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Wikipedia

List of birds of the United States

April 11, 2024

A comprehensive listing of all the bird species confirmed in the United States follows. It includes species from all 50 states and the District of Columbia as of July 2022. Species confirmed in other U.S. territories are also included with other "as of" dates.

The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States.
The California condor is one of North America's most endangered birds.

The birds of the continental United States most closely resemble those of Eurasia, which was connected to the continent as part of the supercontinent Laurasia until around 60 million years ago. Many groups occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere and worldwide. However some groups unique to the New World have also arisen; those represented in the list are the hummingbirds, the New World vultures, the New World quail, the tyrant flycatchers, the vireos, the mimids, the New World warblers, the tanagers, the cardinals, and the icterids.

Several common birds in the United States, such as the house sparrow, the rock pigeon, the European starling, and the mute swan are introduced species, meaning that they are not native to North America, but were brought there by humans. Introduced species are marked as (I). In addition, many non-native species which have individual escapees or small feral populations in North America are not on the list. It is especially true of birds that are commonly held as pets, such as parrots and finches.

The status of one bird on the list, the ivory-billed woodpecker, is controversial. Until 2005, the bird was widely considered to be extinct. In April of that year, it was reported that at least one adult male bird had been sighted in the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas. The report, however, has not been universally accepted, and the American Birding Association still lists the ivory-billed woodpecker as extinct.

Hawaii has many endemic bird species (such as the Kauaʻi ʻelepaio) that are vulnerable or endangered, and some have become extinct. The number of birds on Guam has been severely reduced by introduced brown tree snakes[1][2] — several endemic species on Guam (such as the Guam flycatcher) have become extinct, while others (such as the Guam rail) have become extinct in the wild. Guam rails have since been reintroduced to the wild on Guam and Rota.[3] There are many endemic bird species in Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, while American Samoa has South Pacific bird species (such as the many-colored fruit dove) found in no other part of the United States.[4][5][6]


Sources and geographic coverage edit

The majority of this list is derived from the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS)[7] and the Bird Checklists of the World (Avibase).[8] The geographic territory of that source which applies to the article is the 48 contiguous states, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, the adjacent islands under the jurisdiction of those states, Puerto Rico, and the American Virgin Islands.

The article also includes birds found in the other U.S. territories (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands). In total, the list of birds in the article includes bird species found in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories.

The source for birds in the U.S. territories is the Avibase website: Bird checklists of the world (American Samoa),[6] Bird checklists of the world (Guam),[3] Bird checklists of the world (Northern Mariana Islands),[5] Bird checklists of the world (Puerto Rico),[4] Bird checklists of the world (United States Virgin Islands),[9] and Bird Checklists of the world (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands).[10]

When a bird's presence in the U.S. only occurs within a U.S. territory such as Puerto Rico, the name of the territory is noted alongside the bird's name.

Taxonomy and status edit

For species found in the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the list are those of the AOS, the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North and Middle American birds. However, the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the Check-list, "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups".[7] The sequence and names of families and species found in American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands follow the Clements taxonomy because the AOS does not address those areas.[11]

Unless otherwise noted, the species listed here are considered to occur regularly in the United States as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or annual migrants. The following tags are used to designate some species:

  • (A) Accidental - occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records and unlikely to occur regularly
  • (C) Casual - occurrence based on two or a few records, with subsequent records not improbable
  • (E) Extinct - a species which no longer exists
  • (Ex) Extirpated - a species which no longer occurs in the United States, but other populations still exist elsewhere
  • (I) Introduced - a species established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous
  • (EH) Endemic to Hawaii - a native species found only in Hawaii
  • (EG) Endemic to Guam - a native species found only in Guam
  • (ENM) Endemic to the Northern Mariana Islands - a native species found only in the Northern Mariana Islands
  • (EP) Endemic to Puerto Rico - a native species found only in Puerto Rico
  • (EU) Endemic to the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands - a native species found only in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
  • (EM) Endemic to the mainland - a native species found only in the 48 contiguous states, Alaska, and their adjacent islands

The (A) and (C) tags correspond to the codes 5 and 4 respectively of the American Birding Association.[12] The (E), (Ex), and (I) tags describe species' status according to the AOS. The (EH) tags follow the AOS list and the (EM) tags are based on the Clements taxonomy.

Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[13] The symbols apply to the species' worldwide status, not their status solely in the United States except for endemic species. The symbols and their meanings, in increasing order of peril, are:

LC = least concern NT = near threatened VU = vulnerable EN = endangered CR = critically endangered EW = extinct in the wild EX = extinct

By the numbers edit

This list contains 1125 species found in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Of these 1125, 155 are tagged as accidental, 101 as casual, and 55 as introduced. Thirty-three are known to be extinct and one, the thick-billed parrot, has been extirpated though a population remains in Mexico. Thirty-three living species are endemic to Hawaii; an additional 28 former Hawaiian endemics are known to be extinct and a few others are thought to be. Sixteen species are endemic to the 48 contiguous states and one to Alaska.

There are an additional 146 species whose presence in the United States is only within one or more U.S. territories; some of those species have become extinct. The total number of bird species on the list is 1267 (i.e. the 1120 bird species found in the 50 states and District of Columbia, plus the 146 species found only in the U.S. territories). Some of the species found in the 50 states and District of Columbia are also found in the U.S. territories.

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl edit

 
Trumpeter swan
 
Wood duck pair
 
Falcated duck
 
Common eider

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

Megapodes edit

 
Micronesian scrubfowl

Order: Galliformes   Family: Megapodiidae

The Megapodiidae are stocky, medium-large chicken-like birds with small heads and large feet. All but the malleefowl occupy jungle habitats and most have brown or black coloring.

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows edit

Order: Galliformes   Family: Cracidae

The chachalacas, guans, and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

New World quail edit

 
California quail

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

Pheasants, grouse, and allies edit

 
Wild turkey

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Flamingos edit

 
American flamingo

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Grebes edit

 
Clark's grebe

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Sandgrouse edit

Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small pigeon-like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Pigeons and doves edit

 
Mourning dove
 
Many-colored fruit-dove

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. They feed on seeds, fruit, and plants. Unlike most other birds, the doves and pigeons produce "crop milk," which is secreted by a sloughing of fluid-filled cells from the lining of the crop. Both sexes produce the highly nutritious substance to feed to the young.

Cuckoos edit

 
Black-billed cuckoo

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

Nightjars and allies edit

 
Common nighthawk

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves.

Potoos edit

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Nyctibiidae

Potoos are a group of large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. These are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

Swifts edit

 
Chimney swift

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Hummingbirds edit

 
Ruby-throated hummingbird

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

Rails, gallinules, and coots edit

 
King rail

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Finfoots edit

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Heliornithidae

Finfoots resemble rails; they have long necks, slender bodies, broad tails, and sharp, pointed bills. Their legs and feet are brightly colored. The family has three species and only the sungrebe is found in the New World.

Limpkin edit

 
Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aramidae

The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean, South America, and southern Florida.

Cranes edit

 
Sandhill cranes

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Thick-knees edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Stilts and avocets edit

 
American avocet

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Oystercatchers edit

 
American oystercatcher

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious, and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs.

Plovers and lapwings edit

 
Killdeer

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Jacanas edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a family of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Sandpipers and allies edit

 
Ruddy turnstone
 
Greater yellowlegs
 
Red-necked phalarope

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Pratincoles and coursers edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

The pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings, and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding. Their flight is fast and graceful like that of a swallow or a tern, with many twists and turns to pursue their prey.

Skuas and jaegers edit

 
Long-tailed jaeger

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

Auks, murres, and puffins edit

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture, and some of their habits. However, they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Gulls, terns, and skimmers edit

 
A western gull in front of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco
 
Common tern
 
Black skimmer

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

Tropicbirds edit

 
Red-tailed tropicbird

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.

Loons edit

 
Pacific loon

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds, the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but are almost hopeless on land, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body.

Albatrosses edit

 
Black-footed albatross

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses of the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Southern storm-petrels edit

 
Wilson's storm-petrel

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, these species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

Northern storm-petrels edit

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of the family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

Shearwaters and petrels edit

 
Northern fulmar
 
Cook's petrel
 
Great shearwater

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Storks edit

 
Wood stork

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills, and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.

Frigatebirds edit

 
Magnificent frigatebird

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Boobies and gannets edit

 
Blue-footed booby

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Anhingas edit

 
Anhinga

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.

Cormorants and shags edit

 
Double-crested cormorant

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.

Pelicans edit

 
Brown pelican

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

Herons, egrets, and bitterns edit

 
Snowy egret

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

Ibises and spoonbills edit

 
Glossy ibis

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

The family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings. Their bodies tend to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.

New World vultures edit

 
Turkey vulture

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.

Osprey edit

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a monotypic family of fish-eating birds of prey. Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak, strong legs, strong talons, and keen eyesight.

Hawks, eagles, and kites edit

 
American goshawk
 
Red-shouldered hawk
 
A five-year-old golden eagle

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

Barn-owls edit

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Owls in the family Tytonidae are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces.

Owls edit

 
Barred owl

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical or "true" owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Trogons edit

 
Elegant trogon

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide with the greatest diversity in Central and South America. They feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons do not migrate. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They nest in holes in trees or termite nests, laying white or pastel-colored eggs.

Hoopoes edit

Order: Upupiformes   Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes spend much time on the ground hunting insects and worms. This black, white, and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. The crest is erectile, but is mostly kept closed. It walks on the ground like a starling. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.

Todies edit

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Todidae

Todies are a group of small near passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resembles kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.

Kingfishers edit

 
Ringed kingfisher

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Rollers edit

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Woodpeckers edit

 
Red-naped sapsucker
 
Northern flicker

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Falcons and caracaras edit

 
American kestrel

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Cockatoos edit

 
Sulphur-crested cockatoo

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Cacatuidae

Cockatoos share many features with true parrots (family Psittacidae) including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the movable headcrest, and their lack of the Dyck texture feather composition, which gives many parrots their iridescent colors. Cockatoos are also, on average, larger than the true parrots.

New World and African parrots edit

 
Red-crowned parrot
 
Puerto Rican parrot

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.

Old World parrots edit

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

 
Blue-crowned lorikeet

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Tityras and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tityridae

Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly lumped with the families Pipridae and Cotingidae (see Taxonomy). As yet, no widely accepted common name exists for the family, although Tityras and allies and Tityras, mourners, and allies have been used. They are small to medium-sized birds.

Honeyeaters edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Meliphagidae

 
Micronesian myzomela

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.

Cuckooshrikes edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored.

  • Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus (Northern Mariana Islands) (A) LC

Drongos edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

  • Black drongo, Dicrurus macrocercus (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (I) LC

Fantails edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhipiduridae

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders.

  • Rufous fantail, Rhipidura rufifrons (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) (Ex) LC

Tyrant flycatchers edit

 
Willow flycatcher
 
Vermilion flycatcher
 
Eastern kingbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis edit

 
Yellow-throated vireo

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds mostly restricted to the New World, though a few other species in the family are found in Asia. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood-warblers apart from their heavier bills.

Monarch flycatchers edit

 
Hawaii elepaio

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

The Monarchinae are a relatively recent grouping of a number of seemingly very different birds, mostly from the Southern Hemisphere, which are more closely related than they at first appear. Many of the approximately 140 species making up the family were previously assigned to other groups, largely on the basis of general morphology or behavior. With the new insights generated by the DNA-DNA hybridisation studies of Sibley and his co-workers toward the end of the 20th century, however, it became clear that these apparently unrelated birds were all descended from a common ancestor. The Monarchinae are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines, many of which hunt by flycatching.

Five of the species listed below (three species endemic to Hawaii, one species found in American Samoa, and one species endemic to the Northern Mariana Islands) represent the group in the United States. One species, the Guam flycatcher, is extinct because of the introduced brown tree snake on Guam.

Shrikes edit

 
Northern shrike

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

Crows, jays, and magpies edit

 
Clark's nutcracker
 
American crow

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Since about 2012, nesting fish crows have increasingly been documented in Canada along the northwest shore of Lake Ontario, so the species will probably soon no longer be considered endemic to the lower 48 U.S. states.[22]

Penduline-tits edit

 
Verdin

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae

The only member of this family in the New World, the verdin is one of the smallest passerines in North America. It is gray overall and adults have a bright yellow head and rufous "shoulder patch" (the lesser coverts). Verdins are insectivorous, continuously foraging among the desert trees and scrubs. They are usually solitary except when they pair up to construct their conspicuous nests.

  • Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps LC

Tits, chickadees, and titmice edit

 
Tufted titmouse

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Larks edit

 
Horned lark

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Reed warblers and allies edit

 
 
Left: Saipan reed warbler; Right: Millerbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Grassbirds and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Swallows edit

 
Tree swallow

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Long-tailed tits edit

 
Bushtit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae

The long-tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Bush warblers and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia.

Leaf warblers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

Bulbuls edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs.

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia, and to a lesser extent Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zosteropidae

 
Golden white-eye

The white-eyes are small passerine birds native to tropical and sub-tropical Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia. The birds of this group are mostly of undistinguished appearance, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. But as indicated by their scientific name, derived from the Ancient Greek for girdle-eye, there is a conspicuous ring around the eyes of many species. They have rounded wings and strong legs. The size ranges up to 15 cm (6 inches) in length. All the species of white-eyes are sociable, forming large flocks which only separate on the approach of the breeding season. Though mainly insectivorous, they eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.

Laughingthrushes edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Leiothrichidae

The laughingthrushes are a large family of Old World passerine birds. They are rather diverse in size and coloration, but are characterized by soft fluffy plumage. These birds have strong legs and many are quite terrestrial. This group is not strongly migratory and most species have short rounded wings and a weak flight.

Kinglets edit

 
Golden-crowned kinglet

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets and "crests" are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers. They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.

Waxwings edit

 
Cedar waxwing

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Silky-flycatchers edit

 
Phainopepla

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ptiliogonatidae

The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America. They are related to waxwings and most species have small crests.

Hawaiian honeyeaters edit

 
The extinct Kauai oo

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mohoidae

Hawaiian honeyeaters prefer to flit quickly from perch to perch in the outer foliage, stretching up or sideways or hanging upside down at need. They have a highly developed brush-tipped tongue, which is frayed and fringed with bristles which soak up liquids readily. The tongue is flicked rapidly and repeatedly into a flower, the upper mandible then compressing any liquid out when the bill is closed. All species of honeyeaters below were endemic to Hawaii, but are now extinct. The Kauai oo was the last species to survive, and was last seen in 1987.

Nuthatches edit

 
White-breasted nuthatch

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.

Treecreepers edit

 
Brown creeper

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Gnatcatchers edit

 
Blue-gray gnatcatcher

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails.

Wrens edit

 
Carolina wren

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Mockingbirds and thrashers edit

 
Northern mockingbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

Starlings edit

 
An immature female European starling

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.

Dippers edit

 
American dipper

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. These birds have adaptations which allows them to submerge and walk on the bottom to feed on insect larvae.

Thrushes and allies edit

 
Western bluebird
 
Puaiohi
 
American robin

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Old World flycatchers edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

The Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing.

Olive warbler edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Peucedramidae

The olive warbler has a gray body with some olive-green on the wings and two white wing bars. The male's head and breast are orange and there is a black patch through the eye. This is the only species in its family.

Weavers and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae

Weavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches. These are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills, most of which breed in sub-Saharan Africa, with fewer species in tropical Asia. Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make. They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially.

Indigobirds edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Viduidae

The Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to Africa that includes indigobirds and whydahs. All species are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. Species usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage.

Waxbills and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The members of this family are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

Accentors edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

Accentors are small, fairly drab species superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. However, accentors have thin sharp bills, reflecting their diet of insects in summer, augmented with seeds and berries in winter.

Old World sparrows edit

 
House sparrow

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Wagtails and pipits edit

 
American pipit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

Finches, euphonias, and allies edit

 
Gray-crowned rosy-finch
 
Iiwi
 
American goldfinch

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Longspurs and snow buntings edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Old World buntings edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.

New World sparrows edit

 
Eastern towhee
 
White-crowned sparrow
 
Dark-eyed junco

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

Puerto Rican tanager edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Nesospingidae

This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017.

Spindalises edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Spindalidae

The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. One species occurs fairly frequently in Florida.

Yellow-breasted chat edit

 
Yellow-breasted chat — whose breeding range is almost entirely within the contiguous United States.

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Troupials and allies edit

 
Red-winged blackbird
 
Baltimore oriole

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color which is often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

New World warblers edit

 
Nashville warbler
 
Hooded warbler
 
Cerulean warbler
 
Yellow warbler

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

Cardinals and allies edit

 
Northern cardinal
 
Indigo bunting

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Tanagers and allies edit

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thraupidae

 
Lesser Antillean bullfinch

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food.

Notes edit

  1. ^ The Laysan duck was introduced to Midway Atoll (in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands), but the native population is considered endemic the state of Hawaii.
  2. ^ The greater prairie-chicken has been extirpated from its former Canadian range, but is possibly repopulating there from the U.S.
  3. ^ The long-tailed koel is accidental to rare in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.
  4. ^ The Mariana swiftlet is found in Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands.
  5. ^ The black-winged stilt occurs regularly in the Northern Mariana Islands.
  6. ^ The Polynesian storm-petrel is accidental to rare in the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands.
  7. ^ The reintroduction of the California condor is in progress but the species is not yet reestablished per the California Bird Records Committee; it is "not self-sustaining" per the Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
  8. ^ In the U.S., the Eurasian skylark is introduced and resident in Hawaii and San Juan Island, Washington. It is a rare summer visitor to Alaska and has bred there, and is an accidental visitor to California and the minor outlying islands in the Pacific.
  9. ^ The Northern red bishop was introduced to Puerto Rico and is accidental to rare in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
  10. ^ The house finch is native to the southwestern U.S. and was introduced in the east.
  11. ^ The Venezuelan troupial was introduced in Puerto Rico and is accidental to rare in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

References edit

April 11, 2024
list, birds, united, states, comprehensive, listing, bird, species, confirmed, united, states, follows, includes, species, from, states, district, columbia, july, 2022, species, confirmed, other, territories, also, included, with, other, dates, bald, eagle, na. A comprehensive listing of all the bird species confirmed in the United States follows It includes species from all 50 states and the District of Columbia as of July 2022 Species confirmed in other U S territories are also included with other as of dates The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States The California condor is one of North America s most endangered birds The birds of the continental United States most closely resemble those of Eurasia which was connected to the continent as part of the supercontinent Laurasia until around 60 million years ago Many groups occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere and worldwide However some groups unique to the New World have also arisen those represented in the list are the hummingbirds the New World vultures the New World quail the tyrant flycatchers the vireos the mimids the New World warblers the tanagers the cardinals and the icterids Several common birds in the United States such as the house sparrow the rock pigeon the European starling and the mute swan are introduced species meaning that they are not native to North America but were brought there by humans Introduced species are marked as I In addition many non native species which have individual escapees or small feral populations in North America are not on the list It is especially true of birds that are commonly held as pets such as parrots and finches The status of one bird on the list the ivory billed woodpecker is controversial Until 2005 the bird was widely considered to be extinct In April of that year it was reported that at least one adult male bird had been sighted in the Cache River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas The report however has not been universally accepted and the American Birding Association still lists the ivory billed woodpecker as extinct Hawaii has many endemic bird species such as the Kauaʻi ʻelepaio that are vulnerable or endangered and some have become extinct The number of birds on Guam has been severely reduced by introduced brown tree snakes 1 2 several endemic species on Guam such as the Guam flycatcher have become extinct while others such as the Guam rail have become extinct in the wild Guam rails have since been reintroduced to the wild on Guam and Rota 3 There are many endemic bird species in Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands while American Samoa has South Pacific bird species such as the many colored fruit dove found in no other part of the United States 4 5 6 Contents 1 Sources and geographic coverage 2 Taxonomy and status 3 By the numbers 4 Ducks geese and waterfowl 5 Megapodes 6 Guans chachalacas and curassows 7 New World quail 8 Pheasants grouse and allies 9 Flamingos 10 Grebes 11 Sandgrouse 12 Pigeons and doves 13 Cuckoos 14 Nightjars and allies 15 Potoos 16 Swifts 17 Hummingbirds 18 Rails gallinules and coots 19 Finfoots 20 Limpkin 21 Cranes 22 Thick knees 23 Stilts and avocets 24 Oystercatchers 25 Plovers and lapwings 26 Jacanas 27 Sandpipers and allies 28 Pratincoles and coursers 29 Skuas and jaegers 30 Auks murres and puffins 31 Gulls terns and skimmers 32 Tropicbirds 33 Loons 34 Albatrosses 35 Southern storm petrels 36 Northern storm petrels 37 Shearwaters and petrels 38 Storks 39 Frigatebirds 40 Boobies and gannets 41 Anhingas 42 Cormorants and shags 43 Pelicans 44 Herons egrets and bitterns 45 Ibises and spoonbills 46 New World vultures 47 Osprey 48 Hawks eagles and kites 49 Barn owls 50 Owls 51 Trogons 52 Hoopoes 53 Todies 54 Kingfishers 55 Rollers 56 Woodpeckers 57 Falcons and caracaras 58 Cockatoos 59 New World and African parrots 60 Old World parrots 61 Tityras and allies 62 Honeyeaters 63 Cuckooshrikes 64 Drongos 65 Fantails 66 Tyrant flycatchers 67 Vireos shrike babblers and erpornis 68 Monarch flycatchers 69 Shrikes 70 Crows jays and magpies 71 Penduline tits 72 Tits chickadees and titmice 73 Larks 74 Reed warblers and allies 75 Grassbirds and allies 76 Swallows 77 Long tailed tits 78 Bush warblers and allies 79 Leaf warblers 80 Bulbuls 81 Sylviid warblers parrotbills and allies 82 White eyes yuhinas and allies 83 Laughingthrushes 84 Kinglets 85 Waxwings 86 Silky flycatchers 87 Hawaiian honeyeaters 88 Nuthatches 89 Treecreepers 90 Gnatcatchers 91 Wrens 92 Mockingbirds and thrashers 93 Starlings 94 Dippers 95 Thrushes and allies 96 Old World flycatchers 97 Olive warbler 98 Weavers and allies 99 Indigobirds 100 Waxbills and allies 101 Accentors 102 Old World sparrows 103 Wagtails and pipits 104 Finches euphonias and allies 105 Longspurs and snow buntings 106 Old World buntings 107 New World sparrows 108 Puerto Rican tanager 109 Spindalises 110 Yellow breasted chat 111 Troupials and allies 112 New World warblers 113 Cardinals and allies 114 Tanagers and allies 115 Notes 116 References 117 See also 118 External linksSources and geographic coverage editThe majority of this list is derived from the Check list of North and Middle American Birds 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement published by the American Ornithological Society AOS 7 and the Bird Checklists of the World Avibase 8 The geographic territory of that source which applies to the article is the 48 contiguous states the District of Columbia Alaska Hawaii the adjacent islands under the jurisdiction of those states Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands The article also includes birds found in the other U S territories American Samoa Guam the Northern Mariana Islands and the U S Minor Outlying Islands In total the list of birds in the article includes bird species found in the 50 states the District of Columbia and all U S territories The source for birds in the U S territories is the Avibase website Bird checklists of the world American Samoa 6 Bird checklists of the world Guam 3 Bird checklists of the world Northern Mariana Islands 5 Bird checklists of the world Puerto Rico 4 Bird checklists of the world United States Virgin Islands 9 and Bird Checklists of the world U S Minor Outlying Islands 10 When a bird s presence in the U S only occurs within a U S territory such as Puerto Rico the name of the territory is noted alongside the bird s name Taxonomy and status editFor species found in the 50 states Puerto Rico and the U S Virgin Islands the taxonomic treatment designation and sequence of orders families and species and nomenclature common and scientific names used in the list are those of the AOS the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North and Middle American birds However the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them The AOS s Committee on Classification and Nomenclature the body responsible for maintaining and updating the Check list strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept BSC in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups 7 The sequence and names of families and species found in American Samoa Guam and the U S Minor Outlying Islands follow the Clements taxonomy because the AOS does not address those areas 11 Unless otherwise noted the species listed here are considered to occur regularly in the United States as permanent residents summer or winter residents or visitors or annual migrants The following tags are used to designate some species A Accidental occurrence based on one or two rarely more records and unlikely to occur regularly C Casual occurrence based on two or a few records with subsequent records not improbable E Extinct a species which no longer exists Ex Extirpated a species which no longer occurs in the United States but other populations still exist elsewhere I Introduced a species established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention synonymous with non native and non indigenous EH Endemic to Hawaii a native species found only in Hawaii EG Endemic to Guam a native species found only in Guam ENM Endemic to the Northern Mariana Islands a native species found only in the Northern Mariana Islands EP Endemic to Puerto Rico a native species found only in Puerto Rico EU Endemic to the U S Minor Outlying Islands a native species found only in the U S Minor Outlying Islands EM Endemic to the mainland a native species found only in the 48 contiguous states Alaska and their adjacent islandsThe A and C tags correspond to the codes 5 and 4 respectively of the American Birding Association 12 The E Ex and I tags describe species status according to the AOS The EH tags follow the AOS list and the EM tags are based on the Clements taxonomy Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN 13 The symbols apply to the species worldwide status not their status solely in the United States except for endemic species The symbols and their meanings in increasing order of peril are LC least concern NT near threatened VU vulnerable EN endangered CR critically endangered EW extinct in the wild EX extinctBy the numbers editThis list contains 1125 species found in the 50 states and the District of Columbia Of these 1125 155 are tagged as accidental 101 as casual and 55 as introduced Thirty three are known to be extinct and one the thick billed parrot has been extirpated though a population remains in Mexico Thirty three living species are endemic to Hawaii an additional 28 former Hawaiian endemics are known to be extinct and a few others are thought to be Sixteen species are endemic to the 48 contiguous states and one to Alaska There are an additional 146 species whose presence in the United States is only within one or more U S territories some of those species have become extinct The total number of bird species on the list is 1267 i e the 1120 bird species found in the 50 states and District of Columbia plus the 146 species found only in the U S territories Some of the species found in the 50 states and District of Columbia are also found in the U S territories Ducks geese and waterfowl edit nbsp Trumpeter swan nbsp Wood duck pair nbsp Falcated duck nbsp Common eiderOrder Anseriformes Family AnatidaeAnatidae includes the ducks and most duck like waterfowl such as geese and swans These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils White faced whistling duck Dendrocygna viduata U S Virgin Islands A LC Black bellied whistling duck Dendrocygna autumnalis LC West Indian whistling duck Dendrocygna arborea Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands NT Fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor LC Emperor goose Anser canagica NT Snow goose Anser caerulescens LC Ross s goose Anser rossii LC Graylag goose Anser anser A LC Greater white fronted goose Anser albifrons LC Lesser white fronted goose Anser erythropus A VU Taiga bean goose Anser fabalis LC Tundra bean goose Anser serrirostris LC Pink footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus C LC Brant Branta bernicla LC Barnacle goose Branta leucopsis C LC Cackling goose Branta hutchinsii LC Canada goose Branta canadensis LC Hawaiian goose Branta sandvicensis EH VU Mute swan Cygnus olor I LC Black swan Cygnus atratus I LC Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator LC Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus LC Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus LC Egyptian goose Alopochen aegyptiaca I LC Common shelduck Tadorna tadorna C LC Muscovy duck Cairina moschata LC Wood duck Aix sponsa LC Baikal teal Sibirionetta formosa C LC Garganey Spatula querquedula C LC Blue winged teal Spatula discors LC Cinnamon teal Spatula cyanoptera LC Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata LC Gadwall Mareca strepera LC Falcated duck Mareca falcata C NT Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope LC American wigeon Mareca americana LC Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa American Samoa LC Laysan duck Anas laysanensis EH note 1 CR Hawaiian duck Anas wyvilliana EH EN Eastern spot billed duck Anas zonorhyncha C LC Mallard Anas platyrhynchos LC Mexican duck Anas diazi not yet assessed by the IUCN American black duck Anas rubripes LC Mottled duck Anas fulvigula LC White cheeked pintail Anas bahamensis C LC Northern pintail Anas acuta LC Green winged teal Anas crecca LC Canvasback Aythya valisineria LC Redhead Aythya americana LC Common pochard Aythya ferina VU Ring necked duck Aythya collaris LC Tufted duck Aythya fuligula A LC Greater scaup Aythya marila LC Lesser scaup Aythya affinis LC Steller s eider Polysticta stelleri VU Spectacled eider Somateria fischeri NT King eider Somateria spectabilis LC Common eider Somateria mollissima NT Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus LC Labrador duck Camptorhynchus labradorius E EX Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata LC Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca LC White winged scoter Melanitta deglandi LC Stejneger s scoter Melanitta stejnegeri LC Common scoter Melanitta nigra LC Black scoter Melanitta americana NT Long tailed duck Clangula hyemalis VU Bufflehead Bucephala albeola LC Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula LC Barrow s goldeneye Bucephala islandica LC Smew Mergellus albellus A LC Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus LC Common merganser Mergus merganser LC Red breasted merganser Mergus serrator LC Masked duck Nomonyx dominicus LC Ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis LCMegapodes edit nbsp Micronesian scrubfowlOrder Galliformes Family MegapodiidaeThe Megapodiidae are stocky medium large chicken like birds with small heads and large feet All but the malleefowl occupy jungle habitats and most have brown or black coloring Micronesian scrubfowl Megapodius laperouse Northern Mariana Islands extirpated from Guam ENGuans chachalacas and curassows editOrder Galliformes Family CracidaeThe chachalacas guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae These are large birds similar in general appearance to turkeys The guans and curassows live in trees but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats They are generally dull plumaged but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments Plain chachalaca Ortalis vetula LCNew World quail edit nbsp California quailOrder Galliformes Family OdontophoridaeThe New World quails are small plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World but named for their similar appearance and habits Mountain quail Oreortyx pictus LC Northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus NT Crested bobwhite Colinus cristatus U S Virgin Islands Ex I 14 LC Scaled quail Callipepla squamata LC California quail Callipepla californica LC Gambel s quail Callipepla gambelii LC Montezuma quail Cyrtonyx montezumae LCPheasants grouse and allies edit nbsp Wild turkeyOrder Galliformes Family PhasianidaePhasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies These are terrestrial species variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans Wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo LC Ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus LC Spruce grouse Canachites canadensis LC Willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus LC Rock ptarmigan Lagopus muta LC White tailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucura LC Greater sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus NT Gunnison sage grouse Centrocercus minimus EM EN Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus LC Sooty grouse Dendragapus fuliginosus LC Sharp tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus LC Greater prairie chicken Tympanuchus cupido EM note 2 15 16 NT Lesser prairie chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus EM VU Gray partridge Perdix perdix I LC Ring necked pheasant Phasianus colchicus I LC Kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelanos I LC Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus I LC Gray francolin Ortygornis pondicerianus I LC Black francolin Francolinus francolinus I LC Red junglefowl Gallus gallus I All U S territories AS GU MP PR VI UM LC Himalayan snowcock Tetraogallus himalayensis I LC Chukar Alectoris chukar I LC Erckel s francolin Pternistis erckelii I LC Blue breasted quail Synoicus chinensis Guam I LC Japanese quail Coturnix japonica I NTFlamingos edit nbsp American flamingoOrder Phoenicopteriformes Family PhoenicopteridaeFlamingos are gregarious wading birds usually 3 to 5 feet 0 9 to 1 5 m tall found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres Flamingos filter feed on shellfish and algae Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and uniquely are used upside down American flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber LCGrebes edit nbsp Clark s grebeOrder Podicipediformes Family PodicipedidaeGrebes are small to medium large freshwater diving birds They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers However they have their feet placed far back on the body making them quite ungainly on land Least grebe Tachybaptus dominicus LC Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Northern Mariana Islands A LC Pied billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps LC Horned grebe Podiceps auritus VU Red necked grebe Podiceps grisegena LC Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis LC Western grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis LC Clark s grebe Aechmophorus clarkii LCSandgrouse editOrder Pterocliformes Family PteroclidaeSandgrouse have small pigeon like heads and necks but sturdy compact bodies They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight Their legs are feathered down to the toes Chestnut bellied sandgrouse Pterocles exustus I LCPigeons and doves edit nbsp Mourning dove nbsp Many colored fruit doveOrder Columbiformes Family ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere They feed on seeds fruit and plants Unlike most other birds the doves and pigeons produce crop milk which is secreted by a sloughing of fluid filled cells from the lining of the crop Both sexes produce the highly nutritious substance to feed to the young Rock pigeon Columba livia I LC Scaly naped pigeon Patagioenas squamosa A LC White crowned pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala NT Red billed pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris LC Plain pigeon Patagioenas inornata Puerto Rico NT Band tailed pigeon Patagioenas fasciata LC European turtle dove Streptopelia turtur Single vagrant record in 2001 VU 17 Oriental turtle dove Streptopelia orientalis C LC Philippine collared dove Streptopelia dusumieri Guam Northern Mariana Islands I VU Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto I LC African collared dove Streptopelia roseogrisea Puerto Rico I LC Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis I LC Shy ground dove Alopecoenas stairi American Samoa VU White throated ground dove Alopecoenas xanthonurus Guam Northern Mariana Islands NT Diamond dove Geopelia cuneata Puerto Rico I LC Zebra dove Geopelia striata I LC Passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius E EX Inca dove Columbina inca LC Common ground dove Columbina passerina LC Ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti LC Ruddy quail dove Geotrygon montana A LC Key West quail dove Geotrygon chrysia C LC Bridled quail dove Geotrygon mystacea Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands A VU White tipped dove Leptotila verreauxi LC White winged dove Zenaida asiatica LC Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita A LC Mourning dove Zenaida macroura LC Many colored fruit dove Ptilinopus perousii American Samoa LC Crimson crowned fruit dove Ptilinopus porphyraceus American Samoa LC Mariana fruit dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla Northern Mariana Islands extirpated from Guam ENM EN Pacific imperial pigeon Ducula pacifica American Samoa LCCuckoos edit nbsp Black billed cuckooOrder Cuculiformes Family CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos roadrunners and anis These birds are of variable size with slender bodies long tails and strong legs Greater ani Crotophaga major U S Virgin Islands A LC Smooth billed ani Crotophaga ani LC Groove billed ani Crotophaga sulcirostris LC Greater roadrunner Geococcyx californianus LC Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus LC Oriental cuckoo Cuculus optatus C LC Chestnut winged cuckoo Clamator coromandus Guam A LC Dark billed cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus A LC Yellow billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus LC Mangrove cuckoo Coccyzus minor LC Black billed cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus LC Puerto Rican lizard cuckoo Coccyzus vielloti Puerto Rico EP LC Long tailed koel Urodynamis tailtensis American Samoa U S Minor Outlying Islands note 3 LCNightjars and allies edit nbsp Common nighthawkOrder Caprimulgiformes Family CaprimulgidaeNightjars are medium sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground They have long wings short legs and very short bills Most have small feet of little use for walking and long pointed wings Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves Lesser nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis LC Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor LC Antillean nighthawk Chordeiles gundlachii LC Common pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis LC Common poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii LC Chuck will s widow Antrostomus carolinensis NT Buff collared nightjar Antrostomus ridgwayi LC Eastern whip poor will Antrostomus vociferus NT Mexican whip poor will Antrostomus arizonae LC Puerto Rican nightjar Antrostomus noctitherus Puerto Rico EP EN White tailed nightjar Hydropsalis cayennensis Puerto Rico A LC Gray nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka A LCPotoos editOrder Caprimulgiformes Family NyctibiidaePotoos are a group of large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths These are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars Northern potoo Nyctibius jamaicensis Puerto Rico A LCSwifts edit nbsp Chimney swiftOrder Apodiformes Family ApodidaeThe swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground perching instead only on vertical surfaces Many swifts have long swept back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang Black swift Cypseloides niger VU White collared swift Streptoprocne zonaris C LC Chimney swift Chaetura pelagica VU Vaux s swift Chaetura vauxi LC Short tailed swift Chaetura brachyura U S Virgin Islands LC White throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus A LC White rumped swiftlet Aerodramus spodiopygius American Samoa LC Uniform swiftlet Aerodramus vanikorensis Guam LC Mariana swiftlet Aerodramus bartschi I note 4 EN Caroline Islands swiftlet Aerodramus inquietus Guam Northern Mariana Islands LC Common swift Apus apus A LC Fork tailed swift Apus pacificus A LC Alpine swift Apus melba Puerto Rico A LC White throated swift Aeronautes saxatalis LC Antillean palm swift Tachornis phoenicobia A LCHummingbirds edit nbsp Ruby throated hummingbirdOrder Apodiformes Family TrochilidaeHummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid air due to the rapid flapping of their wings They are the only birds that can fly backwards Mexican violetear Colibri thalassinus LC Green breasted mango Anthracothorax prevostii C LC Puerto Rican mango Anthracothorax aurulentus Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands LC Green mango Anthracothorax viridis Puerto Rico EP LC Purple throated carib Eulampis jugularis Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands A LC Green throated carib Eulampis holosericeus Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands LC Rivoli s hummingbird Eugenes fulgens Not yet assessed by the IUCN Plain capped starthroat Heliomaster constantii C LC Amethyst throated mountain gem Lampornis amethystinus A LC Blue throated mountain gem Lampornis clemenciae LC Bahama woodstar Calliphlox evelynae A LC Lucifer hummingbird Calothorax lucifer LC Ruby throated hummingbird Archilochus colubris LC Black chinned hummingbird Archilochus alexandri LC Vervain hummingbird Mellisuga minima Puerto Rico A LC Anna s hummingbird Calypte anna LC Costa s hummingbird Calypte costae LC Calliope hummingbird Selasphorus calliope LC Rufous hummingbird Selasphorus rufus NT Allen s hummingbird Selasphorus sasin LC Broad tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus LC Bumblebee hummingbird Selasphorus heloisa A LC Puerto Rican emerald Riccordia maugeaus Puerto Rico EP LC Broad billed hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris LC White eared Hummingbird Basilinna leucotis LC Xantus s hummingbird Basilinna xantusii A LC Antillean crested hummingbird Orthorhyncus cristatus Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands LC Violet crowned hummingbird Ramosomyia violiceps LC Berylline hummingbird Amazilia beryllina LC Cinnamon hummingbird Amazilia rutila A LC Buff bellied hummingbird Amazilia yucatanensis LCRails gallinules and coots edit nbsp King railOrder Gruiformes Family RallidaeRallidae is a large family of small to medium sized birds which includes the rails crakes coots and gallinules The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes swamps or rivers In general they are shy and secretive birds making them difficult to observe Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces They tend to have short rounded wings and to be weak fliers Paint billed crake Neocrex erythrops A LC Spotted rail Pardirallus maculatus A LC Rufous necked wood rail Aramides axillaris A LC Ridgway s rail Rallus obsoletus NT Clapper rail Rallus crepitans LC King rail Rallus elegans NT Virginia rail Rallus limicola LC Corn crake Crex crex C LC Sora Porzana carolina LC Common gallinule Gallinula galeata LC Eurasian moorhen Gallinula chloropus Guam Northern Mariana Islands LC Eurasian coot Fulica atra A LC Hawaiian coot Fulica alai EH VU American coot Fulica americana LC Purple gallinule Porphyrio martinicus LC Purple swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio I LC Black backed swamphen Porphyrio indicus American Samoa Not yet assessed by the IUCN Australasian swamphen Porphyrio melanotus American Samoa Not yet assessed by the IUCN White browed crake Poliolimnas cinereus formerly Guam Ex LC Yellow rail Coturnicops noveboracensis LC Yellow breasted crake Hapalocrex flaviventer Puerto Rico LC Black rail Laterallus jamaicensis EN Buff banded rail Gallirallus philippensis American Samoa LC Guam rail Gallirallus owstoni Guam Northern Mariana Islands EG ENM CR Wake Island rail Gallirallus wakensis U S Minor Outlying Islands Wake Island EU E EX Laysan rail Zapornia palmeri EH E EX Hawaiian rail Zapornia sandwichensis EH E EX Spotless crake Zapornia tabuensis American Samoa LCFinfoots editOrder Gruiformes Family HeliornithidaeFinfoots resemble rails they have long necks slender bodies broad tails and sharp pointed bills Their legs and feet are brightly colored The family has three species and only the sungrebe is found in the New World Sungrebe Heliornis fulica A LCLimpkin edit nbsp LimpkinOrder Gruiformes Family AramidaeThe limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail but is skeletally closer to the cranes It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean South America and southern Florida Limpkin Aramus guarauna LCCranes edit nbsp Sandhill cranesOrder Gruiformes Family GruidaeCranes are large long legged and long necked birds Unlike the similar looking but unrelated herons cranes fly with necks outstretched not pulled back Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or dances Sandhill crane Antigone canadensis LC Common crane Grus grus C LC Whooping crane Grus americana EN Hooded crane Grus monacha A VUThick knees editOrder Charadriiformes Family BurhinidaeThe thick knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow black bills large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage Despite being classed as waders most species have a preference for arid or semi arid habitats Double striped thick knee Burhinus bistriatus A LCStilts and avocets edit nbsp American avocetOrder Charadriiformes Family RecurvirostridaeRecurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts The avocets have long legs and long up curved bills The stilts have extremely long legs and long thin straight bills Black winged stilt Himantopus himantopus note 5 LC Black necked stilt Himantopus mexicanus LC American avocet Recurvirostra americana LCOystercatchers edit nbsp American oystercatcherOrder Charadriiformes Family HaematopodidaeThe oystercatchers are large obvious and noisy plover like birds with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs Eurasian oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus A NT American oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus LC Black oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani LCPlovers and lapwings edit nbsp KilldeerOrder Charadriiformes Family CharadriidaeThe family Charadriidae includes the plovers dotterels and lapwings They are small to medium sized birds with compact bodies short thick necks and long usually pointed wings They are found in open country worldwide mostly in habitats near water Northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus C NT Masked lapwing Vanellus miles American Samoa A LC Black bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola LC European golden plover Pluvialis apricaria C LC American golden plover Pluvialis dominica LC Pacific golden plover Pluvialis fulva LC Eurasian dotterel Charadrius morinellus C LC Killdeer Charadrius vociferus LC Common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula LC Semipalmated plover Charadrius semipalmatus LC Piping plover Charadrius melodus NT Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius A LC Lesser sand plover Charadrius mongolus LC Greater sand plover Charadrius leschenaultii A LC Wilson s plover Charadrius wilsonia LC Collared plover Charadrius collaris A LC Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus Guam Northern Mariana Islands LC Snowy plover Charadrius nivosus NT Mountain plover Charadrius montanus NTJacanas editOrder Charadriiformes Family JacanidaeThe jacanas are a family of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat Pheasant tailed jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus Northern Mariana Islands A LC Northern jacana Jacana spinosa C LCSandpipers and allies edit nbsp Ruddy turnstone nbsp Greater yellowlegs nbsp Red necked phalaropeOrder Charadriiformes Family ScolopacidaeScolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium sized shorebirds including the sandpipers curlews godwits shanks tattlers woodcocks snipes dowitchers and phalaropes The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat particularly on the coast without direct competition for food Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda LC Bristle thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis NT Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus LC Little curlew Numenius minutus A LC Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis Possibly extinct CR Long billed curlew Numenius americanus LC Far Eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis C EN Slender billed curlew Numenius tenuirostris A CR Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata C NT Bar tailed godwit Limosa lapponica NT Black tailed godwit Limosa limosa NT Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica LC Marbled godwit Limosa fedoa LC Ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres LC Black turnstone Arenaria melanocephala LC Great knot Calidris tenuirostris C EN Red knot Calidris canutus LC Surfbird Calidris virgata LC Ruff Calidris pugnax LC Broad billed sandpiper Limicola falcinellus C LC Sharp tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata LC Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus LC Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea NT Temminck s stint Calidris temminckii A LC Long toed stint Calidris subminuta LC Spoon billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea C CR Red necked stint Calidris ruficollis NT Sanderling Calidris alba LC Dunlin Calidris alpina LC Rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis LC Purple sandpiper Calidris maritima LC Baird s sandpiper Calidris bairdii LC Little stint Calidris minuta C LC Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla LC White rumped sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis LC Buff breasted sandpiper Calidris subruficollis NT Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos LC Semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla NT Western sandpiper Calidris mauri LC Short billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus LC Long billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus LC Jack snipe Lymnocryptes minimus C LC Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola A LC American woodcock Scolopax minor LC Latham s snipe Gallinago hardwickii Guam A LC Solitary snipe Gallinago solitaria A LC Pin tailed snipe Gallinago stenura A LC Common snipe Gallinago gallinago LC Wilson s snipe Gallinago delicata LC Swinhoe s snipe Gallinago megala Guam Northern Mariana Islands LC Terek sandpiper Xenus cinereus LC Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos LC Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularius LC Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus C LC Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria LC Gray tailed tattler Tringa brevipes NT Wandering tattler Tringa incana LC Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes LC Willet Tringa semipalmata LC Spotted redshank Tringa erythropus C LC Common greenshank Tringa nebularia LC Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca LC Common redshank Tringa totanus A LC Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola LC Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis A LC Wilson s phalarope Phalaropus tricolor LC Red necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus LC Red phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius LCPratincoles and coursers editOrder Charadriiformes Family GlareolidaeThe pratincoles have short legs very long pointed wings and long forked tails Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows although they can also feed on the ground Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding Their flight is fast and graceful like that of a swallow or a tern with many twists and turns to pursue their prey Oriental pratincole Glareola maldivarum A LCSkuas and jaegers edit nbsp Long tailed jaegerOrder Charadriiformes Family StercorariidaeSkuas are in general medium to large birds typically with gray or brown plumage often with white markings on the wings They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws They look like large dark gulls but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible They are strong acrobatic fliers Great skua Stercorarius skua LC South polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki LC Pomarine jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus LC Parasitic jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus LC Long tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus LCAuks murres and puffins editOrder Charadriiformes Family AlcidaeAlcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black and white colors their upright posture and some of their habits However they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly Auks live on the open sea only deliberately coming ashore to nest Dovekie Alle alle LC Common murre Uria aalge LC Thick billed murre Uria lomvia LC Razorbill Alca torda NT Great auk Pinguinus impennis E EX Black guillemot Cepphus grylle LC Pigeon guillemot Cepphus columba LC Long billed murrelet Brachyramphus perdix A NT Marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus EN Kittlitz s murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris A NT Scripps s murrelet Synthliboramphus scrippsi VU Guadalupe murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus EN Craveri s murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri VU Ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus LC Japanese murrelet Synthliboramphus wumizusume U S Minor Outlying Islands A VU Cassin s auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus NT Parakeet auklet Aethia psittacula LC Least auklet Aethia pusilla LC Whiskered auklet Aethia pygmaea LC Crested auklet Aethia cristatella LC Rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata LC Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica VU Horned puffin Fratercula corniculata LC Tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata LCGulls terns and skimmers edit nbsp A western gull in front of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco nbsp Common tern nbsp Black skimmerOrder Charadriiformes Family LaridaeLaridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls terns and skimmers Gulls are typically gray or white often with black markings on the head or wings They have stout longish bills and webbed feet Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage often with black markings on the head Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water Terns are generally long lived birds with several species known to live in excess of 30 years Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern like birds They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish Swallow tailed gull Creagrus furcatus A LC Black legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla VU Red legged kittiwake Rissa brevirostris VU Ivory gull Pagophila eburnea NT Sabine s gull Xema sabini LC Bonaparte s gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia LC Silver gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae U S Minor Outlying Islands A LC Gray hooded gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus A LC Black headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus LC Little gull Hydrocoloeus minutus LC Ross s gull Rhodostethia rosea LC Laughing gull Leucophaeus atricilla LC Franklin s gull Leucophaeus pipixcan LC Pallas s gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus LC Belcher s gull Larus belcheri A LC Black tailed gull Larus crassirostris C LC Heermann s gull Larus heermanni NT Common gull Larus canus LC Short billed gull Larus brachyrhynchus Ring billed gull Larus delawarensis LC Western gull Larus occidentalis LC Yellow footed gull Larus livens LC California gull Larus californicus LC Herring gull Larus argentatus LC Yellow legged gull Larus cachinnans C LC Iceland gull Larus glaucoides LC Lesser black backed gull Larus fuscus LC Slaty backed gull Larus schistisagus LC Glaucous winged gull Larus glaucescens LC Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus LC Great black backed gull Larus marinus LC Kelp gull Larus dominicanus C LC Brown noddy Anous stolidus LC Black noddy Anous minutus LC Blue gray noddy Anous ceruleus LC White tern Gygis alba LC Sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus LC Gray backed tern Onychoprion lunatus American Samoa Northern Mariana Islands U S Minor Outlying Islands LC Bridled tern Onychoprion anaethetus LC Aleutian tern Onychoprion aleuticus VU Little tern Sternula albifrons C LC Least tern Sternula antillarum LC Large billed tern Phaetusa simplex A LC Gull billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica LC Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia LC Black tern Chlidonias niger LC White winged tern Chlidonias leucopterus C LC Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida A LC Roseate tern Sterna dougallii LC Black naped tern Sterna sumatrana American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands A LC Common tern Sterna hirundo LC Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea LC Forster s tern Sterna forsteri LC Royal tern Thalasseus maximus LC Great crested tern Thalasseus bergii A LC Sandwich tern Sterna sandvicensis LC Elegant tern Thalasseus elegans NT Black skimmer Rynchops niger LCTropicbirds edit nbsp Red tailed tropicbirdOrder Phaethontiformes Family PhaethontidaeTropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers Their long wings have black markings as does the head White tailed tropicbird Phaethon lepturus LC Red billed tropicbird Phaethon aethereus LC Red tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda LCLoons edit nbsp Pacific loonOrder Gaviiformes Family GaviidaeLoons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck to which they are unrelated Their plumage is largely gray or black and they have spear shaped bills Loons swim well and fly adequately but are almost hopeless on land because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body Red throated loon Gavia stellata LC Arctic loon Gavia arctica LC Pacific loon Gavia pacifica LC Common loon Gavia immer LC Yellow billed loon Gavia adamsii NTAlbatrosses edit nbsp Black footed albatrossOrder Procellariiformes Family DiomedeidaeThe albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds and the great albatrosses of the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds Yellow nosed albatross Thalassar chlororhynchus C LC White capped albatross Thalassarche cauta C NT Chatham albatross Thalassarche eremita A VU Salvin s albatross Thalassarche salvini A VU Black browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris A LC Light mantled albatross Phoebetria palpebrata A NT Wandering albatross Diomedea exulans A VU Laysan albatross Phoebastria immutabilis NT Black footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes NT Short tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus VUSouthern storm petrels edit nbsp Wilson s storm petrelOrder Procellariiformes Family OceanitidaeThe storm petrels are the smallest seabirds relatives of the petrels feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface typically while hovering The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat like Until 2018 these species were included with the other storm petrels in family Hydrobatidae Wilson s storm petrel Oceanites oceanicus LC White faced storm petrel Pelagodroma marina LC Black bellied storm petrel Fregetta tropica A LC Polynesian storm petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosa American Samoa note 6 ENNorthern storm petrels editOrder Procellariiformes Family HydrobatidaeThough the members of the family are similar in many respects to the southern storm petrels including their general appearance and habits there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family European storm petrel Hydrobates pelagicus C LC Fork tailed storm petrel Hydrobates furcatus LC Ringed storm petrel Hydrobates hornbyi A NT Swinhoe s storm petrel Hydrobates monorhis A NT Leach s storm petrel Hydrobates leucorhous VU Townsend s storm petrel Hydrobates socorroensis EN Ashy storm petrel Hydrobates homochroa EN Band rumped storm petrel Hydrobates castro LC Wedge rumped storm petrel Hydrobates tethys C LC Black storm petrel Hydrobates melania LC Tristram s storm petrel Hydrobates tristrami LC Least storm petrel Hydrobates microsoma VU Matsudaira s storm petrel Oceanodroma matsudairae Guam Northern Mariana Islands VUShearwaters and petrels edit nbsp Northern fulmar nbsp Cook s petrel nbsp Great shearwaterOrder Procellariiformes Family ProcellariidaeThe procellariids are the main group of medium sized true petrels characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary Northern giant petrel Macronectes halli A LC Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis LC Gray faced petrel Pterodroma gouldi A LC Providence petrel Pterodroma solandri C VU Kermadec petrel Pterodroma neglecta C LC Trindade petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana VU Herald petrel Pterodroma heraldica C LC Murphy s petrel Pterodroma ultima LC Mottled petrel Pterodroma inexpectata NT Bermuda petrel Pterodroma cahow EN Black capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata EN Juan Fernandez petrel Pterodroma externa VU Hawaiian petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis VU White necked petrel Pterodroma cervicalis VU Bonin petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca LC Black winged petrel Pterodroma nigripennis LC Fea s petrel Pterodroma feae NT Zino s petrel Pterodroma madeira A VU Cook s petrel Pterodroma cookii VU Gould s petrel Pterodroma leucoptera American Samoa VU Collared petrel Pterodroma brevipes American Samoa VU Stejneger s petrel Pterodroma longirostris C VU Phoenix petrel Pterodroma alba American Samoa U S Minor Outlying Islands EN Tahiti petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata A NT Bulwer s petrel Bulweria bulwerii LC Jouanin s petrel Bulweria fallax A NT White chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis A VU Parkinson s petrel Procellaria parkinsoni A VU Streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas C NT Cory s shearwater Calonectris diomedea LC Cape Verde shearwater Calonectris edwardsii A NT Wedge tailed shearwater Ardenna pacifica LC Buller s shearwater Ardenna bulleri VU Short tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris LC Sooty shearwater Ardenna grisea NT Great shearwater Ardenna gravis LC Pink footed shearwater Ardenna creatopus VU Flesh footed shearwater Ardenna carneipes LC Christmas shearwater Puffinus nativitatis NT Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus LC Townsend s shearwater Puffinus auricularis CR Newell s shearwater Puffinus newelli CR Bryan s shearwater Puffinus bryani A CR Black vented shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas NT Little shearwater Puffinus assimilis U S Minor Outlying Islands LC Audubon s shearwater Puffinus lherminieri LC Tropical shearwater Puffinus bailloni American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands U S Minor Outlying Islands LC Barolo shearwater Puffinus baroli A Not yet assessed by the IUCN Storks edit nbsp Wood storkOrder Ciconiiformes Family CiconiidaeStorks are large heavy long legged long necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime Storks lack a pharynx and are mute Jabiru Jabiru mycteria C LC Wood stork Mycteria americana LCFrigatebirds edit nbsp Magnificent frigatebirdOrder Suliformes Family FregatidaeFrigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans They are large black or black and white with long wings and deeply forked tails The males have colored inflatable throat pouches They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface Having the largest wingspan to body weight ratio of any bird they are essentially aerial able to stay aloft for more than a week Lesser frigatebird Fregata ariel C LC Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens LC Great frigatebird Fregata minor LCBoobies and gannets edit nbsp Blue footed boobyOrder Suliformes Family SulidaeThe sulids comprise the gannets and boobies Both groups are medium large coastal seabirds that plunge dive for fish Masked booby Sula dactylatra LC Nazca booby Sula granti C LC Blue footed booby Sula nebouxii C LC Brown booby Sula leucogaster LC Red footed booby Sula sula LC Abbott s booby Papasula abbotti Northern Mariana Islands A EN Northern gannet Morus bassanus LCAnhingas edit nbsp AnhingaOrder Suliformes Family AnhingidaeAnhingas are cormorant like water birds with very long necks and long straight beaks They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water Anhinga Anhinga anhinga LCCormorants and shags edit nbsp Double crested cormorantOrder Suliformes Family PhalacrocoracidaeCormorants are medium to large aquatic birds usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face The bill is long thin and sharply hooked Their feet are four toed and webbed Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos Northern Mariana Islands A LC Brandt s cormorant Urile penicillatus LC Red faced cormorant Urile urile LC Pelagic cormorant Urile pelagicus LC Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo LC Double crested cormorant Nannopterum auritum LC Neotropic cormorant Nannopterum brasilianum LCPelicans edit nbsp Brown pelicanOrder Pelecaniformes Family PelecanidaePelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes they have four webbed toes American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos LC Brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis LCHerons egrets and bitterns edit nbsp Snowy egretOrder Pelecaniformes Family ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the herons egrets and bitterns Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted unlike other long necked birds such as storks ibises and spoonbills American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus LC Yellow bittern Ixobrychus sinensis A LC Cinnamon bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Northern Mariana Islands A LC Black bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Guam A LC Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis LC Bare throated tiger heron Tigrisoma mexicanum A LC Great blue heron Ardea herodias LC Gray heron Ardea cinerea A LC Great egret Ardea alba LC Intermediate egret Ardea intermedia A LC White faced heron Egretta novaehollandiae American Samoa A LC Chinese egret Egretta eulophotes A VU Little egret Egretta garzetta C LC Western reef heron Egretta gularis A LC Pacific reef heron Egretta sacra American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands LC Snowy egret Egretta thula LC Little blue heron Egretta caerulea LC Tricolored heron Egretta tricolor LC Reddish egret Egretta rufescens NT Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis LC Chinese pond heron Ardeola bacchus A LC Green heron Butorides virescens LC Striated heron Butorides striata Puerto Rico A LC Black crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax LC Nankeen night heron Nycticorax caledonicus Northern Mariana Islands A LC Yellow crowned night heron Nyctanassa violacea LCIbises and spoonbills edit nbsp Glossy ibisOrder Pelecaniformes Family ThreskiornithidaeThe family Threskiornithidae includes the ibises and spoonbills They have long broad wings Their bodies tend to be elongated the neck more so with rather long legs The bill is also long decurved in the case of the ibises straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills White ibis Eudocimus albus LC Scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber A LC Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus LC White faced ibis Plegadis chihi LC Roseate spoonbill Platalea ajaja LC African sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus I LCNew World vultures edit nbsp Turkey vultureOrder Cathartiformes Family CathartidaeThe New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution Like the Old World vultures they are scavengers However unlike Old World vultures which find carcasses by sight New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses California condor Gymnogyps californianus Ex note 7 18 19 20 21 CR Black vulture Coragyps atratus LC Turkey vulture Cathartes aura LCOsprey editOrder Accipitriformes Family PandionidaePandionidae is a monotypic family of fish eating birds of prey Its single species possesses a very large and powerful hooked beak strong legs strong talons and keen eyesight Osprey Pandion haliaetus LCHawks eagles and kites edit nbsp American goshawk nbsp Red shouldered hawk nbsp A five year old golden eagleOrder Accipitriformes Family AccipitridaeAccipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks eagles kites harriers and Old World vultures These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey strong legs powerful talons and keen eyesight White tailed kite Elanus leucurus LC Hook billed kite Chondrohierax uncinatus LC Swallow tailed kite Elanoides forficatus LC Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos LC Double toothed kite Harpagus bidentatus A LC Gray faced buzzard Butastur indicus Guam A LC Northern harrier Circus hudsonius LC Western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus A LC Eastern marsh harrier Circus spilonotus Northern Mariana Islands A LC Hen harrier Circus cyaneus U S Minor Outlying Islands A LC Chinese sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis A LC Sharp shinned hawk Accipiter striatus LC Cooper s hawk Accipiter cooperii LC Eurasian goshawk Accipiter gentilis A LC American goshawk Accipiter atricapillus LC Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus A LC Black kite Milvus migrans A LC Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus LC White tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla C LC Steller s sea eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus C VU Mississippi kite Ictinia mississippiensis LC Crane hawk Geranospiza caerulescens A LC Snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis LC Common black hawk Buteogallus anthracinus LC Great black hawk Buteogallus urubitinga A LC Roadside hawk Rupornis magnirostris C LC Harris s hawk Parabuteo unicinctus LC White tailed hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus LC Gray hawk Buteo plagiatus LC Red shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus LC Broad winged hawk Buteo platypterus LC Hawaiian hawk Buteo solitarius EH NT Short tailed hawk Buteo brachyurus LC Swainson s hawk Buteo swainsoni LC Zone tailed hawk Buteo albonotatus LC Red tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis LC Rough legged hawk Buteo lagopus LC Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis LC Long legged buzzard Buteo rufinus A LC Common buzzard Buteo buteo Northern Mariana Islands LC Eastern buzzard Buteo japonicus Northern Mariana Islands A LCBarn owls editOrder Strigiformes Family TytonidaeOwls in the family Tytonidae are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart shaped faces Barn owl Tyto alba LCOwls edit nbsp Barred owlOrder Strigiformes Family StrigidaeTypical or true owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey They have large forward facing eyes and ears a hawk like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk Oriental scops owl Otus sunia A LC Flammulated owl Psiloscops flammeolus LC Puerto Rican owl Gymnasio nudipes Puerto Rico EP LC Whiskered screech owl Megascops trichopsis LC Western screech owl Megascops kennicottii LC Eastern screech owl Megascops asio LC Great horned owl Bubo virginianus LC Snowy owl Bubo scandiacus VU Northern hawk owl Surnia ulula LC Northern pygmy owl Glaucidium gnoma LC Ferruginous pygmy owl Glaucidium brasilianum LC Elf owl Micrathene whitneyi LC Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia LC Mottled owl Strix virgata A LC Spotted owl Strix occidentalis NT Barred owl Strix varia LC Great gray owl Strix nebulosa LC Long eared owl Asio otus LC Stygian owl Asio stygius A LC Short eared owl Asio flammeus LC Boreal owl Aegolius funereus LC Northern saw whet owl Aegolius acadicus LC Northern boobook Ninox scutulata A LCTrogons edit nbsp Elegant trogonOrder Trogoniformes Family TrogonidaeTrogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide with the greatest diversity in Central and South America They feed on insects and fruit and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits Although their flight is fast they are reluctant to fly any distance Trogons do not migrate Trogons have soft often colorful feathers with distinctive male and female plumage They nest in holes in trees or termite nests laying white or pastel colored eggs Elegant trogon Trogon elegans LC Eared quetzal Euptilotis neoxenus C LCHoopoes editOrder Upupiformes Family UpupidaeHoopoes spend much time on the ground hunting insects and worms This black white and pink bird is quite unmistakable especially in its erratic flight which is like that of a giant butterfly The crest is erectile but is mostly kept closed It walks on the ground like a starling The song is a trisyllabic oop oop oop which gives rise to its English and scientific names Eurasian hoopoe Upupa epops A LCTodies editOrder Coraciiformes Family TodidaeTodies are a group of small near passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean These birds have colorful plumage and resembles kingfishers but have flattened bills with serrated edges They eat small prey such as insects and lizards Puerto Rican tody Todus mexicanus Puerto Rico EP LCKingfishers edit nbsp Ringed kingfisherOrder Coraciiformes Family AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium sized birds with large heads long pointed bills short legs and stubby tails Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis Guam A LC Pacific kingfisher Todiramphus sacer American Samoa Guam kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus Guam EG EW Collared kingfisher Todiramphus chloris American Samoa LC Mariana kingfisher Todiramphus albicilla Northern Mariana Islands ENM Ringed kingfisher Megaceryle torquata LC Belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon LC Amazon kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona A LC Green kingfisher Chloroceryle americana LCRollers editOrder Coraciiformes Family CoraciidaeRollers resemble crows in size and build but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee eaters They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating The two inner front toes are connected but the outer toe is not Oriental dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis Guam Northern Mariana Islands A LCWoodpeckers edit nbsp Red naped sapsucker nbsp Northern flickerOrder Piciformes Family PicidaeWoodpeckers are small to medium sized birds with chisel like beaks short legs stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward while several species have only three toes Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks Eurasian wryneck Jynx torquilla A LC Lewis s woodpecker Melanerpes lewis LC Puerto Rican woodpecker Melanerpes portoricensis Puerto Rico extirpated from U S Virgin Islands EP LC Red headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus LC Acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus LC Gila woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis LC Golden fronted woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons LC Red bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus LC Williamson s sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus LC Yellow bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius LC Red naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis LC Red breasted sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber LC American three toed woodpecker Picoides dorsalis LC Black backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus LC Great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major C LC Downy woodpecker Dryobates pubescens LC Nuttall s woodpecker Dryobates nuttallii LC Ladder backed woodpecker Dryobates scalaris LC Red cockaded woodpecker Dryobates borealis EM NT Hairy woodpecker Dryobates villosus LC White headed woodpecker Dryobates albolarvatus LC Arizona woodpecker Dryobates arizonae LC Northern flicker Colaptes auratus LC Gilded flicker Colaptes chrysoides LC Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus LC Ivory billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis E Ex CRFalcons and caracaras edit nbsp American kestrelOrder Falconiformes Family FalconidaeFalconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey notably the falcons and caracaras They differ from hawks eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons Collared forest falcon Micrastur semitorquatus A LC Crested caracara Caracara plancus LC Eurasian kestrel Falco tinnunculus C LC American kestrel Falco sparverius LC Red footed falcon Falco vespertinus A NT Amur falcon Falco amurensis Northern Mariana Islands A LC Merlin Falco columbarius LC Eurasian hobby Falco subbuteo C LC Aplomado falcon Falco femoralis LC Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus LC Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus LC Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus LCCockatoos edit nbsp Sulphur crested cockatooOrder Psittaciformes Family CacatuidaeCockatoos share many features with true parrots family Psittacidae including the characteristic curved beak shape and a zygodactyl foot with two forward toes and two backwards toes They differ however in a number of characteristics including the movable headcrest and their lack of the Dyck texture feather composition which gives many parrots their iridescent colors Cockatoos are also on average larger than the true parrots Tanimbar corella Cacatua goffiniana Puerto Rico I LC Sulphur crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita Puerto Rico I LC White cockatoo Cacatua alba Puerto Rico I ENNew World and African parrots edit nbsp Red crowned parrot nbsp Puerto Rican parrotOrder Psittaciformes Family PsittacidaeCharacteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill an upright stance strong legs and clawed zygodactyl feet Many parrots are vividly colored and some are multi colored In size they range from 8 cm 3 1 in to 1 m 3 3 ft in length Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World Monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus I LC Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis E EX Orange fronted parakeet Eupsittula canicularis Puerto Rico I LC Brown throated parakeet Eupsittula pertinax Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands I Ex LC Nanday parakeet Aratinga nenday I LC Green parakeet Psittacara holochlorus LC Puerto Rican parakeet Psittacara maugei Puerto Rico EP EX Hispaniolan parakeet Psittacara choloropterus Puerto Rico I VU Mitred parakeet Psittacara mitratus I LC Red masked parakeet Psittacara erythrogenys Puerto Rico I NT Thick billed parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Ex EN White winged parakeet Brotogeris versicolurus I LC Yellow chevroned parakeet Brotogeris chiriri I LC White fronted parrot Amazon albifrons Puerto Rico I LC Hispaniolan parrot Amazona ventralis Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands I VU Puerto Rican parrot Amazona vittata Puerto Rico EP CR Orange winged parrot Amazona amazonica Puerto Rico I LC Red crowned parrot Amazona viridigenalis I EN Yellow headed parrot Amazona oratrix Puerto Rico I ENOld World parrots editOrder Psittaciformes Family Psittaculidae nbsp Blue crowned lorikeetCharacteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill an upright stance strong legs and clawed zygodactyl feet Many parrots are vividly colored and some are multi colored In size they range from 8 cm 3 1 in to 1 m 3 3 ft in length Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri I LC Blue crowned lorikeet Vini australis American Samoa LC Rosy faced lovebird Agapornis roseicollis I LCTityras and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family TityridaeTityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly lumped with the families Pipridae and Cotingidae see Taxonomy As yet no widely accepted common name exists for the family although Tityras and allies and Tityras mourners and allies have been used They are small to medium sized birds Masked tityra Tityra semifasciata A LC Gray collared becard Pachyramphus major A LC Rose throated becard Pachyramphus aglaiae LCHoneyeaters editOrder Passeriformes Family Meliphagidae nbsp Micronesian myzomelaThe honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar feeding passerines Micronesian myzomela Myzomela rubratra Northern Mariana Islands extirpated from Guam LC Cardinal myzomela Myzomela cardinalis American Samoa extirpated from Guam LC Mao Gymnomyza samoensis American Samoa Ex EN Eastern wattled honeyeater Foulehaio carunculatus American Samoa LCCuckooshrikes editOrder Passeriformes Family CampephagidaeThe cuckooshrikes are small to medium sized passerine birds They are predominantly grayish with white and black although some species are brightly colored Ashy minivet Pericrocotus divaricatus Northern Mariana Islands A LCDrongos editOrder Passeriformes Family DicruridaeThe drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color sometimes with metallic tints They have long forked tails and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations They have short legs and sit very upright when perched like a shrike They flycatch or take prey from the ground Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Guam Northern Mariana Islands I LCFantails editOrder Passeriformes Family RhipiduridaeThe fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders Rufous fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Guam Northern Mariana Islands Ex LCTyrant flycatchers edit nbsp Willow flycatcher nbsp Vermilion flycatcher nbsp Eastern kingbirdOrder Passeriformes Family TyrannidaeTyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers but are more robust and have stronger bills They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds Most but not all are rather plain As the name implies most are insectivorous Northern beardless tyrannulet Camptostoma imberbe LC Greenish elaenia Myiopagis viridicata A LC Small billed elaenia Elaenia parvirostris A LC Caribbean elaenia Elaenia martinica Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands LC White crested elaenia Elaenia albiceps A LC Dusky capped flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer LC Ash throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens LC Nutting s flycatcher Myiarchus nuttingi LC Great crested flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus LC Brown crested flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus LC La Sagra s flycatcher Myiarchus sagrae LC Stolid flycatcher Myiarchus stolidus U S Virgin Islands A LC Puerto Rican flycatcher Myiarchus antillarum Puerto Rico EP LC Great kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus LC Social flycatcher Myiozetetes similis A LC Sulphur bellied flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris LC Piratic flycatcher Legatus leucophaius C LC Variegated flycatcher Empidonomus varius A LC Crowned slaty flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus A LC Tropical kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus LC Couch s kingbird Tyrannus couchii LC Cassin s kingbird Tyrannus vociferans LC Thick billed kingbird Tyrannus crassirostris LC Western kingbird Tyrannus verticalis LC Eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus LC Gray kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis LC Loggerhead kingbird Tyrannus caudifasciatus A LC Scissor tailed flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus LC Fork tailed flycatcher Tyrannus savana LC Tufted flycatcher Mitrephanes phaeocercus C LC Olive sided flycatcher Contopus cooperi NT Greater pewee Contopus pertinax LC Western wood pewee Contopus sordidulus LC Eastern wood pewee Contopus virens LC Cuban pewee Contopus caribaeus A LC Hispaniolan pewee Contopus hispaniolensis Puerto Rico A LC Lesser Antillean pewee Contopus latirostris Puerto Rico LC Yellow bellied flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris LC Acadian flycatcher Empidonax virescens LC Alder flycatcher Empidonax alnorum LC Willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii LC Least flycatcher Empidonax minimus LC Hammond s flycatcher Empidonax hammondii LC Gray flycatcher Empidonax wrightii LC Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri LC Pine flycatcher Empidonax affinis A LC Western flycatcher Empidonax difficilis LC Black phoebe Sayornis nigricans LC Eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe LC Say s phoebe Sayornis saya LC Vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus LCVireos shrike babblers and erpornis edit nbsp Yellow throated vireoOrder Passeriformes Family VireonidaeThe vireos are a group of small to medium sized passerine birds mostly restricted to the New World though a few other species in the family are found in Asia They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills Black capped vireo Vireo atricapilla NT White eyed vireo Vireo griseus LC Thick billed vireo Vireo crassirostris C LC Cuban vireo Vireo gundlachii A LC Puerto Rican vireo Vireo latimeri Puerto Rico EP LC Bell s vireo Vireo bellii LC Gray vireo Vireo vicinior LC Hutton s vireo Vireo huttoni LC Yellow throated vireo Vireo flavifrons LC Cassin s vireo Vireo cassinii LC Blue headed vireo Vireo solitarius LC Plumbeous vireo Vireo plumbeus LC Philadelphia vireo Vireo philadelphicus LC Warbling vireo Vireo gilvus LC Red eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus LC Yellow green vireo Vireo flavoviridis LC Black whiskered vireo Vireo altiloquus LC Yucatan vireo Vireo magister A LCMonarch flycatchers edit nbsp Hawaii elepaioOrder Passeriformes Family MonarchidaeThe Monarchinae are a relatively recent grouping of a number of seemingly very different birds mostly from the Southern Hemisphere which are more closely related than they at first appear Many of the approximately 140 species making up the family were previously assigned to other groups largely on the basis of general morphology or behavior With the new insights generated by the DNA DNA hybridisation studies of Sibley and his co workers toward the end of the 20th century however it became clear that these apparently unrelated birds were all descended from a common ancestor The Monarchinae are small to medium sized insectivorous passerines many of which hunt by flycatching Five of the species listed below three species endemic to Hawaii one species found in American Samoa and one species endemic to the Northern Mariana Islands represent the group in the United States One species the Guam flycatcher is extinct because of the introduced brown tree snake on Guam Kauai elepaio Chasiempis sclateri EH VU Oahu elepaio Chasiempis ibidis EH EN Hawaii elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis EH VU Fiji shrikebill Clytorhynchus vitiensi American Samoa LC Tinian monarch Monarcha takatsukasae Northern Mariana Islands ENM VU Guam flycatcher Myiagra freycineti Guam EG E EXShrikes edit nbsp Northern shrikeOrder Passeriformes Family LaniidaeShrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns A shrike s beak is hooked like that of a typical bird of prey Brown shrike Lanius cristatus C LC Red backed shrike Lanius collurio A LC Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus NT Northern shrike Lanius borealis LCCrows jays and magpies edit nbsp Clark s nutcracker nbsp American crowOrder Passeriformes Family CorvidaeThe family Corvidae includes crows ravens jays choughs magpies treepies nutcrackers and ground jays Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence Since about 2012 nesting fish crows have increasingly been documented in Canada along the northwest shore of Lake Ontario so the species will probably soon no longer be considered endemic to the lower 48 U S states 22 Canada jay Perisoreus canadensis LC Brown jay Psilorhinus morio C LC Green jay Cyanocorax yncas LC Pinyon jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus VU Steller s jay Cyanocitta stelleri LC Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata LC Florida scrub jay Aphelocoma coerulescens EM VU Island scrub jay Aphelocoma insularis EM VU California scrub jay Aphelocoma californica Not yet assessed by the IUCN Woodhouse s scrub jay Aphelocoma woodhouseii Not yet assessed by the IUCN Mexican jay Aphelocoma wollweberi LC Clark s nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana LC Black billed magpie Pica hudsonia LC Yellow billed magpie Pica nuttalli EM VU Eurasian jackdaw Corvus monedula C LC Mariana crow Corvus kubaryi Guam Northern Mariana Islands CR American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos LC White necked crow Corvus leucognaphalus U S Minor Outlying Islands Puerto Rico Ex VU Tamaulipas crow Corvus imparatus LC Fish crow Corvus ossifragus EM LC Hawaiian crow Corvus hawaiiensis EH EW Chihuahuan raven Corvus cryptoleucus A LC Common raven Corvus corax LCPenduline tits edit nbsp VerdinOrder Passeriformes Family RemizidaeThe only member of this family in the New World the verdin is one of the smallest passerines in North America It is gray overall and adults have a bright yellow head and rufous shoulder patch the lesser coverts Verdins are insectivorous continuously foraging among the desert trees and scrubs They are usually solitary except when they pair up to construct their conspicuous nests Verdin Auriparus flaviceps LCTits chickadees and titmice edit nbsp Tufted titmouseOrder Passeriformes Family ParidaeThe Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills Some have crests They are adaptable birds with a mixed diet including seeds and insects Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis EM LC Black capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus LC Mountain chickadee Poecile gambeli LC Mexican chickadee Poecile sclateri LC Chestnut backed chickadee Poecile rufescens LC Boreal chickadee Poecile hudsonicus LC Gray headed chickadee Poecile cinctus LC Bridled titmouse Baeolophus wollweberi LC Oak titmouse Baeolophus inornatus LC Juniper titmouse Baeolophus ridgwayi LC Tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor LC Black crested titmouse Baeolophus atricristatus LCLarks edit nbsp Horned larkOrder Passeriformes Family AlaudidaeLarks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights Most larks are fairly dull in appearance Their food is insects and seeds Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis see note for occurrence note 8 23 LC Horned lark Eremophila alpestris LCReed warblers and allies edit nbsp nbsp Left Saipan reed warbler Right Millerbird Order Passeriformes Family AcrocephalidaeThe members of this family are usually rather large for warblers Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below They are usually found in open woodland reedbeds or tall grass The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings but also ranges far into the Pacific with some species in Africa Icterine warbler Hippolais icterina A Thick billed warbler Arundinax aedon A LC Millerbird Acrocephalus familiaris EH CR Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus A LC Icterine warbler Acrocephalus icterina A LC Blyth s reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum A LC Nightingale reed warbler Acrocephalus luscinius Guam EG E EX Saipan reed warbler Acrocephalus hiwae Northern Mariana Islands ENM CR Aguiguan reed warbler Acrocephalus nijoi Northern Mariana Islands ENM E EX Pagan reed warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae Northern Mariana Islands ENM E EXGrassbirds and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family LocustellidaeLocustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia Africa and the Australian region They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over Pallas s grasshopper warbler Helopsaltes certhiola A LC Middendorff s grasshopper warbler Helopsaltes ochotensis C LC Lanceolated warbler Locustella lanceolata A LC River warbler Locustella fluviatilis A LCSwallows edit nbsp Tree swallowOrder Passeriformes Family HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding They have a slender streamlined body long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking and the front toes are partially joined at the base Bank swallow Riparia riparia LC Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor LC Bahama swallow Tachycineta cyaneoviridis C EN Violet green swallow Tachycineta thalassina LC Mangrove swallow Tachycineta albilinea A LC Northern rough winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis LC Brown chested martin Progne tapera A LC Purple martin Progne subis LC Southern martin Progne elegans A LC Gray breasted martin Progne chalybea A LC Cuban martin Progne cryptoleuca A LC Caribbean martin Progne dominicensis Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands LC Barn swallow Hirundo rustica LC Common house martin Delichon urbica C LC Cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota LC Cave swallow Petrochelidon fulva LCLong tailed tits edit nbsp BushtitOrder Passeriformes Family AegithalidaeThe long tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails They make woven bag nests in trees Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus LCBush warblers and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family ScotocercidaeThe members of this family are found throughout Africa Asia and Polynesia Japanese bush warbler Horornis diphone I LCLeaf warblers editOrder Passeriformes Family PhylloscopidaeLeaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska The species are of various sizes often green plumaged above and yellow below or more subdued with grayish green to grayish brown colors Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus A LC Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita A LC Wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix A LC Dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus C LC Pallas s leaf warbler Phylloscopus proregulus A LC Yellow browed warbler Phylloscopus inornatus C LC Arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis LC Kamchatka leaf warbler Phylloscopus examinandus A LCBulbuls editOrder Passeriformes Family PycnonotidaeThe bulbuls are a family of medium sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer I LC Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus I LCSylviid warblers parrotbills and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family SylviidaeThe family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds They mainly occur as breeding species as the common name implies in Europe Asia and to a lesser extent Africa Most are of generally undistinguished appearance but many have distinctive songs Lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca A LC Wrentit Chamaea fasciata LCWhite eyes yuhinas and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family Zosteropidae nbsp Golden white eyeThe white eyes are small passerine birds native to tropical and sub tropical Africa southern Asia and Australasia The birds of this group are mostly of undistinguished appearance their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish olive but some species have a white or bright yellow throat breast or lower parts and several have buff flanks But as indicated by their scientific name derived from the Ancient Greek for girdle eye there is a conspicuous ring around the eyes of many species They have rounded wings and strong legs The size ranges up to 15 cm 6 inches in length All the species of white eyes are sociable forming large flocks which only separate on the approach of the breeding season Though mainly insectivorous they eat nectar and fruits of various kinds Golden white eye Cleptornis marchei Northern Mariana Islands ENM CR Warbling white eye Zosterops japonicus I LC Bridled white eye Zosterops conspicullatus Northern Mariana Islands Extirpated from Guam ENM EN Rota white eye Zosterops rotensis Northern Mariana Islands ENM CRLaughingthrushes editOrder Passeriformes Family LeiothrichidaeThe laughingthrushes are a large family of Old World passerine birds They are rather diverse in size and coloration but are characterized by soft fluffy plumage These birds have strong legs and many are quite terrestrial This group is not strongly migratory and most species have short rounded wings and a weak flight Greater necklaced laughingthrush Garrulax pectoralis I LC Hwamei Garrulax canorus I LC Red billed leiothrix Leiothrix lutea I LCKinglets edit nbsp Golden crowned kingletOrder Passeriformes Family RegulidaeThe kinglets and crests are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus Regulus The adults have colored crowns giving rise to their name Ruby crowned kinglet Corthylio calendula LC Golden crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa LCWaxwings edit nbsp Cedar waxwingOrder Passeriformes Family BombycillidaeThe waxwings are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name These are arboreal birds of northern forests They live on insects in summer and berries in winter Bohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus LC Cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum LCSilky flycatchers edit nbsp PhainopeplaOrder Passeriformes Family PtiliogonatidaeThe silky flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America They are related to waxwings and most species have small crests Gray silky flycatcher Ptiliogonys cinereus A LC Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens LCHawaiian honeyeaters edit nbsp The extinct Kauai ooOrder Passeriformes Family MohoidaeHawaiian honeyeaters prefer to flit quickly from perch to perch in the outer foliage stretching up or sideways or hanging upside down at need They have a highly developed brush tipped tongue which is frayed and fringed with bristles which soak up liquids readily The tongue is flicked rapidly and repeatedly into a flower the upper mandible then compressing any liquid out when the bill is closed All species of honeyeaters below were endemic to Hawaii but are now extinct The Kauai oo was the last species to survive and was last seen in 1987 Kauai oo Moho braccatus EH EX Oahu oo Moho apicalus EH EX Bishop s oo Moho bishopi EH EX Hawaii oo Moho nobilis EH EX Kioea Chaetoptila angustipluma EH EXNuthatches edit nbsp White breasted nuthatchOrder Passeriformes Family SittidaeNuthatches are small woodland birds They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first unlike other birds which can only go upwards Nuthatches have big heads short tails and powerful bills and feet Red breasted nuthatch Sitta canadensis LC White breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis LC Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea LC Brown headed nuthatch Sitta pusilla EM LCTreecreepers edit nbsp Brown creeperOrder Passeriformes Family CerthiidaeTreecreepers are small woodland birds brown above and white below They have thin pointed down curved bills which they use to extricate insects from bark They have stiff tail feathers like woodpeckers which they use to support themselves on vertical trees Brown creeper Certhia americana LCGnatcatchers edit nbsp Blue gray gnatcatcherOrder Passeriformes Family PolioptilidaeThese dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore s long sharp bill Many species have distinctive black head patterns especially males and long regularly cocked black and white tails Blue gray gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea LC Black tailed gnatcatcher Polioptila melanura LC California gnatcatcher Polioptila californica LC Black capped gnatcatcher Polioptila nigriceps LCWrens edit nbsp Carolina wrenOrder Passeriformes Family TroglodytidaeWrens are small and inconspicuous birds except for their loud songs They have short wings and thin down turned bills Several species often hold their tails upright All are insectivorous Rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus LC Canyon wren Catherpes mexicanus LC House wren Troglodytes aedon LC Pacific wren Troglodytes pacificus LC Winter wren Troglodytes hiemalis LC Sedge wren Cistothorus platensis LC Marsh wren Cistothorus palustris LC Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus LC Bewick s wren Thryomanes bewickii LC Cactus wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus LC Sinaloa wren Thryothorus sinaloa A LCMockingbirds and thrashers edit nbsp Northern mockingbirdOrder Passeriformes Family MimidaeThe mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers mockingbirds tremblers and the New World catbirds These birds are notable for their vocalization especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance Blue mockingbird Melanotis caerulescens A LC Gray catbird Dumetella carolinensis LC Pearly eyed thrasher Margarops fuscatus Puerto Rico LC Curve billed thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre LC Brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum LC Long billed thrasher Toxostoma longirostre LC Bendire s thrasher Toxostoma bendirei VU California thrasher Toxostoma redivivum LC LeConte s thrasher Toxostoma lecontei LC Crissal thrasher Toxostoma crissale LC Sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus LC Bahama mockingbird Mimus gundlachii C LC Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos LCStarlings edit nbsp An immature female European starlingOrder Passeriformes Family SturnidaeStarlings and mynas are small to medium sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious Their preferred habitat is fairly open country and they eat insects and fruit The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen Micronesian starling Aplonis opaca Guam Northern Mariana Islands ENM EG LC Polynesian starling Aplonis tabuensis American Samoa LC Samoan starling Alponis atrifusca American Samoa LC European starling Sturnus vulgaris I LC White cheeked starling Spodiopsar cineraceus Northern Mariana Islands A LC Common myna Acridotheres tristis I LC Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus American Samoa I LCDippers edit nbsp American dipperOrder Passeriformes Family CinclidaeDippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas Europe and Asia They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements These birds have adaptations which allows them to submerge and walk on the bottom to feed on insect larvae American dipper Cinclus mexicanus LCThrushes and allies edit nbsp Western bluebird nbsp Puaiohi nbsp American robinOrder Passeriformes Family TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World They are plump soft plumaged small to medium sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores often feeding on the ground Many have attractive songs Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis LC Western bluebird Sialia mexicana LC Mountain bluebird Sialia currucoides LC Townsend s solitaire Myadestes townsendi LC Brown backed solitaire Myadestes occidentalis A LC Kamao Myadestes myadestinus EH EX Amaui Myadestes woahensis EH EX Olomao Myadestes lanaiensis EH CR Omao Myadestes obscurus EH VU Puaiohi Myadestes palmeri EH CR Orange billed nightingale thrush Catharus aurantiirostris A LC Black headed nightingale thrush Catharus mexicanus A LC Veery Catharus fuscescens LC Gray cheeked thrush Catharus minimus LC Bicknell s thrush Catharus bicknelli VU Swainson s thrush Catharus ustulatus LC Hermit thrush Catharus guttatus LC Wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina LC Eurasian blackbird Turdus merula A LC Eyebrowed thrush Turdus obscurus LC Island thrush Turdus poliocephalus American Samoa LC Dusky thrush Turdus eunomus C LC Naumann s thrush Turdus naumanni A LC Fieldfare Turdus pilaris C LC Redwing Turdus iliacus C NT Song thrush Turdus philomelos A LC Clay colored thrush Turdus grayi LC White throated thrush Turdus assimilis C LC Rufous backed robin Turdus rufopalliatus LC American robin Turdus migratorius LC Red legged thrush Turdus plumbeus A LC Varied thrush Ixoreus naevius LC Aztec thrush Ridgwayia pinicola C LCOld World flycatchers editOrder Passeriformes Family MuscicapidaeThe Old World flycatchers form a large family of small passerine birds These are mainly small arboreal insectivores many of which as the name implies take their prey on the wing Gray streaked flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta C LC Asian brown flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica A LC Spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata A LC Dark sided flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica C LC White rumped shama Copsychus malabaricus I LC European robin Erithacus rubecula A LC Siberian blue robin Larvivora cyane A LC Rufous tailed robin Larvivora sibilans A LC Bluethroat Cyanecula svecica LC Siberian rubythroat Calliope calliope LC Red flanked bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus C LC Narcissus flycatcher Ficedula narcissina A LC Mugimaki flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki A LC Taiga flycatcher Ficedula albicilla C LC Common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus A LC Asian stonechat Saxicola maurus C LC Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe LC Pied wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka A LCOlive warbler editOrder Passeriformes Family PeucedramidaeThe olive warbler has a gray body with some olive green on the wings and two white wing bars The male s head and breast are orange and there is a black patch through the eye This is the only species in its family Olive warbler Peucedramus taeniatus LCWeavers and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family PloceidaeWeavers are a group of small passerine birds related to the finches These are seed eating birds with rounded conical bills most of which breed in sub Saharan Africa with fewer species in tropical Asia Weavers get their name from the large woven nests many species make They are gregarious birds which often breed colonially Northern red bishop Euplectes franciscanus Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands I note 9 LC Yellow crowned bishop Euplectes afer Puerto Rico I LCIndigobirds editOrder Passeriformes Family ViduidaeThe Viduidae is a family of small passerine birds native to Africa that includes indigobirds and whydahs All species are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches Species usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage Pin tailed whydah Vidua macroura Puerto Rico I LCWaxbills and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family EstrildidaeThe members of this family are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills They are all similar in structure and habits but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns Bronze mannikin Spermestes cucullata Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands I LC African silverbill Euodice cantans I LC Indian silverbill Euodice malabarica I LC Java sparrow Padda oryzivora I EN Scaly breasted munia Lonchura punctulata I LC Tricolored munia Lonchura malacca I LC Chestnut munia Lonchura atricapilla Guam Puerto Rico I LC Red avadavat Amandava amandava I LC Lavender waxbill Glaucestrilda caerulescens I LC Common waxbill Estrilda astrild I LCAccentors editOrder Passeriformes Family PrunellidaeAccentors are small fairly drab species superficially similar but unrelated to sparrows However accentors have thin sharp bills reflecting their diet of insects in summer augmented with seeds and berries in winter Siberian accentor Prunella montanella C LCOld World sparrows edit nbsp House sparrowOrder Passeriformes Family PasseridaeOld World sparrows are small passerine birds In general sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks Sparrows are seed eaters but they also consume small insects House sparrow Passer domesticus I LC Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus I LCWagtails and pipits edit nbsp American pipitOrder Passeriformes Family MotacillidaeMotacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails They include the wagtails longclaws and pipits They are slender ground feeding insectivores of open country Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava Northern Mariana Islands A LC Eastern yellow wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis LC Citrine wagtail Motacilla citreola A LC Gray wagtail Motacilla cinerea C LC White wagtail Motacilla alba LC Tree pipit Anthus trivialis A LC Olive backed pipit Anthus hodgsoni LC Pechora pipit Anthus gustavi C LC Red throated pipit Anthus cervinus LC American pipit Anthus rubescens LC Sprague s pipit Anthus spragueii VUFinches euphonias and allies edit nbsp Gray crowned rosy finch nbsp Iiwi nbsp American goldfinchOrder Passeriformes Family FringillidaeFinches are seed eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak usually conical and in some species very large All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings and most sing well Common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs C LC Brambling Fringilla montifringilla LC Antillean euphonia Chlorophonia musica Puerto Rico LC Evening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus VU Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes C LC Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus C LC Pallas s rosefinch Carpodacus roseus A LC Poo uli Melamprosops phaeosoma EH EX Akikiki Oreomystis bairdi EH CR Oahu alauahio Paroreomyza maculata EH CR Kakawahie Paroreomyza flammea EH EX Maui alauahio Paroreomyza montana EH EN Palila Loxiodes balleui EH CR Laysan finch Telespiza cantans EH VU Nihoa finch Telespiza ultima EH CR Kona grosbeak Chloridops kona EH EX Lesser koa finch Rhodacanthis flaviceps EH EX Greater koa finch Rhodacanthis palmeri EH EX Ula ai hawane Ciridops anna EH EX Akohekohe Palmeria dolei EH CR Laysan honeycreeper Himatione fraithii EH EX Apapane Himatione sanguinea EH LC Iiwi Drepanis coccinea EH VU Hawaii mamo Drepanis pacifica EH EX Black mamo Drepanis funerea EH EX Ou Psittirostra psittacea EH CR Lanai hookbill Dysmorodropanis munroi EH EX Maui parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthrophrys EH CR Kauai nukupuu Hemignathus hanapepe EH CR Oahu nukupuu Hemignathus lucidus EH EX Maui nukupuu Hemignathus affinis EH CR Akiapolaau Hemignathus wilsoni EH EN Lesser akialoa Akialoa obscura EH EX Kauai akialoa Akialoa stejnegeri EH EX Oahu akialoa Akialoa ellisiana EH EX Maui nui akialoa Akialoa lanaiensis EH EX Anianiau Magumma parva EH VU Hawaii amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens EH LC Oahu amakihi Chlorodrepanis flavus EH VU Kauai amakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri EH VU Greater amakihi Viridonia sagittirostris EH EX Hawaii creeper Loxops mana EH EN Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris EH CR Oahu akepa Loxops wolstenholmei EH EX Maui akepa Loxops ochraceus EH CR Hawaii akepa Loxops coccineus EH EN Pine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator LC Eurasian bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula C LC Asian rosy finch Leucosticte arctoa A LC Gray crowned rosy finch Leucosticte tephrocotis LC Black rosy finch Leucosticte atrata EM EN Brown capped rosy finch Leucosticte australis EM EN House finch Haemorhous mexicanus note 10 LC Purple finch Haemorhous purpureus LC Cassin s finch Haemorhous cassinii LC Oriental greenfinch Chloris sinica C LC Yellow fronted canary Crithagra mozambica I LC Common redpoll Acanthis flammea LC Hoary redpoll Acanthis hornemanni Not yet assessed by the IUCN Red crossbill Loxia curvirostra LC Cassia crossbill Loxia sinesciuris Not yet assessed by the IUCN White winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera LC Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus A LC Pine siskin Spinus pinus LC Lesser goldfinch Spinus psaltria LC Lawrence s goldfinch Spinus lawrencei LC American goldfinch Spinus tristis LC Island canary Serinus canaria I LC Red siskin Spinus cucullata Puerto Rico I ENLongspurs and snow buntings editOrder Passeriformes Family CalcariidaeThe Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus LC Chestnut collared longspur Calcarius ornatus VU Smith s longspur Calcarius pictus LC Thick billed longspur Rhynchophanes mccownii LC Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis LC McKay s bunting Plectrophenax hyperboreus EM 24 LCOld World buntings editOrder Passeriformes Family EmberizidaeEmberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus Until 2017 the New World sparrows Passerellidae were also considered part of this family Pine bunting Emberiza leucocephalos A LC Yellow browed bunting Emberiza chrysophrys A LC Little bunting Emberiza pusilla C LC Rustic bunting Emberiza rustica A VU Yellow throated bunting Emberiza elegans A LC Yellow breasted bunting Emberiza aureola A CR Gray bunting Emberiza variabilis A LC Pallas s bunting Emberiza pallasi A LC Reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus C LCNew World sparrows edit nbsp Eastern towhee nbsp White crowned sparrow nbsp Dark eyed juncoOrder Passeriformes Family PasserellidaeUntil 2017 these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae Most of the species are known as sparrows but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae Many of these have distinctive head patterns Rufous winged sparrow Peucaea carpalis LC Botteri s sparrow Peucaea botterii LC Cassin s sparrow Peucaea cassinii LC Bachman s sparrow Peucaea aestivalis EM NT Grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum LC Olive sparrow Arremonops rufivirgatus LC Five striped sparrow Amphispizopsis quinquestriata LC Black throated sparrow Amphispiza bilineata LC Lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus LC Lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys LC Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina LC Clay colored sparrow Spizella pallida LC Black chinned sparrow Spizella atrogularis LC Field sparrow Spizella pusilla LC Brewer s sparrow Spizella breweri LC Worthen s sparrow Spizella wortheni A EN Fox sparrow Passerella iliaca LC American tree sparrow Spizelloides arborea LC Dark eyed junco Junco hyemalis LC Yellow eyed junco Junco phaeonotus LC White crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys LC Golden crowned sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla LC Harris s sparrow Zonotrichia querula NT White throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis LC Sagebrush sparrow Artemisiospiza nevadensis LC Bell s sparrow Artemisiospiza belli LC Vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus LC LeConte s sparrow Ammospiza leconteii LC Seaside sparrow Ammospiza maritima EM LC Nelson s sparrow Ammospiza nelsoni LC Saltmarsh sparrow Ammospiza caudacuta EM EN Baird s sparrow Centronyx bairdii LC Henslow s sparrow Centronyx henslowii LC Savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis LC Song sparrow Melospiza melodia LC Lincoln s sparrow Melospiza lincolnii LC Swamp sparrow Melospiza georgiana LC Canyon towhee Melozone fuscus LC Abert s towhee Melozone aberti LC California towhee Melozone crissalis LC Rufous crowned sparrow Aimophila ruficeps LC Green tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus LC Spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus LC Eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus LCPuerto Rican tanager editOrder Passeriformes Family NesospingidaeThis species was formerly classified as a tanager family Thraupidae but was placed in its own family in 2017 Puerto Rican tanager Nesospingus speculiferus Puerto Rico EP LCSpindalises editOrder Passeriformes Family SpindalidaeThe members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles One species occurs fairly frequently in Florida Western spindalis Spindalis zena LC Puerto Rican spindalis Spindalis portoricensis Puerto Rico EP LCYellow breasted chat edit nbsp Yellow breasted chat whose breeding range is almost entirely within the contiguous United States Order Passeriformes Family IcteriidaeThis species was historically placed in the wood warblers Parulidae but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there It was placed in its own family in 2017 Yellow breasted chat Icteria virens LCTroupials and allies edit nbsp Red winged blackbird nbsp Baltimore orioleOrder Passeriformes Family IcteridaeThe icterids are a group of small to medium sized often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles New World blackbirds and New World orioles Most species have black as a predominant plumage color which is often enlivened by yellow orange or red Yellow headed blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus LC Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus LC Chihuahuan meadowlark Sturnella lilianae Eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna NT Western meadowlark Sturnella neglecta LC Puerto Rican oriole Icterus portonicensis Puerto Rico EP LC Black vented oriole Icterus wagleri A LC Orchard oriole Icterus spurius LC Hooded oriole Icterus cucullatus LC Venezuelan troupial Icterus icterus I Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands I note 11 LC Streak backed oriole Icterus pustulatus C LC Bullock s oriole Icterus bullockii LC Spot breasted oriole Icterus pectoralis I LC Altamira oriole Icterus gularis LC Audubon s oriole Icterus graduacauda LC Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula LC Black backed oriole Icterus abeillei A LC Scott s oriole Icterus parisorum LC Red winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus LC Tricolored blackbird Agelaius tricolor EN Tawny shouldered blackbird Agelaius humeralis A LC Yellow shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus Puerto Rico EP EN Shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis LC Bronzed cowbird Molothrus aeneus LC Brown headed cowbird Molothrus ater LC Rusty blackbird Euphagus carolinus VU Brewer s blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus LC Common grackle Quiscalus quiscula NT Boat tailed grackle Quiscalus major EM LC Great tailed grackle Quiscalus mexicanus A LC Greater Antillean grackle Quiscalus niger Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands LCNew World warblers edit nbsp Nashville warbler nbsp Hooded warbler nbsp Cerulean warbler nbsp Yellow warblerOrder Passeriformes Family ParulidaeThe wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World Most are arboreal but some are more terrestrial Most members of this family are insectivores Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla LC Worm eating warbler Helmitheros vermivorum LC Louisiana waterthrush Parkesia motacilla LC Northern waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis LC Bachman s warbler Vermivora bachmanii CR Golden winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera NT Blue winged warbler Vermivora cyanoptera LC Black and white warbler Mniotilta varia LC Prothonotary warbler Protonotaria citrea LC Swainson s warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii LC Crescent chested warbler Oreothlypis superciliosa C LC Tennessee warbler Leiothlypis peregrina LC Orange crowned warbler Leiothlypis celata LC Colima warbler Leiothlypis crissalis LC Lucy s warbler Leiothlypis luciae LC Nashville warbler Leiothlypis ruficapilla LC Virginia s warbler Leiothlypis virginiae LC Connecticut warbler Oporornis agilis LC Gray crowned yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala C LC MacGillivray s warbler Geothlypis tolmiei LC Mourning warbler Geothlypis philadelphia LC Kentucky warbler Geothlypis formosa LC Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas LC Elfin woods warbler Setophaga angelae Puerto Rico EP EN Hooded warbler Setophaga citrina LC American redstart Setophaga ruticilla LC Kirtland s warbler Setophaga kirtlandii NT Cape May warbler Setophaga tigrina LC Cerulean warbler Setophaga cerulea NT Northern parula Setophaga americana LC Tropical parula Setophaga pitiayumi LC Magnolia warbler Setophaga magnolia LC Bay breasted warbler Setophaga castanea LC Blackburnian warbler Setophaga fusca LC Yellow warbler Setophaga aestiva LC Chestnut sided warbler Setophaga pensylvanica LC Blackpoll warbler Setophaga striata NT Black throated blue warbler Setophaga caerulescens LC Palm warbler Setophaga palmarum LC Pine warbler Setophaga pinus LC Yellow rumped warbler Setophaga coronata LC Yellow throated warbler Setophaga dominica LC Prairie warbler Setophaga discolor LC Adelaide s warbler Setophaga adelaidae Puerto Rico U S Virgin Islands EP LC Grace s warbler Setophaga graciae LC Black throated grey warbler Setophaga nigrescens LC Townsend s warbler Setophaga townsendi LC Hermit warbler Setophaga occidentalis LC Golden cheeked warbler Setophaga chrysoparia EN Black throated green warbler Setophaga virens LC Fan tailed warbler Basileuterus lachrymosus C LC Rufous capped warbler Basileuterus rufifrons LC Golden crowned warbler Basileuterus culicivorus C LC Canada warbler Cardellina canadensis LC Wilson s warbler Cardellina pusilla LC Red faced warbler Cardellina rubrifrons LC Painted redstart Myioborus pictus LC Slate throated redstart Myioborus miniatus C LCCardinals and allies edit nbsp Northern cardinal nbsp Indigo buntingOrder Passeriformes Family CardinalidaeThe cardinals are a family of robust seed eating birds with strong bills They are typically associated with open woodland The sexes usually have distinct plumages Hepatic tanager Piranga flava LC Summer tanager Piranga rubra LC Scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea LC Western tanager Piranga ludoviciana LC Flame colored tanager Piranga bidentata LC Crimson collared grosbeak Rhodothraupis celaeno C LC Northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis LC Pyrrhuloxia Cardinalis sinuatus LC Yellow grosbeak Pheucticus chrysopeplus C LC Rose breasted grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus LC Black headed grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus LC Blue bunting Cyanocompsa parellina C LC Blue grosbeak Passerina caerulea LC Lazuli bunting Passerina amoena LC Indigo bunting Passerina cyanea LC Varied bunting Passerina versicolor LC Painted bunting Passerina ciris LC Dickcissel Spiza americana LCTanagers and allies editOrder Passeriformes Family Thraupidae nbsp Lesser Antillean bullfinchThe tanagers are a large group of small to medium sized passerine birds restricted to the New World mainly in the tropics Many species are brightly colored As a family they are omnivorous but individual species specialize in eating fruits seeds insects or other types of food Red crested cardinal Paroaria coronata I LC Yellow billed cardinal Paroaria capitata I LC Saffron finch Sicalis flaveola I LC Red legged honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus A LC Bananaquit Coereba flaveola C LC Yellow faced grassquit Tiaris olivaceus C LC Puerto Rican bullfinch Melopyrrha portoricensis Puerto Rico EP LC Lesser Antillean bullfinch Loxigilla noctis U S Virgin Islands LC Black faced grassquit Melanospiza bicolor C LC Morelet s seedeater Sporophila morelleti LCNotes edit The Laysan duck was introduced to Midway Atoll in the U S Minor Outlying Islands but the native population is considered endemic the state of Hawaii The greater prairie chicken has been extirpated from its former Canadian range but is possibly repopulating there from the U S The long tailed koel is accidental to rare in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands The Mariana swiftlet is found in Hawaii Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands The black winged stilt occurs regularly in the Northern Mariana Islands The Polynesian storm petrel is accidental to rare in the U S Minor Outlying Islands The reintroduction of the California condor is in progress but the species is not yet reestablished per the California Bird Records Committee it is not self sustaining per the Cornell Lab of Ornithology In the U S the Eurasian skylark is introduced and resident in Hawaii and San Juan Island Washington It is a rare summer visitor to Alaska and has bred there and is an accidental visitor to California and the minor outlying islands in the Pacific The Northern red bishop was introduced to Puerto Rico and is accidental to rare in the U S Virgin Islands The house finch is native to the southwestern U S and was introduced in the east The Venezuelan troupial was introduced in Puerto Rico and is accidental to rare in the U S Virgin Islands References edit div, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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