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Guam kingfisher

May 03, 2024

The Guam kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus) is a species of kingfisher from the United States Territory of Guam. It is restricted to a captive breeding program following its extinction in the wild due primarily to predation by the introduced brown tree snake.

Guam kingfisher
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Coraciiformes
Family: Alcedinidae
Subfamily: Halcyoninae
Genus: Todiramphus
Species:
T. cinnamominus
Binomial name
Todiramphus cinnamominus
(Swainson, 1821)

Taxonomy and description edit

In the indigenous Chamorro language, it is referred to as sihek.[2]

The mysterious extinct Ryūkyū kingfisher, known from a single specimen, is sometimes placed as a subspecies (T. c. miyakoensis; Fry et al. 1992), but was declared invalid by the International Ornithological Congress in 2022, rendering the species monotypic.[3] Among-island differences in morphological, behavioral, and ecological characteristics have been determined sufficient that Micronesian kingfisher populations, of which the Guam kingfisher was considered a subspecies, should be split into separate species.[4]

This is a brilliantly colored, medium-sized kingfisher, 20–24 cm in length. They have iridescent blue backs and rusty-cinnamon heads. Adult male Guam kingfishers have cinnamon underparts while females and juveniles are white below. They have large laterally-flattened bills and dark legs. The calls of Micronesian kingfishers are generally raspy chattering.[5]

Behavior edit

Guam kingfishers were terrestrial forest generalists that tended to be somewhat secretive. The birds nested in cavities excavated from soft-wooded trees and arboreal termitaria, on Guam.[6] Micronesian kingfishers defended permanent territories as breeding pairs and family groups.[7] Both sexes care for young, and some offspring remain with parents for extended periods. Research suggests that thermal environment has the potential to influence reproduction.[7]

Feeding

In the wild, the Guam kingfisher feeds on grasshoppers, skinks, insects, and small crustaceans. The birds dive and capture their prey on the ground, similar to other species of kingfishers that dive for fish in water.[8]

Conservation status edit

The Guam kingfisher population was extirpated from its native habitat after the introduction of brown tree snakes.[9] It was last seen in the wild in 1986, and the birds are now U.S. listed as endangered.[5] The Guam kingfisher persists as a captive population of fewer than two hundred individuals (as of 2017) in US mainland and Guam breeding facilities. However, there are plans to reintroduce the Guam birds to Palmyra Atoll, and potentially also back to their native range on Guam if protected areas can be established and the threat of the brown tree snakes is eliminated or better controlled.[2][5] Unfortunately, however, three decades of research and management have yielded little hope for safe habitats on Guam.[citation needed]

In popular culture edit

In 2023 the Guam kingfisher was featured on a United States Postal Service Forever stamp as part of the Endangered Species set, based on a photograph from Joel Sartore's Photo Ark. The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the National Grasslands Visitor Center in Wall, South Dakota.[10]

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Todiramphus cinnamominus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22725862A117372355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22725862A117372355.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Magazine, Smithsonian. "Scientists Are Using 3-D-Printing Technology to Ready Guam Kingfishers for Reintroduction to the Wild". www.smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  3. ^ "IOC World Bird List 12.1". IOC World Bird List Datasets. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.12.1. S2CID 246050277.
  4. ^ Andersen, Michael J.; Shult, Hannah T.; Cibois, Alice; Thibault, Jean-Claude; Filardi, Christopher E.; Moyle, Robert G. (2015). "Rapid diversification and secondary sympatry in Australo-Pacific kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae: Todiramphus)". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (2): 140375. Bibcode:2015RSOS....240375A. doi:10.1098/rsos.140375. PMC 4448819. PMID 26064600.
  5. ^ a b c "ECOS: Species Profile". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  6. ^ Marshall, Samuel D. (1989). "Nest Sites of the Micronesian Kingfisher on Guam". The Wilson Bulletin. 101 (3): 472–477. ISSN 0043-5643. JSTOR 4162756.
  7. ^ a b Kesler, Dylan C.; Lopes, Iara F.; Haig, Susan M. (March 2006). "Sex determination of Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers using morphological and molecular genetic techniques". Journal of Field Ornithology. 77 (2): 229–232. doi:10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00045.x. ISSN 0273-8570. S2CID 14034258.
  8. ^ "Guam kingfisher (sihek)". Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. Retrieved 2024-04-25.
  9. ^ Savidge, Julie A. (1987). "Extinction of an Island Forest Avifauna by an Introduced Snake". Ecology. 68 (3): 660–668. doi:10.2307/1938471. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 1938471.
  10. ^ "Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species". United States Postal Service. April 19, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  • Laws, Rebecca J.; Kesler, Dylan C. (2012). "A Bayesian network approach for selecting translocation sites for endangered island birds". Biological Conservation. 155: 178–185. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.05.016.
  • Kesler, Dylan C.; Haig, Susan M. (2007). "Conservation biology for suites of species: Demographic modeling for Pacific island kingfishers". Biological Conservation. 136 (4): 520–530. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.12.023. S2CID 52254797.
  • Kesler, Dylan C.; Haig, Susan M. (2007). "Multiscale Habitat Use and Selection in Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 71 (3): 765–772. doi:10.2193/2006-011. JSTOR 4495250. S2CID 4104260.
  • Kesler, Dylan C.; Haig, Susan M. (2007). "Territoriality, Prospecting, and Dispersal in Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus Cinnamominus Reichenbachii)". The Auk. 124 (2): 381. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[381:TPADIC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0004-8038. S2CID 14032686.
  • Kesler, Dylan C.; Haig, Susan M. (2005). "Microclimate and Nest-Site Selection in Micronesian Kingfishers". Pacific Science. 59 (4): 499–508. doi:10.1353/psc.2005.0045. hdl:10125/24196. S2CID 55536252.
  • Kesler, D. (2005). Population demography, resource use, and movement in cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Thesis). S2CID 82407115.
  • Kesler, Dylan C.; Haig, Susan M. (2004). "Thermal characteristics of wild and captive Micronesian kingfisher nesting habitats". Zoo Biology. 23 (4): 301–308. doi:10.1002/zoo.20010.
  • Fry, C. Hilary; Fry, Kathie; Harris, Alan (1992). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, and Rollers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0713680287.
  • Haig, Susan M.; Ballou, Jonathan D. (1995). "Genetic Diversity in Two Avian Species Formerly Endemic to Guam". The Auk. 112 (2): 445–455. doi:10.2307/4088732. JSTOR 4088732.
  • Haig, S. M.; Ballou, J. D.; Casna, N. J. (1995). "Genetic Identification of Kin in Micronesian Kingfishers". Journal of Heredity. 86 (6): 423–431. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111616.
  • Marshall, Samuel D. (1989). "Nest Sites of the Micronesian Kingfisher on Guam". The Wilson Bulletin. 101 (3): 472–477. JSTOR 4162756.
  • Pratt, H.D., P.L. Bruner, and D.G. Berrett. 1987. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ.
  • Savidge, Julie A. (1987). "Extinction of an Island Forest Avifauna by an Introduced Snake". Ecology. 68 (3): 660–668. doi:10.2307/1938471. JSTOR 1938471.
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004. Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina).
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1984. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: determination of endangered status for seven birds and two bats on Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Federal Register 50 CFR Part 17 49(167), 33881–33885.
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004. Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, OR.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Todiramphus cinnamominus.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Todiramphus cinnamominus.
  • BirdLife Species Factsheet.
  • Naturalis The Netherlands
  • Philadelphia Zoo - Description of Guam Micronesian kingfisher Conservation efforts
  • United States Fish and Wildlife Service 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine - Threatened and Endangered Animals in the Pacific Islands.
  • US Geological Survey - USGS Micronesian Avifauna Conservation Projects
  • - The Brown Treesnake on Guam.

May 03, 2024
guam, kingfisher, todiramphus, cinnamominus, species, kingfisher, from, united, states, territory, guam, restricted, captive, breeding, program, following, extinction, wild, primarily, predation, introduced, brown, tree, snake, conservation, status, extinct, w. The Guam kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus is a species of kingfisher from the United States Territory of Guam It is restricted to a captive breeding program following its extinction in the wild due primarily to predation by the introduced brown tree snake Guam kingfisher Conservation status Extinct in the Wild IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Coraciiformes Family Alcedinidae Subfamily Halcyoninae Genus Todiramphus Species T cinnamominus Binomial name Todiramphus cinnamominus Swainson 1821 Contents 1 Taxonomy and description 2 Behavior 3 Conservation status 4 In popular culture 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy and description editIn the indigenous Chamorro language it is referred to as sihek 2 The mysterious extinct Ryukyu kingfisher known from a single specimen is sometimes placed as a subspecies T c miyakoensis Fry et al 1992 but was declared invalid by the International Ornithological Congress in 2022 rendering the species monotypic 3 Among island differences in morphological behavioral and ecological characteristics have been determined sufficient that Micronesian kingfisher populations of which the Guam kingfisher was considered a subspecies should be split into separate species 4 This is a brilliantly colored medium sized kingfisher 20 24 cm in length They have iridescent blue backs and rusty cinnamon heads Adult male Guam kingfishers have cinnamon underparts while females and juveniles are white below They have large laterally flattened bills and dark legs The calls of Micronesian kingfishers are generally raspy chattering 5 Behavior editGuam kingfishers were terrestrial forest generalists that tended to be somewhat secretive The birds nested in cavities excavated from soft wooded trees and arboreal termitaria on Guam 6 Micronesian kingfishers defended permanent territories as breeding pairs and family groups 7 Both sexes care for young and some offspring remain with parents for extended periods Research suggests that thermal environment has the potential to influence reproduction 7 FeedingIn the wild the Guam kingfisher feeds on grasshoppers skinks insects and small crustaceans The birds dive and capture their prey on the ground similar to other species of kingfishers that dive for fish in water 8 Conservation status editThe Guam kingfisher population was extirpated from its native habitat after the introduction of brown tree snakes 9 It was last seen in the wild in 1986 and the birds are now U S listed as endangered 5 The Guam kingfisher persists as a captive population of fewer than two hundred individuals as of 2017 in US mainland and Guam breeding facilities However there are plans to reintroduce the Guam birds to Palmyra Atoll and potentially also back to their native range on Guam if protected areas can be established and the threat of the brown tree snakes is eliminated or better controlled 2 5 Unfortunately however three decades of research and management have yielded little hope for safe habitats on Guam citation needed In popular culture editIn 2023 the Guam kingfisher was featured on a United States Postal Service Forever stamp as part of the Endangered Species set based on a photograph from Joel Sartore s Photo Ark The stamp was dedicated at a ceremony at the National Grasslands Visitor Center in Wall South Dakota 10 References edit BirdLife International 2017 Todiramphus cinnamominus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T22725862A117372355 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 3 RLTS T22725862A117372355 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 a b Magazine Smithsonian Scientists Are Using 3 D Printing Technology to Ready Guam Kingfishers for Reintroduction to the Wild www smithsonianmag com Retrieved 2022 05 09 IOC World Bird List 12 1 IOC World Bird List Datasets doi 10 14344 ioc ml 12 1 S2CID 246050277 Andersen Michael J Shult Hannah T Cibois Alice Thibault Jean Claude Filardi Christopher E Moyle Robert G 2015 Rapid diversification and secondary sympatry in Australo Pacific kingfishers Aves Alcedinidae Todiramphus Royal Society Open Science 2 2 140375 Bibcode 2015RSOS 240375A doi 10 1098 rsos 140375 PMC 4448819 PMID 26064600 a b c ECOS Species Profile ecos fws gov Retrieved 2022 05 09 Marshall Samuel D 1989 Nest Sites of the Micronesian Kingfisher on Guam The Wilson Bulletin 101 3 472 477 ISSN 0043 5643 JSTOR 4162756 a b Kesler Dylan C Lopes Iara F Haig Susan M March 2006 Sex determination of Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers using morphological and molecular genetic techniques Journal of Field Ornithology 77 2 229 232 doi 10 1111 j 1557 9263 2006 00045 x ISSN 0273 8570 S2CID 14034258 Guam kingfisher sihek Smithsonian s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute Retrieved 2024 04 25 Savidge Julie A 1987 Extinction of an Island Forest Avifauna by an Introduced Snake Ecology 68 3 660 668 doi 10 2307 1938471 ISSN 0012 9658 JSTOR 1938471 Postal Service Spotlights Endangered Species United States Postal Service April 19 2023 Retrieved May 11 2023 Laws Rebecca J Kesler Dylan C 2012 A Bayesian network approach for selecting translocation sites for endangered island birds Biological Conservation 155 178 185 doi 10 1016 j biocon 2012 05 016 Kesler Dylan C Haig Susan M 2007 Conservation biology for suites of species Demographic modeling for Pacific island kingfishers Biological Conservation 136 4 520 530 doi 10 1016 j biocon 2006 12 023 S2CID 52254797 Kesler Dylan C Haig Susan M 2007 Multiscale Habitat Use and Selection in Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers The Journal of Wildlife Management 71 3 765 772 doi 10 2193 2006 011 JSTOR 4495250 S2CID 4104260 Kesler Dylan C Haig Susan M 2007 Territoriality Prospecting and Dispersal in Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers Todiramphus Cinnamominus Reichenbachii The Auk 124 2 381 doi 10 1642 0004 8038 2007 124 381 TPADIC 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0004 8038 S2CID 14032686 Kesler Dylan C Haig Susan M 2005 Microclimate and Nest Site Selection in Micronesian Kingfishers Pacific Science 59 4 499 508 doi 10 1353 psc 2005 0045 hdl 10125 24196 S2CID 55536252 Kesler D 2005 Population demography resource use and movement in cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers Thesis S2CID 82407115 Kesler Dylan C Haig Susan M 2004 Thermal characteristics of wild and captive Micronesian kingfisher nesting habitats Zoo Biology 23 4 301 308 doi 10 1002 zoo 20010 Fry C Hilary Fry Kathie Harris Alan 1992 Kingfishers Bee eaters and Rollers Princeton NJ Princeton University Press ISBN 978 0713680287 Haig Susan M Ballou Jonathan D 1995 Genetic Diversity in Two Avian Species Formerly Endemic to Guam The Auk 112 2 445 455 doi 10 2307 4088732 JSTOR 4088732 Haig S M Ballou J D Casna N J 1995 Genetic Identification of Kin in Micronesian Kingfishers Journal of Heredity 86 6 423 431 doi 10 1093 oxfordjournals jhered a111616 Marshall Samuel D 1989 Nest Sites of the Micronesian Kingfisher on Guam The Wilson Bulletin 101 3 472 477 JSTOR 4162756 Pratt H D P L Bruner and D G Berrett 1987 The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific Princeton University Press Princeton NJ Savidge Julie A 1987 Extinction of an Island Forest Avifauna by an Introduced Snake Ecology 68 3 660 668 doi 10 2307 1938471 JSTOR 1938471 U S Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina U S Fish and Wildlife Service 1984 Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants determination of endangered status for seven birds and two bats on Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands Federal Register 50 CFR Part 17 49 167 33881 33885 U S Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 Draft Revised Recovery Plan for the Sihek or Guam Micronesian Kingfisher Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina U S Fish and Wildlife Service Portland OR External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Todiramphus cinnamominus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Todiramphus cinnamominus BirdLife Species Factsheet Micronesian kingfisher Naturalis The Netherlands Philadelphia Zoo Description of Guam Micronesian kingfisher Conservation efforts United States Fish and Wildlife Service Archived 2006 12 09 at the Wayback Machine Threatened and Endangered Animals in the Pacific Islands US Geological Survey USGS Micronesian Avifauna Conservation Projects US Geological Survey The Brown Treesnake on Guam Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guam kingfisher amp oldid 1220746072, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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