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Greater Antillean grackle

December 15, 2023

The Greater Antillean grackle (Quiscalus niger) is a grackle found throughout the Greater Antilles, as well as smaller nearby islands. Like all Quiscalus grackles, it is a rather large, gregarious bird.[2] It lives largely in heavily settled areas.

Greater Antillean grackle
Q. n. gundlachii in Cayo Coco, Cuba
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Icteridae
Genus: Quiscalus
Species:
Q. niger
Binomial name
Quiscalus niger
(Boddaert, 1783)
Range of Q. niger

Names edit

It is known as the 'kling-kling' and 'chinchilín' in the Dominican Republic, as 'ching ching' in the Cayman Islands and as a 'chango' in Puerto Rico.[3] Most local names seem to derive from onomatopoeiac descriptions of the bird's calls.

Taxonomy edit

The Irish physician, naturalist and collector Hans Sloane stayed in Jamaica between 1687 and 1689. During his visit, he collected specimens and made notes on the plants and animals.[4] Based on these notes, the ornithologist John Ray published a short description of the Greater Antillean grackle in 1713, using the Latin name Monedula tota nigra[5] but it was not until 1725, more than 35 years after his visit, that Sloane himself published a description of the grackle. He reported that it was common on the road between St. Jago de la Vega (Spanish Town) and Passage-Fort (Portmore).[6]

In 1775 the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon described the Greater Antillean grackle in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.[7] The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text.[8] Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Oriolus niger in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées.[9] Buffon's specimen was probably collected in the French colony of Saint-Domingue which occupied the western end of what is now Haiti. In 1921 the American ornithologist James L. Peters restricted the type locality to Port-au-Prince in Haiti.[10]

The Greater Antillean grackle is now one of seven species placed in the genus Quiscalus (six extant and one extinct), that was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816.[11][12] The genus name is from the specific name Gracula quiscula coined by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus for the common grackle; the specific niger is Latin for "black".[13][14]

There are seven subspecies, each restricted to one island or island group.[12] They differ in body size, bill size, and colour tone.

Description edit

The 27 cm (11 in)-long male is glossy black with a large rudder-like tail; the 24 cm (9.4 in)-long female has a smaller tail and is similar in color, but less glossy than the male. The eye is yellow and is the only non-black body part. The Greater Antillean grackle is a generalist eater; it eats fruits, bread, plant matter, and both small vertebrates and invertebrates alike.

Gallery edit

  •  

    Adult

  •  

    In San Juan, Puerto Rico

  •  

    In Cuba

  •  

    In Puerto Rico

  •  

    In Jamaica

  •  

    In Jamaica

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Quiscalus niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22724323A132175099. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22724323A132175099.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Bond, James (1993). Birds of the West Indies (fifth ed.). Houghton-Mifflin. ISBN 978-0618002108.
  3. ^ Douglas, Marcia B. (Marcia Bernice), 1961-. Electricity comes to cocoa bottom. OCLC 30995689.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ MacGregor, Arthur (23 September 2004). "Sloane, Sir Hans, baronet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/25730. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. ^ Ray, John (1713). Synopsis methodica avium & piscium (in Latin). London: William Innys. p. 185, No. 28.
  6. ^ Sloane, Hans (1725). A voyage to the islands Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Christophers and Jamaica. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author. p. 299 No. XIV.
  7. ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1775). "Le troupiale noir". Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 5. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. p. 301.
  8. ^ Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de; Martinet, François-Nicolas; Daubenton, Edme-Louis; Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie (1765–1783). "Troupiale noir, de St. Domingue". Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. Vol. 6. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 534.
  9. ^ Boddaert, Pieter (1783). Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés (in French). Utrecht. p. 31, Number 534.
  10. ^ Peters, James L. (1921). "A review of the grackles of the genus Holoquiscalus" (PDF). Auk. 38 (3): 435–453 [445]. doi:10.2307/4073768. JSTOR 4073768.
  11. ^ Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1816). Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire (in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 36.
  12. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  13. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 109.
  14. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 270, 328–329. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quiscalus niger.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Quiscalus niger.
  • BirdLife species factsheet for Quiscalus niger
  • "Greater Antillean grackle media". Internet Bird Collection.
  • Greater Antillean grackle photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
  • Greater Antillean grackle species account at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
  • Audio recordings of Greater Antillean grackle on Xeno-canto.

December 15, 2023
greater, antillean, grackle, quiscalus, niger, grackle, found, throughout, greater, antilles, well, smaller, nearby, islands, like, quiscalus, grackles, rather, large, gregarious, bird, lives, largely, heavily, settled, areas, gundlachii, cayo, coco, cubaconse. The Greater Antillean grackle Quiscalus niger is a grackle found throughout the Greater Antilles as well as smaller nearby islands Like all Quiscalus grackles it is a rather large gregarious bird 2 It lives largely in heavily settled areas Greater Antillean grackleQ n gundlachii in Cayo Coco CubaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PasseriformesFamily IcteridaeGenus QuiscalusSpecies Q nigerBinomial nameQuiscalus niger Boddaert 1783 Range of Q niger Contents 1 Names 2 Taxonomy 3 Description 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksNames editIt is known as the kling kling and chinchilin in the Dominican Republic as ching ching in the Cayman Islands and as a chango in Puerto Rico 3 Most local names seem to derive from onomatopoeiac descriptions of the bird s calls Taxonomy editThe Irish physician naturalist and collector Hans Sloane stayed in Jamaica between 1687 and 1689 During his visit he collected specimens and made notes on the plants and animals 4 Based on these notes the ornithologist John Ray published a short description of the Greater Antillean grackle in 1713 using the Latin name Monedula tota nigra 5 but it was not until 1725 more than 35 years after his visit that Sloane himself published a description of the grackle He reported that it was common on the road between St Jago de la Vega Spanish Town and Passage Fort Portmore 6 In 1775 the French polymath Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon described the Greater Antillean grackle in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux 7 The bird was also illustrated in a hand coloured plate engraved by Francois Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminees D Histoire Naturelle which was produced under the supervision of Edme Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon s text 8 Neither the plate caption nor Buffon s description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Oriolus niger in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminees 9 Buffon s specimen was probably collected in the French colony of Saint Domingue which occupied the western end of what is now Haiti In 1921 the American ornithologist James L Peters restricted the type locality to Port au Prince in Haiti 10 The Greater Antillean grackle is now one of seven species placed in the genus Quiscalus six extant and one extinct that was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1816 11 12 The genus name is from the specific name Gracula quiscula coined by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus for the common grackle the specific niger is Latin for black 13 14 There are seven subspecies each restricted to one island or island group 12 They differ in body size bill size and colour tone Q n niger Boddaert 1783 the nominate subspecies found on Hispaniola Haiti and the Dominican Republic Q n caribaeus Todd 1916 found in western Cuba and on Isla de Juventud Q n gundlachii Cassin 1867 found in central and eastern Cuba Q n caymanensis Cory 1886 found on Grand Cayman Island Q n bangsi Peters JL 1921 found on Little Cayman Island Q n crassirostris Swainson 1838 found in Jamaica Q n brachypterus Cassin 1867 found in Puerto RicoDescription editThe 27 cm 11 in long male is glossy black with a large rudder like tail the 24 cm 9 4 in long female has a smaller tail and is similar in color but less glossy than the male The eye is yellow and is the only non black body part The Greater Antillean grackle is a generalist eater it eats fruits bread plant matter and both small vertebrates and invertebrates alike Gallery edit nbsp Adult nbsp In San Juan Puerto Rico nbsp In Cuba nbsp In Puerto Rico nbsp In Jamaica nbsp In JamaicaSee also edit nbsp Puerto Rico portal nbsp Biology portal nbsp Birds portalFauna of Puerto Rico List of Puerto Rican birds List of Vieques birdsReferences edit BirdLife International 2018 Quiscalus niger IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22724323A132175099 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22724323A132175099 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Bond James 1993 Birds of the West Indies fifth ed Houghton Mifflin ISBN 978 0618002108 Douglas Marcia B Marcia Bernice 1961 Electricity comes to cocoa bottom OCLC 30995689 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link MacGregor Arthur 23 September 2004 Sloane Sir Hans baronet Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 25730 Subscription or UK public library membership required Ray John 1713 Synopsis methodica avium amp piscium in Latin London William Innys p 185 No 28 Sloane Hans 1725 A voyage to the islands Madera Barbados Nieves S Christophers and Jamaica Vol 2 London Printed for the author p 299 No XIV Buffon Georges Louis Leclerc de 1775 Le troupiale noir Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in French Vol 5 Paris De L Imprimerie Royale p 301 Buffon Georges Louis Leclerc de Martinet Francois Nicolas Daubenton Edme Louis Daubenton Louis Jean Marie 1765 1783 Troupiale noir de St Domingue Planches Enluminees D Histoire Naturelle Vol 6 Paris De L Imprimerie Royale Plate 534 Boddaert Pieter 1783 Table des planches enlumineez d histoire naturelle de M D Aubenton avec les denominations de M M de Buffon Brisson Edwards Linnaeus et Latham precede d une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enlumines in French Utrecht p 31 Number 534 Peters James L 1921 A review of the grackles of the genus Holoquiscalus PDF Auk 38 3 435 453 445 doi 10 2307 4073768 JSTOR 4073768 Vieillot Louis Pierre 1816 Analyse d une Nouvelle Ornithologie Elementaire in French Paris Deterville self p 36 a b Gill Frank Donsker David eds 2019 Oropendolas orioles blackbirds IOC World Bird List Version 9 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 4 September 2019 Linnaeus Carl 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 10th ed Holmiae Stockholm Laurentii Salvii p 109 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 270 328 329 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quiscalus niger nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Quiscalus niger BirdLife species factsheet for Quiscalus niger Greater Antillean grackle media Internet Bird Collection Greater Antillean grackle photo gallery at VIREO Drexel University Greater Antillean grackle species account at Neotropical Birds Cornell Lab of Ornithology Audio recordings of Greater Antillean grackle on Xeno canto Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Greater Antillean grackle amp oldid 1189558727, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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