fbpx
Wikipedia

Many-colored fruit dove

January 01, 1970

Not to be confused with Manumea.

The many-colored fruit dove (Ptilinopus perousii), also known as manuma in the Samoan language, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.[2][3] It occurs on islands in the south-west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji, the Samoan Islands, and Tonga. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Today, the birds are most often found in Fiji and Tonga.[4] It usually feeds high in the canopy on fruit and berries, especially banyan fig. The nest is a small platform of twigs where one white egg is laid.[5]

Many-colored fruit dove
Temporal range: Quaternary
↓
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Columbiformes
Family: Columbidae
Genus: Ptilinopus
Species:
P. perousii
Binomial name
Ptilinopus perousii
Peale, 1849
Subspecies
  • P. p. perousii
  • P. p. mariae

Description edit

 
Female, Vuna, Taveuni, Fiji Isles

It is a small dove, 23 cm (9.1 in) in length. Adults weigh in at 90 g (3.2 oz).[5] The male is mostly pale yellow-white with a red crown and red bar across the back. The female is mostly green, darker on the back and greyer on the head and breast. Her crown is red while the undertail-coverts are red in Samoan birds and yellow in birds from Fiji and Tonga.

Male Ptilinopus perousii perousii is pale on the bottom and yellow on top. There is also a crimson band and corona. The female is said to resemble the purple-capped fruit dove; however, there is no yellow band. They have grey on the bottom while green on top. It only has a crimson corona unlike the male.[3]

Taxonomy edit

The many-colored fruit dove is in the columbid family with the other doves and pigeons. It a fruit dove meaning it belongs to genus Ptilinopus. However, it is very far from most other doves and has no close relatives due to it being endemic to the South Pacific islands.[5] The two subspecies are Ptilinopus perousii mariae and P. p. perousii. The mariae subspecies is found in Fiji and Tonga.[6]

Its English name is literal: it is a many-colored dove that eats fruit. The Samoan name manuma means shy bird and comes from the Samoan words for bird and shame.[7][8] Their Latin name comes from Captain Jean Francois de Galaup Comte de la Pérouse of the French navy, of whom explored the Pacific.[9]

Distribution and habitat edit

 
Male, Matei, Taveuni, Fiji Isles

Manuma are found across many islands and archipelagos across Polynesia with a range of 660,000 sq. km.[10] They are most often found in Fiji and Tonga. They can be found in lowland subtropical and tropical broadleaf forests.[5] In these forests, they are found in the canopies. They can also be found in urban areas.[11] The manuma's fossil range is from 0.12 million years ago to today, exclusively in the quaternary.[12]

Behavior edit

Diet edit

The many-colored fruit dove is a frugivore. It forages the canopies of trees in search of figs. On Samoa and American Samoa it is mostly the banyan. This strict diet keeps the two fig species in check; however, any decline in the amount of figs may be a disaster for the many-colored fruit dove.[4] However, on Fiji and Tonga, manuma are known to eat fruits of ylang ylang (Cananga odorata), bishop wood (Bischofia javanica), and māgele (Trema cannabina).[3]: 105, 128 

Social edit

Manuma are often found in small flocks. In each flock there are normally more males than females.[3]

Status edit

While not listed as threatened or endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), their population is in decline in American Samoa. The justification of the conservation status is that the decline is not extreme enough and the restricted area is not small enough for the vulnerability status.[10]

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, large numbers of this bird were reported on Tutuila, American Samoa. In the 1970s, a population survey found there were around 80 individuals present. In the 1990s, there were 50 individuals on Tutuila reported.[3]

Biologists with the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources and workers from Pacific Bird Conservation and the Toledo Zoo captured four many-colored fruit dove to begin a captive breeding project at Association of Zoos and Aquariums facilities.[2]

The many-colored fruit dove chief food source, the banyan fruit, are also in decline due to deforestation and their susceptibility to storm damage. In the 1990s, Cyclone Val and Cyclone Ofa killed or damaged a number of banyan trees, or otherwise stripped them bare of leaves and fruit. Hunting is another cause of the bird's decline on Tutuila. Hunters in search of lupe (Pacific imperial pigeon, Ducula pacifica) or manutagi (purple-capped fruit-doves, Ptilinopus porphyraceus) may kill many-colored fruit doves instead.[3] In interviews conducted by American Samoa environmental officials, more than a quarter of hunters reported accidentally shooting a many-colored fruit dove.[7]

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ptilinopus perousii.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Ptilinopus perousii.
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Ptilinopus perousii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22691410A93311416. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691410A93311416.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Population Enhancement for Manuma". Pacific Bird Conservation. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Craig, P., ed. (2009). Natural History Guide to American Samoa (PDF) (3rd ed.). Pago Pago, American Samoa: U.S. National Park Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-09.
  4. ^ a b Fingan, Chance (2008-04-28). "Creature Feature: the Many-Colored Fruit Dove". National Parks Traveler. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  5. ^ a b c d "Ptilinopus perousii (Many-colored Fruit Dove; Many-colored Fruit-Dove)". WorldSpecies.org. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  6. ^ "Many-colored Fruit-Dove (mariae)". Avibase. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  7. ^ a b MacKinnon, J. B. (2020-03-19). "The Rich Meals That Keep Wild Animals on the Menu". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  8. ^ "Definition of MANUMA". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2021-07-22.
  9. ^ Baptista, Luis F.; Trail, Pepper W.; Horblit, H. M.; Boesman, Peter F. D.; Garcia, Ernest (2020-03-04). "Many-colored Fruit-Dove (Ptilinopus perousii)". Birds of the World.
  10. ^ a b "Many-coloured Fruit-dove (Ptilinopus perousii) - BirdLife species factsheet". datazone.birdlife.org. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
  11. ^ Oiseaux.net. "Ptilope de La Pérouse - Ptilinopus perousii - Many-colored Fruit Dove". www.oiseaux.net. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  12. ^ "Fossilworks: Ptilinopus perousii". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

Further reading edit

  • Watling, Dick (2001) A Guide to the Birds of Fiji & Western Polynesia, Environmental Consultants (Fiji), Suva.

January 01, 1970
many, colored, fruit, dove, confused, with, manumea, many, colored, fruit, dove, ptilinopus, perousii, also, known, manuma, samoan, language, species, bird, family, columbidae, occurs, islands, south, west, pacific, ocean, where, found, fiji, samoan, islands, . Not to be confused with Manumea The many colored fruit dove Ptilinopus perousii also known as manuma in the Samoan language is a species of bird in the family Columbidae 2 3 It occurs on islands in the south west Pacific Ocean where it is found in Fiji the Samoan Islands and Tonga Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests Today the birds are most often found in Fiji and Tonga 4 It usually feeds high in the canopy on fruit and berries especially banyan fig The nest is a small platform of twigs where one white egg is laid 5 Many colored fruit doveTemporal range Quaternary PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Columbiformes Family Columbidae Genus Ptilinopus Species P perousii Binomial name Ptilinopus perousiiPeale 1849 Subspecies P p perousii P p mariae Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Diet 4 2 Social 5 Status 6 References 7 Further readingDescription edit nbsp Female Vuna Taveuni Fiji Isles It is a small dove 23 cm 9 1 in in length Adults weigh in at 90 g 3 2 oz 5 The male is mostly pale yellow white with a red crown and red bar across the back The female is mostly green darker on the back and greyer on the head and breast Her crown is red while the undertail coverts are red in Samoan birds and yellow in birds from Fiji and Tonga Male Ptilinopus perousii perousii is pale on the bottom and yellow on top There is also a crimson band and corona The female is said to resemble the purple capped fruit dove however there is no yellow band They have grey on the bottom while green on top It only has a crimson corona unlike the male 3 Taxonomy editThe many colored fruit dove is in the columbid family with the other doves and pigeons It a fruit dove meaning it belongs to genus Ptilinopus However it is very far from most other doves and has no close relatives due to it being endemic to the South Pacific islands 5 The two subspecies are Ptilinopus perousii mariae and P p perousii The mariae subspecies is found in Fiji and Tonga 6 Its English name is literal it is a many colored dove that eats fruit The Samoan name manuma means shy bird and comes from the Samoan words for bird and shame 7 8 Their Latin name comes from Captain Jean Francois de Galaup Comte de la Perouse of the French navy of whom explored the Pacific 9 Distribution and habitat edit nbsp Male Matei Taveuni Fiji Isles Manuma are found across many islands and archipelagos across Polynesia with a range of 660 000 sq km 10 They are most often found in Fiji and Tonga They can be found in lowland subtropical and tropical broadleaf forests 5 In these forests they are found in the canopies They can also be found in urban areas 11 The manuma s fossil range is from 0 12 million years ago to today exclusively in the quaternary 12 Behavior editDiet edit The many colored fruit dove is a frugivore It forages the canopies of trees in search of figs On Samoa and American Samoa it is mostly the banyan This strict diet keeps the two fig species in check however any decline in the amount of figs may be a disaster for the many colored fruit dove 4 However on Fiji and Tonga manuma are known to eat fruits of ylang ylang Cananga odorata bishop wood Bischofia javanica and magele Trema cannabina 3 105 128 Social edit Manuma are often found in small flocks In each flock there are normally more males than females 3 Status editWhile not listed as threatened or endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN their population is in decline in American Samoa The justification of the conservation status is that the decline is not extreme enough and the restricted area is not small enough for the vulnerability status 10 In the 19th and early 20th centuries large numbers of this bird were reported on Tutuila American Samoa In the 1970s a population survey found there were around 80 individuals present In the 1990s there were 50 individuals on Tutuila reported 3 Biologists with the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources and workers from Pacific Bird Conservation and the Toledo Zoo captured four many colored fruit dove to begin a captive breeding project at Association of Zoos and Aquariums facilities 2 The many colored fruit dove chief food source the banyan fruit are also in decline due to deforestation and their susceptibility to storm damage In the 1990s Cyclone Val and Cyclone Ofa killed or damaged a number of banyan trees or otherwise stripped them bare of leaves and fruit Hunting is another cause of the bird s decline on Tutuila Hunters in search of lupe Pacific imperial pigeon Ducula pacifica or manutagi purple capped fruit doves Ptilinopus porphyraceus may kill many colored fruit doves instead 3 In interviews conducted by American Samoa environmental officials more than a quarter of hunters reported accidentally shooting a many colored fruit dove 7 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ptilinopus perousii nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Ptilinopus perousii BirdLife International 2016 Ptilinopus perousii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22691410A93311416 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22691410A93311416 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 a b Population Enhancement for Manuma Pacific Bird Conservation Retrieved 2021 07 09 a b c d e f Craig P ed 2009 Natural History Guide to American Samoa PDF 3rd ed Pago Pago American Samoa U S National Park Service Archived PDF from the original on 2021 07 09 a b Fingan Chance 2008 04 28 Creature Feature the Many Colored Fruit Dove National Parks Traveler Archived from the original on 2021 07 09 Retrieved 2021 07 09 a b c d Ptilinopus perousii Many colored Fruit Dove Many colored Fruit Dove WorldSpecies org Retrieved 2021 07 09 Many colored Fruit Dove mariae Avibase Retrieved 2021 07 09 a b MacKinnon J B 2020 03 19 The Rich Meals That Keep Wild Animals on the Menu The Atlantic Retrieved 2021 07 09 Definition of MANUMA Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved 2021 07 22 Baptista Luis F Trail Pepper W Horblit H M Boesman Peter F D Garcia Ernest 2020 03 04 Many colored Fruit Dove Ptilinopus perousii Birds of the World a b Many coloured Fruit dove Ptilinopus perousii BirdLife species factsheet datazone birdlife org Retrieved 2021 07 16 Oiseaux net Ptilope de La Perouse Ptilinopus perousii Many colored Fruit Dove www oiseaux net Retrieved 2021 07 25 Fossilworks Ptilinopus perousii fossilworks org Retrieved 17 December 2021 Further reading editWatling Dick 2001 A Guide to the Birds of Fiji amp Western Polynesia Environmental Consultants Fiji Suva Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Many colored fruit dove amp oldid 1175339087, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.