Et cetera (English: /ɛtˈsɛtərə/ or English: /ɛkˈsɛtərə/, Latin:[ɛtˈkeːtɛra]), abbreviated to etc., et cet., &c. or &c,[1][2] is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean "and other things", or "and so forth". Translated literally from Latin, et means 'and', while cētera means 'the rest'; thus, the expression translates to 'and the rest (of such things)'.
Et cetera is a calque of the Koine Greek (kai ta hetera) meaning 'and the other things'. The typical Modern Greek form is και τα λοιπά (kai ta loipá), 'and the remainder'.
The one-word spelling etcetera appears in some dictionaries.[3] The abbreviated form &c. or &c is still occasionally used—the ampersand ⟨&⟩, derives from a ligature of et.[4]
The phrase et cetera is often used to denote the logical continuation of some sort of series of descriptions. For example, in the following expression:
We will need a lot of bread: wheat, granary, wholemeal, etc. on our menu.
In this case of a use at the end of a list without conjunction, a comma is typically written in front of the phrase (but see Serial comma). If etc. is used at the end of a sentence, the dot is not doubled. If it occurs at the end of exclamations, questions or a clause, the dot is not suppressed but followed by whatever punctuation marks are required to end or continue the sentence.
In blackletter (Gothic or Fraktur) typography, the r rotunda ⟨ꝛ⟩ is sometimes used for et in place of the similar-looking Tironian et ⟨⁊⟩, followed by c, to yield ꝛc.
Similar Latin expressionsedit
In lists of people, et alia (abbreviated as et al., meaning "and others") is used in place of etc.
In lists of places, et alibi may be used, which is also abbreviated et al.; et alibi means "and elsewhere".
In references to literature or texts in general, et sequentes (versus) or et sequentia 'and the words etc. following' (abbreviated et seq., plural et seqq.) are used to indicate that only the first portion of a known reference is given explicitly, with broad reference to the following passages which logically follow in sequence to the explicit reference. Hence "Title VII, Section 4, Subsection A, Paragraph 1, et seq." might refer to many subsections or paragraphs which follow Paragraph 1. Legal briefs and legislative documents make heavy use of et seq. Notice that there is a functional difference between et seq. and etc. Et seq. and its variations refer specifically to known text; etc. may do so too, but is more likely to leave the reader to supply the unspecified items for himself. It would not be helpful to say: "Various paragraphs of import similar to those in Title VII, Sections 4, 7, and 2 et seq." though it might make sense to use etc. in such a context.[5]
In popular cultureedit
In the 1956 film The King and I, Yul Brynner repeatedly used the expression "...et cetera, et cetera, et cetera..." in his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam, to characterize the king as wanting to impress everyone with his breadth of great knowledge and the importance of one with no need to expound.[6] This reflected the usage in the novel, Anna and the King of Siam, which expressed that king's playful understanding of innumerable things with the phrase, "&c., &c."[6]
Other usesedit
Et cetera and derivatives such as etceteras, have long been used airily, humorously or dismissively, often as a cadigan. For example:
... he still wanted numberless appendages to make him a fine gentleman, such as a fashionable tailor and hairdresser, an unblushing confidence, together with a long train of etceteras. These fashionable introductories being wanting, Mr Whitmore was obliged to find a substitute...[7] (1823)
The cost of the locomotives and their etceteras, is to be $136000 – their wear and tear $75600. Etceteras $90000...[8] (1834)
The etceteras: asteroids, comets and interplanetary dust are chemically speaking, "impurities" and are just a minuscule fraction of planetary matter.[9] (1989)
Having tried "to recover myth outside the books," the hidalgo crosses paths with common sense, everyday toils, and the religious dictates of the Counter-Reformation on a journey that tries to rescue chivalric etceteras of old.[10] (2008)
/etc, a directory in UNIX-like operating systems, responsible mainly for storing system-wide configuration files, preferences, etc.[11][12]
In other languagesedit
Afrikaans: ensovoorts; also ensovoort and en so voort(s). (abbreviation: ens.)
Tamil: இன்ன பிற (pron. iṉṉa piṟa), முதலியன (pron. muthaliyaṉa)
Telugu: "ఇతర", "ఇత్యాది", "మొదలగునవి" or "మొదలైనవి", "వగైరా"(pronounced as "ithara", "ithyaadhi", "modalagunavi" or "modhalainavi", "vagairaa")
Thai: ฯลฯ (This three-letter combination is not an abbreviation but a sign called ไปยาลใหญ่ "paiyan yai". It is to be read และอื่นๆ "lae uen uen", or และอื่นๆ อีกมากมาย "lae uen uen ik mak mai", meaning "and others" or "and many others", respectively.)
Turkish: ve benzerleri (abbr.: vb.) or vesaire (abbr.: vs.)
Look up et cetera in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
May 04, 2024
cetera, etcetera, redirect, here, other, uses, disambiguation, etcetera, disambiguation, english, english, latin, ˈkeːtɛra, abbreviated, latin, expression, that, used, english, mean, other, things, forth, translated, literally, from, latin, means, while, cēter. etc and etcetera redirect here For other uses see ETC disambiguation and Etcetera disambiguation Et cetera English ɛ t ˈ s ɛ t e r e or English ɛ k ˈ s ɛ t e r e Latin ɛt ˈkeːtɛra abbreviated to etc et cet amp c or amp c 1 2 is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean and other things or and so forth Translated literally from Latin et means and while cetera means the rest thus the expression translates to and the rest of such things The amp c et ceterarum Protector of England Scotland and Ireland and another shows that Oliver Cromwell did not renounce the English claims on France Et cetera is a calque of the Koine Greek kai ta hetera meaning and the other things The typical Modern Greek form is kai ta loipa kai ta loipa and the remainder Contents 1 Spelling and usage 2 Similar Latin expressions 3 In popular culture 4 Other uses 5 In other languages 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksSpelling and usage editThe one word spelling etcetera appears in some dictionaries 3 The abbreviated form amp c or amp c is still occasionally used the ampersand amp derives from a ligature of et 4 The phrase et cetera is often used to denote the logical continuation of some sort of series of descriptions For example in the following expression We will need a lot of bread wheat granary wholemeal etc on our menu In this case of a use at the end of a list without conjunction a comma is typically written in front of the phrase but see Serial comma If etc is used at the end of a sentence the dot is not doubled If it occurs at the end of exclamations questions or a clause the dot is not suppressed but followed by whatever punctuation marks are required to end or continue the sentence nbsp etc in Fraktur In blackletter Gothic or Fraktur typography the r rotunda ꝛ is sometimes used for et in place of the similar looking Tironian et followed by c to yield ꝛc Similar Latin expressions editIn lists of people et alia abbreviated as et al meaning and others is used in place of etc In lists of places et alibi may be used which is also abbreviated et al et alibi means and elsewhere In references to literature or texts in general et sequentes versus or et sequentia and the words etc following abbreviated et seq plural et seqq are used to indicate that only the first portion of a known reference is given explicitly with broad reference to the following passages which logically follow in sequence to the explicit reference Hence Title VII Section 4 Subsection A Paragraph 1 et seq might refer to many subsections or paragraphs which follow Paragraph 1 Legal briefs and legislative documents make heavy use of et seq Notice that there is a functional difference between et seq and etc Et seq and its variations refer specifically to known text etc may do so too but is more likely to leave the reader to supply the unspecified items for himself It would not be helpful to say Various paragraphs of import similar to those in Title VII Sections 4 7 and 2 et seq though it might make sense to use etc in such a context 5 In popular culture editIn the 1956 film The King and I Yul Brynner repeatedly used the expression et cetera et cetera et cetera in his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam to characterize the king as wanting to impress everyone with his breadth of great knowledge and the importance of one with no need to expound 6 This reflected the usage in the novel Anna and the King of Siam which expressed that king s playful understanding of innumerable things with the phrase amp c amp c 6 Other uses editEt cetera and derivatives such as etceteras have long been used airily humorously or dismissively often as a cadigan For example he still wanted numberless appendages to make him a fine gentleman such as a fashionable tailor and hairdresser an unblushing confidence together with a long train of etceteras These fashionable introductories being wanting Mr Whitmore was obliged to find a substitute 7 1823 The cost of the locomotives and their etceteras is to be 136000 their wear and tear 75600 Etceteras 90000 8 1834 The etceteras asteroids comets and interplanetary dust are chemically speaking impurities and are just a minuscule fraction of planetary matter 9 1989 Having tried to recover myth outside the books the hidalgo crosses paths with common sense everyday toils and the religious dictates of the Counter Reformation on a journey that tries to rescue chivalric etceteras of old 10 2008 etc a directory in UNIX like operating systems responsible mainly for storing system wide configuration files preferences etc 11 12 In other languages editAfrikaans ensovoorts also ensovoort and en so voort s abbreviation ens Albanian e te tjera abbr etj Arabic إلى آخره إلخ ila akhirihi abbreviated form Armenian և այլն yev ayln Azerbaijani ve saire abbr ve s or ve saire ve ilaxir abbr ve s ve i a Basque eta abar abbr etab Bengali ইত য দ ittadi or প রভ ত probhriti is used for et cetera while প রম খ promukh is used for et alii Bulgarian i taka natatk abbr i t n i taka natatŭk Catalan etcetera abbr etc Chinese 等 deng or 等等 dengdeng or using the Chinese ellipsis Czech a tak dale abbr atd or a jine abbr aj Danish og sa videre abbr osv Dutch enzovoort or enzovoorts abbr enz Dzongkha repetition sign Esperanto kaj tiel plu abbr ktp Estonian ja nii edasi abbr jne Faroese og so framvegis abbr osfr or o s fr Finnish ja niin edelleen abbr jne or ynna muuta sellaista abbr yms French et cetera et caetera or et caetera abbr etc Galician e o demais or etcetera abbr etc Georgian და ასე შემდეგ rom da ase shemdeg abbr და ა შ German usw for und so weiter and so forth Greek kai ta loipa ke ta lipa abbr ktl Gujarati વગ ર vagere Ancient Greek kaὶ tὰ ἕtera kai ta hetera Hebrew וכולי v hulei abbr וכו or וכדומה v hadomeh abbr וכד or וגומר v gomer abbr וג Hindi इत य द ityadi or वग र vagaira Hungarian es a tobbi abbr stb es igy tovabb etc is in regular use too Icelandic og svo framvegis abbr o s frv Indonesian dan lain lain abbr dll dan sebagainya used for similar things abbr dsb dan seterusnya used for sequences abbr dst Irish agus araile abbr srl rl isiXhosa njalo njalo Italian eccetera pronounced etˈtʃɛːtera abbr ecc or etc Japanese その他 sono ta sono hoka or suffix 等 tō nado or など nado エトセトラ えとせとら etosetora Kannada ಇತರ itarae or ಇತ ಯ ದ ityadi Korean 등 等 deung or 기타 其他 gita Kyrgyz zhana bashkalar zhana baskalar abbr zh b dagy ushul syyaktuular dagi usul siyaktuular abbr d u s Lao ຯລຯ read as ແລະອ ນໆ lɛ ɯːn ɯːn Latvian un ta talak abbr utt Lithuanian ir taip toliau abbr ir t t Macedonian i taka natamu i taka natamu abbr itn Malagasy sy ny sisa abbr sns Malay dan lain lain abbr dll dan sebagainya used for identical things abbr dsb or dan seumpamanya Malayalam ത ടങ ങ യവ pronounced thudangiyava Maltese eċċetera abbr eċċ Marathi इत य द pron ityadi Mongolian geh met gekh met abbr g m Nepali language आद इत य द aadi ityaadi Norwegian bokmal og sa videre abbr osv Norwegian nynorsk og sa bortetter abbr osb or og sa vidare osv Odia ଇତ ୟ ଦ ityaadi Persian وغیره va gheireh Polish i tak dalej abbr itd Portuguese etcetera abbr etc Punjabi ਆਦ ਕ pron aadik and ਆਦ pron aadi Romanian și așa mai departe abbr ș a m d or și celelalte abbr ș cl the latter somewhat obsolete Russian i tak dalee rom i tak daleje abbr i t d or i tomu podobnoe rom i tomu podobnoje abbr i t p Sanskrit इत य द ityaadih Serbo Croatian i tako dalje i tako daљe abbr itd itd Sesotho jwalo jwalo abbr j j Slovak a tak dalej abbr atd Slovenian in tako dalje abbr itd Sorani هەتادوایی هتد hata dwayy abbr htd Somali Iyo wixii lamida abbr IWM Spanish etcetera abbr etc Swahili na kadhalika abbr n k Swedish och sa vidare abbr o s v Tagalog at iba pa abbr atbp Tamil இன ன ப ற pron iṉṉa piṟa ம தல யன pron muthaliyaṉa Telugu ఇతర ఇత య ద మ దలగ నవ or మ దల నవ వగ ర pronounced as ithara ithyaadhi modalagunavi or modhalainavi vagairaa Thai l This three letter combination is not an abbreviation but a sign called ipyalihy paiyan yai It is to be read aelaxun lae uen uen or aelaxun xikmakmay lae uen uen ik mak mai meaning and others or and many others respectively Turkish ve benzerleri abbr vb or vesaire abbr vs Turkmen we suna menzesler abbr we s m Ukrainian tosho toshcho Urdu وغیرہ وغیرہ vagherah vagherah Uyghur قاتارلىق qatarliq Vietnamese van van abbr v v Welsh ac yn y blaen abbr ayyb Yiddish און אזוי ווייטער rom un azoy vayter abbr א א וו See also editEllipses may be used for a similar function List of Latin phrasesReferences edit Guardian Style Guide TheGuardian com 30 April 2021 UK Government Style Guide Brown Lesley 1993 The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles Oxford Eng Clarendon ISBN 0 19 861271 0 Smellie William Preface to the 1st edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica Sir Ernest Gowers Fowler s Modern English Usage Second Edition Published Book Club Associates 1965 a b Overstreet Maryann 1999 Whales candlelight and stuff like that p 130 ISBN 978 0 19 512574 0 Helme Elizabeth The farmer of Inglewood Forest or An affecting portrait of virtue and vice Printed and Published by J Cleave and Son 1823 The Farmer s register Volume 1 Snowden amp M Corkle 1834 Google Books Degens Egon T Perspectives on Biogeochemistry Springer Verlag 1989 ISBN 978 0387501918 Maiorino Giancarlo First pages a poetics of titles Penn State Press 2008 etc www tldp org Retrieved 2017 07 06 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard www pathname com Retrieved 2017 07 06 External links edit nbsp Look up et cetera in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Et cetera amp oldid 1214272792, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
