The Maui ʻalauahio (Paroreomyza montana), also known as the Maui Nui ʻalauahio or Maui creeper, is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. It is endemic to Maui Nui, Hawaii. The name Maui ʻalauahio is somewhat misleading because the species seems to have occurred on most, if not all, parts of the ancient Maui Nui, which includes the present day islands of Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe. There are two subspecies: the Lānaʻi ʻalauahio, P. montana montana, which occurred on Lānaʻi (extinct); and P. montana newtoni which occurs on Maui. The common name refers to both groups.
The Maui ʻalauahio is similar to the Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi in appearance and behavior. However, Maui ʻalauahio are a brighter yellow color, have a less curved bill and do not have prominent black lores (area between the bill and the eye).[2]
Songedit
The Maui ʻalauahio call is a loud "cheep", and their song consists of a repeated whistled phrase "whichy-wheesee-whurdy-whew".[3]
Dietedit
Maui ʻalauahio are insectivorous and forage along trunks and branches flipping over lichen and bark in search of insects. They eat moths, beetles, spiders, leafhoppers, lacewings, and ichneumonid wasps.[3] They forage on native plants including ʻōhiʻa, koa, pilo, alani, ʻōhelo, kōlea, pūkiawe, and ʻōlapa.[3]
Breedingedit
The breeding season for Maui ʻalauahio is March - August.[3][4] They are monogamous and often are assisted by the non-breeding second year offspring at the nest. The nest helpers assist the male with feeding the female during incubation, as well as feeding the chicks, usually by regurgitation.[3] Maui ʻalauahio young may stay with parents for up to 20 months, and then breed in their third year.[3][4] Interestingly, there are fewer Maui ʻalauahio pairs documented with nest helpers in disturbed habitats (20-30%) than native plant habitat (96%).[3]
Habitat and distributionedit
Currently, Maui ʻalauahio are restricted to three populations above 900 m (2,952 feet) elevation on east Maui.[3] These populations occur in three diverse habitats that are in the range of conservation managed areas, including the rainforest belt of Halealakā National Park, a forestry plantation, and a relic dry forest.[4] Maui ʻalauahio can be seen at Hosmer's Grove at Haleakalā National Park and Polipoli Springs State Recreation Area.
Conservationedit
Maui ʻalauahioʻs range is restricted and threatened by habitat loss. Many factors contribute towards its habitat loss, including degradation from feral ungulates, and the introduction of invasive plants, like strawberry guava, that impact habitat diversity and quality.[1] The species is also limited to higher elevations due to itʻs high susceptibility to avian malaria with a 75% mortality rate after exposure to an infected mosquito bite.[5]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2016). "Paroreomyza montana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22720818A94684594. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720818A94684594.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
maui, ʻalauahio, paroreomyza, montana, also, known, maui, ʻalauahio, maui, creeper, species, hawaiian, honeycreeper, endemic, maui, hawaii, name, somewhat, misleading, because, species, seems, have, occurred, most, parts, ancient, maui, which, includes, presen. The Maui ʻalauahio Paroreomyza montana also known as the Maui Nui ʻalauahio or Maui creeper is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper It is endemic to Maui Nui Hawaii The name Maui ʻalauahio is somewhat misleading because the species seems to have occurred on most if not all parts of the ancient Maui Nui which includes the present day islands of Maui Molokaʻi Lanaʻi and Kahoʻolawe There are two subspecies the Lanaʻi ʻalauahio P montana montana which occurred on Lanaʻi extinct and P montana newtoni which occurs on Maui The common name refers to both groups Maui ʻAlauahio Maui ʻalauahio at Haleakala National Park Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Fringillidae Subfamily Carduelinae Genus Paroreomyza Species P montana Binomial name Paroreomyza montana Wilson SB 1890 Contents 1 Description 1 1 Song 1 2 Diet 1 3 Breeding 1 4 Habitat and distribution 2 Conservation 3 References 4 External linksDescription editThe Maui ʻalauahio is similar to the Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi in appearance and behavior However Maui ʻalauahio are a brighter yellow color have a less curved bill and do not have prominent black lores area between the bill and the eye 2 Song edit The Maui ʻalauahio call is a loud cheep and their song consists of a repeated whistled phrase whichy wheesee whurdy whew 3 Diet edit Maui ʻalauahio are insectivorous and forage along trunks and branches flipping over lichen and bark in search of insects They eat moths beetles spiders leafhoppers lacewings and ichneumonid wasps 3 They forage on native plants including ʻōhiʻa koa pilo alani ʻōhelo kōlea pukiawe and ʻōlapa 3 Breeding edit The breeding season for Maui ʻalauahio is March August 3 4 They are monogamous and often are assisted by the non breeding second year offspring at the nest The nest helpers assist the male with feeding the female during incubation as well as feeding the chicks usually by regurgitation 3 Maui ʻalauahio young may stay with parents for up to 20 months and then breed in their third year 3 4 Interestingly there are fewer Maui ʻalauahio pairs documented with nest helpers in disturbed habitats 20 30 than native plant habitat 96 3 Habitat and distribution edit Currently Maui ʻalauahio are restricted to three populations above 900 m 2 952 feet elevation on east Maui 3 These populations occur in three diverse habitats that are in the range of conservation managed areas including the rainforest belt of Halealaka National Park a forestry plantation and a relic dry forest 4 Maui ʻalauahio can be seen at Hosmer s Grove at Haleakala National Park and Polipoli Springs State Recreation Area Conservation editMaui ʻalauahioʻs range is restricted and threatened by habitat loss Many factors contribute towards its habitat loss including degradation from feral ungulates and the introduction of invasive plants like strawberry guava that impact habitat diversity and quality 1 The species is also limited to higher elevations due to itʻs high susceptibility to avian malaria with a 75 mortality rate after exposure to an infected mosquito bite 5 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Paroreomyza montana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22720818A94684594 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22720818A94684594 en Retrieved 14 November 2021 Maui ʻAlauahio Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project Retrieved 5 July 2019 a b c d e f g h Pratt H Doug 2005 The Hawaiian Honeycreepers Drepanidinae Oxford University Press a b c del Hoyo Josep Elliot Andrew Christie David eds 2010 Handbook of the Birds of the World Weavers to New World Warblers Lynx Edicions Ecology and Diagnosis of Introduced Avian Malaria in Hawaiian Forest Birds PDF U S Geological Surveuy December 2005 Retrieved 5 July 2019 External links editSpecies factsheet BirdLife International Maui ʻAlauahio or Maui Creeper PDF Hawaii s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy State of Hawaiʻi 2005 10 01 Videos photos and sounds Internet Bird Collection 1 nbsp This Fringillidae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Maui ʻalauahio amp oldid 1181622298, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
