Bell's sparrow (Artemisiospiza belli) is a medium-sized sparrow of the western United States and northwestern Mexico. It used to be placed in the genus Amphispiza, but recent evidence suggested it be placed in its own genus.[2][3]
Four populations are resident to the west: subspecies canescens breeds in south-central California, the dark nominate subspecies belli in the California Coast Ranges and part of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada south to about 29°N in Baja California, the equally dark subspecies clementeae limited to San Clemente Island, and subspecies cinerea in western Baja California from 29°N to 26°45′N. The AOU now considers Bell's sparrow a separate species, formerly grouped with the sagebrush sparrow, and together previously known as the sage sparrow.[4]
Characteristicsedit
A Front-facing image of a mature Bell's Sparrow
Bell's sparrow is difficult to separate in the field from the sagebrush sparrow. Both species measure about 6 in (15 cm) long and weigh approximately 16.5 g (0.58 oz).[5] In general, with Bell's Sparrow the malar is darker than the head while on the sagebrush it is about the same shade of darkish gray. Bell's Sparrow also has a thicker malar strip than sagebrush.[6][7] The amount a streaking on the back as well as the shade of the mantle may also be used to separate the two, but this is affected by wear on the feathers.[6] Bell's also has little or no white in the tail, but this field mark alone may not be diagnostic.[5]
Bell's sparrows are indeed often tied to sagebrush habitats, although they can also be found in brushy stands of saltbush, chamise, and other low shrubs of the arid west.
The subspecies A. b. clementeae has been listed as threatened since 1977.[4] This subspecies has grown in numbers since then as a result of conservation efforts conducted by the US Navy, resulting in the regrowth of native vegetation. [8] and has been proposed for removal from the Endangered Species Act by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. [9]
^BirdLife International (2021). "Artemisiospiza belli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T103780113A136888436. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T103780113A136888436.en. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
^Klicka, J.; Spellman, G.M. (2007). "A molecular evaluation of the North American "grassland" sparrow clade". Auk. 124 (2): 537–551. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[537:AMEOTN]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 27819965.
^DaCosta, J.M.; Spellman, G.M.; Escalante, P.; Klicka, J. (2009). "A molecular systematic revision of two historically problematic songbird clades: Aimophila and Pipilo". Journal of Avian Biology. 40 (2): 206–216. doi:10.1111/j.1600-048X.2009.04514.x.
^ abMartin, John W.; Carlson, Barbara A. (1998). Poole, A. (ed.). "Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli)". The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
^ abPyle, Peter (19 August 2013). "On separating Sagebrush Sparrow (Artemisiospiza nevadensis) from Bell's Sparrow (A. belli) with particular reference to A. b. canescens" (PDF). sibleyguides.com. Sibley Guides. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
^Vander Pluym, David (14 August 2013). "Sage Sparrow". Phainopepla Fables: Birding in the Lower Colorado River Valley and Beyond. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
^Meiman, Susan T.; DeLeon, Emma E.; Bridges, Andrew S. "Reproductive success of the threatened San Clemente Bell's Sparrow (Artemisiospiza belli clementeae) in recovering habitats is similar to success in historical habitat". Oxford Academic. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
^Greenwald, Noah. "Bell's Sparrow, Four Plants Found Only on San Clemente Island Are Latest Endangered Species Act Success". Center for Biological Diversity. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
^Holloway, Joel Ellis (2003). Dictionary of Birds of the United States: Scientific and Common Names. Timber Press. p. 25. ISBN9781604691740.
Martin, John W.; Carlson, Barbara A. (1998). Poole, A.; Gill, F. (eds.). Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli). The Birds of North America. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America, Inc.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artemisiospiza belli.
Wikispecies has information related to Artemisiospiza belli.
bell, sparrow, artemisiospiza, belli, medium, sized, sparrow, western, united, states, northwestern, mexico, used, placed, genus, amphispiza, recent, evidence, suggested, placed, genus, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, do. Bell s sparrow Artemisiospiza belli is a medium sized sparrow of the western United States and northwestern Mexico It used to be placed in the genus Amphispiza but recent evidence suggested it be placed in its own genus 2 3 Bell s sparrow Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Passerellidae Genus Artemisiospiza Species A belli Binomial name Artemisiospiza belli Cassin 1850 Four populations are resident to the west subspecies canescens breeds in south central California the dark nominate subspecies belli in the California Coast Ranges and part of the western slope of the Sierra Nevada south to about 29 N in Baja California the equally dark subspecies clementeae limited to San Clemente Island and subspecies cinerea in western Baja California from 29 N to 26 45 N The AOU now considers Bell s sparrow a separate species formerly grouped with the sagebrush sparrow and together previously known as the sage sparrow 4 Characteristics edit nbsp A Front facing image of a mature Bell s Sparrow Bell s sparrow is difficult to separate in the field from the sagebrush sparrow Both species measure about 6 in 15 cm long and weigh approximately 16 5 g 0 58 oz 5 In general with Bell s Sparrow the malar is darker than the head while on the sagebrush it is about the same shade of darkish gray Bell s Sparrow also has a thicker malar strip than sagebrush 6 7 The amount a streaking on the back as well as the shade of the mantle may also be used to separate the two but this is affected by wear on the feathers 6 Bell s also has little or no white in the tail but this field mark alone may not be diagnostic 5 Bell s sparrows are indeed often tied to sagebrush habitats although they can also be found in brushy stands of saltbush chamise and other low shrubs of the arid west The subspecies A b clementeae has been listed as threatened since 1977 4 This subspecies has grown in numbers since then as a result of conservation efforts conducted by the US Navy resulting in the regrowth of native vegetation 8 and has been proposed for removal from the Endangered Species Act by the US Fish amp Wildlife Service 9 The species common name and binomial belli refer to John Graham Bell 10 References edit BirdLife International 2021 Artemisiospiza belli IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T103780113A136888436 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 3 RLTS T103780113A136888436 en Retrieved 2 November 2022 Klicka J Spellman G M 2007 A molecular evaluation of the North American grassland sparrow clade Auk 124 2 537 551 doi 10 1642 0004 8038 2007 124 537 AMEOTN 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 27819965 DaCosta J M Spellman G M Escalante P Klicka J 2009 A molecular systematic revision of two historically problematic songbird clades Aimophila and Pipilo Journal of Avian Biology 40 2 206 216 doi 10 1111 j 1600 048X 2009 04514 x a b Martin John W Carlson Barbara A 1998 Poole A ed Sage Sparrow Amphispiza belli The Birds of North America Online Ithaca Cornell Lab of Ornithology Retrieved 12 June 2009 a b Sibley David Allen 2000 The Sibley Guide to Birds New York Knopf p 481 ISBN 978 0 679 45122 8 a b Pyle Peter 19 August 2013 On separating Sagebrush Sparrow Artemisiospiza nevadensis from Bell s Sparrow A belli with particular reference to A b canescens PDF sibleyguides com Sibley Guides Retrieved 1 November 2014 Vander Pluym David 14 August 2013 Sage Sparrow Phainopepla Fables Birding in the Lower Colorado River Valley and Beyond Retrieved 1 November 2014 Meiman Susan T DeLeon Emma E Bridges Andrew S Reproductive success of the threatened San Clemente Bell s Sparrow Artemisiospiza belli clementeae in recovering habitats is similar to success in historical habitat Oxford Academic Retrieved 13 May 2021 Greenwald Noah Bell s Sparrow Four Plants Found Only on San Clemente Island Are Latest Endangered Species Act Success Center for Biological Diversity Retrieved 13 May 2021 Holloway Joel Ellis 2003 Dictionary of Birds of the United States Scientific and Common Names Timber Press p 25 ISBN 9781604691740 Martin John W Carlson Barbara A 1998 Poole A Gill F eds Sage Sparrow Amphispiza belli The Birds of North America Philadelphia PA The Birds of North America Inc External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artemisiospiza belli nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Artemisiospiza belli Artemisiospiza belli Avibase nbsp Bell s sparrow media Internet Bird Collection Audio recordings of Bell s sparrow on Xeno canto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bell 27s sparrow amp oldid 1183913270, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
