

The city of Kalmar is one of the oldest cities of Sweden. In the medieval period it was the southernmost and the third largest city in Sweden, when it was a center for export of iron, which, in many cases, was handled by German merchants. At that time, Scania and Blekinge were not part of Sweden.

Småland was the center of several peasant rebellions. The most nearly successful was the Dackefejden led by Nils Dacke in 1542 and 1543. When officials of king Gustav Vasa were assaulted and murdered, the king sent small expeditions to pacify the area; but all failed. Dacke was the virtual ruler of large parts of Småland during that Winter, though much troubled by a blockade of supplies, before finally being defeated by larger forces attacking from both Västergötland and Östergötland. He famously defended Kronoberg Castle (now ruined) but was shot while trying to escape to then Danish-ruled Blekinge.

 
A backstuga in småland (ca 1900)

A portion of Småland called the Kingdom of Crystal is known for its many glassworks and can be traced back to the 18th century.

During the 17th and 18 Century Småland saw Christian revival break out, leading to an increase of entrepreneurship, church building and the sending out of missionaries all over the world. To this day, the people of Småland are affected by this activity.[17]

 
Traditional Windsor chairs are manufactured in great numbers in Småland.

In the 19th century, Småland was afflicted by social and economic turbulence and poverty, and it had substantial emigration to North America.[18] 4,300 Swedish emigrants were recruited to settle in Stamford, Texas, by the family network of the first Swedish emigrant to Texas, Swante M. Swenson, who came from Jönköping.

The well-known furniture company IKEA was founded in the Småland town of Älmhult.

Overnight between 8 and 9 January 2005 the province suffered serious damage from the storm Gudrun.

Historical cities

Towns with former city status were: Eksjö (chartered around 1400), Gränna (1652), Huskvarna (1911), Jönköping (1284), Kalmar (approximately 1100), Ljungby (1936), Nybro (1932), Nässjö (1914), Oskarshamn (1856), Sävsjö (1947), Tranås (1919), Vetlanda (1920), Vimmerby (approximately 1400), Värnamo (1920), Västervik (approximately 1200), Växjö (1342)

National parks

Småland has four national parks:

Religion

 
Ingatorp Old Church, Småland, Sweden, ca. 1895

Compared to much of Sweden, Småland has a higher level of religious intensity and church participation.

In terms of Lutheran ecclesiastical boundaries, most of the province encompasses the diocese of Växjö. Parts of northern Småland are in the diocese of Linköping.

Småland is also known for its free churches, although the free church congregations are concentrated in Jönköping County. Most of Kalmar County and Kronoberg County have few or no free church congregations.

Politically Småland is the strongest province for Kristdemokraterna (the Swedish Christian Democratic Party), and both of the last two leaders of the party - Göran Hägglund and Alf Svensson live in Jönköping Municipality in northern Småland.

Culture

 
Farmhouses in Småland are typically red with white corners.

The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus, sw. Carl von Linné (1707–1778), often called the father of taxonomy or "The flower-king", was born in Älmhult in Småland. He gave the twinflower its Latin name based on his own (Latin: Linnaea borealis), because of his particular fondness of it. The flower has become Småland's provincial flower.

Another notable person from Älmhult is Ingvar Kamprad, the founder of the global company IKEA. The name "Småland" is used as the name of the children's play areas at some IKEA stores.

Education

Småland is home to the Linnaeus University, located in Växjö and Kalmar, and the Jönköping University.

Literature

The Swedish emigration to North America during the 19th century, is best depicted in a suite of novels by author Vilhelm Moberg, which is also the basis for the musical Kristina from Duvemåla created by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus of ABBA fame.

In her writing, children's book author Astrid Lindgren often portrayed scenes from her own childhood, growing up on a farm in Småland.

Smålandians

In the 20th century, Småland has been known for its high level of entrepreneurship and low unemployment, especially in the Gnosjö region.

Old Swedish encyclopedia Nordisk familjebok describes the inhabitants of Småland as follows:

the Smålandian is by nature awake and smart, diligent and hard-working, yet compliant, cunning and crafty, which gives him the advantage of being able to move through life with little means.[19]

A running joke local to Sweden, is that Smålandians are very economical, ranging from modestly frugal to utterly cheap. Ingvar Kamprad, founder of IKEA said that the Smålandians are seen as the Scotsmen of Sweden.[20]

Language

The local language is a Swedish dialect known as Småländska (Smalandian). This may in turn be separated in two main branches, with the northern related to the Götaland dialects and the southern to the Scanian dialects.[citation needed]

Sub-divisions

For details, see: Districts of Småland

Small lands

 
The small lands of Småland. The black and red spots indicate runestones. The red spots indicate runestones telling of long voyages.

After the unification of Sweden, around 800–1200 AD, Småland was for consistency divided into chartered cities and into hundreds.

Hundreds

The historical sub-divisions of all Sweden's provinces were through hundreds (Swedish: härad). These were Småland's hundreds:

Towns in Småland

List of towns in Småland, Sweden

 
A Smålandströvare (Smaland hound)

Things named after Småland

 
HSwMS Småland, J19

Sports

Football in the province is administered by Smålands Fotbollförbund.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Then the surface has a continuation as unconformity beneath Öland.[5]
  2. ^ During deglaciation meltwater from the Weichsel ice flowed through the canyons contributing to their formation.[11]

References

  1. ^ "Folkmängd i landskapen den 31 december 2016" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  2. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica; Micropaedia Volume IX (1974) p. 278
  3. ^ This figure is from Nordisk familjebok (see details and link below). A guess would be that meadows have decreased since.
  4. ^ Lundqvist, Jan (1969). "Landskapet". In Lundqvist, Magnus (ed.). Det Moderna Sverige (in Swedish). Bonniers. pp. 64–67.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Lidmar-Bergström (1988). "Denudation surfaces of a shield area in southern Sweden". Geografiska Annaler. 70 A (4): 337–350. doi:10.1080/04353676.1988.11880265.
  6. ^ a b c Lidmar-Bergström, Karna; Olvmo, Mats; Bonow, Johan M. (2017). "The South Swedish Dome: a key structure for identification of peneplains and conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics of an ancient shield". GFF. 139 (4): 244–259. doi:10.1080/11035897.2017.1364293. S2CID 134300755.
  7. ^ Japsen, Peter; Chalmers, James A.; Green, Paul F.; Bonow, Johan M. (2012). "Elevated, passive continental margins: Not rift shoulders, but expressions of episodic, post-rift burial and exhumation". Global and Planetary Change. 90–91: 73–86. Bibcode:2012GPC....90...73J. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.05.004.
  8. ^ Lidmar-Bergström, K.; Olsson, S.; Roaldset, E. (1999). "Relief features and palaeoweathering remnants in formerly glaciated Scandinavian basement areas". In Thiry, Médard; Simon-Coinçon, Régine (eds.). Palaeoweathering, Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits. Special publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists. Vol. 27. Blackwell Science Ltd. pp. 275–301. ISBN 0-632-05311-9.
  9. ^ a b Andréasson, Per-Gunnar; Rodhe, Agnes (1992). The Protogine Zone. Geology and mobility during the last 1.5 Ga (PDF) (Report). SKB technical report.
  10. ^ Persson, Torsten (1977). "Erosion channels and canyons in the central South Swedish Highlands — a short survey" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland. 49: 11–18. doi:10.17741/bgsf/49.1.003. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  11. ^ a b Olvmo, M. (1992). "Glaciofluvial canyons and their relation to the Late Weiochselian deglaciation in Fennoscandia". Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. 36 (3): 343–363. doi:10.1127/zfg/36/1992/343.
  12. ^ "Karlmar, Sweden Climate summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  13. ^ "Jonkoping, Sweden Climate summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  14. ^ "Vaxjo, Sweden Köppen Climate Classification". Weatherbase. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  15. ^ "Jonkoping, Sweden temperature averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  16. ^ "Hur var vädret?". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  17. ^ "YWAM Småland | Sweden". YWAM Småland. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
  18. ^ Kulturparken Småland. http://www.kulturparkensmaland.se/1.0.1.0/761/2/ 2016-12-08 at the Wayback Machine;
  19. ^ Smålänningen är till sin natur vaken och intelligent, flitig och sträfsam, rask och hurtig, men likväl foglig till lynnet, händig och slug, hvilket allt medför åt honom den förmånen, att han äfven med små medel kan taga sig fram i lifvet. . p.62; source as above.
  20. ^ SSR TSR March 24, 2006

External links

  • - Official tourist site (Kronoberg and Jönköping counties)
  • Eastern Småland and Öland - Official tourist site (Kalmar County)
  • VisitSweden - Sweden's official website for tourism and travel information (in English)
  • Travel Smaland

Coordinates: 57°06′04″N 14°53′53″E / 57.101°N 14.898°E / 57.101; 14.898

May 03, 2023
småland, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, schol. For other uses see Smaland disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Smaland news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Smaland Swedish pronunciation ˈsmǒːland listen is a historical province landskap in southern Sweden Smaland borders Blekinge Scania Halland Vastergotland Ostergotland and the island Oland in the Baltic Sea The name Smaland literally means Small Lands 2 The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages The highest point in Smaland is Tomtabacken at 377 metres 1 237 ft In terms of total area Smaland is of a similar size as Belgium amp Israel SmalandHistorical provinceCoat of armsCountrySwedenLandGotalandCountiesKronoberg CountyKalmar CountyJonkoping County most of Halland County part of Ostergotland County part of Area Total29 400 km2 11 400 sq mi Population 31 December 2016 1 Total754 535 Density26 km2 66 sq mi Ethnicity LanguageSwedish DialectSmalandska DemonymSmalanningCulture FlowerTwinflower AnimalOtter BirdSong thrushTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal codes28500 28799 33000 34999 35000 36999 38000 39999 55000 57999 59000 59999 shared with Ostergotland Area codes0370 0372 0433 0459 0470 0478 0480 0493 Contents 1 Administration 2 Heraldry 3 Population 4 Geography 4 1 Terrain 4 2 Climate 5 History 5 1 Historical cities 5 2 National parks 5 3 Religion 5 4 Culture 6 Education 6 1 Literature 6 2 Smalandians 6 3 Language 7 Sub divisions 7 1 Small lands 7 2 Hundreds 7 3 Towns in Smaland 8 Things named after Smaland 9 Sports 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 External linksAdministration EditThe traditional provinces of Sweden no longer serve any governmental purpose but they do remain important historically and culturally The province of Smaland today is divided almost entirely into the three administrative counties of Jonkoping Kalmar and Kronoberg Some few small portions of historic Smaland are situated in Halland and Ostergotland Counties Heraldry EditMain article Heraldry of Smaland The current coat of arms granted in 1569 displays a rampant red lion carrying a crossbow all on a golden background The arms may be surmounted by a ducal coronet The blazon in English would be Or a lion rampant gules langued and armed azure holding in its front paws a crossbow of the second bowed and stringed Sable with a bolt argent Population EditThe population of Smaland was 754 535 as of 31 December 2016 Geography Edit An image from a canyon in the forested Smaland The land is dominated by a forested high plain in which the soil is mixed with sand and small boulders making it barren in all but the coastal areas and unsuited for agriculture except in certain locations most notably the Kalmar plains The province is rich in lakes and bogs The coast is marked by bays in the north with an island archipelago offshore and cultivated flatlands in the south In total cultivated land covers 14 meadows cover 7 and forests cover 50 of the surface of the province 3 Other than lacking deep valleys the landscape is similar to the Norrland terrain found further north in Sweden 4 The largest towns are Jonkoping in the north west Vaxjo in the south and Kalmar on the east coast near Oland Island Terrain Edit Smaland comprises the central eastern and southern parts of the South Swedish highlands In detail the topography of Smaland is a series of flat surfaces built upon or deformed by a geological dome 5 6 The elevated terrain thought to be a buckle formed as result of far away forces transmitted to Sweden 7 The main surfaces are the Sub Cambrian peneplain the South Smaland peneplain and the 200 m peneplain 5 6 These surfaces and others are arranged in a stepped sequence called a piedmonttreppen 6 In eastern Smaland the Sub Cambrian peneplain dips gently to the sea 5 A To the West this part of the Sub Cambrian peneplain terminates along a north south escarpment running slightly to the east of Vaxjo that separates it from other flat surfaces 5 Central and northwestern Smaland contains strings of isolated hills 5 The lakes and rivers of Smaland are associated to zones of weak rock either fractured weathered or both The many lakes in Smaland owe their existence to the creation of basins through the stripping of an irregular mantle of weathered rock by glacial erosion 8 The Lagan and the Nissan drain western Smaland following for most of their courses zones of weak rock associated with the Protogine Zone 5 9 Rusken Rymmen and Mockeln lakes are aligned with a more eastern branch of the Protogine Zone 9 Canyons cut into the bedrock are common in central and northern Smaland with the area near Morlunda containing various particularly narrow lt 50 m canyons 10 11 B Climate Edit Camping site in Smaland The climate of Smaland is divided between the oceanic climate of coastal areas such as Kalmar 12 and the humid continental climate of the interior higher areas such as Jonkoping 13 Southern interior areas such as Vaxjo have similar oceanic climates such as the coastline 14 However temperature average differences between areas are relatively small since Smaland lies in the continental oceanic transition zone Summer daytime averages are similar throughout the province since all three major urban areas are on average around 22 C 72 F with daytime winter temperatures hovering around the freezing point The slightly colder nights averaging 5 C 23 F in Jonkoping are in keeping with its continental classification 15 The locality of Malilla has the Swedish and Scandinavian all time highest measured temperature with 38 C 100 F on June 1 1947 16 History EditThe area was probably populated in the Stone Age from the south by people moving along the coast up to Kalmar Smaland was populated by Stone Age peoples by at least 6000 BC since the Alby People are known to have crossed the ice bridge across the Kalmar Strait at that time It is named Smaland small lands because it was an aggrupation of a dozen little yet largely independent territories Kinda today a part of Ostergotland Tveta Vista Vedbo Tjust Sevede Aspeland Handbord More Varend Finnveden and Njudung Each small land had its own law in the Viking age and early Middle Ages and could declare itself neutral in wars that Sweden was involved in at least if the King had no army present at the parliamentary debate Around 1350 during the reign of Magnus Eriksson the first national law code was introduced in Sweden and the historic provinces lost much of their old autonomy The city of Kalmar is one of the oldest cities of Sweden In the medieval period it was the southernmost and the third largest city in Sweden when it was a center for export of iron which in many cases was handled by German merchants At that time Scania and Blekinge were not part of Sweden Smaland was the center of several peasant rebellions The most nearly successful was the Dackefejden led by Nils Dacke in 1542 and 1543 When officials of king Gustav Vasa were assaulted and murdered the king sent small expeditions to pacify the area but all failed Dacke was the virtual ruler of large parts of Smaland during that Winter though much troubled by a blockade of supplies before finally being defeated by larger forces attacking from both Vastergotland and Ostergotland He famously defended Kronoberg Castle now ruined but was shot while trying to escape to then Danish ruled Blekinge A backstuga in smaland ca 1900 A portion of Smaland called the Kingdom of Crystal is known for its many glassworks and can be traced back to the 18th century During the 17th and 18 Century Smaland saw Christian revival break out leading to an increase of entrepreneurship church building and the sending out of missionaries all over the world To this day the people of Smaland are affected by this activity 17 Traditional Windsor chairs are manufactured in great numbers in Smaland In the 19th century Smaland was afflicted by social and economic turbulence and poverty and it had substantial emigration to North America 18 4 300 Swedish emigrants were recruited to settle in Stamford Texas by the family network of the first Swedish emigrant to Texas Swante M Swenson who came from Jonkoping The well known furniture company IKEA was founded in the Smaland town of Almhult Overnight between 8 and 9 January 2005 the province suffered serious damage from the storm Gudrun Historical cities Edit Towns with former city status were Eksjo chartered around 1400 Granna 1652 Huskvarna 1911 Jonkoping 1284 Kalmar approximately 1100 Ljungby 1936 Nybro 1932 Nassjo 1914 Oskarshamn 1856 Savsjo 1947 Tranas 1919 Vetlanda 1920 Vimmerby approximately 1400 Varnamo 1920 Vastervik approximately 1200 Vaxjo 1342 National parks Edit Smaland has four national parks Store Mosse Norra Kvill Bla Jungfrun AsnenReligion Edit Ingatorp Old Church Smaland Sweden ca 1895 Compared to much of Sweden Smaland has a higher level of religious intensity and church participation In terms of Lutheran ecclesiastical boundaries most of the province encompasses the diocese of Vaxjo Parts of northern Smaland are in the diocese of Linkoping Smaland is also known for its free churches although the free church congregations are concentrated in Jonkoping County Most of Kalmar County and Kronoberg County have few or no free church congregations Politically Smaland is the strongest province for Kristdemokraterna the Swedish Christian Democratic Party and both of the last two leaders of the party Goran Hagglund and Alf Svensson live in Jonkoping Municipality in northern Smaland Culture Edit Farmhouses in Smaland are typically red with white corners The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus sw Carl von Linne 1707 1778 often called the father of taxonomy or The flower king was born in Almhult in Smaland He gave the twinflower its Latin name based on his own Latin Linnaea borealis because of his particular fondness of it The flower has become Smaland s provincial flower Another notable person from Almhult is Ingvar Kamprad the founder of the global company IKEA The name Smaland is used as the name of the children s play areas at some IKEA stores Education EditSmaland is home to the Linnaeus University located in Vaxjo and Kalmar and the Jonkoping University Literature Edit The Swedish emigration to North America during the 19th century is best depicted in a suite of novels by author Vilhelm Moberg which is also the basis for the musical Kristina from Duvemala created by Benny Andersson and Bjorn Ulvaeus of ABBA fame In her writing children s book author Astrid Lindgren often portrayed scenes from her own childhood growing up on a farm in Smaland Smalandians Edit In the 20th century Smaland has been known for its high level of entrepreneurship and low unemployment especially in the Gnosjo region Old Swedish encyclopedia Nordisk familjebok describes the inhabitants of Smaland as follows the Smalandian is by nature awake and smart diligent and hard working yet compliant cunning and crafty which gives him the advantage of being able to move through life with little means 19 A running joke local to Sweden is that Smalandians are very economical ranging from modestly frugal to utterly cheap Ingvar Kamprad founder of IKEA said that the Smalandians are seen as the Scotsmen of Sweden 20 Language Edit The local language is a Swedish dialect known as Smalandska Smalandian This may in turn be separated in two main branches with the northern related to the Gotaland dialects and the southern to the Scanian dialects citation needed Sub divisions EditFor details see Districts of Smaland Small lands Edit The small lands of Smaland The black and red spots indicate runestones The red spots indicate runestones telling of long voyages Aspeland Finnveden Handbord Kinda today a part of Ostergotland More Njudung sv Sevede Tjust Tveta Vedbo Southern Hundred sv Vista Varend After the unification of Sweden around 800 1200 AD Smaland was for consistency divided into chartered cities and into hundreds Hundreds Edit The historical sub divisions of all Sweden s provinces were through hundreds Swedish harad These were Smaland s hundreds Allbo Hundred Aspeland Hundred Handbord Hundred Kinda Hundred Kinnevald Hundred Konga Hundred Mo Hundred More Northern Hundred More Southern Hundred Norrvidinge Hundred Sevede Hundred Stranda Hundred Sunnerbo Hundred Tjust Northern Hundred Tjust Southern Hundred Tunalan Hundred Tveta Hundred Uppvidinge Hundred Vedbo Northern Hundred Vedbo Southern Hundred Vista Hundred Vastbo Hundred Vastra Hundred Ydre Hundred Ostbo Hundred Ostra Hundred Towns in Smaland Edit List of towns in Smaland Sweden A Smalandstrovare Smaland hound Things named after Smaland EditHSwMS Smaland a Swedish Halland class destroyer Smalandsnytt a local news programme Smalandsstrovare a dog breed originating in Smaland Smolan Kansas a city in Saline county named after Smaland Smaland Nation student group on Lunds university The children s play area in IKEA stores HSwMS Smaland J19Sports EditFootball in the province is administered by Smalands Fotbollforbund See also EditSmaland and the islands Arsgang Jonkoping UniversityNotes Edit Then the surface has a continuation as unconformity beneath Oland 5 During deglaciation meltwater from the Weichsel ice flowed through the canyons contributing to their formation 11 References Edit Folkmangd i landskapen den 31 december 2016 in Swedish Statistics Sweden 21 March 2017 Retrieved 26 November 2017 Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia Volume IX 1974 p 278 This figure is from Nordisk familjebok see details and link below A guess would be that meadows have decreased since Lundqvist Jan 1969 Landskapet In Lundqvist Magnus ed Det Moderna Sverige in Swedish Bonniers pp 64 67 a b c d e f g Lidmar Bergstrom 1988 Denudation surfaces of a shield area in southern Sweden Geografiska Annaler 70 A 4 337 350 doi 10 1080 04353676 1988 11880265 a b c Lidmar Bergstrom Karna Olvmo Mats Bonow Johan M 2017 The South Swedish Dome a key structure for identification of peneplains and conclusions on Phanerozoic tectonics of an ancient shield GFF 139 4 244 259 doi 10 1080 11035897 2017 1364293 S2CID 134300755 Japsen Peter Chalmers James A Green Paul F Bonow Johan M 2012 Elevated passive continental margins Not rift shoulders but expressions of episodic post rift burial and exhumation Global and Planetary Change 90 91 73 86 Bibcode 2012GPC 90 73J doi 10 1016 j gloplacha 2011 05 004 Lidmar Bergstrom K Olsson S Roaldset E 1999 Relief features and palaeoweathering remnants in formerly glaciated Scandinavian basement areas In Thiry Medard Simon Coincon Regine eds Palaeoweathering Palaeosurfaces and Related Continental Deposits Special publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists Vol 27 Blackwell Science Ltd pp 275 301 ISBN 0 632 05311 9 a b Andreasson Per Gunnar Rodhe Agnes 1992 The Protogine Zone Geology and mobility during the last 1 5 Ga PDF Report SKB technical report Persson Torsten 1977 Erosion channels and canyons in the central South Swedish Highlands a short survey PDF Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 49 11 18 doi 10 17741 bgsf 49 1 003 Retrieved February 18 2018 a b Olvmo M 1992 Glaciofluvial canyons and their relation to the Late Weiochselian deglaciation in Fennoscandia Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 36 3 343 363 doi 10 1127 zfg 36 1992 343 Karlmar Sweden Climate summary Weatherbase Retrieved 12 December 2014 Jonkoping Sweden Climate summary Weatherbase Retrieved 12 December 2014 Vaxjo Sweden Koppen Climate Classification Weatherbase Retrieved 12 December 2014 Jonkoping Sweden temperature averages Weatherbase Retrieved 12 December 2014 Hur var vadret Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Retrieved 12 December 2014 YWAM Smaland Sweden YWAM Smaland Retrieved 2019 11 13 Kulturparken Smaland http www kulturparkensmaland se 1 0 1 0 761 2 Archived 2016 12 08 at the Wayback Machine Smalanningen ar till sin natur vaken och intelligent flitig och strafsam rask och hurtig men likval foglig till lynnet handig och slug hvilket allt medfor at honom den formanen att han afven med sma medel kan taga sig fram i lifvet p 62 source as above SSR TSR March 24 2006 article Smaland from Nordisk Familjebok 1917 In Swedish External links EditVisit Smaland Official tourist site Kronoberg and Jonkoping counties Eastern Smaland and Oland Official tourist site Kalmar County VisitSweden Sweden s official website for tourism and travel information in English Travel Smaland Coordinates 57 06 04 N 14 53 53 E 57 101 N 14 898 E 57 101 14 898 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Smaland amp oldid 1134964956, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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