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APG IV system

October 21, 2023

See also: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998.[1] In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately;[2] the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one.[1]

Evolution of angiosperms shown in diagram format, per APG IV

Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders (Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families.[1] In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.[3]

Short version Edit

Detailed version Edit

Key to symbols used:

* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the APG III system of 2009
† = the order has been added since the APG III system

Basal angiosperms Edit

Magnoliids Edit

Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade Edit

Monocots Edit

Probable sister of eudicots Edit

Eudicots Edit

Core eudicots Edit

Superrosids Edit

Rosids Edit

Fabids Edit

COM clade; placement uncertain Edit
Malvids Edit

Superasterids Edit

Asterids Edit

Lamiids Edit
Campanulids Edit

Phylogeny Edit

Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms, as shown below.[4]

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c APG IV (2016)
  2. ^ Haston et al. (2009)
  3. ^ APG IV (2016), p. 5
  4. ^ Cole, Hilger & Stevens (2019)

Bibliography Edit

  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  • Haston, E.; Richardson, J.E.; Stevens, P.F.; Chase, M.W. & Harris, D.J. (2009), "The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 128–131, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x
  • Fay, Michael (9 May 2016), , Kew Science, RBG Kew, archived from the original on 2016-08-05, retrieved 2016-06-12
  • Cole, Theodor C.H.; Hilger, Hartmut H. & Stevens, Peter F. (2019), Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster - Flowering Plant Systematics (PDF), retrieved 2023-06-16

October 21, 2023
system, also, angiosperm, phylogeny, group, flowering, plant, classification, fourth, version, modern, mostly, molecular, based, system, plant, taxonomy, flowering, plants, angiosperms, being, developed, angiosperm, phylogeny, group, published, 2016, seven, ye. See also Angiosperm Phylogeny Group The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern mostly molecular based system of plant taxonomy for flowering plants angiosperms being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group APG It was published in 2016 seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009 and 18 years after the first APG system was published in 1998 1 In 2009 a linear arrangement of the system was published separately 2 the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement cross referenced to the 2009 one 1 Evolution of angiosperms shown in diagram format per APG IVCompared to the APG III system the APG IV system recognizes five new orders Boraginales Dilleniales Icacinales Metteniusales and Vahliales along with some new families making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families 1 In general the authors describe their philosophy as conservative based on making changes from APG III only where a well supported need has been demonstrated This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed 3 Contents 1 Short version 2 Detailed version 2 1 Basal angiosperms 2 2 Magnoliids 2 3 Independent lineage unplaced to more inclusive clade 2 4 Monocots 2 5 Probable sister of eudicots 2 6 Eudicots 2 7 Core eudicots 2 8 Superrosids 2 8 1 Rosids 2 8 1 1 Fabids 2 8 1 1 1 COM clade placement uncertain 2 8 1 2 Malvids 2 9 Superasterids 2 9 1 Asterids 2 9 1 1 Lamiids 2 9 1 2 Campanulids 3 Phylogeny 4 References 5 BibliographyShort version EditDetailed version EditKey to symbols used the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the APG III system of 2009 the order has been added since the APG III systemBasal angiosperms Edit Amborellales Melikyan et al Amborellaceae Pichon nom cons Nymphaeales Salisb ex Bercht amp J Presl Hydatellaceae U Hamann Cabombaceae Rich ex A Rich nom cons Nymphaeaceae Salisb nom cons Austrobaileyales Takht ex Reveal Austrobaileyaceae Croizat nom cons Trimeniaceae Gibbs nom cons Schisandraceae Blume nom cons Magnoliids Edit Canellales Cronq Canellaceae Mart nom cons Winteraceae R Br ex Lindl nom cons Piperales Bercht amp J Presl Saururaceae Rich ex T Lestib nom cons Piperaceae Giseke nom cons Aristolochiaceae Juss nom cons including Asaraceae Vent Hydnoraceae C Agardh nom cons Lactoridaceae Engl nom cons Magnoliales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Myristicaceae R Br nom cons Magnoliaceae Juss nom cons Degeneriaceae I W Bailey amp A C Sm nom cons Himantandraceae Diels nom cons Eupomatiaceae Orb nom cons Annonaceae Juss nom cons Laurales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Calycanthaceae Lindl nom cons Siparunaceae Schodde Gomortegaceae Reiche nom cons Atherospermataceae R Br Hernandiaceae Blume nom cons Monimiaceae Juss nom cons Lauraceae Juss nom cons Independent lineage unplaced to more inclusive clade Edit Chloranthales Mart Chloranthaceae R Br ex Sims nom cons Monocots Edit Acorales Mart Acoraceae Martinov Alismatales R Br ex Bercht amp J Presl Araceae Juss nom cons Tofieldiaceae Takht Alismataceae Vent nom cons Butomaceae Mirb nom cons Hydrocharitaceae Juss nom cons Scheuchzeriaceae F Rudolphi nom cons Aponogetonaceae Planch nom cons Juncaginaceae Rich nom cons Maundiaceae Nakai Zosteraceae Dumort nom cons Potamogetonaceae Bercht amp J Presl nom cons Posidoniaceae Vines nom cons Ruppiaceae Horan nom cons Cymodoceaceae Vines nom cons Petrosaviales Takht Petrosaviaceae Hutch nom cons Dioscoreales Mart Nartheciaceae Fr ex Bjurzon Burmanniaceae Blume nom cons not monophyletic Dioscoreaceae R Br nom cons Pandanales R Br ex Bercht amp J Presl Triuridaceae Gardner nom cons Velloziaceae J Agardh nom cons Stemonaceae Caruel nom cons Cyclanthaceae Poit ex A Rich nom cons Pandanaceae R Br nom cons Liliales Perleb Campynemataceae Dumort Corsiaceae Becc nom cons Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh nom cons Petermanniaceae Hutch nom cons Alstroemeriaceae Dumort nom cons Colchicaceae DC nom cons Philesiaceae Dumort nom cons Ripogonaceae Conran amp Clifford Smilacaceae Vent nom cons Liliaceae Juss nom cons Asparagales Link Orchidaceae Juss nom cons Boryaceae M W Chase et al Blandfordiaceae R Dahlgren amp Clifford Asteliaceae Dumort Lanariaceae H Huber ex R Dahlgren Hypoxidaceae R Br nom cons Doryanthaceae R Dahlgren amp Clifford Ixioliriaceae Nakai as Ixiolirionaceae spelling corrected Tecophilaeaceae Leyb nom cons Iridaceae Juss nom cons Xeronemataceae M W Chase et al Asphodelaceae Juss nom cons prop including Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort nom cons Amaryllidaceae J St Hil nom cons Asparagaceae Juss nom cons Arecales Bromhead Dasypogonaceae Dumort Arecaceae Bercht amp J Presl nom cons Palmae Juss nom cons Commelinales Mirb ex Bercht amp J Presl Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw Commelinaceae Mirb nom cons Philydraceae Link nom cons Pontederiaceae Kunth nom cons Haemodoraceae R Br nom cons Zingiberales Griseb Strelitziaceae Hutch nom cons Lowiaceae Ridl nom cons Heliconiaceae Vines Musaceae Juss nom cons Cannaceae Juss nom cons Marantaceae R Br nom cons Costaceae Nakai Zingiberaceae Martinov nom cons Poales Small Typhaceae Juss nom cons Bromeliaceae Juss nom cons Rapateaceae Dumort nom cons Xyridaceae C Agardh nom cons Eriocaulaceae Martinov nom cons Mayacaceae Kunth nom cons Thurniaceae Engl nom cons Juncaceae Juss nom cons Cyperaceae Juss nom cons Restionaceae R Br nom cons including Anarthriaceae D W Cutler amp Airy Shaw Centrolepidaceae Endl nom cons Flagellariaceae Dumort nom cons Joinvilleaceae Toml amp A C Sm Ecdeiocoleaceae D W Cutler amp Airy Shaw Poaceae Barnhart nom cons Gramineae Juss nom cons Probable sister of eudicots Edit Ceratophyllales Link Ceratophyllaceae Gray nom cons Eudicots Edit Ranunculales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Eupteleaceae K Wilh nom cons Papaveraceae Juss nom cons Circaeasteraceae Hutch nom cons Lardizabalaceae R Br nom cons Menispermaceae Juss nom cons Berberidaceae Juss nom cons Ranunculaceae Juss nom cons Proteales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Sabiaceae Blume nom cons Nelumbonaceae A Rich nom cons Platanaceae T Lestib nom cons Proteaceae Juss nom cons Trochodendrales Takht ex Cronq Trochodendraceae Eichler nom cons Buxales Takht ex Reveal Buxaceae Dumort nom cons including Haptanthaceae C Nelson Core eudicots Edit Gunnerales Takht ex Reveal Myrothamnaceae Nied nom cons Gunneraceae Meisn nom cons Dilleniales DC ex Bercht amp J Presl Dilleniaceae Salisb nom cons Superrosids Edit Saxifragales Bercht amp J Presl Peridiscaceae Kuhlm nom cons Paeoniaceae Raf nom cons Altingiaceae Lindl nom cons Hamamelidaceae R Br nom cons Cercidiphyllaceae Engl nom cons Daphniphyllaceae Mull Arg nom cons Iteaceae J Agardh nom cons Grossulariaceae DC nom cons Saxifragaceae Juss nom cons Crassulaceae J St Hil nom cons Aphanopetalaceae Doweld Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai Penthoraceae Rydb ex Britton nom cons Haloragaceae R Br nom cons Cynomoriaceae Endl ex Lindl nom cons Rosids Edit Vitales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Vitaceae Juss nom cons Fabids Edit Zygophyllales Link Krameriaceae Dumort nom cons Zygophyllaceae R Br nom cons Fabales Bromhead Quillajaceae D Don Fabaceae Lindl nom cons Leguminosae Juss nom cons Surianaceae Arn nom cons Polygalaceae Hoffmanns amp Link nom cons Rosales Bercht amp J Presl Rosaceae Juss nom cons Barbeyaceae Rendle nom cons Dirachmaceae Hutch Elaeagnaceae Juss nom cons Rhamnaceae Juss nom cons Ulmaceae Mirb nom cons Cannabaceae Martinov nom cons Moraceae Gaudich nom cons Urticaceae Juss nom cons Fagales Engl Nothofagaceae Kuprian Fagaceae Dumort nom cons Myricaceae Rich ex Kunth nom cons Juglandaceae DC ex Perleb nom cons Casuarinaceae R Br nom cons Ticodendraceae Gomez Laur amp L D Gomez Betulaceae Gray nom cons Cucurbitales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Apodanthaceae Tiegh ex Takht Anisophylleaceae Ridl Corynocarpaceae Engl nom cons Coriariaceae DC nom cons Cucurbitaceae Juss nom cons Tetramelaceae Airy Shaw Datiscaceae Dumort nom cons Begoniaceae C Agardh nom cons COM clade placement uncertain Edit Celastrales Link Lepidobotryaceae J Leonard nom cons Celastraceae R Br nom cons Oxalidales Bercht amp J Presl Huaceae A Chev Connaraceae R Br nom cons Oxalidaceae R Br nom cons Cunoniaceae R Br nom cons Elaeocarpaceae Juss nom cons Cephalotaceae Dumort nom cons Brunelliaceae Engl nom cons Malpighiales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Pandaceae Engl amp Gilg nom cons Irvingiaceae Exell amp Mendonca nom cons including Allantospermum Forman Ctenolophonaceae Exell amp Mendonca Rhizophoraceae Pers nom cons Erythroxylaceae Kunth nom cons Ochnaceae DC nom cons Bonnetiaceae L Beauvis ex Nakai Clusiaceae Lindl nom cons Guttiferae Juss nom cons Calophyllaceae J Agardh Podostemaceae Rich ex Kunth nom cons Hypericaceae Juss nom cons Caryocaraceae Voigt nom cons Lophopyxidaceae H Pfeiff Putranjivaceae Meisn Centroplacaceae Doweld amp Reveal Elatinaceae Dumort nom cons Malpighiaceae Juss nom cons Balanopaceae Benth amp Hook f nom cons Trigoniaceae A Juss nom cons Dichapetalaceae Baill nom cons Euphroniaceae Marc Berti Chrysobalanaceae R Br nom cons Humiriaceae A Juss nom cons Achariaceae Harms nom cons Violaceae Batsch nom cons Goupiaceae Miers Passifloraceae Juss ex Roussel nom cons Lacistemataceae Mart nom cons Salicaceae Mirb nom cons Peraceae Klotzsch Rafflesiaceae Dumort nom cons Euphorbiaceae Juss nom cons Linaceae DC ex Perleb nom cons Ixonanthaceae Planch ex Miq nom cons Picrodendraceae Small nom cons Phyllanthaceae Martinov nom cons Malvids Edit Geraniales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Geraniaceae Juss nom cons Francoaceae A Juss nom cons including Bersamaceae Doweld Greyiaceae Hutch nom cons Ledocarpaceae Meyen Melianthaceae Horan nom cons Rhynchothecaceae A Juss Vivianiaceae Klotzsch nom cons Myrtales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Combretaceae R Br nom cons Lythraceae J St Hil nom cons Onagraceae Juss nom cons Vochysiaceae A St Hil nom cons Myrtaceae Juss nom cons Melastomataceae Juss nom cons Crypteroniaceae A DC nom cons Alzateaceae S A Graham Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill nom cons Crossosomatales Takht ex Reveal Aphloiaceae Takht Geissolomataceae A DC nom cons Strasburgeriaceae Tiegh nom cons Staphyleaceae Martinov nom cons Guamatelaceae S H Oh amp D Potter Stachyuraceae J Agardh nom cons Crossosomataceae Engl nom cons Picramniales Doweld Picramniaceae Fernando amp Quinn Huerteales Doweld Gerrardinaceae M H Alford Petenaeaceae Christenh et al Tapisciaceae Takht Dipentodontaceae Merr nom cons Sapindales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl Nitrariaceae Lindl Kirkiaceae Takht Burseraceae Kunth nom cons Anacardiaceae R Br nom cons Sapindaceae Juss nom cons including Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al as Xanthoceraceae Rutaceae Juss nom cons Simaroubaceae DC nom cons Meliaceae Juss nom cons Malvales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Cytinaceae A Rich Muntingiaceae C Bayer et al Neuradaceae Kostel nom cons Malvaceae Juss nom cons Sphaerosepalaceae Bullock Thymelaeaceae Juss nom cons Bixaceae Kunth nom cons Cistaceae Juss nom cons including Pakaraimaea Maguire amp P S Ashton Sarcolaenaceae Caruel nom cons Dipterocarpaceae Blume nom cons Brassicales Bromhead Akaniaceae Stapf nom cons Tropaeolaceae Juss ex DC nom cons Moringaceae Martinov nom cons Caricaceae Dumort nom cons Limnanthaceae R Br nom cons Setchellanthaceae Iltis Koeberliniaceae Engl nom cons Bataceae Mart ex Perleb nom cons Salvadoraceae Lindl nom cons Emblingiaceae Airy Shaw Tovariaceae Pax nom cons Pentadiplandraceae Hutch amp Dalziel Gyrostemonaceae A Juss nom cons Resedaceae Martinov nom cons including Borthwickiaceae J X Su et al Stixidaceae Doweld as Stixaceae Forchhammeria Liebm Capparaceae Juss nom cons Cleomaceae Bercht amp J Presl Brassicaceae Burnett nom cons Cruciferae Juss nom cons Superasterids Edit Berberidopsidales Doweld Aextoxicaceae Engl amp Gilg nom cons Berberidopsidaceae Takht Santalales R Br ex Bercht amp J Presl Olacaceae R Br nom cons not monophyletic including Aptandraceae Miers Coulaceae Tiegh Erythropalaceae Planch ex Miq nom cons Octoknemaceae Soler nom cons Strombosiaceae Tiegh Ximeniaceae Horan Opiliaceae Valeton nom cons Balanophoraceae Rich nom cons Santalaceae R Br nom cons not monophyletic if Balanophoraceae are embedded including Amphorogynaceae Nickrent amp Der Cervantesiaceae Nickrent amp Der Comandraceae Nickrent amp Der Nanodeaceae Nickrent amp Der Thesiaceae Vest Viscaceae Batsch Misodendraceae J Agardh nom cons Schoepfiaceae Blume Loranthaceae Juss nom cons Caryophyllales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Frankeniaceae Desv nom cons Tamaricaceae Link nom cons Plumbaginaceae Juss nom cons Polygonaceae Juss nom cons Droseraceae Salisb nom cons Nepenthaceae Dumort nom cons Drosophyllaceae Chrtek et al Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw nom cons Ancistrocladaceae Planch ex Walp nom cons Rhabdodendraceae Prance Simmondsiaceae Tiegh Physenaceae Takht Asteropeiaceae Takht ex Reveal amp Hoogland Macarthuriaceae Christenh Microteaceae Schaferhoff amp Borsch Caryophyllaceae Juss nom cons Achatocarpaceae Heimerl nom cons Amaranthaceae Juss nom cons Stegnospermataceae Nakai Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal Lophiocarpaceae Doweld amp Reveal Kewaceae Christenh Barbeuiaceae Nakai Gisekiaceae Nakai Aizoaceae Martinov nom cons Phytolaccaceae R Br nom cons Petiveriaceae C Agardh including Rivinaceae C Agardh Sarcobataceae Behnke Nyctaginaceae Juss nom cons Molluginaceae Bartl nom cons Montiaceae Raf Didiereaceae Radlk nom cons Basellaceae Raf nom cons Halophytaceae S Soriano Talinaceae Doweld Portulacaceae Juss nom cons Anacampserotaceae Eggli amp Nyffeler Cactaceae Juss nom cons Asterids Edit Cornales Link Nyssaceae Juss ex Dumort nom cons Hydrostachyaceae Engl nom cons Hydrangeaceae Dumort nom cons Loasaceae Juss nom cons Curtisiaceae Takht Grubbiaceae Endl ex Meisn nom cons Cornaceae Bercht amp J Presl nom cons Ericales Bercht amp J Presl Balsaminaceae A Rich nom cons Marcgraviaceae Bercht amp J Presl nom cons Tetrameristaceae Hutch Fouquieriaceae DC nom cons Polemoniaceae Juss nom cons Lecythidaceae A Rich nom cons Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw Pentaphylacaceae Engl nom cons Sapotaceae Juss nom cons Ebenaceae Gurke nom cons Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh nom cons Theaceae Mirb nom cons Symplocaceae Desf nom cons Diapensiaceae Lindl nom cons Styracaceae DC amp Spreng nom cons Sarraceniaceae Dumort nom cons Roridulaceae Martinov nom cons Actinidiaceae Gilg amp Werderm nom cons Clethraceae Klotzsch nom cons Cyrillaceae Lindl nom cons Ericaceae Juss nom cons Mitrastemonaceae Makino nom cons placement in order unclear Lamiids Edit Icacinales Tiegh Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw Icacinaceae Miers nom cons Metteniusales Takht Metteniusaceae H Karst ex Schnizl Garryales Mart Eucommiaceae Engl nom cons Garryaceae Lindl nom cons Gentianales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Rubiaceae Juss nom cons Gentianaceae Juss nom cons Loganiaceae R Br ex Mart nom cons Gelsemiaceae L Struwe amp V A Albert including Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt Apocynaceae Juss nom cons Boraginales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Boraginaceae Juss nom cons including Codonaceae Weigend amp Hilger Vahliales Doweld Vahliaceae Dandy Solanales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Convolvulaceae Juss nom cons Solanaceae Juss nom cons Montiniaceae Nakai nom cons Sphenocleaceae T Baskerv nom cons Hydroleaceae R Br Lamiales Bromhead Plocospermataceae Hutch Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw Oleaceae Hoffmanns amp Link nom cons Tetrachondraceae Wettst Calceolariaceae Olmstead Gesneriaceae Rich amp Juss nom cons the position of Peltanthera Benth is problematic and here considered unplaced to family Plantaginaceae Juss nom cons Scrophulariaceae Juss nom cons Stilbaceae Kunth nom cons Linderniaceae Borsch et al Byblidaceae Domin nom cons Martyniaceae Horan nom cons Pedaliaceae R Br nom cons Acanthaceae Juss nom cons Bignoniaceae Juss nom cons Lentibulariaceae Rich nom cons Schlegeliaceae Reveal Thomandersiaceae Sreem Verbenaceae J St Hil nom cons Lamiaceae Martinov nom cons Labiatae Juss nom cons Mazaceae Reveal Phrymaceae Schauer nom cons Paulowniaceae Nakai Orobanchaceae Vent nom cons including Lindenbergiaceae Doweld Rehmanniaceae Reveal Campanulids Edit Aquifoliales Senft Stemonuraceae Karehed Cardiopteridaceae Blume nom cons Phyllonomaceae Small Helwingiaceae Decne Aquifoliaceae Bercht amp J Presl nom cons Asterales Link Rousseaceae DC Campanulaceae Juss nom cons Pentaphragmataceae J Agardh nom cons Stylidiaceae R Br nom cons Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw Phellinaceae Takht Argophyllaceae Takht Menyanthaceae Dumort nom cons Goodeniaceae R Br nom cons Calyceraceae R Br ex Rich nom cons Asteraceae Bercht amp J Presl nom cons Compositae Giseke nom cons Escalloniales Link Escalloniaceae R Br ex Dumort nom cons Bruniales Dumort Columelliaceae D Don nom cons Bruniaceae R Br ex DC nom cons Paracryphiales Takht ex Reveal Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw Dipsacales Juss ex Bercht amp J Presl Adoxaceae E Mey nom cons Viburnaceae Raf nom cons prop Caprifoliaceae Juss nom cons Apiales Nakai Pennantiaceae J Agardh Torricelliaceae Hu Griseliniaceae Takht nom cons prop Pittosporaceae R Br nom cons Araliaceae Juss nom cons Myodocarpaceae Doweld Apiaceae Lindl nom cons Umbelliferae Juss nom cons Phylogeny EditLike the earlier APG systems the APG IV revision is based on a phylogenetic tree for the angiosperms as shown below 4 angiosperms AmborellalesNymphaealesAustrobaileyalesCore angiosperms Chloranthalesmagnoliids MagnolialesLauralesPiperalesCanellalesmonocots AcoralesAlismatalesPetrosavialesPandanalesDioscorealesLilialesAsparagalescommelinids ArecalesPoalesCommelinalesZingiberalesCeratophyllaleseudicots RanunculalesProtealesTrochodendralesBuxalescore eudicots continued core eudicots GunneralesPentapetalae Dillenialessuperrosids Saxifragalesrosids Vitalesfabids ZygophyllalesFabalesRosalesFagalesCucurbitalesCelastralesMalpighialesOxalidalesmalvids GeranialesMyrtalesCrossosomatalesPicramnialesSapindalesHuertealesBrassicalesMalvalessuperasterids BerberidopsidalesSantalalesCaryophyllalesasterids CornalesEricalescampanulids AquifolialesAsteralesEscallonialesBrunialesApialesDipsacalesParacryphialeslamiids IcacinalesMetteniusalesGarryalesBoraginalesGentianalesVahlialesLamialesSolanalesReferences Edit a b c APG IV 2016 Haston et al 2009 APG IV 2016 p 5 Cole Hilger amp Stevens 2019 Bibliography EditAngiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 105 121 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 00996 x Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2016 An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants APG IV Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 1 1 20 doi 10 1111 boj 12385 Haston E Richardson J E Stevens P F Chase M W amp Harris D J 2009 The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group LAPG III a linear sequence of the families in APG III Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 2 128 131 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 2009 01000 x Fay Michael 9 May 2016 APG classification by consensus Kew Science RBG Kew archived from the original on 2016 08 05 retrieved 2016 06 12 Cole Theodor C H Hilger Hartmut H amp Stevens Peter F 2019 Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster Flowering Plant Systematics PDF retrieved 2023 06 16 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title APG IV system amp oldid 1177085285, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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