The O‘ahu ‘ō‘ō (Moho apicalis) was a member of the extinct genus of the ‘ō‘ōs (Moho) within the extinct family Mohoidae. It was previously regarded as member of the Australo-Pacific honeyeaters (Meliphagidae).[2]
The males reached a length of 30.5 centimeters. The wing length was 10.5 to 11.4 centimeters, the culmen was between 3.5 and 3.8 centimetres and the tarsus was between 3.4 and 3.8 centimeters. The females were smaller. The plumage was predominantly sooty black. The tail feathers were brown and had, with the exception of the two central tail feathers, white tips. Further characteristics were the white feather tufts under the axillaries and the two narrow central tail feathers which changed into fine hair-like or fibrous tips. The flanks and the undertail coverts were colored deeply yellow. The bill and the tarsus were black. Its biology was not well-studied.
The O‘ahu ‘ō‘ō was first mentioned by Andrew Bloxam. While in the Hawaiian Islands in 1825 (as the naturalist on board HMS Blonde), he saw live specimens of the bird which were brought to him by locals. He preserved one specimen. He wrote in his diary (not published until much later): "They are now very scarce in all the islands. I did not see even one in the different excursions I made, & the natives asked a high price for the very few they brought to me." Bloxam misidentified the birds as the related species Moho nobilis.[3]
John Gould scientifically named and described the O‘ahu ‘ō‘ō in 1860,[4] when it was already regarded as extinct for 23 years. The last reliable evidence was a collection of about three birds by German naturalist Ferdinand Deppe in 1837, finding those specimens in the hills behind the capital, Honolulu.
The reasons for its extinction were (as typical for members of the Mohoidae) probably avian diseases caused by introduced mosquitos, habitat destruction by overgrazing from livestock and deforestation.
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2017). "Moho apicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22704329A111776064. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22704329A111776064.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Fleischer, R.C.; James, H.F. & Olson, S.L. (2008), "Convergent Evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific Honeyeaters from Distant Songbird Ancestors", Current Biology, 18 (24): 1927–1931, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.051, PMID 19084408, S2CID 17660932
^Olson, Storrs L. (1996), "The contribution of the voyage of H.M.S. Blonde to Hawaiian ornithology" (PDF), Archives of Natural History, 23 (1): 1–42, doi:10.3366/anh.1996.23.1.1, pp.13-14
^Gould, J. (1860), "Description of a new species of the genus Moho of Lesson", Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 381
Bibliographyedit
Munro, George C. (1944 and its revised 2nd. edition from 1960): Birds of Hawaii
Flannery, Tim & Schouten, Peter (2001): A Gap in Nature
Fuller, Errol (2000): Extinct Birds
Day, David (1981): The Doomsday Book of Animals
Greenway, James C. (1967): Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World
Luther, Dieter (2005): Die ausgestorbenen Vögel der Welt
External linksedit
Species factsheet - BirdLife International
December 15, 2023
oʻahu, ʻōʻō, moho, apicalis, member, extinct, genus, moho, within, extinct, family, mohoidae, previously, regarded, member, australo, pacific, honeyeaters, meliphagidae, ōconservation, statusextinct, 1837, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingd. The O ahu ō ō Moho apicalis was a member of the extinct genus of the ō ōs Moho within the extinct family Mohoidae It was previously regarded as member of the Australo Pacific honeyeaters Meliphagidae 2 O ahu ō ōConservation statusExtinct 1837 IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily MohoidaeGenus MohoSpecies M apicalisBinomial name Moho apicalisGould 1861 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 3 Extinction 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp Moho apicalis and Chaetoptila angustiplumaThe males reached a length of 30 5 centimeters The wing length was 10 5 to 11 4 centimeters the culmen was between 3 5 and 3 8 centimetres and the tarsus was between 3 4 and 3 8 centimeters The females were smaller The plumage was predominantly sooty black The tail feathers were brown and had with the exception of the two central tail feathers white tips Further characteristics were the white feather tufts under the axillaries and the two narrow central tail feathers which changed into fine hair like or fibrous tips The flanks and the undertail coverts were colored deeply yellow The bill and the tarsus were black Its biology was not well studied Distribution and habitat editIts habitat was the mountain forests on O ahu Extinction editThe O ahu ō ō was first mentioned by Andrew Bloxam While in the Hawaiian Islands in 1825 as the naturalist on board HMS Blonde he saw live specimens of the bird which were brought to him by locals He preserved one specimen He wrote in his diary not published until much later They are now very scarce in all the islands I did not see even one in the different excursions I made amp the natives asked a high price for the very few they brought to me Bloxam misidentified the birds as the related species Moho nobilis 3 John Gould scientifically named and described the O ahu ō ō in 1860 4 when it was already regarded as extinct for 23 years The last reliable evidence was a collection of about three birds by German naturalist Ferdinand Deppe in 1837 finding those specimens in the hills behind the capital Honolulu After surveys led by ornithologist Robert C L Perkins and others failed to find the bird between 1880 and 1890 it was described as extinct Today there are seven specimens in museum collections in Berlin London New York City and Cambridge Massachusetts The reasons for its extinction were as typical for members of the Mohoidae probably avian diseases caused by introduced mosquitos habitat destruction by overgrazing from livestock and deforestation References edit BirdLife International 2017 Moho apicalis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T22704329A111776064 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 1 RLTS T22704329A111776064 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Fleischer R C James H F amp Olson S L 2008 Convergent Evolution of Hawaiian and Australo Pacific Honeyeaters from Distant Songbird Ancestors Current Biology 18 24 1927 1931 doi 10 1016 j cub 2008 10 051 PMID 19084408 S2CID 17660932 Olson Storrs L 1996 The contribution of the voyage of H M S Blonde to Hawaiian ornithology PDF Archives of Natural History 23 1 1 42 doi 10 3366 anh 1996 23 1 1 pp 13 14 Gould J 1860 Description of a new species of the genus Moho of Lesson Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 381Bibliography editMunro George C 1944 and its revised 2nd edition from 1960 Birds of Hawaii Flannery Tim amp Schouten Peter 2001 A Gap in Nature Fuller Errol 2000 Extinct Birds Day David 1981 The Doomsday Book of Animals Greenway James C 1967 Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World Luther Dieter 2005 Die ausgestorbenen Vogel der WeltExternal links editSpecies factsheet BirdLife International Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oʻahu ʻōʻō amp oldid 1169456932, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
