Quercus petraea, commonly known as the sessile oak,[3]Cornish oak,[4]Irish Oak or durmast oak,[5] is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran. The sessile oak is the national tree of Ireland,[6] and an unofficial emblem in Wales[7] and Cornwall.[8][9]
The sessile oak is a large deciduoustree up to 20–40 metres (66–131 feet) tall,[10] in the white oak section of the genus (Quercus sect. Quercus) and similar to the pedunculate oak (Q. robur), with which it overlaps extensively in range. The leaves are 7–14 centimetres (2+3⁄4–5+1⁄2 inches) long and 4–8 cm (1+1⁄2–3 in) broad, evenly lobed with five to six lobes on each side and a 1 cm-long (1⁄2 in) petiole. The male flowers are grouped into catkins, produced in the spring. The fruit is an acorn 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long and 1–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) broad, which matures in about six months.
Comparison with pedunculate oak
Significant botanical differences from pedunculate oak (Q. robur) include the stalked leaves, and the stalkless (sessile) acorns from which one of its common names is derived. It occurs in upland areas of altitudes over 300 m (984 ft) with higher rainfall and shallow, acidic, sandy soils. Its specific epithetpetraea means "of rocky places".[11]Q. robur, on the other hand, prefers deeper, richer soils at lower altitude. Fertile hybrids with Quercus robur named Quercus × rosacea are found wherever the two parent species occur and share or are intermediate in characters between the parents.
Charles Darwin, in Chapter II of On the Origin of Species, noted that the sessile and pedunculate oaks had been described as both distinct species and mere varieties depending on the authority consulted.
The Welsh oak longhorn beetle (Pyrrhidium sanguineum) is named for its host tree; the larvae feed at the bark interface of dead wood.[12]
Uses
Sessile oak is one of the most important species in Europe both economically and ecologically. Oak timber is traditionally used for building, ships and furniture. Today the best woods are used for quality cabinetmaking, veneers and barrel staves.[13] Rougher material is used for fence construction, roof beams and specialist building work. The wood also has antimicrobial properties.[14][15] It is also a good fuel wood. During autumns with good acorn crops (the mast years), animals are traditionally grazed under the trees to fatten them.[16]
Pontfadog Oak
The Pontfadog Oak, once considered to be the oldest oak tree in the UK, was a sessile oak. This grew near Chirk in North Wales. It was understood to be over 1,200 years old, an age that was due to regular pollarding for much of its life. The hollow trunk had a girth of 12.9 m (42 ft 5 in). It was lost in April 2013 when it blew down in high winds.[17]
^Gorener, V.; Khela, S.; Barstow, M. (2017). "Quercus petraea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T62539A3116237. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62539A3116237.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^Mitchell, Alan (1974). "Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe (Collins Field Guide)", HarperCollins Distribution Services, New York. ISBN0002120356.
^"Tree trail with worldwide flavour", BBC News, 23 July 2004
^Minahan, James (2009). The complete guide to national symbols and emblems. Vol. 1. Greenwood. ISBN978-0313344961.
^West Briton, September 01, 2011, Will native trees thrive in the future? June 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^Annighöfer, Peter; Beckschäfer, Philip; Vor, Torsten; Ammer, Christian (2015). Zang, RunGuo (ed.). "Regeneration patterns of European oak species (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Quercus robur L.) in dependence of environment and neighborhood". PLOS ONE. 10 (8). e0134935. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1034935A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134935. PMC4534096. PMID 26266803.
^Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. p. 224. ISBN9781845337315.
^Bullock, J.A. 1992. Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations – Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES) publication volume 11a: A supplement to A Coleopterist's Handbook.
^Munir, Muhammad Tanveer; Pailhories, Hélène; Eveillard, Matthieu; Irle, Mark; Aviat, Florence; Federighi, Michel; Belloncle, Christophe (24 August 2020). "Experimental Parameters Influence the Observed Antimicrobial Response of Oak Wood (Quercus petraea)". Antibiotics. 9 (9): 535. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9090535. PMC7558063. PMID 32847132.
^Munir, Muhammad; Aviat, Florence; Lepelletier, Didier; Pape, Patrice Le; Dubreil, Laurence; Irle, Mark; Federighi, Michel; Belloncle, Christophe; Eveillard, Matthieu; Pailhoriès, Hélène (1 October 2020). "Wood materials for limiting the bacterial reservoir on surfaces in hospitals: would it be worthwhile to go further?". Future Microbiology. 15 (15): 1431–1437. doi:10.2217/fmb-2019-0339. PMID 33156723. S2CID 226276130.
^Chen, Ju-Chi; Munir, Muhammad Tanveer; Aviat, Florence; Lepelletier, Didier; Le Pape, Patrice; Dubreil, Laurence; Irle, Mark; Federighi, Michel; Belloncle, Christophe; Eveillard, Matthieu; Pailhoriès, Hélène (13 November 2020). "Survival of Bacterial Strains on Wood (Quercus petraea) Compared to Polycarbonate, Aluminum and Stainless Steel". Antibiotics. 9 (11): 804. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9110804. PMC7698295. PMID 33202723.
^Ducousso, A. & Bordacs, S. (2004), Pedunculate and sessile oaks – Quercus robur/Quercus petraea: Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use(PDF), European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, p. 6
^"Pontfadog Oak: 1,200-year-old tree toppled by winds". BBC News Online. 18 April 2013.
Bean, W. J. (1976). Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., revised. John Murray.
Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN0-00-220013-9.
(in French) Chênes: Quercus petraea
Den virtuella floran – Distribution
Media related to Quercus petraea at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Quercus petraea at Wikispecies
December 31, 2022
quercus, petraea, commonly, known, sessile, cornish, irish, durmast, species, tree, native, most, europe, into, anatolia, iran, sessile, national, tree, ireland, unofficial, emblem, wales, cornwall, mature, treeconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scienti. Quercus petraea commonly known as the sessile oak 3 Cornish oak 4 Irish Oak or durmast oak 5 is a species of oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran The sessile oak is the national tree of Ireland 6 and an unofficial emblem in Wales 7 and Cornwall 8 9 Quercus petraeaA mature treeConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade RosidsOrder FagalesFamily FagaceaeGenus QuercusSubgenus Quercus subg QuercusSection Quercus sect QuercusSpecies Q petraeaBinomial nameQuercus petraea Matt Liebl 2 Distribution mapSynonyms 2 List Quercus robur var petraea Matt Quercus brevipedunculata Cariot amp St Lag Quercus calcarea TroitskyQuercus columbaria Vuk Quercus coriacea Bechst Quercus coronensis SchurQuercus decipiens BehlenQuercus dispar Raf Quercus durinus Raf Quercus erythroneura Vuk Quercus esculus L Quercus longipetiolata SchurQuercus mas ThoreQuercus mespilifolia Wallr Quercus peraffinis Gand Quercus petiolata SchurQuercus regalis Burnett ex Endl Quercus sessiliflora Salisb Quercus sessilis Ehrh ex SchurQuercus spathulifolia Vuk Quercus sphaerocarpa Vuk Quercus sublobata Kit Quercus huguetiana Franco amp G Lopez Rivas Mart Quercus colchica CzeczottQuercus dshorochensis K KochQuercus hypochrysa StevenQuercus iberica Steven ex M Bieb Quercus kochiana O SchwarzQuercus kozlowskyi Woronow ex Grossh Quercus lamprophyllos K KochQuercus polycarpa SchurQuercus sorocarpa Woronow ex MaleevQuercus szowitzii Wenz Quercus abietum Kotschy ex A DC Quercus cedrorum KotschyQuercus ibicis Kotschy ex A DC Quercus pinnatiloba K KochQuercus subalpina Kotschy ex A DC Quercus tergestina Wenz plus a long list of invalid names and another long list of names below the species level Contents 1 Description 1 1 Comparison with pedunculate oak 2 Diseases and pests 3 Uses 4 Pontfadog Oak 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription Edit Quercus petraea old sacred oak Zapis in Divljana Serbia Shoot with leaves and acorn An inosculated tree This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed February 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The sessile oak is a large deciduous tree up to 20 40 metres 66 131 feet tall 10 in the white oak section of the genus Quercus sect Quercus and similar to the pedunculate oak Q robur with which it overlaps extensively in range The leaves are 7 14 centimetres 2 3 4 5 1 2 inches long and 4 8 cm 1 1 2 3 in broad evenly lobed with five to six lobes on each side and a 1 cm long 1 2 in petiole The male flowers are grouped into catkins produced in the spring The fruit is an acorn 2 3 cm 3 4 1 1 4 in long and 1 2 cm 1 2 3 4 in broad which matures in about six months Comparison with pedunculate oak Edit Significant botanical differences from pedunculate oak Q robur include the stalked leaves and the stalkless sessile acorns from which one of its common names is derived It occurs in upland areas of altitudes over 300 m 984 ft with higher rainfall and shallow acidic sandy soils Its specific epithet petraea means of rocky places 11 Q robur on the other hand prefers deeper richer soils at lower altitude Fertile hybrids with Quercus robur named Quercus rosacea are found wherever the two parent species occur and share or are intermediate in characters between the parents Charles Darwin in Chapter II of On the Origin of Species noted that the sessile and pedunculate oaks had been described as both distinct species and mere varieties depending on the authority consulted Diseases and pests EditAcute oak decline Sudden oak death The Welsh oak longhorn beetle Pyrrhidium sanguineum is named for its host tree the larvae feed at the bark interface of dead wood 12 Uses EditSessile oak is one of the most important species in Europe both economically and ecologically Oak timber is traditionally used for building ships and furniture Today the best woods are used for quality cabinetmaking veneers and barrel staves 13 Rougher material is used for fence construction roof beams and specialist building work The wood also has antimicrobial properties 14 15 It is also a good fuel wood During autumns with good acorn crops the mast years animals are traditionally grazed under the trees to fatten them 16 Pontfadog Oak EditThe Pontfadog Oak once considered to be the oldest oak tree in the UK was a sessile oak This grew near Chirk in North Wales It was understood to be over 1 200 years old an age that was due to regular pollarding for much of its life The hollow trunk had a girth of 12 9 m 42 ft 5 in It was lost in April 2013 when it blew down in high winds 17 See also Edit Cornwall portalFaux de VerzyReferences Edit Gorener V Khela S Barstow M 2017 Quercus petraea IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T62539A3116237 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T62539A3116237 en Retrieved 19 November 2021 a b Quercus petraea World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 14 September 2016 via The Plant List BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 26 June 2015 Retrieved 14 September 2016 Sessile oak ARKive org Archived from the original on 30 May 2017 Retrieved 15 May 2017 Quercus petraea Germplasm Resources Information Network GRIN Agricultural Research Service ARS United States Department of Agriculture USDA Retrieved 14 September 2016 Mitchell Alan 1974 Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe Collins Field Guide HarperCollins Distribution Services New York ISBN 0002120356 Tree trail with worldwide flavour BBC News 23 July 2004 Minahan James 2009 The complete guide to national symbols and emblems Vol 1 Greenwood ISBN 978 0313344961 West Briton September 01 2011 Will native trees thrive in the future Archived June 9 2013 at the Wayback Machine Annighofer Peter Beckschafer Philip Vor Torsten Ammer Christian 2015 Zang RunGuo ed Regeneration patterns of European oak species Quercus petraea Matt Liebl Quercus robur L in dependence of environment and neighborhood PLOS ONE 10 8 e0134935 Bibcode 2015PLoSO 1034935A doi 10 1371 journal pone 0134935 PMC 4534096 PMID 26266803 Harrison Lorraine 2012 RHS Latin for gardeners United Kingdom Mitchell Beazley p 224 ISBN 9781845337315 Bullock J A 1992 Host Plants of British Beetles A List of Recorded Associations Amateur Entomologists Society AES publication volume 11a A supplement to A Coleopterist s Handbook Munir Muhammad Tanveer Pailhories Helene Eveillard Matthieu Irle Mark Aviat Florence Federighi Michel Belloncle Christophe 24 August 2020 Experimental Parameters Influence the Observed Antimicrobial Response of Oak Wood Quercus petraea Antibiotics 9 9 535 doi 10 3390 antibiotics9090535 PMC 7558063 PMID 32847132 Munir Muhammad Aviat Florence Lepelletier Didier Pape Patrice Le Dubreil Laurence Irle Mark Federighi Michel Belloncle Christophe Eveillard Matthieu Pailhories Helene 1 October 2020 Wood materials for limiting the bacterial reservoir on surfaces in hospitals would it be worthwhile to go further Future Microbiology 15 15 1431 1437 doi 10 2217 fmb 2019 0339 PMID 33156723 S2CID 226276130 Chen Ju Chi Munir Muhammad Tanveer Aviat Florence Lepelletier Didier Le Pape Patrice Dubreil Laurence Irle Mark Federighi Michel Belloncle Christophe Eveillard Matthieu Pailhories Helene 13 November 2020 Survival of Bacterial Strains on Wood Quercus petraea Compared to Polycarbonate Aluminum and Stainless Steel Antibiotics 9 11 804 doi 10 3390 antibiotics9110804 PMC 7698295 PMID 33202723 Ducousso A amp Bordacs S 2004 Pedunculate and sessile oaks Quercus robur Quercus petraea Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use PDF European Forest Genetic Resources Programme p 6 Pontfadog Oak 1 200 year old tree toppled by winds BBC News Online 18 April 2013 External links EditQuercus petraea Royal Horticultural Society Quercus petraea distribution map genetic conservation units and related resources European Forest Genetic Resources Programme EUFORGEN Flora Europaea Quercus petraea Bean W J 1976 Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles 8th ed revised John Murray Rushforth K 1999 Trees of Britain and Europe HarperCollins ISBN 0 00 220013 9 in French Chenes Quercus petraea Den virtuella floran Distribution Media related to Quercus petraea at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Quercus petraea at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quercus petraea amp oldid 1125811054, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
