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Wikipedia

Vjosa Osmani

Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu (born 17 May 1982) is a Kosovar Albanian jurist and politician serving as the 5th and current President of Kosovo since 4 April 2021.[5][6]

Vjosa Osmani
Official portrait, 2021
5th President of Kosovo
Assumed office
4 April 2021
Prime MinisterAlbin Kurti
Preceded byGlauk Konjufca (acting)
Acting
5 November 2020 – 22 March 2021
Prime MinisterAvdullah Hoti
Preceded byHashim Thaçi
Succeeded byGlauk Konjufca (acting)
6th Speaker of the Assembly of Kosovo
In office
3 February 2020 – 22 March 2021
PresidentHashim Thaçi
Preceded byGlauk Konjufca
Succeeded byGlauk Konjufca
Personal details
Born
Vjosa Osmani

(1982-05-17) 17 May 1982 (age 40)[1]
Titova Mitrovica, Yugoslavia
(now Mitrovica, Kosovo)[a]
NationalityKosovar and Albanian
Political partyIndependent (2021–present)
Other political
affiliations
Spouse
Prindon Sadriu
​
(m. 2012)​
[3]
Children2
EducationUniversity of Pristina
University of Pittsburgh (LLM, SJD)[4]
ProfessionPolitician and legal academic
Signature

Born in Kosovo and raised in the city of Mitrovica, Osmani became a political activist and studied law at the University of Pristina and the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. She worked as an advisor to the then president of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu before she was elected to the Assembly. Osmani held the position of Speaker of the Assembly from February 2020 to March 2021, and also served as acting president between November 2020 and March 2021 after the resignation of President Hashim Thaçi. Upon her election as president, Osmani became the second woman to hold the position, as well as the first person to have served as both acting president and president of Kosovo.

Osmani successfully ran on an anti-corruption platform and has expressed a desire to normalize relations between Kosovo and Serbia. Since taking office, Osmani has returned the flag of Dardania as the official symbol of the presidency.

Early life and education

Vjosa Osmani was born on 17 May 1982 in Mitrovica, then a part of Yugoslavia to ethnic Albanian parents.[1][7] She grew up with four siblings, and completed her primary and secondary education in her hometown.[7][1] Osmani was a teenager during the Kosovo War, and she once stated that she "can still feel" the barrel of an AK-47 rifle that a soldier forced into her mouth after her home in Mitrovica had been raided.[7]

Osmani earned her bachelor's degree in law from the University of Prishtina in Kosovo.[8][9] She continued with graduate studies at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law (Pitt Law), earning a master's degree in law (LLM) in 2005 and a doctorate in juridical science (SJD) in 2015.[10][4][11] Her doctoral dissertation addressed the applicability of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) in Kosovo as Kosovo's legal status has evolved since 1988, when the CISG first entered into force.[11]

Career

 
 
Osmani with U.S. presidents Barack Obama and Joe Biden (then-vice president), both in 2009

Academia

Osmani has been a teaching assistant at the University of Pristina,[9][12] a lecturer at RIT Kosovo,[9][1] and a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh.[9][10]

Politics

 
Meeting with former prime minister Isa Mustafa and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Administrator Mark Green in 2019

Osmani's political career began in her teens, as an activist for the centre-right Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK).[1] On 27 August 2009, she was elected chief of staff for then president Fatmir Sejdiu.[1] Osmani had also served as legal counsel and foreign policy advisor to the president.[10] She was a member of the Assembly of Kosovo for three terms, and once received the largest number of votes for a female politician in Kosovan parliamentary history.[10][1]

Osmani contributed to the independence of Kosovo, as the president's representative for the Constitution Commission, the body that prepared the Kosovan constitution. She represented Kosovo in a case at the International Court of Justice, where she defended the legality of Kosovo's independence.[13]

As part of her parliamentary duties, Osmani served as the chair of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Diaspora and Strategic Investments and the Committee on European Integration. She also served as the vice-chair of the Committee on Constitutional Reforms in Kosovo.[10]

In 2014, Osmani clashed with LDK leadership, including party leader Isa Mustafa, when she criticized the LDK for forming a coalition government with its long-time rival party, the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), breaking a previously made pledge.[14][15] Osmani also boycotted the presidential election in 2016, in which PDK leader Hashim Thaçi was elected president as part of the coalition agreement.[14][16]

2019 election

Osmani was viewed as a possible prime minister of Kosovo by the LDK in the 2019 snap parliamentary election.[13][17] While campaigning for the election, she said the Kosovan people were ready for a female prime minister, and that she could fight corruption and make free market reforms for Kosovo.[18][19] She lost the election to Albin Kurti, leader of the left-wing anti-establishment party Vetëvendosje, and had received 176,016 votes.[20]

On 20 June 2020, Osmani was removed from her position as her party's deputy leader, after LDK leader Mustafa called for her dismissal due to her public opposition of decisions made by the party.[15][21] Prime Minister Avdullah Hoti replaced her as LDK deputy leader.[15] Osmani later quit the LDK altogether on 7 September 2020, stating that the party had left her no choice, but adding that she would return if the party were reformed.[22][23]

Acting presidency

In 2020, Osmani was appointed acting president of Kosovo after President Thaçi resigned following an indictment by the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office in The Hague.[24]

In preparation for the 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election, Osmani announced the founding of her own political party, Guxo, on 2 January 2021.[25] She also aligned with Kurti's Vetëvendosje party. Running on an anti-corruption platform, both parties scored landslide victories, and Osmani personally received more than 300,000 votes.[24] The election also gave women a third of the 120-seat parliament and an unprecedented six positions out of fifteen in the cabinet.[24]

In contrast, the LDK, Osmani's former party, did very poorly in the elections, as predicted by LDK members who had publicly criticized the earlier ouster of Osmani in 2020.[26][15][27] The LDK lost roughly half of its seats in parliament, and party leader Mustafa resigned on 14 March.[28][29][30][31]

Presidency

 
Osmani with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken (center) and Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti (right) in 2022

On 4 April 2021, the assembly elected Osmani as Kosovo's president during its third round of voting.[32][8] Although the vote was unattended by two opposition parties as well as a party representing the ethnic Serb minority in Kosovo, 82 members of the 120-seat parliament cast their votes during the second day of the extraordinary session.[33][24][b] She won 71 of the votes, while 11 votes were declared invalid, and was subsequently sworn in for a five-year term later that day, becoming Kosovo's second female president.[33][8] Osmani said that she hoped to normalize relations between Kosovo and Serbia, while also calling for Belgrade to apologize for the war that led to Kosovo's declaration of independence and to prosecute those who had committed war crimes.[32][33]

Before taking the oath of office, Osmani resigned from the leadership of Guxo.[36][37][c] Newly appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs Donika GĂ«rvalla replaced her as Guxo's head.[39]

Official visits

No. Country Date Cities visited Type of visit Rf.
1   Albania 17 December 2020 Tirana Official visit[d] [40]
2   Belgium 12–13 January 2021 Brussels Official visit[d] [41][42]
3   Switzerland 2–5 March 2021 Bern Official visit[d] [43]
4   Slovenia 17 May 2021 Kranj Brdo-Brijuni Process [44]
5   Estonia 10–11 June 2021 Tallinn Official visit [45][46]
6   Turkey 17–18 June 2021 Antalya SEECP Summit [47]
7   Austria 22 June 2021 Vienna Official visit [48]
8   Japan 23 July 2021 Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony [49]
9   Switzerland 1 September 2021 Interlaken Swiss Economic Forum [50]
10   Germany 14 September 2021 Berlin Official visit [51]
11   United States 19–25 September 2021 New York City Working visit [52]
12 15–16 October 2021 United Nations Security Council Meeting [53]
13   Portugal 28–29 October 2021 Lisbon Official visit [54]
14   Canada 19–24 November 2021 Ottawa and Halifax [55]
15   Germany 18 February 2022 Munich Munich Security Conference [56]
16   Turkey 26 February–1 March 2022 Ankara and Istanbul Official visit [57]
17   Malta 2–3 March 2022 Valletta [58]
18   Turkey 11–13 March 2022 Antalya Antalya Diplomacy Forum [59]
19   Qatar 25–29 March 2022 Doha Official visit [60]
20   United States 26–30 April 2022 Washington, D.C. Funeral ceremony of Madeleine Albright [61]
21   Panama 4–6 May 2022 Panama City Official visit [62]
22   Costa Rica 7–9 May 2022 San JosĂ© Inauguration of President Rodrigo Chaves Robles [62]
23   United States 10–11 May 2022 Washington, D.C. Munich Leaders Meetings [63]
24   Lithuania 12–13 May 2022 Vilnius Official visit [64]
25   Greece 10–11 June 2022 Athens SEECP Summit [65]
26   North Macedonia 16–17 June 2022 Skopje and Lake Prespa Official visit and Prespa Forum Dialogue [66]
27   European Union 23 June 2022 Brussels EU-Western Balkans Summit
28   Thailand 24–26 June 2022 Bangkok Official visit [67]
29   Singapore 27–28 June 2022 Singapore Official visit [68]
30   Slovenia 4–5 July 2022 Ljubljana Official visit [69]
31   Albania 24 July 2022 Tirana Inauguration of President Bajram Begaj [70]
32   United States 25–27 July 2022 Washington, D.C. Working visit [71]
33   Czech Republic 30 August – 2 September 2022 Prague Official visit [72]
34   Slovenia 12 September 2022 Kranj Brdo-Brijuni Process [73]
35   Germany 15 September 2022 Potsdam Working visit [74]
36   United Kingdom 19 September 2022 London State funeral of Elizabeth II [75]
37   United States 20–27 September 2022 New York City Official visit [76]
38   Czech Republic 6–7 October 2022 Prague European Political Community [77]
39   France 10 November 2022 Paris Paris Peace Forum [78]
40   Austria 16 November 2022 Vienna Official visit [79]
41   Tunisia 19–20 November 2022 Djerba OIF Summit [80]
42   Bulgaria 30 November–1 December 2022 Sofia Official visit [81]
43   Albania 6 December 2022 Tirana EU-Western Balkans Summit [82]
44    Vatican City 23 January 2023 Vatican City Official visit [83]
45   Italy Rome
46   Iceland 2–3 February 2023 Reykjavik Working visit [84]
47   Montenegro 7 February 2023 Podgorica Official visit [85]
48   Germany 18 February 2023 Munich Munich Security Conference [86]

Awards

During Osmani's master's studies at the University of Pittsburgh, the university presented her with the Excellence for the Future Award twice.[1] In 2017, the University of Pittsburgh Center for International Studies awarded her the Sheth International Young Alumni Achievement Award for her contribution to democracy and human rights.[10][13]

On 28 February 2022, Osmani was awarded a Honoris Causa from Ankara University.[87]

Personal life

In 2012, Osmani married Prindon Sadriu, an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[3] They have twin daughters.[24] Osmani speaks Albanian, English, Serbian, Spanish, and Turkish.[1]

Bibliography

  • Monograph: "Street Children in Kosovo"; Finnish Human Rights Program in Kosovo in Three Languages (English, Albanian, Serbian), 2004
  • Arbitration - A Guide for Judges and Practitioners; USAID, 2008
  • Bar Exam Manual - Section on Commercial Law; co-author; UNDP and Kosovo Chamber of Advocates, 2008
  • Business Law - Authorized Lectures; Riinvest University, Kosovo, 2008
  • The Big Impact of a Small Program on the Development of Rule of Law in Kosovo (in "The Export of Legal Education: Promoting and Impacting Transition Countries); Ashgate, 2009
  • Representing Kosovo before the International Court of Justice; Center for International Legal Education (CILE Notes), September 2010, University of Pittsburgh School of Law
  • Balkans - Foreign Affairs, Politics and Socio-Cultures (co-author of section of Kosovo's Foreign Policy); EPOKA University Publications, Tirana, October 2011; ISBN 978-9928-4044-4-2
  • Kosovo's foreign policy: Five Years On (in "Political Thought: Foreign Policy and Aspects of International Diplomacy", co-author; 2011, No 43, September 2013; Konrad Adenauer Stiftung)
  • The Role of Parliamentary Diplomacy in Shaping the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kosovo; University of Pittsburgh, Law Review, except publication: FALL, 2014

Notes

  1. ^ The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 out of 193 (52.3%) UN member states (with another 13 recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition), while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory.
  2. ^ Boycotting the vote were opposition parties PDK and Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), as well as Serb minority party Serb List.[34] It was also reported that one or two members of the aforementioned parties may not have adhered to the boycott.[35]
  3. ^ The Constitution of Kosovo precludes the president from acting as an official of any political party.[38]
  4. ^ a b c As acting president

References

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  71. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani dhe Kryeministri Kurti udhëtuan për në Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  72. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani takoi kryeministrin çek, Petr Fiala". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  73. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "President Osmani participates at the meeting of the presidents of the region of the Brdo-Brijuni process in Slovenia". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  74. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani në Potsdam: Republika e Kosovës, rrëfim suksesi në forcimin e demokracisë dhe aleancave me partnerë perëndimor". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  75. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "President Osmani will attend the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  76. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "President Osmani departed on an official trip to New York". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  77. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani në Pragë për samitin e parë të Komunitetit Politik Evropian". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  78. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani udhëton zyrtarisht për në Paris". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  79. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani u prit në takim pune nga presidenti i Austrisë, Alexander Van der Bellen". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  80. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani në Tunizi për samitin e krerëve të shteteve të Frankofonisë". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  81. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani nĂ« vizitĂ«n zyrtare Bullgari: dekoroi ushtrinĂ« bullgare, pranoi titullin e nderit nga universiteti publik dhe u nderua me ÇelĂ«sin e Sofjes". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  82. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani në Tiranë në takimin e liderëve të Bashkimit Evropian dhe Ballkanit Perëndimor". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  83. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani udhëtoi zyrtarisht për takime në Vatikan dhe Itali". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  84. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani në vizitë pune në Islandë". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  85. ^ Osmani, President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa. "Presidentja Osmani me ftesĂ« tĂ« homologut Milo Đukanović nĂ« vizitĂ« zyrtare nĂ« Mal tĂ« Zi". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  86. ^ "Presidentja Osmani në Konferencën e Sigurisë në Mynih: Gratë e Kosovës kishin rol vendimtar në procesin e shtetndërtimit". President of the Republic of Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani. Retrieved 18 February 2023. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  87. ^ Osmani, Presidenti i Republikës së Kosovës - Vjosa. "President Osmani was honoured with the "Doctor Honoris Causa" award by the prestigious Ankara Universityt". Retrieved 28 February 2022.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Speaker of the Assembly of Kosovo
2020–2021
Succeeded by
Avni Dehari
Acting
Preceded by President of Kosovo
Acting

2020–2021
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Kosovo
2021–present
Incumbent
Party political offices
New political party Leader of Guxo
2021
Succeeded by

vjosa, osmani, sadriu, born, 1982, kosovar, albanian, jurist, politician, serving, current, president, kosovo, since, april, 2021, official, portrait, 20215th, president, kosovoincumbentassumed, office, april, 2021prime, ministeralbin, kurtipreceded, byglauk, . Vjosa Osmani Sadriu born 17 May 1982 is a Kosovar Albanian jurist and politician serving as the 5th and current President of Kosovo since 4 April 2021 5 6 Vjosa OsmaniOfficial portrait 20215th President of KosovoIncumbentAssumed office 4 April 2021Prime MinisterAlbin KurtiPreceded byGlauk Konjufca acting Acting 5 November 2020 22 March 2021Prime MinisterAvdullah HotiPreceded byHashim ThaciSucceeded byGlauk Konjufca acting 6th Speaker of the Assembly of KosovoIn office 3 February 2020 22 March 2021PresidentHashim ThaciPreceded byGlauk KonjufcaSucceeded byGlauk KonjufcaPersonal detailsBornVjosa Osmani 1982 05 17 17 May 1982 age 40 1 Titova Mitrovica Yugoslavia now Mitrovica Kosovo a NationalityKosovar and AlbanianPolitical partyIndependent 2021 present Other politicalaffiliationsGuxo 2021 Democratic League of Kosovo until 2020 2 SpousePrindon Sadriu m 2012 wbr 3 Children2EducationUniversity of PristinaUniversity of Pittsburgh LLM SJD 4 ProfessionPolitician and legal academicSignatureBorn in Kosovo and raised in the city of Mitrovica Osmani became a political activist and studied law at the University of Pristina and the University of Pittsburgh School of Law She worked as an advisor to the then president of Kosovo Fatmir Sejdiu before she was elected to the Assembly Osmani held the position of Speaker of the Assembly from February 2020 to March 2021 and also served as acting president between November 2020 and March 2021 after the resignation of President Hashim Thaci Upon her election as president Osmani became the second woman to hold the position as well as the first person to have served as both acting president and president of Kosovo Osmani successfully ran on an anti corruption platform and has expressed a desire to normalize relations between Kosovo and Serbia Since taking office Osmani has returned the flag of Dardania as the official symbol of the presidency Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 Academia 2 2 Politics 2 2 1 2019 election 2 2 2 Acting presidency 2 2 3 Presidency 3 Official visits 4 Awards 5 Personal life 6 Bibliography 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksEarly life and education EditVjosa Osmani was born on 17 May 1982 in Mitrovica then a part of Yugoslavia to ethnic Albanian parents 1 7 She grew up with four siblings and completed her primary and secondary education in her hometown 7 1 Osmani was a teenager during the Kosovo War and she once stated that she can still feel the barrel of an AK 47 rifle that a soldier forced into her mouth after her home in Mitrovica had been raided 7 Osmani earned her bachelor s degree in law from the University of Prishtina in Kosovo 8 9 She continued with graduate studies at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law Pitt Law earning a master s degree in law LLM in 2005 and a doctorate in juridical science SJD in 2015 10 4 11 Her doctoral dissertation addressed the applicability of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods CISG in Kosovo as Kosovo s legal status has evolved since 1988 when the CISG first entered into force 11 Career Edit Osmani with U S presidents Barack Obama and Joe Biden then vice president both in 2009 Academia Edit Osmani has been a teaching assistant at the University of Pristina 9 12 a lecturer at RIT Kosovo 9 1 and a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh 9 10 Politics Edit Meeting with former prime minister Isa Mustafa and U S Agency for International Development USAID Administrator Mark Green in 2019 Osmani s political career began in her teens as an activist for the centre right Democratic League of Kosovo LDK 1 On 27 August 2009 she was elected chief of staff for then president Fatmir Sejdiu 1 Osmani had also served as legal counsel and foreign policy advisor to the president 10 She was a member of the Assembly of Kosovo for three terms and once received the largest number of votes for a female politician in Kosovan parliamentary history 10 1 Osmani contributed to the independence of Kosovo as the president s representative for the Constitution Commission the body that prepared the Kosovan constitution She represented Kosovo in a case at the International Court of Justice where she defended the legality of Kosovo s independence 13 As part of her parliamentary duties Osmani served as the chair of the Committee on Foreign Affairs Diaspora and Strategic Investments and the Committee on European Integration She also served as the vice chair of the Committee on Constitutional Reforms in Kosovo 10 In 2014 Osmani clashed with LDK leadership including party leader Isa Mustafa when she criticized the LDK for forming a coalition government with its long time rival party the Democratic Party of Kosovo PDK breaking a previously made pledge 14 15 Osmani also boycotted the presidential election in 2016 in which PDK leader Hashim Thaci was elected president as part of the coalition agreement 14 16 2019 election Edit Main article 2019 Kosovan parliamentary election Osmani was viewed as a possible prime minister of Kosovo by the LDK in the 2019 snap parliamentary election 13 17 While campaigning for the election she said the Kosovan people were ready for a female prime minister and that she could fight corruption and make free market reforms for Kosovo 18 19 She lost the election to Albin Kurti leader of the left wing anti establishment party Vetevendosje and had received 176 016 votes 20 On 20 June 2020 Osmani was removed from her position as her party s deputy leader after LDK leader Mustafa called for her dismissal due to her public opposition of decisions made by the party 15 21 Prime Minister Avdullah Hoti replaced her as LDK deputy leader 15 Osmani later quit the LDK altogether on 7 September 2020 stating that the party had left her no choice but adding that she would return if the party were reformed 22 23 Acting presidency Edit In 2020 Osmani was appointed acting president of Kosovo after President Thaci resigned following an indictment by the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor s Office in The Hague 24 In preparation for the 2021 Kosovan parliamentary election Osmani announced the founding of her own political party Guxo on 2 January 2021 25 She also aligned with Kurti s Vetevendosje party Running on an anti corruption platform both parties scored landslide victories and Osmani personally received more than 300 000 votes 24 The election also gave women a third of the 120 seat parliament and an unprecedented six positions out of fifteen in the cabinet 24 In contrast the LDK Osmani s former party did very poorly in the elections as predicted by LDK members who had publicly criticized the earlier ouster of Osmani in 2020 26 15 27 The LDK lost roughly half of its seats in parliament and party leader Mustafa resigned on 14 March 28 29 30 31 Presidency Edit Osmani with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken center and Kosovo Prime Minister Albin Kurti right in 2022 On 4 April 2021 the assembly elected Osmani as Kosovo s president during its third round of voting 32 8 Although the vote was unattended by two opposition parties as well as a party representing the ethnic Serb minority in Kosovo 82 members of the 120 seat parliament cast their votes during the second day of the extraordinary session 33 24 b She won 71 of the votes while 11 votes were declared invalid and was subsequently sworn in for a five year term later that day becoming Kosovo s second female president 33 8 Osmani said that she hoped to normalize relations between Kosovo and Serbia while also calling for Belgrade to apologize for the war that led to Kosovo s declaration of independence and to prosecute those who had committed war crimes 32 33 Before taking the oath of office Osmani resigned from the leadership of Guxo 36 37 c Newly appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs Donika Gervalla replaced her as Guxo s head 39 Official visits EditNo Country Date Cities visited Type of visit Rf 1 Albania 17 December 2020 Tirana Official visit d 40 2 Belgium 12 13 January 2021 Brussels Official visit d 41 42 3 Switzerland 2 5 March 2021 Bern Official visit d 43 4 Slovenia 17 May 2021 Kranj Brdo Brijuni Process 44 5 Estonia 10 11 June 2021 Tallinn Official visit 45 46 6 Turkey 17 18 June 2021 Antalya SEECP Summit 47 7 Austria 22 June 2021 Vienna Official visit 48 8 Japan 23 July 2021 Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony 49 9 Switzerland 1 September 2021 Interlaken Swiss Economic Forum 50 10 Germany 14 September 2021 Berlin Official visit 51 11 United States 19 25 September 2021 New York City Working visit 52 12 15 16 October 2021 United Nations Security Council Meeting 53 13 Portugal 28 29 October 2021 Lisbon Official visit 54 14 Canada 19 24 November 2021 Ottawa and Halifax 55 15 Germany 18 February 2022 Munich Munich Security Conference 56 16 Turkey 26 February 1 March 2022 Ankara and Istanbul Official visit 57 17 Malta 2 3 March 2022 Valletta 58 18 Turkey 11 13 March 2022 Antalya Antalya Diplomacy Forum 59 19 Qatar 25 29 March 2022 Doha Official visit 60 20 United States 26 30 April 2022 Washington D C Funeral ceremony of Madeleine Albright 61 21 Panama 4 6 May 2022 Panama City Official visit 62 22 Costa Rica 7 9 May 2022 San Jose Inauguration of President Rodrigo Chaves Robles 62 23 United States 10 11 May 2022 Washington D C Munich Leaders Meetings 63 24 Lithuania 12 13 May 2022 Vilnius Official visit 64 25 Greece 10 11 June 2022 Athens SEECP Summit 65 26 North Macedonia 16 17 June 2022 Skopje and Lake Prespa Official visit and Prespa Forum Dialogue 66 27 European Union 23 June 2022 Brussels EU Western Balkans Summit28 Thailand 24 26 June 2022 Bangkok Official visit 67 29 Singapore 27 28 June 2022 Singapore Official visit 68 30 Slovenia 4 5 July 2022 Ljubljana Official visit 69 31 Albania 24 July 2022 Tirana Inauguration of President Bajram Begaj 70 32 United States 25 27 July 2022 Washington D C Working visit 71 33 Czech Republic 30 August 2 September 2022 Prague Official visit 72 34 Slovenia 12 September 2022 Kranj Brdo Brijuni Process 73 35 Germany 15 September 2022 Potsdam Working visit 74 36 United Kingdom 19 September 2022 London State funeral of Elizabeth II 75 37 United States 20 27 September 2022 New York City Official visit 76 38 Czech Republic 6 7 October 2022 Prague European Political Community 77 39 France 10 November 2022 Paris Paris Peace Forum 78 40 Austria 16 November 2022 Vienna Official visit 79 41 Tunisia 19 20 November 2022 Djerba OIF Summit 80 42 Bulgaria 30 November 1 December 2022 Sofia Official visit 81 43 Albania 6 December 2022 Tirana EU Western Balkans Summit 82 44 Vatican City 23 January 2023 Vatican City Official visit 83 45 Italy Rome46 Iceland 2 3 February 2023 Reykjavik Working visit 84 47 Montenegro 7 February 2023 Podgorica Official visit 85 48 Germany 18 February 2023 Munich Munich Security Conference 86 Awards EditDuring Osmani s master s studies at the University of Pittsburgh the university presented her with the Excellence for the Future Award twice 1 In 2017 the University of Pittsburgh Center for International Studies awarded her the Sheth International Young Alumni Achievement Award for her contribution to democracy and human rights 10 13 On 28 February 2022 Osmani was awarded a Honoris Causa from Ankara University 87 Personal life EditIn 2012 Osmani married Prindon Sadriu an employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3 They have twin daughters 24 Osmani speaks Albanian English Serbian Spanish and Turkish 1 Bibliography EditMonograph Street Children in Kosovo Finnish Human Rights Program in Kosovo in Three Languages English Albanian Serbian 2004 Arbitration A Guide for Judges and Practitioners USAID 2008 Bar Exam Manual Section on Commercial Law co author UNDP and Kosovo Chamber of Advocates 2008 Business Law Authorized Lectures Riinvest University Kosovo 2008 The Big Impact of a Small Program on the Development of Rule of Law in Kosovo in The Export of Legal Education Promoting and Impacting Transition Countries Ashgate 2009 Representing Kosovo before the International Court of Justice Center for International Legal Education CILE Notes September 2010 University of Pittsburgh School of Law Balkans Foreign Affairs Politics and Socio Cultures co author of section of Kosovo s Foreign Policy EPOKA University Publications Tirana October 2011 ISBN 978 9928 4044 4 2 Kosovo s foreign policy Five Years On in Political Thought Foreign Policy and Aspects of International Diplomacy co author 2011 No 43 September 2013 Konrad Adenauer Stiftung The Role of Parliamentary Diplomacy in Shaping the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kosovo University of Pittsburgh Law Review except publication FALL 2014Notes Edit The political status of Kosovo is disputed Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008 Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 out of 193 52 3 UN member states with another 13 recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory Boycotting the vote were opposition parties PDK and Alliance for the Future of Kosovo AAK as well as Serb minority party Serb List 34 It was also reported that one or two members of the aforementioned parties may not have adhered to the boycott 35 The Constitution of Kosovo precludes the president from acting as an official of any political party 38 a b c As acting presidentReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i Vjosa Osmani is elected President of Kosovo Class Albania Retrieved 5 April 2021 A po largohet Vjosa Osmani nga LDK ja Kjo eshte deklarata e saj Is Vjosa Osmani leaving the LDK This is her statement Kanal10 in Albanian 7 September 2020 a b Prindon Sadriu Ne MPJ jam punesuar para se te martohesha me Vjosa Osmanin Prindon Sadriu I was employed at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs before I married Vjosa Osmani Gazeta Express in Albanian 27 November 2018 Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b Pitt Law Alumna Vjosa Osmani Nominated by LDK as candidate for prime minister of Kosovo School of Law University of Pittsburgh www law pitt edu Archived from the original on 8 April 2021 Retrieved 8 April 2021 Kurti kandidat i VV se per kryeminister Osmani per presidente Koha Ditore in Albanian 14 January 2021 Kosovo MPs elect lawyer Vjosa Osmani as president Deutsche Welle 4 April 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b c Callaghan Louise 9 January 2021 Shaped by Kosovo s war Vjosa Osmani won t blink in her battle to cut out the rot The Times Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b c Sulaj Agim Abdula Furkan 4 April 2021 Kosovo s parliament elects Vjosa Osmani as president Anadolu Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b c d CV juridiku uni pr edu Archived from the original PDF on 28 March 2019 Retrieved 10 April 2021 a b c d e f Vjosa Osmani University Center for International Studies www ucis pitt edu Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b TREATY APPLICATION IN KOSOVO THROUGH RULES OF SUCCESSION AND AS DOMESTIC LAW THE EXAMPLE OF THE CISG PDF d scholarship pitt edu 2015 Archived from the original PDF on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Universiteti i Prishtines archive ph 8 April 2021 Archived from the original on 8 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 a b c Vjosa Osmani femra e pare si kandidate per kryeministre e diplomuar ne SHBA 25 August 2019 a b Winners and losers as new era of Kosovar politics dawns Kosovo 2 0Kosovo 2 0 Kosovo 2 0 8 October 2019 Archived from the original on 28 November 2020 Retrieved 8 April 2021 a b c d LDK remove Vjosa Osmani from party leadership 20 June 2020 Archived from the original on 3 February 2021 Retrieved 8 April 2021 Hashim Thaci elected Kosovo s new president amid tear gas BBC News archive ph 27 February 2016 Archived from the original on 27 February 2016 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Vjosa Osmani the woman taking on Kosovo s nasty politics to be PM www msn com Kosovo to Elect New Parliament Amid Anger Over Graft Unemployment Voice of America Reuters 1 October 2019 Retrieved 6 October 2019 Zivanovic Maja Isufi Perparim 7 October 2019 Opposition Vetevendosje Party Triumphs in Kosovo Election Balkan Insight Retrieved 7 October 2019 Keto jane subjektet politike qe mund t i votoni me 6 tetor Gazeta Express www gazetaexpress com 6 October 2019 Archived from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 5 April 2021 UPDATE Kosovo s Ruling Party Votes to Remove Speaker of Parliament V archive ph 20 July 2020 Archived from the original on 20 July 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Osmani perfundimisht ndan rruget me LDK ne Bashkepunimin me LVV ne archive ph 9 April 2021 Archived from the original on 9 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Vjosa Osmani Ne LDK do te kthehesha nese reformohet Indeksonline n archive ph 9 April 2021 Archived from the original on 9 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 a b c d e Kosovo parliament elects reformist lawyer Osmani as president Daily Sabah 4 April 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2021 Albanian Daily News archive ph 8 April 2021 Archived from the original on 8 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 LDK leader Isa Mustafa steps down following electoral defeat archive ph 5 March 2021 Archived from the original on 5 March 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Deputeti i LDK se thote se ka votuar kunder shkarkimit te Vjosa Osman archive ph 3 August 2020 Archived from the original on 3 August 2020 Retrieved 10 April 2021 REZULTATET PERFUNDIMTARE KONACNI REZULTATI PDF www kqz ks org Archived from the original PDF on 25 January 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Kosovo Center for Strategic and International Studies archive ph 9 April 2021 Archived from the original on 9 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Isa Mustafa resigns as LDK leader Prishtina Insight archive ph 15 February 2021 Archived from the original on 15 February 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Kosovo Opposition LDK Elects Lumir Abdixhiku as Party President Exi archive ph 14 March 2021 Archived from the original on 14 March 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 a b Kosovo MPs elect lawyer Vjosa Osmani as president Deutsche Welle 4 April 2021 Archived from the original on 6 April 2021 Retrieved 5 April 2021 a b c Kosovo parliament elects Vjosa Osmani as new president Al Jazeera Archived from the original on 6 April 2021 Retrieved 6 April 2021 Kosovo MP Faced with Protest over Sexist Language against President 6 April 2021 Archived from the original on 6 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Vjosa Osmani elected Kosovo President 4 April 2021 Archived from the original on 4 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Para se te jepte betimin si presidente Vjosa Osmani dha doreheqje ng archive ph 6 April 2021 Archived from the original on 6 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Pas doreheqjes se Vjosa Osmanit Donika Gervalla e drejton iniciative archive ph 6 April 2021 Archived from the original on 6 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo PDF www kryeministri ks net Archived from the original PDF on 21 March 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Donika Gervalla We are not an experiment we are a sovereign state archive ph 6 April 2021 Archived from the original on 6 April 2021 Retrieved 10 April 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Fjalimi i u d Presidentes Vjosa Osmani ne Kuvendin e Shqiperise Acting President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 16 December 2020 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa U d Presidentja Osmani u takua me deputetet e Parlamentit Evropian qe jane ne Grupin e Miqesise se Kosoves Acting President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 12 January 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa U d Presidentja Osmani mirepritet ne Parlamentin e Belgjikes nga Presidentja e Senatit Stephanie D Hose dhe Kryetarja e Dhomes se Perfaqesuesve Eliane Tillieux Acting President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 13 January 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa U d presidentja Osmani u takua me Presidentin e Keshillit Kombetar te Zvicres Andreas Aebi Acting President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 3 March 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani merr pjese ne Samitin e presidenteve te rajonit Brdo Brijun ne Slloveni President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 17 May 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja e Republikes se Kosoves Vjosa Osmani sot ka udhetuar per ne Estoni me ftese te autoriteteve shteterore te Estonise dhe te enjten nise viziten dy ditore ne kete shtet President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 9 June 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani u takua me Presidenten e Estonise znj Kersti Kaljulaid President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 10 June 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani merr pjese ne samitin vjetor te SEECP se dhe ne takimin inaugurues te Forumit Diplomatik te Antalias President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 17 June 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne vizite zyrtare ne Austri President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 22 June 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani udhetoi per ne Japoni per pjesemarrje ne ceremonine hapese te Lojerave Olimpike Tokio 2020 si dhe per takime bilaterale President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 22 July 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani merr pjese ne Forumin Ekonomik te Zvicres President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 1 September 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Vjosa Osmani ne vizite zyrtare ne Gjermani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 14 September 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani udhetoi zyrtarisht per ne New York President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 19 September 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani udhetoi zyrtarisht per ne New York per te marre pjese ne takimin e Keshillit te Sigurimit President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 15 October 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne vizite zyrtare ne Portugali takohet me kreret shteterore President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 28 October 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani fillon viziten me nderime ushtarake nga Forcat e Armatosura te Kanadasee President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 19 November 2021 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa President Osmani attends the Munich Security Conference MSC President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 18 February 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani me ftese te presidentit Recep Tayyip Erdogan nisi viziten zyrtare ne Turqi President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 26 February 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa At the invitation of the President of Malta President Osmani commences her visit to Malta President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 2 March 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne Forumin Diplomatik te Antalise Bashkepunimi rajonal dhe global mundeson paqen dhe stabilitetin President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 11 March 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ka udhetuar ne Katar me ftese te Emirit Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 25 March 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani dhe Kryeministri Kurti kane udhetuar per ne SHBA per te marre pjese ne varrimin e ish sekretares se shtetit Madeleine Albright President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 25 March 2022 a b Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ka udhetuar per vizite zyrtare ne Republiken e Panamase dhe ne Republiken e Kosta Rikes President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 4 May 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ka udhetuar per ne Washington DC per te marre pjese ne Takimin e Lidereve te konferences se Mynihut President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 9 May 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ka udhetuar per vizite zyrtare ne Lituani me ftese te Presidentit Gitanas Nauseda President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 9 May 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani takoi kryeministrin grek Kyriakos Mitsotakis Kosova dhe Greqia intensifikojne raportet bilaterale President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 11 June 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani takoi presidentin e Maqedonise se Veriut z Stevo Pendarovski President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 16 June 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa President Osmani met with the Prime Minister of Thailand Prayout Chan o cha President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 24 June 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani takoi Presidenten e Singaporit Halimah Yacob President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 27 June 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani me ftese te presidentit Pahor udhetoi per vizite zyrtare ne Slloveni President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 4 July 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani merr pjese ne inaugurimin e presidentit te ri te Shqiperise z Bajram Begaj President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 24 July 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani dhe Kryeministri Kurti udhetuan per ne Shtetet e Bashkuara te Amerikes President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 25 July 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani takoi kryeministrin cek Petr Fiala President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 31 August 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa President Osmani participates at the meeting of the presidents of the region of the Brdo Brijuni process in Slovenia President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 12 September 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne Potsdam Republika e Kosoves rrefim suksesi ne forcimin e demokracise dhe aleancave me partnere perendimor President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 15 September 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa President Osmani will attend the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 17 September 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa President Osmani departed on an official trip to New York President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 19 September 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne Prage per samitin e pare te Komunitetit Politik Evropian President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 6 October 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani udheton zyrtarisht per ne Paris President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 10 November 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani u prit ne takim pune nga presidenti i Austrise Alexander Van der Bellen President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 10 November 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne Tunizi per samitin e krereve te shteteve te Frankofonise President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 10 November 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne viziten zyrtare Bullgari dekoroi ushtrine bullgare pranoi titullin e nderit nga universiteti publik dhe u nderua me Celesin e Sofjes President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 3 December 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne Tirane ne takimin e lidereve te Bashkimit Evropian dhe Ballkanit Perendimor President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 6 December 2022 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani udhetoi zyrtarisht per takime ne Vatikan dhe Itali President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 22 January 2023 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani ne vizite pune ne Islande President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 2 February 2023 Osmani President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Presidentja Osmani me ftese te homologut Milo Đukanovic ne vizite zyrtare ne Mal te Zi President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 7 February 2023 Presidentja Osmani ne Konferencen e Sigurise ne Mynih Grate e Kosoves kishin rol vendimtar ne procesin e shtetndertimit President of the Republic of Kosovo Vjosa Osmani Retrieved 18 February 2023 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a first missing last help Osmani Presidenti i Republikes se Kosoves Vjosa President Osmani was honoured with the Doctor Honoris Causa award by the prestigious Ankara Universityt Retrieved 28 February 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vjosa Osmani Vjosa Osmani on Twitter Vjosa Osmani on FacebookPolitical officesPreceded byGlauk Konjufca Speaker of the Assembly of Kosovo2020 2021 Succeeded byAvni DehariActingPreceded byHashim Thaci President of KosovoActing2020 2021 Succeeded byGlauk KonjufcaActingPreceded byGlauk KonjufcaActing President of Kosovo2021 present IncumbentParty political officesNew political party Leader of Guxo2021 Succeeded byDonika Gervalla Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vjosa Osmani amp oldid 1143151375, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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