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Condoleezza Rice

August 29, 2023

Condoleezza Rice (/ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/ KON-də-LEE-zə; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served as the 66th United States secretary of state from 2005 to 2009 and as the 19th U.S. national security advisor from 2001 to 2005. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state and the first woman to serve as national security advisor. Until the election of Barack Obama as president in 2008, Rice and her predecessor, Colin Powell, were the highest-ranking African Americans in the history of the federal executive branch (by virtue of the secretary of state standing fourth in the presidential line of succession). At the time of her appointment as Secretary of State, Rice was the highest-ranking woman in the history of the United States to be in the presidential line of succession.

Condoleezza Rice
Official portrait, 2005
66th United States Secretary of State
In office
January 26, 2005 – January 20, 2009
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
DeputyRichard Armitage
Robert Zoellick
John Negroponte
Preceded byColin Powell
Succeeded byHillary Clinton
19th United States National Security Advisor
In office
January 20, 2001 – January 26, 2005
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
DeputyStephen Hadley
Preceded bySandy Berger
Succeeded byStephen Hadley
8th Director of the Hoover Institution
Assumed office
September 1, 2020
Preceded byThomas W. Gilligan
10th Provost of Stanford University
In office
September 1, 1993 – June 30, 1999
Preceded byGerald Lieberman
Succeeded byJohn L. Hennessy
Personal details
Born (1954-11-14) November 14, 1954 (age 68)
Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
Political partyRepublican (after 1982)
Democratic (before 1982)
EducationUniversity of Denver (BA, PhD)
University of Notre Dame (MA)
Signature
Scientific career
FieldsPolitical science
ThesisThe Politics of Client Command: Party-Military Relations in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1975 (1981)
Condoleezza Rice's voice
Condoleezza Rice on the 1963 Birmingham Church Bombing
Recorded October 15, 2010

Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and grew up while the South was racially segregated. She obtained her bachelor's degree from the University of Denver and her master's degree from the University of Notre Dame, both in political science. In 1981, she received a PhD from the School of International Studies at the University of Denver.[1][2] She worked at the State Department under the Carter administration and served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and Eastern Europe affairs advisor to President George H. W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification from 1989 to 1991. Rice later pursued an academic fellowship at Stanford University, where she later served as provost from 1993 to 1999. On December 17, 2000, she joined the Bush administration as President George W. Bush's national security advisor. In Bush's second term, she succeeded Colin Powell as Secretary of State, thereby becoming the first African-American woman, second African-American after Powell, and second woman after Madeleine Albright to hold this office.

Following her confirmation as secretary of state, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy directed toward expanding the number of responsible democratic governments in the world and especially in the Greater Middle East. That policy faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems (with U.S. backing). While in the position, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.[3] In March 2009, Rice returned to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.[4][5] In September 2010, she became a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a director of its Global Center for Business and the Economy.[6] In January 2020, it was announced that Rice would succeed Thomas W. Gilligan as the next director of the Hoover Institution on September 1, 2020.[7] She is on the Board of Directors of Dropbox and Makena Capital Management, LLC.[8][9][10]

Early life

Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only child of Angelena (née Ray) Rice, a high school science, music, and oratory teacher, and John Wesley Rice, Jr., a high school guidance counselor, Presbyterian minister,[11] and dean of students at Stillman College, a historically black college in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.[12] Her name, Condoleezza, derives from the music term con dolcezza (Italian: sweetly, softly, lit. 'with sweetness'). Rice has roots in the American South going back to the pre-Civil War era, and some of her ancestors worked as sharecroppers for a time after emancipation. Rice discovered on the PBS series Finding Your Roots[13] that she is of 51% African, 40% European, and 9% Asian or Native American genetic descent, while her mtDNA is traced back to the Tikar people of Cameroon.[14][15]

In her 2017 book, Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom, she writes, "My great-great-grandmother Zina on my mother's side bore five children by different slave owners" and "My great-grandmother on my father's side, Julia Head, carried the name of the slave owner and was so favored by him that he taught her to read."[16] Rice grew up in the Titusville[17] neighborhood of Birmingham, and then Tuscaloosa, Alabama, at a time when the South was racially segregated. The Rices lived on the campus of Stillman College.[12]

Rice began to learn French, music, figure skating and ballet at the age of three.[18] At the age of fifteen, she began piano classes with the goal of becoming a concert pianist.[19]

Education

In 1967, the family moved to Denver, Colorado. She attended St. Mary's Academy, an all-girls Catholic high school in Cherry Hills Village, Colorado, and graduated at age 16 in 1971. Rice enrolled at the University of Denver, where her father was then serving as an assistant dean.[citation needed]

Rice initially majored in music, and after her sophomore year, she went to the Aspen Music Festival and School. There, she later said, she met students of greater talent than herself, and she doubted her career prospects as a pianist. She began to consider an alternative major.[19][20] She attended an International Politics course taught by Josef Korbel, which sparked her interest in the Soviet Union and international relations. Rice later described Korbel (who is the father of Madeleine Albright, then a future U.S. Secretary of State), as a central figure in her life.[21]

In 1974, at age 19, Rice was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and was awarded a B.A., cum laude, in political science by the University of Denver. While at the University of Denver she was a member of Alpha Chi Omega, Gamma Delta chapter.[22] She obtained a master's degree in political science from the University of Notre Dame in 1975. She first worked in the State Department in 1977, during the Carter administration, as an intern in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. She also studied Russian at Moscow State University in the summer of 1979, and interned with the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California.[23] In 1981, at age 26, she received her Ph.D. in political science from the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. Her dissertation centered on military policy and politics in what was then the communist state of Czechoslovakia.[24]

From 1980 to 1981, she was a fellow at Stanford University's Arms Control and Disarmament Program, having won a Ford Foundation Dual Expertise Fellowship in Soviet Studies and International Security.[23] Rice was one of only four women – along with Janne E. Nolan, Cindy Roberts, and Gloria Duffy – studying international security at Stanford on fellowships at the time.[25][26] Her fellowship at Stanford began her academic affiliation with the university and time in Northern California.

Early political views

Rice was a Democrat until 1982, when she changed her political affiliation to Republican, in part because she disagreed with the foreign policy of Democratic President Jimmy Carter,[27][28] and because of the influence of her father, who was Republican. As she told the 2000 Republican National Convention, "My father joined our party because the Democrats in Jim Crow Alabama of 1952 would not register him to vote. The Republicans did."[29]

Academic career

 
Condoleezza Rice during a 2005 interview on ITV in London

Rice was hired by Stanford University as an assistant professor of political science (1981–1987). She was promoted to associate professor in 1987, a post she held until 1993. She was a specialist on the Soviet Union and gave lectures on the subject for the Berkeley-Stanford joint program led by UC Berkeley professor George W. Breslauer in the mid-1980s.

At a 1985 meeting of arms control experts at Stanford, Rice's performance drew the attention of Brent Scowcroft, who had served as National Security Advisor under Gerald Ford.[30] With the election of George H. W. Bush, Scowcroft returned to the White House as National Security Adviser in 1989, and he asked Rice to become his Soviet expert on the United States National Security Council. According to R. Nicholas Burns, President Bush was "captivated" by Rice, and relied heavily on her advice in his dealings with Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin.[30]

Because she would have been ineligible for tenure at Stanford if she had been absent for more than two years, she returned there in 1991. She was taken under the wing of George Shultz (Ronald Reagan's secretary of state from 1982 to 1989), who was a fellow at the Hoover Institution. Shultz included Rice in a "luncheon club" of intellectuals who met every few weeks to discuss foreign affairs.[30] In 1992, Shultz, who was a board member of Chevron Corporation, recommended Rice for a spot on the Chevron board. Chevron was pursuing a $10 billion development project in Kazakhstan and, as a Soviet specialist, Rice knew the president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. She traveled to Kazakhstan on Chevron's behalf and, in honor of her work, in 1993, Chevron named a 129,000-ton supertanker SS Condoleezza Rice.[30] During this period, Rice was also appointed to the boards of Transamerica Corporation (1991) and Hewlett-Packard (1992).

Provost promotion

At Stanford, in 1992, Rice volunteered to serve on the search committee to replace outgoing president Donald Kennedy. The committee ultimately recommended Gerhard Casper, the provost of the University of Chicago. Casper met Rice during this search, and was so impressed that in 1993, he appointed her as Stanford's provost, the chief budget and academic officer of the university in 1993[30] and she also was granted tenure and became full professor.[31] Rice was the first female, first African-American, and youngest provost in Stanford's history.[32][33][34] She was also named a senior fellow of the Institute for International Studies, and a senior fellow (by courtesy) of the Hoover Institution.

Former Stanford president Gerhard Casper said the university was "most fortunate in persuading someone of Professor Rice's exceptional talents and proven ability in critical situations to take on this task. Everything she has done, she has done well; I have every confidence that she will continue that record as provost."[35] Acknowledging Rice's unique character, Casper told The New Yorker in 2002 that it "would be disingenuous for me to say that the fact that she was a woman, the fact that she was black and the fact that she was young weren't in my mind."[36][37]

As Stanford's provost, Rice was responsible for managing the university's multibillion-dollar budget. The school at that time was running a deficit of $20 million. When Rice took office, she promised that the budget would be balanced within "two years." Coit Blacker, Stanford's deputy director of the Institute for International Studies, said there "was a sort of conventional wisdom that said it couldn't be done ... that [the deficit] was structural, that we just had to live with it." Two years later, Rice announced that the deficit had been eliminated and the university was holding a record surplus of over $14.5 million.[38]

Rice drew protests when, as the provost, she departed from the practice of applying affirmative action to tenure decisions and unsuccessfully sought to consolidate the university's ethnic community centers.[37]

Return to Stanford

During a farewell interview in early December 2008, Rice indicated she would return to Stanford and the Hoover Institution, "back west of the Mississippi where I belong," but beyond writing and teaching did not specify what her role would be.[39] Rice's plans for a return to campus were elaborated in an interview with the Stanford Report in January 2009.[40] She returned to Stanford as a political science professor and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution on March 1, 2009.[41] Condoleezza Rice is currently the Denning Professor in Global Business and the Economy at the Stanford Graduate School of Business; the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution; and a professor of political science at Stanford University.[42]

Role in nuclear strategy

In 1986, Rice was appointed special assistant to the director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to work on nuclear strategic planning as part of a Council on Foreign Relations fellowship. In 2005, Rice assumed office as Secretary of State. Rice played an important role in trying to stop the nuclear threat from North Korea and Iran.[43]

North Korea

North Korea signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1985, but in 2002 revealed they were operating a secret nuclear weapons program that violated the 1994 agreement. The 1994 agreement between the United States and North Korea included North Korea agreeing to freeze and eventually dismantle its graphite moderated nuclear reactors, in exchange for international aid which would help them to build two new light-water nuclear reactors. In 2003, North Korea officially withdrew from the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Rice played a key role in the idea of "six-party talks" that brought China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea into discussion with North Korea and the United States.[44]

During these discussions, Rice gave strong talks to urge North Korea to dismantle their nuclear power program. In 2005, North Korea agreed to give up its entire nuclear program in exchange for security guarantees and economic benefits to ensure its survival.[43] Despite the agreement in 2005, in 2006, North Korea test fired long range missiles. The UN Security Council demanded North Korea suspend the program. In 2007, Rice was involved in another nuclear agreement with North Korea (Pyongyang). Rice, other negotiators for the United States and four other nations (six-party talks) reached a deal with North Korea. In this deal North Korea agreed to close its main nuclear reactor in exchange for $400 million in fuel and aid.[43]

India

In 2006, Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh announced the Agreement for Cooperation between the United States and India involving peaceful uses of nuclear energy. As Secretary of State, Rice was involved in the negotiation of this agreement and declared "India's society is open and free, transparent and stable. Its multiethnic and multi-religious democracy is characterized by individual freedom and the rule of law. We share common values...India is a rising global power that can be a pillar of stability in a rapidly changing Asia. India is, in short, a natural partner for the United States.[43][45]

Private sector

Rice headed Chevron's committee on public policy until she resigned on January 15, 2001, to become National Security Advisor to President George W. Bush. Chevron honored Rice by naming an oil tanker Condoleezza Rice after her, but controversy led to its being renamed Altair Voyager.[46][47]

She also served on the board of directors for the Carnegie Corporation, the Charles Schwab Corporation, the Chevron Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, the Rand Corporation, the Transamerica Corporation, and other organizations.

In 1992, Rice founded the Center for New Generation, an after-school program created to raise the high school graduation numbers of East Palo Alto and eastern Menlo Park, California.[48] After her tenure as secretary of state, Rice was approached in February 2009 to fill an open position as a Pac-10 Commissioner,[49] but chose instead to return to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.

In 2014, Rice joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls.[50][51]

On July 11, 2022, the Denver Broncos announced that Rice had joined the Walton-Penner ownership group (consisting of S. Robson Walton, Greg Penner, Carrie Walton Penner, Mellody Hobson, and Sir Lewis Hamilton), which recently agreed to buy the NFL team for $4.65 billion.[52] On August 9, 2022, the NFL owners approved the purchase of the Denver Broncos by the Walton-Penner group.[53]

Early political career

In 1986, while an international affairs fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations, Rice served as special assistant to the director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

From 1989 through March 1991 (the period of the fall of Berlin Wall and the final days of the Soviet Union), she served in President George H. W. Bush's administration as director, and then senior director, of Soviet and East European affairs in the National Security Council, and a special assistant to the president for national security affairs. In this position, Rice wrote what would become known as the "Chicken Kiev speech" in which Bush advised the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, against independence. She also helped develop Bush's and Secretary of State James Baker's policies in favor of German reunification. She impressed Bush, who later introduced her to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, as the one who "tells me everything I know about the Soviet Union."[54]

In 1991, Rice returned to her teaching position at Stanford, although she continued to serve as a consultant on the former Soviet Bloc for numerous clients in both the public and private sectors. Late that year, California governor Pete Wilson appointed her to a bipartisan committee that had been formed to draw new state legislative and congressional districts in the state.

In 1997, she sat on the Federal Advisory Committee on Gender-Integrated Training in the Military.[citation needed]

During George W. Bush's 2000 presidential election campaign, Rice took a one-year leave of absence from Stanford University to serve as his foreign policy advisor. The group of advisors she led called itself the Vulcans in honor of the monumental Vulcan statue, which sits on a hill overlooking her hometown of Birmingham, Alabama. Rice would later go on to give a noteworthy speech at the 2000 Republican National Convention. The speech asserted that "...  America's armed forces are not a global police force. They are not the world's 911."[29][55][56]

National Security Advisor (2001–2005)

 
Rice, Secretary of State Colin Powell, and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld listen to President George W. Bush speak about the Middle East on June 24, 2002

On December 16, 2000, Rice was named as National Security Advisor,[57] upon which she stepped down from her position at Stanford.[58] She was the first woman to occupy the post. Rice earned the nickname of "Warrior Princess", reflecting strong nerve and delicate manners.[59]

On January 18, 2003, The Washington Post reported that Rice was involved in crafting Bush's position on race-based preferences. Rice has stated that "while race-neutral means are preferable", race can be taken into account as "one factor among others" in university admissions policies.[60]

Terrorism

During the summer of 2001, Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to discuss the possibilities and prevention of terrorist attacks on American targets. On July 10, 2001, Rice met with Tenet in what he referred to as an "emergency meeting"[61] held at the White House at Tenet's request to brief Rice and the NSC staff about the potential threat of an impending al Qaeda attack. Rice responded by asking Tenet to give a presentation on the matter to Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Attorney General John Ashcroft.[62]

Rice characterized the August 6, 2001, President's Daily Brief Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US as historical information. Rice indicated "It was information based on old reporting."[63] Sean Wilentz of Salon magazine suggested that the PDB contained current information based on continuing investigations, including that Bin Laden wanted to "bring the fighting to America."[64] On September 11, 2001, Rice was scheduled to outline a new national security policy that included missile defense as a cornerstone and played down the threat of stateless terrorism.[65]

 
President Bush addresses the media at the Pentagon on September 17, 2001

When asked in 2006 about the July 2001 meeting, Rice asserted she did not recall the specific meeting, commenting that she had met repeatedly with Tenet that summer about terrorist threats. Moreover, she stated that it was "incomprehensible" to her that she had ignored terrorist threats two months before the September 11 attacks.[61]

In 2003, Rice received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[66]

In August 2010, Rice received the U.S. Air Force Academy's 2009 Thomas D. White National Defense Award for contributions to the defense and security of the United States.[67]

Subpoenas

In March 2004, Rice declined to testify before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission). The White House claimed executive privilege under constitutional separation of powers and cited past tradition. Under pressure, Bush agreed to allow her to testify so long as it did not create a precedent of presidential staff being required to appear before Congress when so requested.[68] In April 2007, Rice rejected, on grounds of executive privilege, a House subpoena regarding the prewar claim that Iraq sought yellowcake uranium from Niger.[69]

Iraq

 
Cheney, Rice and Rumsfeld participate in a video conference with President Bush and Iraqi PM Maliki in 2006

Rice was a proponent of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. After Iraq delivered its declaration of weapons of mass destruction to the United Nations on December 8, 2002, Rice wrote an editorial for The New York Times entitled "Why We Know Iraq Is Lying".[70] In a January 10, 2003, interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Rice made headlines by stating regarding Iraqi president Saddam Hussein's nuclear capabilities: "The problem here is that there will always be some uncertainty about how quickly he can acquire nuclear weapons. But we don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud."[71]

In October 2003, Rice was named to run the Iraq Stabilization Group, to "quell violence in Iraq and Afghanistan and to speed the reconstruction of both countries."[72] By May 2004, The Washington Post reported that the council had become virtually nonexistent.[73]

Leading up to the 2004 presidential election, Rice became the first National Security Advisor to campaign for an incumbent president. She stated that while: "Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with the actual attacks on America, Saddam Hussein's Iraq was a part of the Middle East that was festering and unstable, [and] was part of the circumstances that created the problem on September 11."[74]

After the invasion, when it became clear that Iraq did not have nuclear WMD capability, critics called Rice's claims a "hoax", "deception" and "demagogic scare tactic".[75] Dana Milbank and Mike Allen wrote in The Washington Post: "Either she missed or overlooked numerous warnings from intelligence agencies seeking to put caveats on claims about Iraq's nuclear weapons program, or she made public claims that she knew to be false".[76]

Role in authorizing use of torture

A Senate Intelligence Committee reported that on July 17, 2002, Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to personally convey the Bush administration's approval of the proposed waterboarding of alleged Al Qaeda leader Abu Zubaydah. "Days after Dr Rice gave Mr Tenet her approval, the Justice Department approved the use of waterboarding in a top secret August 1 memo."[77] Waterboarding is considered to be torture by a wide range of authorities, including legal experts,[78][79][80][81] war veterans,[82][83] intelligence officials,[84] military judges,[85] human rights organizations,[86] former U.S. attorney general Eric Holder,[87] and many senior politicians, including former U.S. President Barack Obama.[88]

In 2003 Rice, Vice President Dick Cheney and Attorney General John Ashcroft met with the CIA again and were briefed on the use of waterboarding and other methods including week-long sleep deprivation, forced nudity and the use of stress positions. The Senate report says that the Bush administration officials "reaffirmed that the CIA program was lawful and reflected administration policy".[77]

The Senate report also "suggests Miss Rice played a more significant role than she acknowledged in written testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee submitted in the autumn."[77] At that time, she had acknowledged attending meetings to discuss the CIA's use of torture, but she claimed that she could not recall the details, and she "omitted her direct role in approving the programme in her written statement to the committee."[89]

In a conversation with a student at Stanford University in April 2009, Rice stated that she did not authorize the CIA to use the torture. Rice said, "I didn't authorize anything. I conveyed the authorization of the administration to the agency that they had policy authorization, subject to the Justice Department's clearance. That's what I did."[90] She added, "We were told, nothing that violates our obligations under the Convention Against Torture. And so, by definition, if it was authorized by the president, it did not violate our obligations under the Conventions Against Torture."[90]

In 2015, citing her role in authorizing the use of so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques", Human Rights Watch called for the investigation of Rice "for conspiracy to torture as well as other crimes."[91]

Secretary of State (2005–2009)

Main article: Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State
See also: Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration and List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State
 
Rice signs official papers after receiving the oath of office during her ceremonial swearing in at the Department of State. Watching are, from left, Laura Bush, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, President George W. Bush.
 
Condoleezza Rice visits Governor General of Canada Michaëlle Jean in Ottawa, Ontario.

On November 16, 2004, Bush nominated Rice to be Secretary of State. On January 26, 2005, the Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 85–13.[92] The negative votes, the most cast against any nomination for Secretary of State since 1825,[92] came from Senators who, according to Senator Barbara Boxer, wanted "to hold Dr. Rice and the Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and in the war on terrorism."[93] Their reasoning was that Rice had acted irresponsibly in equating Saddam's regime with Islamist terrorism and some could not accept her previous record. Senator Robert Byrd, a prominent Senate institutionalist[94] who was concerned with executive over-reach, voted against Rice's appointment, indicating that she "has asserted that the President holds far more of the war power than the Constitution grants him."[95]

As Secretary of State, Rice championed the expansion of democratic governments and other American values: "American values are universal."[96] "An international order that reflects our values is the best guarantee of our enduring national interest ..."[97] Rice stated that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were rooted in "oppression and despair" and so, the U.S. must advance democratic reform and support basic rights throughout the greater Middle East.[98]

Rice also reformed and restructured the department, as well as U.S. diplomacy as a whole. "Transformational Diplomacy" is the goal that Rice describes as "work[ing] with our many partners around the world ... [and] build[ing] and sustain[ing] democratic, well-governed states that will respond to the needs of their people and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system."[99]

 
Rice with Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Saud al-Faisal in 2006

As Secretary of State, Rice traveled heavily and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Bush administration;[100] she holds the record for most miles logged in the position.[101] Her diplomacy relied on strong presidential support and is considered to be the continuation of style defined by former Republican secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and James Baker.[100]

 
Condoleezza Rice speaks with Vladimir Putin during her April 2005 trip to Russia.

Post–Bush administration

After the end of the Bush Administration, Rice returned to academia and joined the Council on Foreign Relations.[102]

She appeared as herself in 2011 on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in the fifth-season episode "Everything Sunny All the Time Always", in which she engages in a classical-music duel with Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin). Within the world of the show, Donaghy had had a relationship with Rice during the show's first season.[citation needed]

It was announced in 2013 that Rice was writing a book to be published in 2015 by Henry Holt & Company.[103]

In August 2015, High Point University announced that Rice would speak at the 2016 commencement ceremony.[104] Her commencement address was highlighted by The Huffington Post,[105] Fortune,[106] Business Insider,[107] NBC News, Time, and USA Today.[108]

 
Rice with President Donald Trump, March 31, 2017

In May 2017, Rice said that alleged Russian hacking of DNC emails should "absolutely not" delegitimize Donald Trump's presidency.[109]

College Football Playoff Selection Committee

In October 2013, Rice was selected to be one of the thirteen inaugural members of the College Football Playoff selection committee.[110] Her appointment caused a minor controversy in the sport.[111] In October 2014, she revealed that she watched "14 or 15 games every week live on TV on Saturdays and recorded games on Sundays."[112] Her term on the committee expired at the conclusion of the 2016 college football season.[113]

Cleveland Browns Head Coach rumors

On November 18, 2018 ESPN's Adam Schefter reported that a league source had told him that Rice was being considered as a candidate in the Cleveland Browns' head coach search.[114][115] This report sparked jokes at the expense of the Browns and outcry due to both Rice's lack of any experience in coaching and Rice being a woman. Shortly after the initial report, the Browns and General Manager John Dorsey denied the report saying, "Our coaching search will be thorough and deliberate, but we are still in the process of composing the list of candidates and Secretary Rice has not been discussed."[116][117] Rice, who is a lifelong Browns fan, also denied the reports but joked that she "would like to call a play or two next season if the Browns need ideas."[118]

Speculation on political future

 
Rice speaks with Secretary of State Antony Blinken at Stanford University in 2022

As early as 2003, there were reports that Rice was considering a run for governor of California, while ruling out running for the Senate in 2004.[119] There was also speculation that Rice would run for the Republican nomination in the 2008 primaries, which she ruled out on Meet the Press. On February 22, 2008, Rice played down any suggestion that she may be on the Republican vice presidential ticket: "I have always said that the one thing that I have not seen myself doing is running for elected office in the United States."[120]

During an interview with the editorial board of The Washington Times on March 27, 2008, Rice said she was "not interested" in running for vice president.[121] In a Gallup poll from March 24 to 27, 2008, Rice was mentioned by eight percent of Republican respondents to be their first choice to be John McCain's Republican vice presidential running mate, slightly behind Mike Huckabee and Mitt Romney.[122]

Republican strategist Dan Senor said on ABC's This Week on April 6, 2008, that "Condi Rice has been actively, actually in recent weeks, campaigning for" the vice presidential nomination. He based this assessment on her attendance of Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform conservative leader's meeting on March 26, 2008.[123] In response to Senor's comments, Rice's spokesperson denied that Rice was seeking the vice presidential nomination, saying, "If she is actively seeking the vice presidency, then she's the last one to know about it."[124]

In August 2008, the speculation about a potential McCain–Rice ticket finally ended when then-Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was selected as McCain's running-mate.

In early December 2008, Rice praised President-elect Barack Obama's selection of New York senator Hillary Clinton to succeed her as Secretary of State, saying "she's terrific". Rice, who spoke to Clinton after her selection, said Clinton "is someone of intelligence and she'll do a great job".[125]

Rumors arose once again during the 2012 presidential race that presumptive nominee Mitt Romney was looking into vetting Rice for the vice presidency. Rice once again denied any such intentions or desires to become the vice president, reiterating in numerous interviews that she "is a policy maker, not a politician."[126] Speculation ended in August 2012 when Romney announced that Representative Paul Ryan was chosen as his running-mate.

According to Bob Woodward's 2018 book Fear: Trump in the White House, then-Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus told then Republican nominee Donald Trump, that he should drop out of the race for the good of the party following the release of the Access Hollywood tapes. During these discussions, it was revealed that Mike Pence, the vice presidential nominee, had agreed to replace Trump on the top of the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee, with Rice agreeing to be Pence's running mate.[127]

Political positions

Condoleezza Rice is often described as a centrist or moderate Republican.[128][129] On The Issues, a non-partisan organization which rates candidates based on their policy positions, considers Rice to be a centrist.[130] She takes both liberal and conservative positions; she is pro-choice on abortion, supports gun rights, opposes same-sex marriage but supports civil unions, and supports building oil pipelines such as the Keystone XL pipeline.[131][132]

Terrorist activity

 
Rice meets with Afghan Foreign Minister Rangin Dadfar Spanta to discuss anti-terrorism efforts, 2006

Rice's policy as Secretary of State viewed counter-terrorism as a matter of being preventative, and not merely punitive. In an interview on December 18, 2005, Rice stated: "We have to remember that in this war on terrorism, we're not talking about criminal activity where you can allow somebody to commit the crime and then you go back and you arrest them and you question them. If they succeed in committing their crime, then hundreds or indeed thousands of people die. That's why you have to prevent, and intelligence is the long pole in the tent in preventing attacks."[133]

Rice has promoted the idea that counterterrorism involves not only confronting the governments and organizations that promote and condone terrorism, but also the ideologies that fuel terrorism. In a speech given on July 29, 2005, Rice asserted that "[s]ecuring America from terrorist attack is more than a matter of law enforcement. We must also confront the ideology of hatred in foreign societies by supporting the universal hope of liberty and the inherent appeal of democracy."[134]

 
Rice chats with a member of the Saudi Royal Family after welcoming the new king Salman of Saudi Arabia, January 27, 2015

In January 2005, during Bush's second inaugural ceremonies, Rice first used the term "outposts of tyranny" to refer to countries Rice thought to threaten world peace and human rights. This term has been called a descendant of Bush's phrase, "Axis of Evil", used to describe Iraq, Iran and North Korea. She identified six such "outposts" in which she said the United States has a duty to foster freedom: Cuba, Zimbabwe, Burma and Belarus, as well as Iran and North Korea.

Abortion

Rice said "If you go back to 2000 when I helped the president in the campaign. I said that I was, in effect, kind of libertarian on this issue. And meaning by that, that I have been concerned about a government role in this issue. I am a strong proponent of parental choice—of parental notification. I am a strong proponent of a ban on late-term abortion. These are all things that I think unite people and I think that that's where we should be. I've called myself at times mildly pro-choice."[135] She would not want the federal government "forcing its views on one side or the other."[136] She did not want the Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion, Roe v. Wade, to be overturned.[137]

Rice said she believes President Bush "has been in exactly the right place" on abortion, "which is we have to respect the culture of life and we have to try and bring people to have respect for it and make this as rare a circumstance as possible". However, she added that she has been "concerned about a government role" but has "tended to agree with those who do not favor federal funding for abortion, because I believe that those who hold a strong moral view on the other side should not be forced to fund" the procedure.[136]

Affirmative action

Rice has taken a centrist approach to "race and gender preferences" in affirmative action policies.[138] She described affirmative action as being "still needed," but she does not support quotas.[139]

Female empowerment advocacy

In March 2014, Rice joined and appeared in video spots for the Ban Bossy campaign, a television and social media campaign designed to ban the word "bossy" from general use because of its harmful effect on young girls. Several video spots with other notable spokespersons including Beyoncé, Jennifer Garner and others were produced along with a web site providing school training material, leadership tips, and an online pledge form to which visitors can promise not to use the word.[50][51]

Immigration

Condoleezza Rice supported the comprehensive immigration plan backed by the Bush administration and shared that it was among her regrets that it did not pass through Congress.[140] In 2014, Rice criticized the Obama administration from seeking to approve immigration reforms through executive action.[141] In February 2017 Rice publicly announced her opposition to the Trump administration's travel ban.[140]

Gun rights

Rice says that she became a "Second Amendment absolutist" due to her experience of growing up in Birmingham and facing threats from the KKK.[141] "Rice's fondness for the Second Amendment began while watching her father sit on the porch with a gun, ready to defend his family against the Klan's night riders."[142]

Same-sex marriage and LGBT issues

While Rice does not support same-sex marriage, she does support civil unions. In 2010, Rice stated that she believed "marriage is between a man and a woman ... But perhaps we will decide that there needs to be some way for people to express their desire to live together through civil union."[143] When asked to select a view on a survey, Rice selected a response that said "Same-sex couples should be allowed to form civil unions, but not marry in the traditional sense."[144]

Confederate monuments

In May 2017, Rice said she opposes the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials or the renaming of buildings named after Confederate generals.[145] She argued, "If you forget your history, you're likely to repeat it. ... When you start wiping out your history, sanitizing your history to make you feel better, it's a bad thing."[146]

Racial discrimination

Rice experienced firsthand the injustices of Birmingham's discriminatory laws and attitudes. She was instructed to walk proudly in public and to use the facilities at home rather than subject herself to the indignity of "colored" facilities in town. As Rice recalls of her parents and their peers, "they refused to allow the limits and injustices of their time to limit our horizons."[147]

 
President Bush signing the bill for a Rosa Parks statue at Statuary Hall, Washington, D.C.

However, Rice recalls various times in which she suffered discrimination on account of her race, which included being relegated to a storage room at a department store instead of a regular dressing room, being barred from going to the circus or the local amusement park, being denied hotel rooms, and even being given bad food at restaurants.[148] Also, while Rice was mostly kept by her parents from areas where she might face discrimination, she was very aware of the civil rights struggle and the problems of Jim Crow laws in Birmingham. A neighbor, Juliemma Smith, described how "[Condi] used to call me and say things like, 'Did you see what Bull Connor did today?' She was just a little girl and she did that all the time. I would have to read the newspaper thoroughly because I wouldn't know what she was going to talk about."[148] Rice herself said of the segregation era: "Those terrible events burned into my consciousness. I missed many days at my segregated school because of the frequent bomb threats."[148]

During the violent days of the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Rice armed himself and kept guard over the house while Condoleezza practiced the piano inside. Reverend Rice instilled in his daughter and students that black people would have to prove themselves worthy of advancement, and would simply have to be "twice as good" to overcome injustices built into the system.[149]

Rice said "My parents were very strategic, I was going to be so well prepared, and I was going to do all of these things that were revered in white society so well, that I would be armored somehow from racism. I would be able to confront white society on its own terms."[150] While the Rices supported the goals of the civil rights movement, they did not agree with the idea of putting their child in harm's way.[148]

Rice was eight when her schoolmate Denise McNair, aged 11, was murdered in the bombing of the primarily black Sixteenth Street Baptist Church by white supremacists on September 15, 1963.[2] Rice has commented upon that moment in her life:

I remember the bombing of that Sunday School at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1963. I did not see it happen, but I heard it happen, and I felt it happen, just a few blocks away at my father's church. It is a sound that I will never forget, that will forever reverberate in my ears. That bomb took the lives of four young girls, including my friend and playmate, Denise McNair. The crime was calculated to suck the hope out of young lives, bury their aspirations. But those fears were not propelled forward, those terrorists failed.[151]

Rice states that growing up during racial segregation taught her determination against adversity, and she needed to be "twice as good" as non-minorities.[152]

Legacy

 
Rice greets U.S. military personnel at the American Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq, on May 15, 2005.

Rice has appeared four times on the Time 100, Time magazine's list of the world's 100 most influential people. Rice is one of only nine people in the world whose influence has been considered enduring enough to have made the list—first compiled in 1999 as a retrospective of the 20th century and made an annual feature in 2004—so frequently. However, the list contains people who have the influence to change for better or for worse, and Time has also accused her of squandering her influence, stating on February 1, 2007, that her "accomplishments as Secretary of State have been modest, and even those have begun to fade" and that she "has been slow to recognize the extent to which the U.S.'s prestige has declined."[153] In its March 19, 2007 issue it followed up stating that Rice was "executing an unmistakable course correction in U.S. foreign policy."[154]

In 2004 and 2005, she was ranked as the most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine and number two in 2006 (following the chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel).[155]

 
Rice makes an appearance at Boston College, where she is greeted by Father William Leahy.

Criticism from Senator Barbara Boxer

California Democratic senator Barbara Boxer has also criticized Rice in relation to the war in Iraq. During Rice's confirmation hearing for U.S. secretary of state in January 2005, Boxer stated, "I personally believe—this is my personal view—that your loyalty to the mission you were given, to sell the war, overwhelmed your respect for the truth."[156]

On January 11, 2007, Boxer, during a debate over the war in Iraq, said, "Now, the issue is who pays the price, who pays the price? I'm not going to pay a personal price. My kids are too old, and my grandchild is too young. You're not going to pay a particular price, as I understand it, within immediate family. So who pays the price? The American military and their families, and I just want to bring us back to that fact."[157]

The New York Post and White House press secretary Tony Snow called Boxer's statement an attack on Rice's status as a single, childless female and referred to Boxer's comments as "a great leap backward for feminism."[158] Rice later echoed Snow's remarks, saying "I thought it was okay to not have children, and I thought you could still make good decisions on behalf of the country if you were single and didn't have children." Boxer responded to the controversy by saying "They're getting this off on a non-existent thing that I didn't say. I'm saying, she's like me, we do not have families who are in the military."[159]

Conservative criticism

According to The Washington Post in late July 2008, former undersecretary of state and U.N. ambassador John R. Bolton was referring to Rice and her allies in the Bush Administration whom he believes abandoned earlier hard-line principles when he said: "Once the collapse begins, adversaries have a real opportunity to gain advantage. In terms of the Bush presidency, this many reversals this close to the end destroys credibility ... It appears there is no depth to which this administration will not sink in its last days."[160]

Former secretary of defense Donald Rumsfeld repeatedly criticized Rice after their terms in office ended. In his book Known and Unknown: A Memoir, he portrayed her as a young, inexperienced academic who did not know her place.[161] In 2011 she responded, saying that Rumsfeld "doesn't know what he's talking about."[162] She further addresses the issue in her own book saying, "He would become frustrated when my staff would reach out to military officers in the Pentagon to coordinate the particulars of a policy among the agencies. This was a routine responsibility for the NSC, but for some reason Don interpreted such actions as a violation of his authority."[163]

In his book In My Time, Dick Cheney suggested that Rice had misled the president about nuclear diplomacy with North Korea, saying that she was naïve. He called her advice on the issue "utterly misleading." He also chided Rice for clashing with White House advisers on the tone of the president's speeches on Iraq and said that she, as the secretary of state, ruefully conceded to him that the Bush administration should not have apologized for a claim the president made in his 2003 State of the Union address, on Saddam's supposed search for yellowcake uranium. She "came into my office, sat down in the chair next to my desk, and tearfully admitted I had been right," Cheney wrote. Rice responded: "It certainly doesn't sound like me, now, does it?", saying that she viewed the book as an "attack on my integrity."[164]

Rice has also been criticized by other conservatives. Stephen Hayes of the Weekly Standard accused her of jettisoning the Bush Doctrine, including the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.[165] Other conservatives criticized her for her approach to Russia policy and other issues.[166]

Views within the Black American community

 
Rice's approval ratings from January 2005 to September 2006

Rice's ratings decreased following a heated battle for her confirmation as Secretary of State and following Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Rice's rise within the George W. Bush administration initially drew a largely positive response from many in the black community. In a 2002 survey, then National Security Advisor Rice was viewed favorably by 41% of black respondents, but another 40% did not know Rice well enough to rate her and her profile remained comparatively obscure.[167] As her role increased, some black commentators began to express doubts concerning Rice's stances and statements on various issues. In 2005, The Washington Post columnist Eugene Robinson asked, "How did [Rice] come to a worldview so radically different from that of most black Americans?"[168]

 
Rice and Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer participate in a news conference at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California, 2007.

In August 2005, American musician, actor, and social activist Harry Belafonte, who serves on the Board of TransAfrica, referred to blacks in the Bush administration as "black tyrants." Belafonte's comments received mixed reactions.[167]

Rice dismissed these criticisms during a September 14, 2005 interview when she said, "Why would I worry about something like that? ... The fact of the matter is I've been black all my life. Nobody needs to tell me how to be black."[169]

Black commentators have defended Rice, including Mike Espy,[170] Andrew Young, C. Delores Tucker (chair of the National Congress of Black Women),[citation needed] Clarence Page,[171] Colbert King,[172] Dorothy Height (chair and president emerita of the National Council of Negro Women)[172] and Kweisi Mfume (Congressman and former CEO of the NAACP).[173]

Family and personal life

Rice has never married and has no children.[158] In the 1970s, she dated and was briefly engaged to professional American football player Rick Upchurch but left him because, according to biographer Marcus Mabry, she "knew the relationship wasn't going to work."[44]

Rice's mother, Angelena Rice, died of breast cancer in 1985, aged 61, when Rice was 30.[174] In 1989, Rice's father, John Wesley Rice, wed Clara Bailey,[175] to whom he remained married until his death in 2000, aged 77.[176][self-published source?]

From 2003 to 2017, Rice co-owned a home in Palo Alto, California with Randy Bean. According to public records, the two initially purchased the home with a third investor, Stanford University professor Coit D. Blacker, who later sold his line of credit to the two women. The property arrangement was first revealed in Glenn Kessler's book The Confidante: Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy (2007), sparking rumors about the nature of Rice and Bean's relationship. Kessler has stated he "did not know if this meant there was something more to the relationship between the women beyond a friendship."[177][178][179][180]

On August 20, 2012, Rice was one of the first two women to be admitted as members to Augusta National Golf Club; the other was South Carolina financier Darla Moore.[181] In 2014, Rice was named to the ESPNW Impact 25.[182]

Music

 
Yo-Yo Ma and Rice after performing together at the 2001 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal Awards, April 22, 2002

While Rice ultimately did not become a professional pianist, she still practices often and plays with a chamber music group. She accompanied cellist Yo-Yo Ma playing Johannes Brahms' Violin Sonata in D minor at Constitution Hall in April 2002 for the National Medal of Arts Awards.[183][184]

At the age of 15, she played Mozart with the Denver Symphony, and while Secretary of State she played regularly with a chamber music group in Washington.[183] She does not play professionally, but has performed at diplomatic events at embassies, including a performance for Queen Elizabeth II,[185][186] and she has performed in public with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and singer Aretha Franklin.[187]

In 2005, Rice accompanied Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick, a 21-year-old soprano, for a benefit concert for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association at the Kennedy Center in Washington.[188][189] She performed briefly during her cameo appearance in the "Everything Sunny All the Time Always" episode of 30 Rock. She has stated that her favorite composer is Johannes Brahms, because she thinks Brahms's music is "passionate but not sentimental." On a complementary note, on Friday, April 10, 2009, on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, she stated that her favorite band is Led Zeppelin.[citation needed]

As Secretary of State, Rice was ex officio a member of the Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. As the end of their tenures approached in January 2009, outgoing President Bush appointed her to a six-year term as a general trustee, filling a vacancy on the board.[citation needed]

Honorary degrees

Rice has received several honorary degrees from various American universities, including:

Honorary degrees
State Year School Degree
  Georgia 1991 Morehouse College Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
  Alabama 1994 University of Alabama Doctor of Humane Letters (DHL)
  Indiana 1995 University of Notre Dame Doctorate
  District of Columbia 2002 National Defense University Doctor of National Security Affairs
  Mississippi 2003 Mississippi College School of Law Doctor of Laws (LL.D)
  Kentucky 2004 University of Louisville Doctor of Public Service
  Michigan 2004 Michigan State University Doctor of Humane Letters (DHL)[190]
  Massachusetts 2006 Boston College Doctor of Laws (LL.D)[191]
  Alabama 2008 Air University Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)[192]
  North Carolina 2010 Johnson C. Smith University Doctor of Laws (LL.D)[193]
  Texas 2012 Southern Methodist University Doctor of Laws (LL.D)[194]
  Virginia 2015 College of William and Mary Doctor of Public Service[195]
  Tennessee 2018 Sewanee: The University of the South Doctor of Civil Law[196]
  New York 2021 Siena College Doctor of Humane Letters[197]

Honors

See also

Published works

  • Rice, Condoleezza (1984). The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army: Uncertain Allegiance. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-06921-2
  • Rice, Condoleezza & Dallin, Alexander (eds.) (1986). The Gorbachev Era. Stanford Alumni Association, trade paperback (1986), ISBN 0-916318-18-4; Garland Publishing, Incorporated, hardcover (1992), 376 pages, ISBN 0-8153-0571-0.
  • Rice, Condoleezza with Zelikow, Philip D. (1995). Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft. Harvard University Press. (1995), 520 pp., ISBN 0-674-35324-2, 0-674-35325-0.
  • Rice, Condoleezza, "Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest" in Foreign Affairs, 2000.
  • Rice, Condoleezza, with Kiron K. Skinner, Serhiy Kudelia, and Bruce Bueno de Mesquita (2007). The Strategy of Campaigning: Lessons from Ronald Reagan and Boris Yeltsin, paperback, 356 pp., ISBN 978-0-472-03319-5. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
  • Rice, Condoleezza (2010), Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family, Crown Archetype, ISBN 978-0-307-58787-9
  • Rice, Condoleezza (2011), No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington. Crown Archetype, ISBN 978-0-307-58786-2
  • Rice, Condoleezza (2017), Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom, Twelve, 496 pp., ISBN 978-1455540181.
  • Rice, Condoleezza; Zegart, Amy (2018). Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity. New York: Twelve. ISBN 978-1455542352. OCLC 1019846069.

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Further reading

Academic studies

  • Alexander-Floyd, Nikol G. "Framing Condi (licious): Condoleezza Rice and the Storyline of 'Closeness' in US National Community Formation." Politics & Gender 4.3 (2008): 427–449. online
  • Bashevkin, Sylvia. Women as Foreign Policy Leaders: National Security and Gender Politics in Superpower America (Oxford UP, 2018) excerpt; also online review
  • Bracey, Christopher Alan. Saviors or Sellouts: The Promise and Peril of Black Conservatism, from Booker T. Washington to Condoleezza Rice (2008)
  • Burke, John P. "Condoleezza Rice as NSC Advisor A Case Study of the Honest Broker Role" Presidential Studies Quarterly 35#3 pp 554–575.
  • De Castilla, Clariza Ruiz, and Zazil Elena Reyes García. "From sexual siren to race traitor: Condoleezza Rice in political cartoons." in Howard and Jackson, eds. Black Comics (2013) pp: 169–88. online
  • Dolan, Chris J., and David B. Cohen. "The War About the War: Iraq and the Politics of National Security Advising in the GW Bush Administration's First Term." Politics & Policy 34.1 (2006): 30–64.
  • Gates, Henry Louis, and Condoleezza Rice. "A Conversation with Condoleezza Rice: On Leadership." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 12.1 (2015): online, a primary source
  • Jones, Jason. "Controlling the discourse: interviews with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice." Critical Discourse Studies 7.2 (2010): 127–141. [1]
  • Lusane, Clarence. Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice: Foreign Policy, Race, and the New American Century (2006) online
  • Mann, James. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet (2004)
  • Pennington, Dorthy. "The 'Rhetorical Condition' as Mediator in the Response of African Americans to Perceptions of Terrorism: Condoleezza Rice as Symbol." The Howard Journal of Communications 22.2 (2011): 123–139. online

Popular books and commentary

  • Bumiller, Elisabeth. Condoleezza Rice: an American life: a biography (Random House, 2007).
  • Cunningham, Kevin (2005). Condoleezza Rice: U.S. Secretary Of State (Journey to Freedom) ISBN 1-59296-231-9
  • Ditchfield, Christin (2003). Condoleezza Rice: National Security Advisor (Great Life Stories) middle school audience Franklin Watts ISBN 0-531-12307-3
  • Flanders, Laura. (2004). Bushwomen: Tales of a Cynical Species (Verso) ISBN 978-1-85984-587-5
  • Kessler, Glenn (2007). . ISBN 978-0-312-36380-2
  • Morris, Dick with Eileen McGann. (2005) Condi vs. Hillary: The Next Great Presidential Race ISBN 0-06-083913-9
  • Marcus Mabry. Twice As Good: Condoleezza Rice and Her Path to Power (Modern Times/Rodale, 2007).
  • Rice, Condoleezza, and President George W. Bush. Hand-Off: The Foreign Policy George W. Bush Passed to Barack Obama (Brookings Institution Press, 2023). excerpt
  • Ryan, Bernard, Jr. (2003). Condoleezza Rice: National Security Advisor and Musician (Ferguson Career Biographies) ISBN 0-8160-5480-0
  • Wade, Linda R. (2002). Condoleezza Rice: A Real-Life Reader Biography (Real-Life Reader Biography) Mitchell Lane Publishers ISBN 1-58415-145-5, middle school audience
  • Wade, Mary Dodson (2003). Condoleezza Rice: Being The Best Millbrook Press ISBN 0-7613-1927-1, middle school audience online
  • Rice, Condoleezza (2010). Condoleezza Rice: A Memoir of My Extraordinary, Ordinary Family and Me Ember ISBN 978-0385738804

Online articles

  • "Smart, savvy, strong-willed Rice charts her own course". CNN (2001).
  • Cornwell, Rupert (January 20, 2005). "From the axis of evil to the outposts of tyranny"[dead link]. The Independent.
  • Nordlinger, Jay (August 30, 1999). "Star-in-waiting: meet George W.'s foreign-policy czarina". National Review.
  • Richter, Paul (March 15, 2005). "". Los Angeles Times.
  • Richter, Paul (October 11, 2005). "Under Rice, Powell's Policies Are Reborn". Los Angeles Times.
  • Sullivan, Andrew (March 24, 2002). . The Sunday Times (London).

External links

Academic offices
Preceded by
Gerald Lieberman
 Provost of Stanford University
1993–1999 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by National Security Advisor
2001–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Secretary of State
2005–2009 		Succeeded by
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Director of the Hoover Institution
2020–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Secretary of State Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Secretary of State 		Succeeded byas Former US Secretary of State

August 29, 2023
condoleezza, rice, born, november, 1954, american, diplomat, political, scientist, current, director, hoover, institution, stanford, university, member, republican, party, previously, served, 66th, united, states, secretary, state, from, 2005, 2009, 19th, nati. Condoleezza Rice ˌ k ɒ n d e ˈ l iː z e KON de LEE ze born November 14 1954 is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University A member of the Republican Party she previously served as the 66th United States secretary of state from 2005 to 2009 and as the 19th U S national security advisor from 2001 to 2005 Rice was the first female African American secretary of state and the first woman to serve as national security advisor Until the election of Barack Obama as president in 2008 Rice and her predecessor Colin Powell were the highest ranking African Americans in the history of the federal executive branch by virtue of the secretary of state standing fourth in the presidential line of succession At the time of her appointment as Secretary of State Rice was the highest ranking woman in the history of the United States to be in the presidential line of succession Condoleezza RiceOfficial portrait 200566th United States Secretary of StateIn office January 26 2005 January 20 2009PresidentGeorge W BushDeputyRichard ArmitageRobert ZoellickJohn NegropontePreceded byColin PowellSucceeded byHillary Clinton19th United States National Security AdvisorIn office January 20 2001 January 26 2005PresidentGeorge W BushDeputyStephen HadleyPreceded bySandy BergerSucceeded byStephen Hadley8th Director of the Hoover InstitutionIncumbentAssumed office September 1 2020Preceded byThomas W Gilligan10th Provost of Stanford UniversityIn office September 1 1993 June 30 1999Preceded byGerald LiebermanSucceeded byJohn L HennessyPersonal detailsBorn 1954 11 14 November 14 1954 age 68 Birmingham Alabama U S Political partyRepublican after 1982 Democratic before 1982 EducationUniversity of Denver BA PhD University of Notre Dame MA SignatureScientific careerFieldsPolitical scienceThesisThe Politics of Client Command Party Military Relations in Czechoslovakia 1948 1975 1981 Condoleezza Rice s voice source source Condoleezza Rice on the 1963 Birmingham Church BombingRecorded October 15 2010Rice was born in Birmingham Alabama and grew up while the South was racially segregated She obtained her bachelor s degree from the University of Denver and her master s degree from the University of Notre Dame both in political science In 1981 she received a PhD from the School of International Studies at the University of Denver 1 2 She worked at the State Department under the Carter administration and served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and Eastern Europe affairs advisor to President George H W Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification from 1989 to 1991 Rice later pursued an academic fellowship at Stanford University where she later served as provost from 1993 to 1999 On December 17 2000 she joined the Bush administration as President George W Bush s national security advisor In Bush s second term she succeeded Colin Powell as Secretary of State thereby becoming the first African American woman second African American after Powell and second woman after Madeleine Albright to hold this office Following her confirmation as secretary of state Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy directed toward expanding the number of responsible democratic governments in the world and especially in the Greater Middle East That policy faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U S backing While in the position she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation s board of directors 3 In March 2009 Rice returned to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution 4 5 In September 2010 she became a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a director of its Global Center for Business and the Economy 6 In January 2020 it was announced that Rice would succeed Thomas W Gilligan as the next director of the Hoover Institution on September 1 2020 7 She is on the Board of Directors of Dropbox and Makena Capital Management LLC 8 9 10 Contents 1 Early life 1 1 Education 1 2 Early political views 2 Academic career 2 1 Provost promotion 2 2 Return to Stanford 3 Role in nuclear strategy 3 1 North Korea 3 2 India 4 Private sector 5 Early political career 6 National Security Advisor 2001 2005 6 1 Terrorism 6 2 Subpoenas 6 3 Iraq 6 4 Role in authorizing use of torture 7 Secretary of State 2005 2009 8 Post Bush administration 8 1 College Football Playoff Selection Committee 8 2 Cleveland Browns Head Coach rumors 8 3 Speculation on political future 9 Political positions 9 1 Terrorist activity 9 2 Abortion 9 3 Affirmative action 9 4 Female empowerment advocacy 9 5 Immigration 9 6 Gun rights 9 7 Same sex marriage and LGBT issues 9 8 Confederate monuments 10 Racial discrimination 11 Legacy 11 1 Criticism from Senator Barbara Boxer 11 2 Conservative criticism 11 3 Views within the Black American community 12 Family and personal life 12 1 Music 13 Honorary degrees 14 Honors 15 See also 16 Published works 17 References 18 Further reading 18 1 Academic studies 18 2 Popular books and commentary 18 3 Online articles 19 External linksEarly lifeRice was born in Birmingham Alabama the only child of Angelena nee Ray Rice a high school science music and oratory teacher and John Wesley Rice Jr a high school guidance counselor Presbyterian minister 11 and dean of students at Stillman College a historically black college in Tuscaloosa Alabama 12 Her name Condoleezza derives from the music term con dolcezza Italian sweetly softly lit with sweetness Rice has roots in the American South going back to the pre Civil War era and some of her ancestors worked as sharecroppers for a time after emancipation Rice discovered on the PBS series Finding Your Roots 13 that she is of 51 African 40 European and 9 Asian or Native American genetic descent while her mtDNA is traced back to the Tikar people of Cameroon 14 15 In her 2017 book Democracy Stories from the Long Road to Freedom she writes My great great grandmother Zina on my mother s side bore five children by different slave owners and My great grandmother on my father s side Julia Head carried the name of the slave owner and was so favored by him that he taught her to read 16 Rice grew up in the Titusville 17 neighborhood of Birmingham and then Tuscaloosa Alabama at a time when the South was racially segregated The Rices lived on the campus of Stillman College 12 Rice began to learn French music figure skating and ballet at the age of three 18 At the age of fifteen she began piano classes with the goal of becoming a concert pianist 19 Education In 1967 the family moved to Denver Colorado She attended St Mary s Academy an all girls Catholic high school in Cherry Hills Village Colorado and graduated at age 16 in 1971 Rice enrolled at the University of Denver where her father was then serving as an assistant dean citation needed Rice initially majored in music and after her sophomore year she went to the Aspen Music Festival and School There she later said she met students of greater talent than herself and she doubted her career prospects as a pianist She began to consider an alternative major 19 20 She attended an International Politics course taught by Josef Korbel which sparked her interest in the Soviet Union and international relations Rice later described Korbel who is the father of Madeleine Albright then a future U S Secretary of State as a central figure in her life 21 In 1974 at age 19 Rice was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa Society and was awarded a B A cum laude in political science by the University of Denver While at the University of Denver she was a member of Alpha Chi Omega Gamma Delta chapter 22 She obtained a master s degree in political science from the University of Notre Dame in 1975 She first worked in the State Department in 1977 during the Carter administration as an intern in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs She also studied Russian at Moscow State University in the summer of 1979 and interned with the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica California 23 In 1981 at age 26 she received her Ph D in political science from the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver Her dissertation centered on military policy and politics in what was then the communist state of Czechoslovakia 24 From 1980 to 1981 she was a fellow at Stanford University s Arms Control and Disarmament Program having won a Ford Foundation Dual Expertise Fellowship in Soviet Studies and International Security 23 Rice was one of only four women along with Janne E Nolan Cindy Roberts and Gloria Duffy studying international security at Stanford on fellowships at the time 25 26 Her fellowship at Stanford began her academic affiliation with the university and time in Northern California Early political views Rice was a Democrat until 1982 when she changed her political affiliation to Republican in part because she disagreed with the foreign policy of Democratic President Jimmy Carter 27 28 and because of the influence of her father who was Republican As she told the 2000 Republican National Convention My father joined our party because the Democrats in Jim Crow Alabama of 1952 would not register him to vote The Republicans did 29 Academic career Condoleezza Rice during a 2005 interview on ITV in LondonRice was hired by Stanford University as an assistant professor of political science 1981 1987 She was promoted to associate professor in 1987 a post she held until 1993 She was a specialist on the Soviet Union and gave lectures on the subject for the Berkeley Stanford joint program led by UC Berkeley professor George W Breslauer in the mid 1980s At a 1985 meeting of arms control experts at Stanford Rice s performance drew the attention of Brent Scowcroft who had served as National Security Advisor under Gerald Ford 30 With the election of George H W Bush Scowcroft returned to the White House as National Security Adviser in 1989 and he asked Rice to become his Soviet expert on the United States National Security Council According to R Nicholas Burns President Bush was captivated by Rice and relied heavily on her advice in his dealings with Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin 30 Because she would have been ineligible for tenure at Stanford if she had been absent for more than two years she returned there in 1991 She was taken under the wing of George Shultz Ronald Reagan s secretary of state from 1982 to 1989 who was a fellow at the Hoover Institution Shultz included Rice in a luncheon club of intellectuals who met every few weeks to discuss foreign affairs 30 In 1992 Shultz who was a board member of Chevron Corporation recommended Rice for a spot on the Chevron board Chevron was pursuing a 10 billion development project in Kazakhstan and as a Soviet specialist Rice knew the president of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev She traveled to Kazakhstan on Chevron s behalf and in honor of her work in 1993 Chevron named a 129 000 ton supertanker SS Condoleezza Rice 30 During this period Rice was also appointed to the boards of Transamerica Corporation 1991 and Hewlett Packard 1992 Provost promotion At Stanford in 1992 Rice volunteered to serve on the search committee to replace outgoing president Donald Kennedy The committee ultimately recommended Gerhard Casper the provost of the University of Chicago Casper met Rice during this search and was so impressed that in 1993 he appointed her as Stanford s provost the chief budget and academic officer of the university in 1993 30 and she also was granted tenure and became full professor 31 Rice was the first female first African American and youngest provost in Stanford s history 32 33 34 She was also named a senior fellow of the Institute for International Studies and a senior fellow by courtesy of the Hoover Institution Former Stanford president Gerhard Casper said the university was most fortunate in persuading someone of Professor Rice s exceptional talents and proven ability in critical situations to take on this task Everything she has done she has done well I have every confidence that she will continue that record as provost 35 Acknowledging Rice s unique character Casper told The New Yorker in 2002 that it would be disingenuous for me to say that the fact that she was a woman the fact that she was black and the fact that she was young weren t in my mind 36 37 As Stanford s provost Rice was responsible for managing the university s multibillion dollar budget The school at that time was running a deficit of 20 million When Rice took office she promised that the budget would be balanced within two years Coit Blacker Stanford s deputy director of the Institute for International Studies said there was a sort of conventional wisdom that said it couldn t be done that the deficit was structural that we just had to live with it Two years later Rice announced that the deficit had been eliminated and the university was holding a record surplus of over 14 5 million 38 Rice drew protests when as the provost she departed from the practice of applying affirmative action to tenure decisions and unsuccessfully sought to consolidate the university s ethnic community centers 37 Return to Stanford During a farewell interview in early December 2008 Rice indicated she would return to Stanford and the Hoover Institution back west of the Mississippi where I belong but beyond writing and teaching did not specify what her role would be 39 Rice s plans for a return to campus were elaborated in an interview with the Stanford Report in January 2009 40 She returned to Stanford as a political science professor and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution on March 1 2009 41 Condoleezza Rice is currently the Denning Professor in Global Business and the Economy at the Stanford Graduate School of Business the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution and a professor of political science at Stanford University 42 Role in nuclear strategyIn 1986 Rice was appointed special assistant to the director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to work on nuclear strategic planning as part of a Council on Foreign Relations fellowship In 2005 Rice assumed office as Secretary of State Rice played an important role in trying to stop the nuclear threat from North Korea and Iran 43 North Korea North Korea signed the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty in 1985 but in 2002 revealed they were operating a secret nuclear weapons program that violated the 1994 agreement The 1994 agreement between the United States and North Korea included North Korea agreeing to freeze and eventually dismantle its graphite moderated nuclear reactors in exchange for international aid which would help them to build two new light water nuclear reactors In 2003 North Korea officially withdrew from the Non Proliferation Treaty Rice played a key role in the idea of six party talks that brought China Japan Russia and South Korea into discussion with North Korea and the United States 44 During these discussions Rice gave strong talks to urge North Korea to dismantle their nuclear power program In 2005 North Korea agreed to give up its entire nuclear program in exchange for security guarantees and economic benefits to ensure its survival 43 Despite the agreement in 2005 in 2006 North Korea test fired long range missiles The UN Security Council demanded North Korea suspend the program In 2007 Rice was involved in another nuclear agreement with North Korea Pyongyang Rice other negotiators for the United States and four other nations six party talks reached a deal with North Korea In this deal North Korea agreed to close its main nuclear reactor in exchange for 400 million in fuel and aid 43 India In 2006 Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh announced the Agreement for Cooperation between the United States and India involving peaceful uses of nuclear energy As Secretary of State Rice was involved in the negotiation of this agreement and declared India s society is open and free transparent and stable Its multiethnic and multi religious democracy is characterized by individual freedom and the rule of law We share common values India is a rising global power that can be a pillar of stability in a rapidly changing Asia India is in short a natural partner for the United States 43 45 Private sectorRice headed Chevron s committee on public policy until she resigned on January 15 2001 to become National Security Advisor to President George W Bush Chevron honored Rice by naming an oil tanker Condoleezza Rice after her but controversy led to its being renamed Altair Voyager 46 47 She also served on the board of directors for the Carnegie Corporation the Charles Schwab Corporation the Chevron Corporation Hewlett Packard the Rand Corporation the Transamerica Corporation and other organizations In 1992 Rice founded the Center for New Generation an after school program created to raise the high school graduation numbers of East Palo Alto and eastern Menlo Park California 48 After her tenure as secretary of state Rice was approached in February 2009 to fill an open position as a Pac 10 Commissioner 49 but chose instead to return to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution In 2014 Rice joined the Ban Bossy campaign as a spokesperson advocating leadership roles for girls 50 51 On July 11 2022 the Denver Broncos announced that Rice had joined the Walton Penner ownership group consisting of S Robson Walton Greg Penner Carrie Walton Penner Mellody Hobson and Sir Lewis Hamilton which recently agreed to buy the NFL team for 4 65 billion 52 On August 9 2022 the NFL owners approved the purchase of the Denver Broncos by the Walton Penner group 53 Early political careerIn 1986 while an international affairs fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations Rice served as special assistant to the director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff From 1989 through March 1991 the period of the fall of Berlin Wall and the final days of the Soviet Union she served in President George H W Bush s administration as director and then senior director of Soviet and East European affairs in the National Security Council and a special assistant to the president for national security affairs In this position Rice wrote what would become known as the Chicken Kiev speech in which Bush advised the Verkhovna Rada Ukraine s parliament against independence She also helped develop Bush s and Secretary of State James Baker s policies in favor of German reunification She impressed Bush who later introduced her to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev as the one who tells me everything I know about the Soviet Union 54 In 1991 Rice returned to her teaching position at Stanford although she continued to serve as a consultant on the former Soviet Bloc for numerous clients in both the public and private sectors Late that year California governor Pete Wilson appointed her to a bipartisan committee that had been formed to draw new state legislative and congressional districts in the state In 1997 she sat on the Federal Advisory Committee on Gender Integrated Training in the Military citation needed During George W Bush s 2000 presidential election campaign Rice took a one year leave of absence from Stanford University to serve as his foreign policy advisor The group of advisors she led called itself the Vulcans in honor of the monumental Vulcan statue which sits on a hill overlooking her hometown of Birmingham Alabama Rice would later go on to give a noteworthy speech at the 2000 Republican National Convention The speech asserted that America s armed forces are not a global police force They are not the world s 911 29 55 56 National Security Advisor 2001 2005 Rice Secretary of State Colin Powell and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld listen to President George W Bush speak about the Middle East on June 24 2002On December 16 2000 Rice was named as National Security Advisor 57 upon which she stepped down from her position at Stanford 58 She was the first woman to occupy the post Rice earned the nickname of Warrior Princess reflecting strong nerve and delicate manners 59 On January 18 2003 The Washington Post reported that Rice was involved in crafting Bush s position on race based preferences Rice has stated that while race neutral means are preferable race can be taken into account as one factor among others in university admissions policies 60 Terrorism During the summer of 2001 Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to discuss the possibilities and prevention of terrorist attacks on American targets On July 10 2001 Rice met with Tenet in what he referred to as an emergency meeting 61 held at the White House at Tenet s request to brief Rice and the NSC staff about the potential threat of an impending al Qaeda attack Rice responded by asking Tenet to give a presentation on the matter to Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Attorney General John Ashcroft 62 Rice characterized the August 6 2001 President s Daily Brief Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US as historical information Rice indicated It was information based on old reporting 63 Sean Wilentz of Salon magazine suggested that the PDB contained current information based on continuing investigations including that Bin Laden wanted to bring the fighting to America 64 On September 11 2001 Rice was scheduled to outline a new national security policy that included missile defense as a cornerstone and played down the threat of stateless terrorism 65 President Bush addresses the media at the Pentagon on September 17 2001When asked in 2006 about the July 2001 meeting Rice asserted she did not recall the specific meeting commenting that she had met repeatedly with Tenet that summer about terrorist threats Moreover she stated that it was incomprehensible to her that she had ignored terrorist threats two months before the September 11 attacks 61 In 2003 Rice received the U S Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards 66 In August 2010 Rice received the U S Air Force Academy s 2009 Thomas D White National Defense Award for contributions to the defense and security of the United States 67 Subpoenas In March 2004 Rice declined to testify before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States the 9 11 Commission The White House claimed executive privilege under constitutional separation of powers and cited past tradition Under pressure Bush agreed to allow her to testify so long as it did not create a precedent of presidential staff being required to appear before Congress when so requested 68 In April 2007 Rice rejected on grounds of executive privilege a House subpoena regarding the prewar claim that Iraq sought yellowcake uranium from Niger 69 Iraq Cheney Rice and Rumsfeld participate in a video conference with President Bush and Iraqi PM Maliki in 2006Rice was a proponent of the 2003 invasion of Iraq After Iraq delivered its declaration of weapons of mass destruction to the United Nations on December 8 2002 Rice wrote an editorial for The New York Times entitled Why We Know Iraq Is Lying 70 In a January 10 2003 interview with CNN s Wolf Blitzer Rice made headlines by stating regarding Iraqi president Saddam Hussein s nuclear capabilities The problem here is that there will always be some uncertainty about how quickly he can acquire nuclear weapons But we don t want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud 71 In October 2003 Rice was named to run the Iraq Stabilization Group to quell violence in Iraq and Afghanistan and to speed the reconstruction of both countries 72 By May 2004 The Washington Post reported that the council had become virtually nonexistent 73 Leading up to the 2004 presidential election Rice became the first National Security Advisor to campaign for an incumbent president She stated that while Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with the actual attacks on America Saddam Hussein s Iraq was a part of the Middle East that was festering and unstable and was part of the circumstances that created the problem on September 11 74 After the invasion when it became clear that Iraq did not have nuclear WMD capability critics called Rice s claims a hoax deception and demagogic scare tactic 75 Dana Milbank and Mike Allen wrote in The Washington Post Either she missed or overlooked numerous warnings from intelligence agencies seeking to put caveats on claims about Iraq s nuclear weapons program or she made public claims that she knew to be false 76 Role in authorizing use of torture A Senate Intelligence Committee reported that on July 17 2002 Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to personally convey the Bush administration s approval of the proposed waterboarding of alleged Al Qaeda leader Abu Zubaydah Days after Dr Rice gave Mr Tenet her approval the Justice Department approved the use of waterboarding in a top secret August 1 memo 77 Waterboarding is considered to be torture by a wide range of authorities including legal experts 78 79 80 81 war veterans 82 83 intelligence officials 84 military judges 85 human rights organizations 86 former U S attorney general Eric Holder 87 and many senior politicians including former U S President Barack Obama 88 In 2003 Rice Vice President Dick Cheney and Attorney General John Ashcroft met with the CIA again and were briefed on the use of waterboarding and other methods including week long sleep deprivation forced nudity and the use of stress positions The Senate report says that the Bush administration officials reaffirmed that the CIA program was lawful and reflected administration policy 77 The Senate report also suggests Miss Rice played a more significant role than she acknowledged in written testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee submitted in the autumn 77 At that time she had acknowledged attending meetings to discuss the CIA s use of torture but she claimed that she could not recall the details and she omitted her direct role in approving the programme in her written statement to the committee 89 In a conversation with a student at Stanford University in April 2009 Rice stated that she did not authorize the CIA to use the torture Rice said I didn t authorize anything I conveyed the authorization of the administration to the agency that they had policy authorization subject to the Justice Department s clearance That s what I did 90 She added We were told nothing that violates our obligations under the Convention Against Torture And so by definition if it was authorized by the president it did not violate our obligations under the Conventions Against Torture 90 In 2015 citing her role in authorizing the use of so called enhanced interrogation techniques Human Rights Watch called for the investigation of Rice for conspiracy to torture as well as other crimes 91 Secretary of State 2005 2009 Main article Condoleezza Rice s tenure as Secretary of State See also Foreign policy of the George W Bush administration and List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State Rice signs official papers after receiving the oath of office during her ceremonial swearing in at the Department of State Watching are from left Laura Bush Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg President George W Bush Condoleezza Rice visits Governor General of Canada Michaelle Jean in Ottawa Ontario On November 16 2004 Bush nominated Rice to be Secretary of State On January 26 2005 the Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 85 13 92 The negative votes the most cast against any nomination for Secretary of State since 1825 92 came from Senators who according to Senator Barbara Boxer wanted to hold Dr Rice and the Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and in the war on terrorism 93 Their reasoning was that Rice had acted irresponsibly in equating Saddam s regime with Islamist terrorism and some could not accept her previous record Senator Robert Byrd a prominent Senate institutionalist 94 who was concerned with executive over reach voted against Rice s appointment indicating that she has asserted that the President holds far more of the war power than the Constitution grants him 95 As Secretary of State Rice championed the expansion of democratic governments and other American values American values are universal 96 An international order that reflects our values is the best guarantee of our enduring national interest 97 Rice stated that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were rooted in oppression and despair and so the U S must advance democratic reform and support basic rights throughout the greater Middle East 98 Rice also reformed and restructured the department as well as U S diplomacy as a whole Transformational Diplomacy is the goal that Rice describes as work ing with our many partners around the world and build ing and sustain ing democratic well governed states that will respond to the needs of their people and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system 99 Rice with Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister Saud al Faisal in 2006As Secretary of State Rice traveled heavily and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Bush administration 100 she holds the record for most miles logged in the position 101 Her diplomacy relied on strong presidential support and is considered to be the continuation of style defined by former Republican secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and James Baker 100 Condoleezza Rice speaks with Vladimir Putin during her April 2005 trip to Russia Post Bush administrationAfter the end of the Bush Administration Rice returned to academia and joined the Council on Foreign Relations 102 She appeared as herself in 2011 on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock in the fifth season episode Everything Sunny All the Time Always in which she engages in a classical music duel with Jack Donaghy Alec Baldwin Within the world of the show Donaghy had had a relationship with Rice during the show s first season citation needed It was announced in 2013 that Rice was writing a book to be published in 2015 by Henry Holt amp Company 103 In August 2015 High Point University announced that Rice would speak at the 2016 commencement ceremony 104 Her commencement address was highlighted by The Huffington Post 105 Fortune 106 Business Insider 107 NBC News Time and USA Today 108 Rice with President Donald Trump March 31 2017In May 2017 Rice said that alleged Russian hacking of DNC emails should absolutely not delegitimize Donald Trump s presidency 109 College Football Playoff Selection Committee In October 2013 Rice was selected to be one of the thirteen inaugural members of the College Football Playoff selection committee 110 Her appointment caused a minor controversy in the sport 111 In October 2014 she revealed that she watched 14 or 15 games every week live on TV on Saturdays and recorded games on Sundays 112 Her term on the committee expired at the conclusion of the 2016 college football season 113 Cleveland Browns Head Coach rumors On November 18 2018 ESPN s Adam Schefter reported that a league source had told him that Rice was being considered as a candidate in the Cleveland Browns head coach search 114 115 This report sparked jokes at the expense of the Browns and outcry due to both Rice s lack of any experience in coaching and Rice being a woman Shortly after the initial report the Browns and General Manager John Dorsey denied the report saying Our coaching search will be thorough and deliberate but we are still in the process of composing the list of candidates and Secretary Rice has not been discussed 116 117 Rice who is a lifelong Browns fan also denied the reports but joked that she would like to call a play or two next season if the Browns need ideas 118 Speculation on political future Rice speaks with Secretary of State Antony Blinken at Stanford University in 2022As early as 2003 there were reports that Rice was considering a run for governor of California while ruling out running for the Senate in 2004 119 There was also speculation that Rice would run for the Republican nomination in the 2008 primaries which she ruled out on Meet the Press On February 22 2008 Rice played down any suggestion that she may be on the Republican vice presidential ticket I have always said that the one thing that I have not seen myself doing is running for elected office in the United States 120 During an interview with the editorial board of The Washington Times on March 27 2008 Rice said she was not interested in running for vice president 121 In a Gallup poll from March 24 to 27 2008 Rice was mentioned by eight percent of Republican respondents to be their first choice to be John McCain s Republican vice presidential running mate slightly behind Mike Huckabee and Mitt Romney 122 Republican strategist Dan Senor said on ABC s This Week on April 6 2008 that Condi Rice has been actively actually in recent weeks campaigning for the vice presidential nomination He based this assessment on her attendance of Grover Norquist s Americans for Tax Reform conservative leader s meeting on March 26 2008 123 In response to Senor s comments Rice s spokesperson denied that Rice was seeking the vice presidential nomination saying If she is actively seeking the vice presidency then she s the last one to know about it 124 In August 2008 the speculation about a potential McCain Rice ticket finally ended when then Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was selected as McCain s running mate In early December 2008 Rice praised President elect Barack Obama s selection of New York senator Hillary Clinton to succeed her as Secretary of State saying she s terrific Rice who spoke to Clinton after her selection said Clinton is someone of intelligence and she ll do a great job 125 Rumors arose once again during the 2012 presidential race that presumptive nominee Mitt Romney was looking into vetting Rice for the vice presidency Rice once again denied any such intentions or desires to become the vice president reiterating in numerous interviews that she is a policy maker not a politician 126 Speculation ended in August 2012 when Romney announced that Representative Paul Ryan was chosen as his running mate According to Bob Woodward s 2018 book Fear Trump in the White House then Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus told then Republican nominee Donald Trump that he should drop out of the race for the good of the party following the release of the Access Hollywood tapes During these discussions it was revealed that Mike Pence the vice presidential nominee had agreed to replace Trump on the top of the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee with Rice agreeing to be Pence s running mate 127 Political positionsCondoleezza Rice is often described as a centrist or moderate Republican 128 129 On The Issues a non partisan organization which rates candidates based on their policy positions considers Rice to be a centrist 130 She takes both liberal and conservative positions she is pro choice on abortion supports gun rights opposes same sex marriage but supports civil unions and supports building oil pipelines such as the Keystone XL pipeline 131 132 Terrorist activity Rice meets with Afghan Foreign Minister Rangin Dadfar Spanta to discuss anti terrorism efforts 2006Rice s policy as Secretary of State viewed counter terrorism as a matter of being preventative and not merely punitive In an interview on December 18 2005 Rice stated We have to remember that in this war on terrorism we re not talking about criminal activity where you can allow somebody to commit the crime and then you go back and you arrest them and you question them If they succeed in committing their crime then hundreds or indeed thousands of people die That s why you have to prevent and intelligence is the long pole in the tent in preventing attacks 133 Rice has promoted the idea that counterterrorism involves not only confronting the governments and organizations that promote and condone terrorism but also the ideologies that fuel terrorism In a speech given on July 29 2005 Rice asserted that s ecuring America from terrorist attack is more than a matter of law enforcement We must also confront the ideology of hatred in foreign societies by supporting the universal hope of liberty and the inherent appeal of democracy 134 Rice chats with a member of the Saudi Royal Family after welcoming the new king Salman of Saudi Arabia January 27 2015In January 2005 during Bush s second inaugural ceremonies Rice first used the term outposts of tyranny to refer to countries Rice thought to threaten world peace and human rights This term has been called a descendant of Bush s phrase Axis of Evil used to describe Iraq Iran and North Korea She identified six such outposts in which she said the United States has a duty to foster freedom Cuba Zimbabwe Burma and Belarus as well as Iran and North Korea Abortion Rice said If you go back to 2000 when I helped the president in the campaign I said that I was in effect kind of libertarian on this issue And meaning by that that I have been concerned about a government role in this issue I am a strong proponent of parental choice of parental notification I am a strong proponent of a ban on late term abortion These are all things that I think unite people and I think that that s where we should be I ve called myself at times mildly pro choice 135 She would not want the federal government forcing its views on one side or the other 136 She did not want the Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion Roe v Wade to be overturned 137 Rice said she believes President Bush has been in exactly the right place on abortion which is we have to respect the culture of life and we have to try and bring people to have respect for it and make this as rare a circumstance as possible However she added that she has been concerned about a government role but has tended to agree with those who do not favor federal funding for abortion because I believe that those who hold a strong moral view on the other side should not be forced to fund the procedure 136 Affirmative action Rice has taken a centrist approach to race and gender preferences in affirmative action policies 138 She described affirmative action as being still needed but she does not support quotas 139 Female empowerment advocacy In March 2014 Rice joined and appeared in video spots for the Ban Bossy campaign a television and social media campaign designed to ban the word bossy from general use because of its harmful effect on young girls Several video spots with other notable spokespersons including Beyonce Jennifer Garner and others were produced along with a web site providing school training material leadership tips and an online pledge form to which visitors can promise not to use the word 50 51 Immigration Condoleezza Rice supported the comprehensive immigration plan backed by the Bush administration and shared that it was among her regrets that it did not pass through Congress 140 In 2014 Rice criticized the Obama administration from seeking to approve immigration reforms through executive action 141 In February 2017 Rice publicly announced her opposition to the Trump administration s travel ban 140 Gun rights Rice says that she became a Second Amendment absolutist due to her experience of growing up in Birmingham and facing threats from the KKK 141 Rice s fondness for the Second Amendment began while watching her father sit on the porch with a gun ready to defend his family against the Klan s night riders 142 Same sex marriage and LGBT issues While Rice does not support same sex marriage she does support civil unions In 2010 Rice stated that she believed marriage is between a man and a woman But perhaps we will decide that there needs to be some way for people to express their desire to live together through civil union 143 When asked to select a view on a survey Rice selected a response that said Same sex couples should be allowed to form civil unions but not marry in the traditional sense 144 Confederate monuments In May 2017 Rice said she opposes the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials or the renaming of buildings named after Confederate generals 145 She argued If you forget your history you re likely to repeat it When you start wiping out your history sanitizing your history to make you feel better it s a bad thing 146 Racial discriminationRice experienced firsthand the injustices of Birmingham s discriminatory laws and attitudes She was instructed to walk proudly in public and to use the facilities at home rather than subject herself to the indignity of colored facilities in town As Rice recalls of her parents and their peers they refused to allow the limits and injustices of their time to limit our horizons 147 President Bush signing the bill for a Rosa Parks statue at Statuary Hall Washington D C However Rice recalls various times in which she suffered discrimination on account of her race which included being relegated to a storage room at a department store instead of a regular dressing room being barred from going to the circus or the local amusement park being denied hotel rooms and even being given bad food at restaurants 148 Also while Rice was mostly kept by her parents from areas where she might face discrimination she was very aware of the civil rights struggle and the problems of Jim Crow laws in Birmingham A neighbor Juliemma Smith described how Condi used to call me and say things like Did you see what Bull Connor did today She was just a little girl and she did that all the time I would have to read the newspaper thoroughly because I wouldn t know what she was going to talk about 148 Rice herself said of the segregation era Those terrible events burned into my consciousness I missed many days at my segregated school because of the frequent bomb threats 148 During the violent days of the Civil Rights Movement Reverend Rice armed himself and kept guard over the house while Condoleezza practiced the piano inside Reverend Rice instilled in his daughter and students that black people would have to prove themselves worthy of advancement and would simply have to be twice as good to overcome injustices built into the system 149 Rice said My parents were very strategic I was going to be so well prepared and I was going to do all of these things that were revered in white society so well that I would be armored somehow from racism I would be able to confront white society on its own terms 150 While the Rices supported the goals of the civil rights movement they did not agree with the idea of putting their child in harm s way 148 Rice was eight when her schoolmate Denise McNair aged 11 was murdered in the bombing of the primarily black Sixteenth Street Baptist Church by white supremacists on September 15 1963 2 Rice has commented upon that moment in her life I remember the bombing of that Sunday School at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1963 I did not see it happen but I heard it happen and I felt it happen just a few blocks away at my father s church It is a sound that I will never forget that will forever reverberate in my ears That bomb took the lives of four young girls including my friend and playmate Denise McNair The crime was calculated to suck the hope out of young lives bury their aspirations But those fears were not propelled forward those terrorists failed 151 Rice states that growing up during racial segregation taught her determination against adversity and she needed to be twice as good as non minorities 152 Legacy Rice greets U S military personnel at the American Embassy in Baghdad Iraq on May 15 2005 Rice has appeared four times on the Time 100 Time magazine s list of the world s 100 most influential people Rice is one of only nine people in the world whose influence has been considered enduring enough to have made the list first compiled in 1999 as a retrospective of the 20th century and made an annual feature in 2004 so frequently However the list contains people who have the influence to change for better or for worse and Time has also accused her of squandering her influence stating on February 1 2007 that her accomplishments as Secretary of State have been modest and even those have begun to fade and that she has been slow to recognize the extent to which the U S s prestige has declined 153 In its March 19 2007 issue it followed up stating that Rice was executing an unmistakable course correction in U S foreign policy 154 In 2004 and 2005 she was ranked as the most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine and number two in 2006 following the chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel 155 Rice makes an appearance at Boston College where she is greeted by Father William Leahy Criticism from Senator Barbara Boxer California Democratic senator Barbara Boxer has also criticized Rice in relation to the war in Iraq During Rice s confirmation hearing for U S secretary of state in January 2005 Boxer stated I personally believe this is my personal view that your loyalty to the mission you were given to sell the war overwhelmed your respect for the truth 156 On January 11 2007 Boxer during a debate over the war in Iraq said Now the issue is who pays the price who pays the price I m not going to pay a personal price My kids are too old and my grandchild is too young You re not going to pay a particular price as I understand it within immediate family So who pays the price The American military and their families and I just want to bring us back to that fact 157 The New York Post and White House press secretary Tony Snow called Boxer s statement an attack on Rice s status as a single childless female and referred to Boxer s comments as a great leap backward for feminism 158 Rice later echoed Snow s remarks saying I thought it was okay to not have children and I thought you could still make good decisions on behalf of the country if you were single and didn t have children Boxer responded to the controversy by saying They re getting this off on a non existent thing that I didn t say I m saying she s like me we do not have families who are in the military 159 Conservative criticism According to The Washington Post in late July 2008 former undersecretary of state and U N ambassador John R Bolton was referring to Rice and her allies in the Bush Administration whom he believes abandoned earlier hard line principles when he said Once the collapse begins adversaries have a real opportunity to gain advantage In terms of the Bush presidency this many reversals this close to the end destroys credibility It appears there is no depth to which this administration will not sink in its last days 160 Former secretary of defense Donald Rumsfeld repeatedly criticized Rice after their terms in office ended In his book Known and Unknown A Memoir he portrayed her as a young inexperienced academic who did not know her place 161 In 2011 she responded saying that Rumsfeld doesn t know what he s talking about 162 She further addresses the issue in her own book saying He would become frustrated when my staff would reach out to military officers in the Pentagon to coordinate the particulars of a policy among the agencies This was a routine responsibility for the NSC but for some reason Don interpreted such actions as a violation of his authority 163 In his book In My Time Dick Cheney suggested that Rice had misled the president about nuclear diplomacy with North Korea saying that she was naive He called her advice on the issue utterly misleading He also chided Rice for clashing with White House advisers on the tone of the president s speeches on Iraq and said that she as the secretary of state ruefully conceded to him that the Bush administration should not have apologized for a claim the president made in his 2003 State of the Union address on Saddam s supposed search for yellowcake uranium She came into my office sat down in the chair next to my desk and tearfully admitted I had been right Cheney wrote Rice responded It certainly doesn t sound like me now does it saying that she viewed the book as an attack on my integrity 164 Rice has also been criticized by other conservatives Stephen Hayes of the Weekly Standard accused her of jettisoning the Bush Doctrine including the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 165 Other conservatives criticized her for her approach to Russia policy and other issues 166 Views within the Black American community Rice s approval ratings from January 2005 to September 2006Rice s ratings decreased following a heated battle for her confirmation as Secretary of State and following Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 Rice s rise within the George W Bush administration initially drew a largely positive response from many in the black community In a 2002 survey then National Security Advisor Rice was viewed favorably by 41 of black respondents but another 40 did not know Rice well enough to rate her and her profile remained comparatively obscure 167 As her role increased some black commentators began to express doubts concerning Rice s stances and statements on various issues In 2005 The Washington Post columnist Eugene Robinson asked How did Rice come to a worldview so radically different from that of most black Americans 168 Rice and Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer participate in a news conference at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley California 2007 In August 2005 American musician actor and social activist Harry Belafonte who serves on the Board of TransAfrica referred to blacks in the Bush administration as black tyrants Belafonte s comments received mixed reactions 167 Rice dismissed these criticisms during a September 14 2005 interview when she said Why would I worry about something like that The fact of the matter is I ve been black all my life Nobody needs to tell me how to be black 169 Black commentators have defended Rice including Mike Espy 170 Andrew Young C Delores Tucker chair of the National Congress of Black Women citation needed Clarence Page 171 Colbert King 172 Dorothy Height chair and president emerita of the National Council of Negro Women 172 and Kweisi Mfume Congressman and former CEO of the NAACP 173 Family and personal lifeRice has never married and has no children 158 In the 1970s she dated and was briefly engaged to professional American football player Rick Upchurch but left him because according to biographer Marcus Mabry she knew the relationship wasn t going to work 44 Rice s mother Angelena Rice died of breast cancer in 1985 aged 61 when Rice was 30 174 In 1989 Rice s father John Wesley Rice wed Clara Bailey 175 to whom he remained married until his death in 2000 aged 77 176 self published source From 2003 to 2017 Rice co owned a home in Palo Alto California with Randy Bean According to public records the two initially purchased the home with a third investor Stanford University professor Coit D Blacker who later sold his line of credit to the two women The property arrangement was first revealed in Glenn Kessler s book The Confidante Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy 2007 sparking rumors about the nature of Rice and Bean s relationship Kessler has stated he did not know if this meant there was something more to the relationship between the women beyond a friendship 177 178 179 180 On August 20 2012 Rice was one of the first two women to be admitted as members to Augusta National Golf Club the other was South Carolina financier Darla Moore 181 In 2014 Rice was named to the ESPNW Impact 25 182 Music Yo Yo Ma and Rice after performing together at the 2001 National Medal of Arts and National Humanities Medal Awards April 22 2002While Rice ultimately did not become a professional pianist she still practices often and plays with a chamber music group She accompanied cellist Yo Yo Ma playing Johannes Brahms Violin Sonata in D minor at Constitution Hall in April 2002 for the National Medal of Arts Awards 183 184 At the age of 15 she played Mozart with the Denver Symphony and while Secretary of State she played regularly with a chamber music group in Washington 183 She does not play professionally but has performed at diplomatic events at embassies including a performance for Queen Elizabeth II 185 186 and she has performed in public with cellist Yo Yo Ma and singer Aretha Franklin 187 In 2005 Rice accompanied Charity Sunshine Tillemann Dick a 21 year old soprano for a benefit concert for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association at the Kennedy Center in Washington 188 189 She performed briefly during her cameo appearance in the Everything Sunny All the Time Always episode of 30 Rock She has stated that her favorite composer is Johannes Brahms because she thinks Brahms s music is passionate but not sentimental On a complementary note on Friday April 10 2009 on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno she stated that her favorite band is Led Zeppelin citation needed As Secretary of State Rice was ex officio a member of the Board of Trustees of the John F Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts As the end of their tenures approached in January 2009 outgoing President Bush appointed her to a six year term as a general trustee filling a vacancy on the board citation needed Honorary degreesRice has received several honorary degrees from various American universities including Honorary degreesState Year School Degree Georgia 1991 Morehouse College Doctor of Laws LL D Alabama 1994 University of Alabama Doctor of Humane Letters DHL Indiana 1995 University of Notre Dame Doctorate District of Columbia 2002 National Defense University Doctor of National Security Affairs Mississippi 2003 Mississippi College School of Law Doctor of Laws LL D Kentucky 2004 University of Louisville Doctor of Public Service Michigan 2004 Michigan State University Doctor of Humane Letters DHL 190 Massachusetts 2006 Boston College Doctor of Laws LL D 191 Alabama 2008 Air University Doctor of Letters D Litt 192 North Carolina 2010 Johnson C Smith University Doctor of Laws LL D 193 Texas 2012 Southern Methodist University Doctor of Laws LL D 194 Virginia 2015 College of William and Mary Doctor of Public Service 195 Tennessee 2018 Sewanee The University of the South Doctor of Civil Law 196 New York 2021 Siena College Doctor of Humane Letters 197 This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items July 2015 Honors Knight s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta 1998 Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Romania 2003 Grand Cross with Gold Badge of the Order of San Carlos 2009 198 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun 2017See alsoList of African American United States Cabinet members List of female United States Cabinet membersPublished worksRice Condoleezza 1984 The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army Uncertain Allegiance Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 06921 2 Rice Condoleezza amp Dallin Alexander eds 1986 The Gorbachev Era Stanford Alumni Association trade paperback 1986 ISBN 0 916318 18 4 Garland Publishing Incorporated hardcover 1992 376 pages ISBN 0 8153 0571 0 Rice Condoleezza with Zelikow Philip D 1995 Germany Unified and Europe Transformed A Study in Statecraft Harvard University Press 1995 520 pp ISBN 0 674 35324 2 0 674 35325 0 Rice Condoleezza Campaign 2000 Promoting the National Interest in Foreign Affairs 2000 Rice Condoleezza with Kiron K Skinner Serhiy Kudelia and Bruce Bueno de Mesquita 2007 The Strategy of Campaigning Lessons from Ronald Reagan and Boris Yeltsin paperback 356 pp ISBN 978 0 472 03319 5 University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor Rice Condoleezza 2010 Extraordinary Ordinary People A Memoir of Family Crown Archetype ISBN 978 0 307 58787 9 Rice Condoleezza 2011 No Higher Honor A Memoir of My Years in Washington Crown Archetype ISBN 978 0 307 58786 2 Rice Condoleezza 2017 Democracy Stories from the Long Road to Freedom Twelve 496 pp ISBN 978 1455540181 Rice Condoleezza Zegart Amy 2018 Political Risk How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity New York Twelve ISBN 978 1455542352 OCLC 1019846069 References Condoleezza Rice Stanford Graduate School of Business Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved April 11 2018 via stanford edu a b Plotz David May 12 2000 Condoleezza Rice George W Bush s celebrity adviser Slate com Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 Board of Directors Millennium Challenge Corporation Archived from the original on June 7 2008 Retrieved January 21 2009 The Secretary of State is the Chair of the Board Condi Rice website at Stanford University Stanford University Archived from the original on June 20 2015 Retrieved May 27 2009 via tec fsi stanford edu Rice Condoleezza Condi Rice website at the Hoover Institution hoover org Hoover Institution Archived from the original on April 29 2009 Retrieved May 27 2009 Gloeckler Geoff Getting In Condoleezza Rice To Join Stanford B School Faculty In September Bloomberg Businessweek Bloomberg com Archived from the original on October 7 2010 Retrieved September 15 2010 Condoleezza Rice to lead Stanford s Hoover Institution Stanford News Stanford University January 28 2020 Archived from the original on March 12 2020 Retrieved March 13 2020 About Dropbox Dropbox Archived from the original on July 5 2018 Retrieved March 12 2018 Dr Condoleezza Rice Makena Capital Management makenacap com Archived from the original on June 19 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 Wohlsen Marcus April 10 2014 Internet Revolt Begins as Condi Rice Joins Dropbox Board Wired Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Blunt Sheryl Henderson September 1 2003 The Unflappable Condi Rice Christianity Today Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved March 8 2012 a b Horton Ebony December 6 2004 Stillman College educators recall Rice s ties to town The Tuscaloosa News Archived from the original on September 21 2018 Retrieved January 1 2018 Rice moved from Titusville near Birmingham to Tuscaloosa in 1966 when her father John Rice became the dean of students at Stillman The family resided on campus in a brick home behind Hay Residence Hall while Rice then 11 attended what is now Central High School Callaway Ewen June 6 2012 Ancestry testing goes for pinpoint accuracy Companies use whole genomes to trace geographical origins Nature Archived from the original on September 6 2019 Retrieved August 20 2018 Episode 7 Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates Jr DNA Your Genetic Genealogist Archived from the original on March 29 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Dr Gates team also ordered an admixture test for Condoleeza This DNA analysis revealed that her genetic makeup is 51 African 40 European and 9 Native American or Asian and Condoleezza was surprised to learn that her mtDNA traced back to the Tikar people of Cameroon Samuel L Jackson Condoleezza Rice and Ruth Simmons Finding Your Roots April 29 2012 Archived from the original on September 3 2019 Retrieved August 20 2018 Rice Condoleezza 2017 Democracy Stories from the Long Road to Freedom New York Grand Central Publishing p 27 ISBN 9781455540181 Beck Emma February 28 2005 Growing up with Condoleezza Rice BBC News Archived from the original on September 16 2018 Retrieved September 25 2013 Hawkins B Denise September October 2002 Condoleezza Rice s Secret Weapon Today s Christian Archived from the original on January 9 2008 Retrieved October 26 2008 a b Condoleezza Rice Mad About Music January 2 2005 WNYC Archived from the original on May 26 2019 Mad About Music Retrieved October 18 2014 Chapman Tamara Summer 2010 Facing Forward Looking Back University of Denver Magazine Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 1 2010 Dobbs Michael December 28 2000 Josef Korbel s Enduring Foreign Policy Legacy Professor Mentored Daughter Albright and Student Rice The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 27 2019 Retrieved May 27 2019 Famous Alumnae USC Alpha Chi Omega Archived from the original on October 17 2007 Retrieved September 12 2018 a b Rice Condoleezza 2010 Extraordinary Ordinary People A Memoir of Family Three Rivers Press pp 184 8 ISBN 978 0 307 88847 1 Rice Condoleezza 1981 The Politics of Client Command Party Military Relations in Czechoslovakia 1948 1975 PhD dissertation University of Denver OCLC 51308999 Archived from the original on September 27 2013 Stout David July 8 2019 Janne E Nolan Principled Adviser on World Affairs Is Dead at 67 The New York Times Retrieved April 21 2021 Conteras Nancy May 29 2009 Transcript of CISAC 25th Anniversary Celebration PDF Stanford CISAC Retrieved May 5 2021 Chip actively brought women into the discussion starting with what have been called the 4 fellowettes here at CISAC Condi Rice Janne Nolan Cindy Roberts and me Gloria Duffy in 1980 82 Balz Dan August 1 2000 The Republicans Showcase a Rising Star Foreign Policy Fueled Rice s Party Switch and Her Climb to Prominence The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 Becker Maki April 4 2004 20 Things You Probably Didn t Know About Daily News Archived from the original on December 11 2008 Retrieved November 2 2008 a b Rice Condoleezza August 1 2000 Text Condoleezza Rice at the Republican National Convention The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 26 2019 Retrieved October 27 2008 a b c d e Baker Russell April 3 2008 Condi and the Boys New York Review of Books 55 5 9 11 ISSN 0028 7504 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved March 19 2008 Condoleezza Rice Forbes October 18 2001 Archived from the original on October 7 2008 Retrieved October 27 2008 Stanford s New Provost Is First Woman Black to Hold Position LA Times May 20 1993 Retrieved November 25 2021 John Hennessy dean of the School of Engineering named next provost Stanford News April 14 1999 Retrieved November 25 2021 Condoleezza Rice U S national security adviser CNN February 2002 Archived from the original on February 23 2002 Retrieved October 27 2008 Casper selects Condoleezza Rice to be next Stanford provost Press release Stanford University May 19 1993 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved October 27 2008 Lemann Nicholas October 14 2002 Without a Doubt The New Yorker p 181 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 17 2018 a b Barabak Mark Z January 16 2005 Not Always Diplomatic in Her First Major Post Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on April 10 2016 Retrieved August 17 2018 Robinson James June 9 1999 Velvet glove forcefulness Seven years of provostial challenges and achievements Stanford Report Stanford University Archived from the original on December 31 2010 Retrieved October 27 2008 Stephanopoulos George December 7 2008 Interview on ABC s This Week With George Stephanopoulos This Week ABC News Archived from the original on November 17 2017 Retrieved August 20 2018 via state gov Gorlick Adam January 28 2009 Condoleezza Rice on returning to campus Stanford Report Archived from the original on September 16 2018 Retrieved August 16 2018 Krieger Lisa M March 1 2009 Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice returns to Stanford University The Mercury News Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved March 2 2009 Rice Condolezza Condoleezza Rice Archived from the original on July 28 2020 Retrieved August 5 2020 a b c d Bumiller Elisabeth December 11 2007 Condoleezza Rice An American Life 1st ed New York Random House ISBN 978 1 4000 6590 5 a b Mabry Marcus 2007 Twice as good Condoleezza Rice and her path to power Emmaus Pa Rodale ISBN 978 1 59486 362 2 U S India Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement US Department of State Archive Marinucci Carla May 5 2001 Chevron redubs ship named for Bush aide San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on July 14 2012 Retrieved October 13 2008 Marinucci Carla April 5 2001 Critics knock naming oil tanker Condoleezza San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Kazak Don May 22 2007 Condoleezza Rice to visit program she started Palo Alto Online News Archived from the original on June 23 2015 Retrieved October 27 2008 Rice not interested in being Pac 10 commissioner Associated Press February 3 2009 Archived from the original on June 4 2011 Retrieved July 8 2011 a b Lee Jolie May 10 2014 Beyonce Jennifer Garner Jane Lynch join Ban Bossy campaign USA Today Archived from the original on July 28 2018 Retrieved August 8 2014 a b Beyonce Jennifer Garner Jane Lynch join prominent women in BanBossy campaign New York Daily News March 10 2014 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 8 2014 Garfinkel Noah July 11 2022 Condoleezza Rice added to Denver Broncos ownership group Axios Retrieved July 11 2022 NFL owners approve Walton Penner group s purchase of Denver Broncos franchise NFL com August 9 2022 Retrieved August 14 2022 Kettmann Steve May 20 2000 Bush s secret weapon Salon com Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Exclusive Interview Conversation with Terror Time January 11 1999 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Rice Condoleezza August 1 2000 Republican National Convention Remarks Archived from the original on June 17 2019 Retrieved May 27 2019 via sbc edu Bush Nominates Rice to Be Secretary of State ABC News January 7 2006 Archived from the original on November 16 2004 Retrieved November 24 2021 Oppel Richard A Jr Bruni Frank December 18 2000 The 43rd President The White House Staff Bush Adviser Gets National Security Post The New York Times Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 Serafin Tatiana November 2005 1 Condoleezza Rice The Most Powerful Women Forbes Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Rice says race can be one factor in considering admissions CNN January 18 2003 Archived from the original on December 10 2008 Retrieved November 3 2008 a b Shenon Philip Mark Mazzetti October 2 2006 Records Show Tenet Briefed Rice on Al Qaeda Threat The New York Times Archived from the original on October 27 2019 Retrieved November 3 2008 Landay Jonathan S Warren P Strobel John Walcott Matt Stearns Drew Brown October 2 2006 Rumsfeld Ashcroft said to have received warning of attack McClatchy Archived from the original on May 27 2019 Retrieved November 3 2008 Excerpts from April 8 2004 Testimony of Dr Condoleezza Rice Before the 9 11 Commission Pertaining to The President s Daily Brief of August 6 2001 9 11 Commission National Security Archive April 8 2004 Archived from the original on August 25 2017 Retrieved November 3 2008 Wilentz Sean April 13 2004 Don t know much about history Salon com Archived from the original on May 27 2019 Retrieved May 27 2019 Wright Robin April 1 2004 Top Focus Before 9 11 Wasn t on Terrorism The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 21 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 Past Winners Jefferson Awards Foundation Archived from the original on April 16 2019 Retrieved May 27 2019 Branum Don August 30 2010 Dr Condoleezza Rice receives 2009 TD White Award US Air force Archived from the original on October 12 2017 Retrieved December 12 2010 Transcript of Rice s 9 11 commission statement CNN May 19 2004 Archived from the original on April 18 2010 Retrieved November 3 2008 Rice says Saddam questions answered The Washington Times April 26 2007 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Rice Condoleezza January 23 2003 Why We Know Iraq Is Lying The New York Times Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Blitzer Wolf January 10 2003 Search for the smoking gun CNN Archived from the original on December 10 2008 Retrieved November 3 2008 Sanger David E October 6 2003 White House to Overhaul Iraq and Afghan Missions The New York Times Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 Milbank Dana May 18 2004 Stabilization Is Its Middle Name The Washington Post p A17 Archived from the original on February 17 2019 Retrieved August 20 2018 Rice defends decision to go to war in Iraq CNN Associated Press October 22 2004 Archived from the original on November 17 2004 Retrieved November 3 2008 Drash Wayne October 7 2004 Report No WMD stockpiles in Iraq CNN Archived from the original on November 7 2017 Retrieved November 3 2008 Milbank Dana Mike Allen July 27 2003 Iraq Flap Shakes Rice s Image The Washington Post p A0 Archived from the original on August 20 2018 Retrieved November 3 2008 a b c Hines Nico April 23 2009 Condoleezza Rice gave nod for torture techniques The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved April 23 2009 Open Letter to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales Human Rights Watch April 5 2006 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved April 17 2009 Davis Benjamin October 8 2007 Endgame on Torture Time to Call the Bluff JURIST Archived from the original on December 20 2007 Retrieved December 18 2007 Wallach Evan 2007 Drop by Drop Forgetting the History of Water Torture in U S Courts Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 45 2 468 506 ISSN 0010 1931 Archived from the original on April 18 2010 Retrieved May 7 2009 A rough draft Archived May 21 2009 at the Wayback Machine is also available National Lawyers Guild ed White Paper on the Law of Torture and Holding Accountable Those Who Are Complicit in Approving Torture of Persons in U S Custody PDF National Lawyers Guild International Association of Democratic Lawyers Archived PDF from the original on January 5 2009 Retrieved June 26 2012 French Journalist Henri Alleg Describes His Torture Being Waterboarded by French Forces During Algerian War Democracy Now November 5 2007 Archived from the original on December 15 2007 Retrieved December 18 2007 McCain John November 21 2005 Torture s Terrible Toll Newsweek Archived from the original on May 2 2009 Retrieved April 17 2009 Grey Stephen 2006 Ghost plane the true story of the CIA torture program New York City St Martin s Press p 226 ISBN 0 312 36023 1 OCLC 70335397 As one former CIA official once a senior official for the directorate of operations told me Of course it was torture Try it and you ll see Another also a former higher up in the directorate of operations told me Yes it s torture Bell Nicole November 2 2007 Retired JAGs Send Letter To Leahy Waterboarding is inhumane it is torture and it is illegal Crooks and Liars Archived from the original on February 2 2009 Retrieved April 17 2009 CIA Whitewashing Torture Human Rights Watch November 21 2005 Archived from the original on April 18 2009 Retrieved April 17 2009 Memmott Mark January 15 2009 Holder Water boarding is torture president can t authorize it USA Today Archived from the original on May 28 2009 Retrieved July 1 2009 Raw Data Transcript of Obama s News Conference Fox News April 29 2009 Archived from the original on January 19 2010 Retrieved May 7 2009 As Bush Adviser Rice Gave OK to Waterboard Fox News Associated Press April 22 2009 Archived from the original on June 4 2011 Retrieved May 8 2009 a b Kessler Glenn May 1 2009 Rice Defends Use Of Enhanced Techniques The Washington Post p 4 Archived from the original on June 23 2016 Retrieved August 12 2018 No More Excuses A Roadmap to Justice for CIA Torture Human Rights Watch December 2015 Archived from the original on December 1 2015 Retrieved December 2 2015 a b Rice sworn in as secretary of state NBCNews com Associated Press January 26 2005 Archived from the original on October 16 2015 Retrieved January 29 2013 Boxer Barbara January 27 2005 This is just the beginning PAC for a Change Archived from the original on May 11 2013 Retrieved January 29 2013 President s Jury 100 Interested Parties Washington Post January 13 1999 Standing for the Founding Principles of the Republic Voting No on the Nomination of Dr Rice as Secretary of State Press release Robert Byrd January 25 2005 Archived from the original on April 9 2010 Condoleezza Rice January 2000 Campaign 2000 Promoting the National Interest Foreign Affairs 79 1 50 Archived from the original on September 16 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 Rice Condoleezza July 2008 Rethinking the National Interest Foreign Affairs Vol 87 no 4 Archived from the original on August 17 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 Princeton University s Celebration of the 75th Anniversary Of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Press release United States Department of State September 30 2005 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Transformational Diplomacy Press release United States Department of State January 18 2006 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 Georgetown University address Press release United States Department of State January 18 2006 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 3 2008 a b Rice travel diplomacy year up close and personal Reuters October 11 2005 Archived from the original on April 20 2010 Retrieved September 11 2009 Landler Mark January 4 2013 Scare Adds to Fears That Clinton s Work Has Taken Toll The New York Times Archived from the original on September 12 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 Membership Roster Council on Foreign Relations Archived from the original on August 18 2019 Retrieved August 27 2015 Kaufman Leslie March 19 2013 Condoleezza Rice to Write Book for Henry Holt The New York Times Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 12 2018 High Point University August 18 2015 Condoleezza Rice To Serve As 2016 Commencement Speaker High Point University Archived from the original on August 25 2015 Retrieved August 27 2015 Condoleeza Rice Tells Grads To Find People They Disagree WIth The Huffington Post May 17 2016 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2016 8 Inspiring Women Leaders Share Their Best Advice For 2016 Grads Fortune May 25 2016 Archived from the original on May 28 2016 Retrieved May 27 2016 Instagram photo by Business Insider May 24 2016 at 3 58pm UTC Instagram Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2016 Rutgers students decry Rice as commencement speaker USA Today Archived from the original on February 19 2019 Retrieved February 19 2019 Condoleezza Rice U S should move on from Russian election interference Yahoo News May 9 2017 Archived from the original on August 16 2018 Retrieved August 16 2018 College Football Playoff officially unveils 13 member selection committee SI com Archived from the original on October 19 2013 Retrieved September 12 2018 Condoleezza Rice discusses her role on the selection committee SI com October 16 2013 Archived from the original on March 30 2014 Retrieved September 12 2018 Dinich Heather October 8 2014 Condi Rice talks committee ins outs ESPN Archived from the original on July 30 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 CFP SELECTION COMMITTEE Archived from the original on May 12 2020 Retrieved December 30 2019 Source Browns eye Condi Rice for HC interview ESPN com November 18 2018 AdamSchefter November 18 2018 Browns interested in interviewing Condoleezza Rice for head coaching job source tells ESPN Tweet via Twitter Condoleezza Rice and Browns deny ESPN report that team wants to interview her for head coach The Washington Post November 18 2018 Retrieved May 26 2022 Adam Schefter shares story behind Condoleezza Rice Browns report March 3 2020 Benjamin Cody November 22 2021 Condoleezza Rice addresses old reports of Browns interest I certainly don t wanna be a head coach CBS Sports Marinucci Carla February 27 2003 Security adviser Rice weighs run for governor San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 Rice says has no plan to run for vice president Reuters February 22 2008 Archived from the original on January 22 2010 Retrieved March 28 2008 I have always said that the one thing that I have not seen myself doing is running for elected office Transcript of Secretary Condoleezza Rice s Interview with the Washington Times Editorial Board The Washington Times United States Department of State March 28 2008 Archived from the original on February 5 2009 Retrieved March 28 2008 Question And would you consider vice president Rice Not interested Gallup Polls on GOP VP Preferences RealClearPolitics April 4 2008 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 12 2018 Bruce Mary April 6 2008 Dan Senor Condoleezza Rice Is Pursuing the VP Spot ABC News Archived from the original on April 7 2008 Retrieved September 12 2018 Kessler Glenn April 7 2008 Rice Still Not Running for VP The Washington Post Archived from the original on March 26 2012 Retrieved November 3 2008 McCormack dismissed both as perfectly ordinary I think if you look back at her tenure in terms of her activities you will find all of these activities perfectly normal and consistent with the way she has done her job over the past three years or so he said If she is actively seeking the vice presidency then she s the last one to know about it Stephanopoulos George December 7 2008 Rice on Hillary She s Terrific ABC News Archived from the original on December 8 2008 Retrieved December 7 2008 Condoleezza Rice s thoughts on a vice presidency YouTube Archived from the original on December 30 2021 Retrieved January 13 2021 Here are the top takeaways from Bob Woodward s new book on Donald Trump ABC News September 4 2018 Retrieved January 13 2021 Purdum Todd S February 24 2015 Dreaming of Condi Politico Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 29 2018 The Condoleezza Rice effect The Washington Post Archived from the original on November 29 2018 Retrieved November 29 2018 OnTheIssues org Condoleezza Rice on the Issues www ontheissues org Archived from the original on November 29 2018 Retrieved November 29 2018 Rice s stance on controversial issues POLITICO Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 29 2018 Dana Bash The pros and cons of Condi CNNPolitics CNN Archived from the original on November 29 2018 Retrieved November 29 2018 Interview on Fox News Sunday With Chris Wallace U S State Department December 18 2005 Archived from the original on November 17 2017 Retrieved September 12 2018 Remarks With Senator Richard Lugar on the U S Department of State and the Challenges of the 21st century U S State Department July 29 2005 Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved June 26 2012 Allen Mike March 13 2005 Mildly Pro Choice Rice Won t Rule Out Presidential Bid The Washington Post Archived from the original on November 19 2016 Retrieved August 22 2017 a b 2008 run abortion engage her politically The Washington Times March 11 2005 Archived from the original on September 16 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 Gerhart Ann July 19 2005 Women Closest to Bush Are Pro Choice The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 29 2018 Silverstein Stuart January 25 2003 Rice Considered a Centrist on Affirmative Action at Stanford Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved November 29 2018 Rice Weighs In on Affirmative Action Fox News March 25 2015 Archived from the original on November 29 2018 Retrieved November 29 2018 a b Zarya Valentina February 2 2017 Condoleezza Rice and Madeleine Albright Say Trump s Immigration Ban Is a Bad Idea Fortune Archived from the original on January 29 2018 Retrieved January 28 2018 a b Breitman Kendall November 6 2014 Rice warns Obama on immigration Politico Archived from the original on January 29 2018 Retrieved January 28 2018 Garner Dwight October 12 2010 Condoleezza Rice s Extraordinary Ordinary People The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 29 2018 Retrieved January 28 2018 Bergstrom William July 13 2012 Rice s stance on controversial issues POLITICO Archived from the original on April 11 2019 Retrieved January 25 2017 Condoleezza Rice on Civil Rights www ontheissues org Archived from the original on February 1 2017 Retrieved January 25 2017 Jagannathan Meera May 8 2017 Condoleezza Rice argues tearing down slave owners statues is sanitizing history New York Daily News Archived from the original on May 16 2017 Retrieved May 18 2017 Condi Rice weighs in on Confederate history The Dothan Eagle May 17 2017 Archived from the original on May 18 2017 Retrieved May 18 2017 Condoleezza Rice s Opening Statement The Wall Street Journal January 18 2005 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 12 2018 a b c d CNN Programs People in the News Archived from the original on May 28 2010 Retrieved June 25 2010 Profile Condoleezza Rice BBC News September 25 2001 Archived from the original on June 28 2006 Retrieved August 2 2006 Russakoff Dale September 9 2001 Lessons of Might and Right How Segregation and an Indomitable Family Shaped National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice Washington Post Magazine Archived from the original on August 7 2007 Retrieved April 2 2007 Correy Stan April 3 2005 Condoleezza Condoleezza Australian Broadcasting Corporation s Radio National Archived from the original on September 11 2005 Retrieved July 26 2006 Jackson Derrick Z November 20 2002 A lesson from Condoleezza Rice racematters org Archived from the original on March 14 2006 Retrieved February 21 2006 Shannon Elaine Ratnesar Romesh February 1 2007 Rice s Toughest Mission How Condoleezza Rice hopes to bring peace to the Middle East and salvage the Administration s foreign policy Time Archived from the original on February 4 2007 Retrieved September 12 2018 Cheney In Twilight Time March 19 2007 Archived from the original on April 6 2013 Retrieved August 20 2018 MacDonald Elizabeth Schoenberger Chana R September 1 2006 The World s Most Powerful Women Forbes Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 16 2018 King Colbert I January 22 2005 Why the Crass Remarks About Rice The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 12 2018 Barbara Boxer hits Condi below the belt Foreign Policy January 12 2007 Archived from the original on September 21 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 a b Drosjack Melissa Simmons Greg January 13 2007 White House Spokesman Blasts Sen Boxer s Exchange With Secretary Rice Fox News Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Cooper Helene Shanker Thom January 12 2007 Exchange Turns Into Political Flashpoint The New York Times Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Eggen Dan July 20 2008 U S Talks With Iran Exemplify Bush s New Approaches The Washington Post p A4 Archived from the original on October 13 2008 Retrieved July 21 2008 Savage Luiza February 14 2011 Rumsfeld lashes out at John McCain Condoleezza Rice and others Bush s former secretary of defence is still swinging Maclean s Archived from the original on March 20 2015 Retrieved April 5 2012 Hartman Rachel Rose April 28 2011 Condoleezza Rice fires back at grumpy Donald Rumsfeld The Ticket Yahoo News Archived from the original on June 1 2008 Retrieved June 26 2012 Rice Condoleezza 2011 No Higher Honor A Memoir of My Years in Washington eBook ed New York Broadway Books p 18 ISBN 978 0 307 95247 9 Haq Husna September 1 2011 Condi Rice fires back at Dick Cheney The Christian Science Monitor Archived from the original on March 21 2017 Retrieved May 5 2017 Hayes Stephen F October 9 2006 In the Driver s Seat Weekly Standard 13 36 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 Rosett Claudia August 12 2008 Georgia and the American Cowboy National Review Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 27 2019 a b Tilove Jonathon March 11 2004 For Black America The Thrill of Powell and Rice Is Gone Newhouse News Service Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved June 26 2011 Robinson Eugene October 25 2005 What Rice Can t See The Washington Post Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 16 2018 Interview with Bill O Reilly of the O Reilly Factor on Fox News O Reilly Factor September 14 2005 Archived from the original on October 22 2011 Retrieved June 26 2012 via state gov Mrs President October 25 2005 Archived from the original on March 3 2008 Retrieved August 16 2018 via Mmegi Page Clarence January 10 2006 Why Condi s star is rising Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on May 6 2006 Retrieved July 29 2006 a b King Colbert January 22 2005 Why the Crass Remarks About Rice The Washington Post p A17 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 29 2006 NAACP Calling Rice Aunt Jemima is wrong Associated Press November 22 2004 Archived from the original on June 25 2008 Retrieved August 17 2018 Reitwiesner William Addams The Ancestors of Condoleezza Rice WARGS Archived from the original on September 16 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 John Wesley Rice Jr 77 Father of Bush Adviser The New York Times December 29 2000 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved January 20 2009 Reitwiesner William Addams Ancestry of Condoleezza Rice Archived from the original on December 2 2010 Retrieved March 8 2010 self published source Zap Claudine January 25 2017 Ex Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Selling Palo Alto Home for 2 35M Realtor com Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 12 2018 Rogers Michael September 14 2007 Yes Condi it is Relevant HuffPost Archived from the original on February 2 2017 Retrieved September 12 2018 Kessler Glenn 2007 The Confidante Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy St Martin s Press ISBN 978 0312363802 Signorile Michelangelo September 14 2007 Condi s Closest Female Friend The Gist Archived from the original on September 12 2018 Retrieved September 12 2018 Augusta adds first woman members ESPN com Associated Press August 20 2012 Archived from the original on August 17 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 2014 espnW Impact 25 espnW Retrieved August 27 2015 a b Tommasini Anthony April 9 2006 Condoleezza Rice on Piano The New York Times Archived from the original on April 8 2015 Retrieved November 3 2008 Yo Yo Ma and Condoleezza Rice perform a duet C SPAN April 22 2002 Archived from the original on March 26 2017 Retrieved May 5 2017 Condoleezza Rice plays piano for the Queen The Daily Telegraph December 1 2008 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Rice performs recital for the Queen BBC News December 2 2008 Archived from the original on July 30 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 Midgette Anne July 29 2010 Condoleezza Rice Aretha Franklin A Philadelphia show of a little R E S P E C T The Washington Post Archived from the original on November 13 2012 Retrieved August 16 2018 Epstein Edward January 1 2007 Lantos the master storyteller communicator San Francisco Chronicle Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 20 2018 Watson Roland June 13 2005 Condoleezza Rice plays it again for Charity The Times London Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved September 12 2018 MSU Honorary Degree Recipients Alphabetical List msu edu Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 27 2015 Condoleezza Rice to deliver Commencement address bc edu Archived from the original on September 23 2015 Retrieved August 27 2015 U S Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to Receive Honorary Air University Degree state gov April 9 2008 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved August 27 2015 Johnson C Smith University Honorary Degrees jcsu edu Archived from the original on July 25 2015 Retrieved August 27 2015 Condoleezza Rice Honorary Degree Citation smu edu Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved August 27 2015 Erin Zagursky May 16 2015 W amp M celebrates more than 2 500 new graduates wm edu Archived from the original on August 13 2017 Retrieved May 20 2017 Condoleezza Rice Education is transformative sewanee edu Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved May 19 2018 Former U S Secretary of State to Address the Class of 21 Retrieved December 7 2021 SP FOTOS Presidencia de la Republica de Colombia historico presidencia gov co Further readingAcademic studies Alexander Floyd Nikol G Framing Condi licious Condoleezza Rice and the Storyline of Closeness in US National Community Formation Politics amp Gender 4 3 2008 427 449 online Bashevkin Sylvia Women as Foreign Policy Leaders National Security and Gender Politics in Superpower America Oxford UP 2018 excerpt also online review Bracey Christopher Alan Saviors or Sellouts The Promise and Peril of Black Conservatism from Booker T Washington to Condoleezza Rice 2008 Burke John P Condoleezza Rice as NSC Advisor A Case Study of the Honest Broker Role Presidential Studies Quarterly 35 3 pp 554 575 De Castilla Clariza Ruiz and Zazil Elena Reyes Garcia From sexual siren to race traitor Condoleezza Rice in political cartoons in Howard and Jackson eds Black Comics 2013 pp 169 88 online Dolan Chris J and David B Cohen The War About the War Iraq and the Politics of National Security Advising in the GW Bush Administration s First Term Politics amp Policy 34 1 2006 30 64 Gates Henry Louis and Condoleezza Rice A Conversation with Condoleezza Rice On Leadership Du Bois Review Social Science Research on Race 12 1 2015 online a primary source Jones Jason Controlling the discourse interviews with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Critical Discourse Studies 7 2 2010 127 141 1 Lusane Clarence Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice Foreign Policy Race and the New American Century 2006 online Mann James Rise of the Vulcans The History of Bush s War Cabinet 2004 Pennington Dorthy The Rhetorical Condition as Mediator in the Response of African Americans to Perceptions of Terrorism Condoleezza Rice as Symbol The Howard Journal of Communications 22 2 2011 123 139 onlinePopular books and commentary Bumiller Elisabeth Condoleezza Rice an American life a biography Random House 2007 Cunningham Kevin 2005 Condoleezza Rice U S Secretary Of State Journey to Freedom Child s World ISBN 1 59296 231 9 Ditchfield Christin 2003 Condoleezza Rice National Security Advisor Great Life Stories middle school audience Franklin Watts ISBN 0 531 12307 3 Flanders Laura 2004 Bushwomen Tales of a Cynical Species Verso ISBN 978 1 85984 587 5 Kessler Glenn 2007 The Confidante Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy ISBN 978 0 312 36380 2 Morris Dick with Eileen McGann 2005 Condi vs Hillary The Next Great Presidential Race Regan Books ISBN 0 06 083913 9 Marcus Mabry Twice As Good Condoleezza Rice and Her Path to Power Modern Times Rodale 2007 Rice Condoleezza and President George W Bush Hand Off The Foreign Policy George W Bush Passed to Barack Obama Brookings Institution Press 2023 excerpt Ryan Bernard Jr 2003 Condoleezza Rice National Security Advisor and Musician Ferguson Career Biographies Facts on File ISBN 0 8160 5480 0 Wade Linda R 2002 Condoleezza Rice A Real Life Reader Biography Real Life Reader Biography Mitchell Lane Publishers ISBN 1 58415 145 5 middle school audience Wade Mary Dodson 2003 Condoleezza Rice Being The Best Millbrook Press Lerner Books ISBN 0 7613 1927 1 middle school audience online Rice Condoleezza 2010 Condoleezza Rice A Memoir of My Extraordinary Ordinary Family and Me Ember ISBN 978 0385738804Online articles Smart savvy strong willed Rice charts her own course CNN 2001 Cornwell Rupert January 20 2005 From the axis of evil to the outposts of tyranny dead link The Independent Nordlinger Jay August 30 1999 Star in waiting meet George W s foreign policy czarina National Review Richter Paul March 15 2005 Rice Reshaping Foreign Policy Los Angeles Times Richter Paul October 11 2005 Under Rice Powell s Policies Are Reborn Los Angeles Times Sullivan Andrew March 24 2002 Bush Rice 2004 The Sunday Times London External linksBiography from the U S Department of State Hoover Institution on YouTube Director Dr Condoleeza Rice Appearances on C SPAN Norwood Arlisha Condoleezza Rice National Women s History Museum 2017 Interview with Dr Condoleeza Rice 1991 10 01 In Black America KUT Radio American Archive of Public Broadcasting WGBH and the Library of Congress Academic officesPreceded byGerald Lieberman Provost of Stanford University1993 1999 Succeeded byJohn L HennessyPolitical officesPreceded bySandy Berger National Security Advisor2001 2005 Succeeded byStephen HadleyPreceded byColin Powell United States Secretary of State2005 2009 Succeeded byHillary ClintonNon profit organization positionsPreceded byThomas W Gilligan Director of the Hoover Institution2020 present IncumbentU S order of precedence ceremonial Preceded byJames Bakeras Former US Secretary of State Order of precedence of the United Statesas Former US Secretary of State Succeeded byHillary Clintonas Former US Secretary of State Portals United States Biography PoliticsCondoleezza Rice at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Data from Wikidata Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Condoleezza Rice amp oldid 1172646829, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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