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Great black hawk

January 01, 1970

The great black hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga) is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes the eagles, hawks, and Old World vultures.

Great black hawk
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Accipitriformes
Family: Accipitridae
Genus: Buteogallus
Species:
B. urubitinga
Binomial name
Buteogallus urubitinga
(Gmelin, JF, 1788)
Subspecies[2]
  • B. u. ridgwayi - (Gurney Sr, 1884)
  • B. u. urubitinga - (Gmelin, JF, 1788)

Taxonomy edit

The great black hawk was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the eagles, hawks and relatives in the genus Falco and coined the binomial name Falco urubitinga.[3] Gmelin's description was ultimately based on the "urubitinga" that had been described in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae.[4] The great black hawk is now one of nine species placed in the genus Buteogallus was introduced in 1830 by the French naturalist René Lesson.[5][6] The name genus is a portmanteau of Buteo, a genus introduced in 1779 by Bernard Germain de Lacépède for the buzzards and the genus Gallus introduced in 1760 by Mathurin Jacques Brisson for the junglefowl. The specific epithet urubitinga is from Tupi Urubú tinga meaning "big black bird" for such a raptor.[7]

Two subspecies are recognised:[6]

  • B. u. ridgwayi (Gurney, JH Sr, 1884) – Mexico to west Panama
  • B. u. urubitinga (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – east Panama to north Argentina

Description edit

The adult great black hawk is 56 to 64 centimetres (22 to 25 in) long and weighs 1.1 kilograms (2 lb 7 oz). It resembles the common black hawk, but is larger with a different call and tail pattern. It has very broad wings, and is mainly black. The short tail is white with a broad black tip. The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow.

The sexes are similar, but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks. Their underparts are buff with dark spots, and the tail has a number of black and dusky bars. The call of the great black hawk is a distinctive piping ooo-wheeeeee.

Distribution and habitat edit

The great black hawk is a resident breeding bird in the tropical New World, from Mexico through Central America to Peru, Tobago and northern Argentina. It is a mainly coastal bird, but also lives in forests and open woodland near water.

Vagrancy edit

A great black hawk was first recorded in the ABA area on South Padre Island, Texas in April 2018.[8] In August of that year the same individual, based on similarities in what is highly variable immature plumage, resurfaced in Biddeford, Maine.[9] This individual was ranked as the #1 "Craziest Vagrant of 2018" by the ABA.[10]

After disappearing for several months it reappeared in Deering Oaks park in Portland, Maine,[11] where it remained a resident until being rescued during a snow storm on January 20,[12] and transported to the bird rehab facility Avian Haven. The bird was euthanized on January 31 at Avian Haven due to extensive frostbite which prevented blood from reaching either leg or foot.[13] In January 2020 it was mounted and is set to be displayed at the Maine State Museum.[14]

Breeding edit

It builds a large stick nest in a tree, and usually lays one dark-blotched whitish egg.

Diet edit

The great black hawk feeds mainly on reptiles, other small vertebrates (such as amphibians, fish, birds, and small mammals [including bats]), crabs, large insects, carrion, eggs, and fruits, often hunted on foot.[15][16] This species is often seen soaring above woodlands. Along Amazon rivers it has been observed raiding hoatzin nesting colonies looking for eggs and chicks.

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Buteogallus urubitinga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22695827A168797108. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22695827A168797108.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
  3. ^ Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1788). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 265.
  4. ^ Marcgrave, Georg (1648). Historia Naturalis Brasiliae: Liber Quintus: Qui agit de Avibus (in Latin). Lugdun and Batavorum (London and Leiden): Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium. p. 214.
  5. ^ Lesson, René (1831). Traité d'Ornithologie, ou Tableau Méthodique (in French). Paris: F.G. Levrault. p. 83. Published in 8 livraisons between 1830 and 1831. For the publication date see: Dickinson, E.C.; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011). Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
  7. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 81, 397. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  8. ^ Mendenhall, Matt. "Great Black Hawk spotted on South Padre Island, Texas -". BirdWatching. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  9. ^ Writer, Deirdre FlemingStaff (2018-08-09). "Birders flock to Biddeford to view hawk that's been seen only once before in the U.S." Press Herald. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  10. ^ "The TOP 10: Craziest Vagrants of 2018". ABA Blog. 2019-01-31. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  11. ^ Staff Report (2018-11-29). "Rarely seen hawk appears again, this time at Deering Oaks park in Portland". Press Herald. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  12. ^ "Avian Haven". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  13. ^ "Avian Haven". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
  14. ^ "The Great Black Hawk of Deering Oaks mounted, headed to Maine State Museum". WCSH. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  15. ^ "Great Black Hawk | the Peregrine Fund".
  16. ^ Ferguson-Lees, J. & Christie, D.A. & Franklin, K. & Mead, D. & Burton, P.. (2001). Raptors of the world. Helm Identification Guides.
  • ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
  • Hilty, Steven L (2003). Birds of Venezuela. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.

January 01, 1970
great, black, hawk, great, black, hawk, buteogallus, urubitinga, bird, prey, family, accipitridae, which, also, includes, eagles, hawks, world, vultures, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animal. The great black hawk Buteogallus urubitinga is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes the eagles hawks and Old World vultures Great black hawk Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Accipitriformes Family Accipitridae Genus Buteogallus Species B urubitinga Binomial name Buteogallus urubitinga Gmelin JF 1788 Subspecies 2 B u ridgwayi Gurney Sr 1884 B u urubitinga Gmelin JF 1788 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 3 1 Vagrancy 4 Breeding 5 Diet 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe great black hawk was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus s Systema Naturae He placed it with the eagles hawks and relatives in the genus Falco and coined the binomial name Falco urubitinga 3 Gmelin s description was ultimately based on the urubitinga that had been described in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his Historia Naturalis Brasiliae 4 The great black hawk is now one of nine species placed in the genus Buteogallus was introduced in 1830 by the French naturalist Rene Lesson 5 6 The name genus is a portmanteau of Buteo a genus introduced in 1779 by Bernard Germain de Lacepede for the buzzards and the genus Gallus introduced in 1760 by Mathurin Jacques Brisson for the junglefowl The specific epithet urubitinga is from Tupi Urubu tinga meaning big black bird for such a raptor 7 Two subspecies are recognised 6 B u ridgwayi Gurney JH Sr 1884 Mexico to west Panama B u urubitinga Gmelin JF 1788 east Panama to north ArgentinaDescription editThe adult great black hawk is 56 to 64 centimetres 22 to 25 in long and weighs 1 1 kilograms 2 lb 7 oz It resembles the common black hawk but is larger with a different call and tail pattern It has very broad wings and is mainly black The short tail is white with a broad black tip The bill is black and the legs and cere are yellow The sexes are similar but immature birds are dark brown above with spotting and streaks Their underparts are buff with dark spots and the tail has a number of black and dusky bars The call of the great black hawk is a distinctive piping ooo wheeeeee Distribution and habitat editThe great black hawk is a resident breeding bird in the tropical New World from Mexico through Central America to Peru Tobago and northern Argentina It is a mainly coastal bird but also lives in forests and open woodland near water Vagrancy edit A great black hawk was first recorded in the ABA area on South Padre Island Texas in April 2018 8 In August of that year the same individual based on similarities in what is highly variable immature plumage resurfaced in Biddeford Maine 9 This individual was ranked as the 1 Craziest Vagrant of 2018 by the ABA 10 After disappearing for several months it reappeared in Deering Oaks park in Portland Maine 11 where it remained a resident until being rescued during a snow storm on January 20 12 and transported to the bird rehab facility Avian Haven The bird was euthanized on January 31 at Avian Haven due to extensive frostbite which prevented blood from reaching either leg or foot 13 In January 2020 it was mounted and is set to be displayed at the Maine State Museum 14 Breeding editIt builds a large stick nest in a tree and usually lays one dark blotched whitish egg Diet editThe great black hawk feeds mainly on reptiles other small vertebrates such as amphibians fish birds and small mammals including bats crabs large insects carrion eggs and fruits often hunted on foot 15 16 This species is often seen soaring above woodlands Along Amazon rivers it has been observed raiding hoatzin nesting colonies looking for eggs and chicks nbsp immature Pantanal Brazil nbsp In Apure State Venezuela nbsp South BrazilReferences edit BirdLife International 2020 Buteogallus urubitinga IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T22695827A168797108 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T22695827A168797108 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Gill F D Donsker amp P Rasmussen Eds 2020 IOC World Bird List v10 2 doi 10 14344 IOC ML 10 2 Gmelin Johann Friedrich 1788 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis in Latin Vol 1 Part 1 13th ed Lipsiae Leipzig Georg Emanuel Beer p 265 Marcgrave Georg 1648 Historia Naturalis Brasiliae Liber Quintus Qui agit de Avibus in Latin Lugdun and Batavorum London and Leiden Franciscum Hackium and Elzevirium p 214 Lesson Rene 1831 Traite d Ornithologie ou Tableau Methodique in French Paris F G Levrault p 83 Published in 8 livraisons between 1830 and 1831 For the publication date see Dickinson E C Overstreet L K Dowsett R J Bruce M D 2011 Priority The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology a Directory to the literature and its reviewers Northampton UK Aves Press p 119 ISBN 978 0 9568611 1 5 a b Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds August 2022 Hoatzin New World vultures Secretarybird raptors IOC World Bird List Version 12 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 7 December 2022 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 81 397 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Mendenhall Matt Great Black Hawk spotted on South Padre Island Texas BirdWatching Retrieved 2019 02 01 Writer Deirdre FlemingStaff 2018 08 09 Birders flock to Biddeford to view hawk that s been seen only once before in the U S Press Herald Retrieved 2019 02 01 The TOP 10 Craziest Vagrants of 2018 ABA Blog 2019 01 31 Retrieved 2019 02 01 Staff Report 2018 11 29 Rarely seen hawk appears again this time at Deering Oaks park in Portland Press Herald Retrieved 2019 02 01 Avian Haven www facebook com Retrieved 2019 02 01 Avian Haven www facebook com Retrieved 2019 02 01 The Great Black Hawk of Deering Oaks mounted headed to Maine State Museum WCSH Retrieved 2020 03 12 Great Black Hawk the Peregrine Fund Ferguson Lees J amp Christie D A amp Franklin K amp Mead D amp Burton P 2001 Raptors of the world Helm Identification Guides ffrench Richard 1991 A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago 2nd ed Comstock Publishing ISBN 0 8014 9792 2 Hilty Steven L 2003 Birds of Venezuela London Christopher Helm ISBN 0 7136 6418 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Great black hawk amp oldid 1196974129, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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