fbpx
Wikipedia

List of English words from Indigenous languages of the Americas

January 19, 2024

This is a list of English language words borrowed from Indigenous languages of the Americas, either directly or through intermediate European languages such as Spanish or French. It does not cover names of ethnic groups or place names derived from Indigenous languages.

Most words of Native American/First Nations language origin are the common names for indigenous flora and fauna, or describe items of Native American or First Nations life and culture. Some few are names applied in honor of Native Americans or First Nations peoples or due to a vague similarity to the original object of the word. For instance, sequoias are named in honor of the Cherokee leader Sequoyah, who lived 2,000 miles (3200 km) east of that tree's range, while the kinkajou of South America was given a name from the unrelated North American wolverine.

Words from Algonquian languages edit

See also: List of Algonquin ethnonyms and List of Algonquian personal names
 
For a list of words relating to with Algonquian language origins, see the Algonquian derivations category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Since Native Americans and First Nations peoples speaking a language of the Algonquian group were generally the first to meet English explorers and settlers along the Eastern Seaboard, many words from these languages made their way into English.

In addition, many place names in North America are of Algonquian origin, for example: Mississippi (cf. Miami-Illinois: mihsisiipiiwi and Ojibwe: misiziibi, "great river," referring to the Mississippi River)[1][2] and Michigan (cf. Miami-Illinois: meehcakamiwi, Ojibwe: Mishigami, "great sea," referring to Lake Michigan).[2][3] Canadian provinces and U.S. states, districts, counties and municipalities bear Algonquian names, such as Québec, Ottawa, Saskatchewan, Nantucket, Massachusetts, Naugatuck, Connecticut, Wyoming, District of Keewatin, Outagamie County, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois, or Algonquian-derived names, such as Algoma.

Furthermore, some indigenous peoples of the Americas groups are known better by their Algonquian exonyms, rather than by their endonym, such as the Eskimo (see below), Winnebago (perhaps from Potawatomi: winpyéko, lit. '(people of the) dirty water'),[4] Sioux (ultimately from Ottawa: naadowesiwag),[4] Assiniboine (Ojibwe: asiniibwaan, lit. 'stone Sioux')[2] and Chipewyan (Cree: čīpwayān, lit. '(those who have) pointed skins or hides').[5]

Apishamore (definition)
From a word in an Algonquian language meaning "something to lie down upon"[6] (c.f. Ojibwe apishimon).[2]
Atamasco lily (definition)
Earlier "attamusca", from Powhatan.[7][8]
Babiche (definition)
From Míkmaq ápapíj (from ápapi, "cord, thread", Proto-Algonquian *aʔrapa·pyi, from *aʔrapy-, "net" + *-a·by-, "string".[9]
Caribou (definition)
From Míkmaq qalipu, "snow-shoveler" (from qalipi, "shovel snow", Proto-Algonquian *maka·ripi-).[10]
Caucus (definition)
The etymology is disputed: two possible sources are an Algonquian word for "counsel", 'cau´-cau-as´u'; or the Algonquian cawaassough, meaning an advisor, talker, or orator.[11]
Chinkapin (definition)
From Powhatan chechinquamins,[12] reconstituted as */t͡ʃiːht͡ʃiːnkweːmins/, the plural form.[13]
Chipmunk (definition)
Originally "chitmunk," from Odawa jidmoonh[14] /t͡ʃɪtmő/ (c.f. Ojibwe ajidamoo(nh)),[2] "American red squirrel".
Cisco (definition)
Originally "siscowet," from Ojibwe language bemidewiskaawed "greasy-bodied [fish]".[15]
Eskimo (definition)
From Old Montagnais aiachkimeou ([aːjast͡ʃimeːw]; modern ayassimēw), meaning "snowshoe-netter" (often incorrectly claimed to be from an Ojibwe word meaning "eaters of raw [meat]"), and originally used to refer to the Mikmaq.[16][17]
Hackmatack (definition)
From an Algonquian language akemantak (c.f. Ojibwe aagimaandag), "snowshoe boughs".[citation needed]
Hickory (definition)
From Powhatan <pocohiquara>, "milky drink made with hickory nuts".[18][19]
Hominy (definition)
From Powhatan <uskatahomen>/<usketchaumun>, literally "that which is treated", in this case "that which is ground/beaten".[20]
Husky (definition)
Ultimately from a variant form of the word "Eskimo" (see above).[21]
Kinkajou (definition)
From an Algonquian word meaning "wolverine" (c.f. Algonquin kwingwaage, Ojibwe gwiingwa'aage),[2] through French quincajou.[22]
Kinnikinnick (definition)
From Unami Delaware /kələkːəˈnikːan/, "mixture" (c.f. Ojibwe giniginige "to mix something animate with something inanimate"),[2] from Proto-Algonquian *kereken-, "mix (it) with something different by hand".[23]
Mackinaw (definition)
From michilmackinac, from Menomini mishilimaqkināhkw, "be large like a snapping turtle",[citation needed] or from Ojibwe mishi-makinaak, "large snapping turtle" with French -ile-, "island".[citation needed]
Moccasin (definition)
From an Algonquian language, perhaps Powhatan <mockasin>,[24] reconstituted as */mahkesen/[25](c.f. Ojibwe makizin,[2] Míkmaq mɨkusun,[26] from Proto-Algonquian *maxkeseni).[27]
Moose (definition)
From Eastern Abenaki moz, reinforced by cognates from other Algonquian languages[28][29] (e.g. Massachusett/Narragansett moos,[29] Ojibwe moo(n)z,[2] Lenape mus 'elk'[30]), from Proto-Algonquian *mo·swa.[29]
Mugwump (definition)
From "mugquomp", a shortening of Massachusett <muggumquomp>, "war chief" (Proto-Algonquian *memekwa·pe·wa, from *memekw-, "swift" + *-a·pe·, "man").[31]
Muskellunge (definition)
Ultimately from Ojibwe maashkinoozhe,[2] "ugly pike" (c.f. ginoozhe, "pike").
Muskeg (definition)
From Cree maskēk, "swamp"[32] (Proto-Algonquian *maškye·kwi).[33]
Muskrat (definition)
A folk-etymologized reshaping of earlier "musquash", from Massachusett (c.f. Western Abenaki mòskwas), apparently from Proto-Algonquian *mo·šk, "bob (at the surface of the water)" + *-exkwe·-, "head" + a derivational ending).[33]
Opossum (definition)
From Powhatan <apasum>/<opussum>/<aposoum>, "white dog-like animal",[34] reconstituted as */aːpassem/[35] (c.f. Proto-Algonquian *waːp-aʔθemwa, "white dog").[36][37]
Papoose (definition)
From Narragansett <papoòs>[38] or Massachusett <pappouse>, "baby".[39]
Pecan (definition)
From Illinois pakani (c.f. Ojibwe bagaan),[2] "nut", from Proto-Algonquian *paka·ni.[40]
Pemmican (definition)
From Cree pimihkān, from pimihkēw, "to make grease" (Proto-Algonquian *pemihke·wa, from *pemy-, "grease" + -ehke·, "to make").[41]
Persimmon (definition)
From Powhatan <pessemins>/<pushemins>, reconstituted as */pessiːmin/.[42] While the final element reflects Proto-Algonquian *-min, "fruit, berry", the initial is unknown.[43]
Pipsissewa (definition)
From Abenaki kpipskwáhsawe, "flower of the woods".[38][44]
Pokeweed (definition)
Probably from "puccoon" (see below) + "weed".[38]
Pone (definition)
From Powhatan <poan>/<appoans>, "something roasted" (reconstituted as */apoːn/)[45] (c.f. Ojibwe abwaan),[2] from Proto-Algonquian *apwa·n.[46]
Powwow (definition)
From Narragansett powwaw, "shaman" (Proto-Algonquian *pawe·wa, "to dream, to have a vision").[47]
Puccoon (definition)
From Powhatan <poughkone>,[38] reconstituted as */pakkan/[48] (c.f. Unami Delaware [pɛːkɔːn], 'red dye; the plant from which dye is made').[49][50]
Pung
A low box-like sleigh designed for one horse. Shortened form of "tom-pung" (from the same etymon as "toboggan") from an Algonquian language of Southern New England.[51]
Punkie (definition)
Via Dutch, from Munsee [ponkwəs] (Proto-Algonquian *penkwehsa, from *penkw-, "dust, ashes" + *-ehs, a diminutive suffix).[52]
Quahog (definition)
From Narragansett <poquaûhock>.[53]
Quonset hut (definition)
From an Algonquian language of southern New England, possibly meaning "small long place" (with <qunni->, "long" + <-s->, diminutive + <-et>, locative).[54]
Raccoon (definition)
From Powhatan <arahkun>/<aroughcun>,[55] tentatively reconstituted as */aːreːhkan/.[56]
Sachem (definition)
From an Algonquian language of southern New England,[57] c.f. Narragansett <sâchim> (Proto-Eastern Algonquian *sākimāw, "chief").[58]
Sagamore (definition)
From Eastern Abenaki sakəma (c.f. Narragansett <sâchim>), "chief", from Proto-Eastern Algonquian *sākimāw.[58]
Scup (definition)
Shortened from scuppaug, which is from Narragansett mishcùppaûog.[59]
Shoepac (definition)
From Unami Delaware [t͡ʃipahkɔ] "shoes" (singular [t͡ʃiːpːakw]), altered on analogy with English "shoe".[60]
Skunk (definition)
From Massachusett <squnck>[citation needed] (Proto-Algonquian *šeka·kwa, from *šek-, "to urinate" + *-a·kw, "fox").[61]
Squash (fruit) (definition)
From Narragansett <askútasquash>.[62]
Squaw (definition)
From Massachusett <squa> (c.f. Cree iskwē, Ojibwe ikwe),[2] "woman", from Proto-Algonquian *eθkwe·wa.[62]
Succotash (definition)
From Narragansett <msíckquatash>, "boiled whole kernels of corn" (Proto-Algonquian *mesi·nkwete·wari, singular *mesi·nkwete·, from *mes-, "whole" + *-i·nkw-, "eye [=kernel]" + -ete·, "to cook").[63]
Tabagie (definition)
From Algonquin tabaguia.[64]
Tautog (definition)
From Narragansett tautaũog.[65]
Terrapin (definition)
Originally "torope," from an Eastern Algonquian language, perhaps Powhatan (reconstituted as */toːrepeːw/)[66] (c.f. Munsee Delaware /toːlpeːw/),[67] from Proto-Eastern Algonquian *tōrəpēw.[68]
Toboggan (definition)
From Míkmaq topaqan[69] or Maliseet-Passamaquoddy /tʰaˈpakən/[70] (Proto-Algonquian *weta·pye·kani, from *wet-, "to drag" + *-a·pye·-, "cordlike object" + *-kan, "instrument for").[69]
Tomahawk (definition)
From Powhatan <tamahaac> (Proto-Algonquian *temaha·kani, from *temah-, "to cut" + *-a·kan, "instrument for").[71]
Totem (definition)
From Ojibwe nindoodem, "my totem" or odoodeman, "his totem," referring to a kin group.[72]
Tuckahoe (definition)
From Powhatan <tockawhoughe>/<tockwhough>/<taccaho>, "root used for bread", reconstituted as */takwahahk/[73] (perhaps from Proto-Algonquian *takwah-, "pound (it)/reduce (it) to flour").[74]
Tullibee (definition)
From Old Ojibwe */otoːlipiː/[75] (modern odoonibii).[2]
Wampum (definition)
Earlier "wampumpeag", from Massachusett, and meaning "white strings [of beads]" (c.f. Maliseet: wapapiyik,[76] Eastern Abenaki wápapəyak, Ojibwe waabaabiinyag),[2] from Proto-Algonquian *wa·p-, "white" + *-a·py-, "string-like object" + *-aki, plural.[77][78]
Wanigan (definition)
From Ojibwa waanikaan, "storage pit".[79]
Wapiti (elk) (definition)
From Shawnee waapiti, "white rump" (c.f. Ojibwe waabidiy),[2] from Proto-Algonquian *wa·petwiya, from *wa·p-, "white" + *-etwiy, "rump".[80]
Wickiup (definition)
From Fox wiikiyaapi, from the same Proto-Algonquian etymon as "wigwam" (see below).[81]
Wigwam (definition)
From Eastern Abenaki wìkəwam (c.f. Ojibwe wiigiwaam),[2] from Proto-Algonquian *wi·kiwa·Hmi.[82]
Woodchuck (definition)
Reshaped on analogy with "wood" and "chuck", from an Algonquian language of southern New England (c.f. Narragansett <ockqutchaun>, "woodchuck").[83]

Words from Nahuatl edit

 
For a list of words relating to with Nahuatl language origins, see the Nahuatl derivations category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Unless otherwise specified, Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique is among the sources used for each etymology

Words of Nahuatl origin have entered many European languages. Mainly they have done so via Spanish. Most words of Nahuatl origin end in a form of the Nahuatl "absolutive suffix" (-tl, -tli, or -li, or the Spanish adaptation -te), which marked unpossessed nouns.

Achiote (definition)
from āchiotl [aːˈt͡ʃiot͡ɬ]
Atlatl (definition)
from ahtlatl [ˈaʔt͡ɬat͡ɬ]
Atole (definition)
from atōlli [ˈaːtoːlli]
Avocado (definition)
from āhuacatl, 'avocado' or 'testicle' [aːˈwakat͡ɬ], via Spanish aguacate and later avocado (influenced by early Spanish abogado 'lawyer')[84]
Axolotl (definition)
āxōlōtl [aːˈʃoːloːt͡ɬ], via Spanish, ultimately from ā-, 'water' + xōlōtl, 'male servant'[85]
Aztec (definition)
from aztecatl 'coming from Aztlan', via Spanish Azteca[86]
Cacao (definition) and Cocoa (definition)
from cacahuatl [kaˈkawat͡ɬ]
Chayote (definition)
from chayohtli [t͡ʃaˈjoʔt͡ɬi]
Chia (definition)
from chiyan [ˈt͡ʃi.jan]
Chicle (definition)
from tzictli [ˈt͡sikt͡ɬi]
Chili (definition)
from chīlli [ˈt͡ʃiːlːi][87]
Chipotle (definition)
from chilpoctli 'smoked chili', from chili + poctli 'smoke'[88]
Chocolate (definition)
Often said to be from Nahuatl xocolātl[38] or chocolātl,[89] which would be derived from xococ 'bitter' and ātl 'water' (with an irregular change of x to ch).[90] However, the form xocolātl is not directly attested, and chocolatl does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century. Some researchers have recently proposed that the chocol- element was originally chicol-, and referred to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate.[91]
Copal (definition)
from copalli[92]
Coyote (definition)
from coyōtl via Spanish[93]
Epazote (definition)
from epazōtl
Guacamole (definition)
from āhuacamōlli, from āhuaca-, 'avocado', and mōlli, 'sauce', via Mexican Spanish[94]
Hoatzin (definition)
from huāctzin[95]
Jicama (definition)
from xicamatl
Mesquite (definition)
from mizquitl [ˈmiskit͡ɬ], via Spanish mezquite[96]
Mezcal (definition)
from mexcalli [meʃˈkalːi] metl [met͡ɬ] and ixcalli [iʃˈkalːi] which mean 'oven cooked agave.'[97]
Mole (definition)
from mōlli [ˈmoːlːi], 'sauce'
Nixtamalization (definition)
from nixtamalli
Nopal (definition)
from nohpalli [noʔˈpalːi], 'prickly pear cactus', via American Spanish[98]
Ocelot (definition)
from ocēlōtl [oːˈseːloːt͡ɬ] 'jaguar', via French[99]
Ocotillo (definition)
from ocotl 'pine, torch made of pine', via Mexican Spanish ocote + diminutive -illo[100]
Peyote (definition)
from peyōtl [ˈpejoːt͡ɬ]. Nahuatl probably borrowed the root peyō- from another language, but the source is not known.[101]
Pinole (definition)
from pinolli, via Spanish
Quetzal (definition)
from quetzalli [keˈt͡salːi], 'quetzal feather'.[102]
Sapodilla (definition)
from tzapocuahuitl
Sapota (definition)
from tzapotl [ˈt͡sapot͡ɬ]
Shack (definition)
possibly from xahcalli [ʃaʔˈkalːi], 'grass hut', by way of Mexican Spanish.[38][103]
Sotol (definition)
from tzotolli[104]
Tamale (definition)
from tamalli [taˈmalːi], via Spanish tamal. The Spanish plural is tamales, and the English derives from a false singular tamale.[105]
Tequila
from téquitl 'work' + tlan 'place'
Tlacoyo (definition)
from tlahtlaōyoh [t͡ɬɑʔt͡ɬɑˈoːjoʔ]
Tomato (definition)
from tomatl [ˈtomat͡ɬ], via Spanish tomate. The change from tomate to tomato was likely influenced by the spelling of potato[106]
Tule (definition)
from tōllin [ˈtoːlːin], 'reed, bulrush'

Words from Quechua edit

Unless otherwise specified, Words in English from Amerindian Languages is among the sources used for each etymology

A number of words from Quechua have entered English, mostly via Spanish, adopting Hispanicized spellings.

Ayahuasca (definition)
from aya "corpse" and waska "rope", via Spanish ayahuasca
Cachua (definition)
from qhachwa
Chinchilla(definition)
possibly from Quechua. May be from Spanish chinche
Chuño (definition)
from ch'uñu
Coca (definition)
from kuka, via Spanish coca
Cocaine (definition)
from kuka (see above), probably via French cocaïne
Condor (definition)
from kuntur, via Spanish cóndor
Gran Chaco (definition)
from chaku, "hunt"
Guanaco (definition)
from wanaku
Guano (definition)
from wanu via Spanish guano
Inca (definition)
from Inka "lord, king"
Jerky (definition)
from ch'arki, via Spanish charquí
Lagniappe (definition)
from yapay, "add, addition", via Spanish la yapa (with the definite article la).
Lima (definition)
from rimay, "speak" (from the name of the city, named for the Rimaq river ("speaking river"))
Llama (definition)
from llama, via Spanish
Lucuma (definition)
from lukuma, via Spanish[107]
Mashua (definition)
from maswa
Pampa (definition)
from pampa, "a large plain", via Spanish
Pisco (definition)
from pisqu, "bird"
Puma (definition)
from puma, via Spanish
Quinine (definition)
from kinakina, via Spanish quina
Quinoa (definition)
from kinwa, via Spanish quinoa
Quipu (definition)
from khipu, via Spanish quipo[108]
Soroche (definition)
from suruqchi or suruqch'i, "Altitude sickness"[109][110]
Vicuña (definition)
from wik'uña, via Spanish vicuña
Viscacha (definition)
from wisk'acha, via Spanish vizcacha[111]

Words from Eskaleut languages edit

Anorak (definition)
from Greenlandic Inuit annoraaq[112]
Chimo (definition)
from the Inuktitut word saimo (ᓴᐃᒧ Inuktitut pronunciation: [sa.iˈmo], a word of greeting, farewell, and toast before drinking.[113] Used as a greeting and cheer by the Canadian Military Engineers, and more widely in some parts of Southern Ontario and Western Canada, particularly in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan[citation needed]
Igloo (definition)
from Inuktitut iglu (ᐃᒡᓗ Inuktitut pronunciation: [iɣˈlu])[114]
Ilanaaq (definition)
Inuktitut ilanaaq (ᐃᓚᓈᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation: [ilanaːk]), "friend". Name of the logo for the 2010 Winter Olympics
Inuksuk (definition)
from Inuktitut inuksuk (ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation: [inukˈsuk])[114]
Kayak (definition)
from Inuktitut qajaq (ᖃᔭᖅ Inuktitut pronunciation: [qaˈjaq])[114]
Malamute (definition)
from Inupiaq Malimiut, the name of an Inupiaq subgroup[115]
Mukluk (definition)
from Yupik maklak ([makɬak]), "bearded seal"[114]
Nanook (definition)
from Inuktitut word for polar bear Nanuq (ᓇᓄᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation: [naˈnuq]),[116] "polar bear", made famous in English due to a 1922 documentary Nanook of the North, featuring a man with this name.
Nunatak (definition)
from Greenlandic Inuit nunataq[117]
Tiktaalik (definition)
from Inuktitut tiktaalik (ᑎᒃᑖᓕᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation: [tiktaːlik]), "large freshwater fish"[118]
Umiaq (definition)

Words from Arawakan languages edit

Anole (definition)
from an Arawakan language, or possibly Cariban, via French anolis.[119][120][121]
Barbecue (definition)
from an Arawakan language of Haiti barbakoa, "framework of sticks",[122] via Spanish barbacoa.[123]
Buccaneer (definition)
from an Arawakan language buccan, "a wooden frame on which Taínos and Caribs slowly roasted or smoked meat", via French boucane.[124]
Cacique or cassique (definition)
from Taíno cacike or Arawak kassequa "chieftain"[125]
Caiman (definition)
from a Ta-Maipurean language, "water spirit" (c.f. Garifuna [aɡaiumã]),[126][127] though possibly ultimately of African origin.[128]
Canoe (definition)
from Taíno via Spanish canoa.[129]
Cassava (definition)
from Taíno caçabi, "manioc meal", via Spanish or Portuguese.[130]
Cay (definition)
from Taíno, via Spanish cayo.[131]
Guaiac (definition)
from Taíno guayacan via Spanish and Latin.[132]
Guava (definition)
from an Arawakan language, by way of Spanish guayaba.[133]
Hammock (definition)
from Taíno, via Spanish hamaca.[134]
Hurricane (definition)
from Taíno hurakán, via Spanish.[135]
Iguana (definition)
from an Arawakan language iwana.[136][137]
Macana (definition)
from Taíno macana via Spanish.
Maize (definition)
from Taíno mahís, via Spanish.[138][139]
Mangrove (definition)
from Taíno, via Spanish mangle or Portuguese mangue.[140]
Papaya (definition)
from Taíno.[141]
Potato (definition)
from Taíno or Haitian Carib batata 'sweet potato', via Spanish patata.[142][143][144][145]
Savanna (definition)
from Taíno zabana, via Spanish.[146]
Tobacco (definition)
probably from an Arawakan language, via Spanish: tabaco.[69]
Yuca (definition)
from Taíno, via Spanish.[147]

Words from Tupi-Guaraní edit

Acai (definition)
from Tupi *ɨβasaí, via Brazilian Portuguese assaí, uaçaí, açaí.[148]
Ani (definition)
from Tupi *anúʔí.[149]
Agouti (definition)
from Tupi–Guaraní akutí, via Portuguese aguti through French.[150][151][152]
Cashew (definition)
from Tupí acaîu, via Portuguese caju.[153]
Capybara (definition)
from Guaraní kapibári 'the grass eater ' via Portuguese capivara through French.
Catupiry (definition)
from Guaraní katupyry via Brazilian Portuguese.[154]
Cayenne (definition)
from Tupí kyinha via French.[155]
Cougar (definition)
ultimately corrupted from Guaraní guaçu ara.[156]
Jaguar (definition)
from Tupinambá via Portuguese jaguar through French /jaˈwar-/,.[157][158]
Jaguarundi (definition)
from Guaraní via Portuguese.
Maraca (definition)
from Tupí maraka via Portuguese.
Macaw (definition)
via Portuguese Macau from Tupi macavuana, which may be the name of a type of palm tree the fruit of which the birds eat.[159]
Manioc (definition)
from Tupinambá via Portuguese man(d)ioca through French /maniˈʔok-/.[157]
Petunia (definition)
from Tupí petun 'smoke' via Portuguese.
Piranha (definition)
from Tupí pirã́ja, pirã́nʸa, from pirá 'fish' + ã́ja, ã́nʸa 'tooth', via Portuguese.[160][161]
Seriema (definition)
from Tupinambá siriema 'the crested one' via Portuguese
Tapioca (definition)
from Tupinambá /tɨpɨˈʔok-a/[157] 'juice squeezed out', from tipi 'residue, dregs' + og, ok 'to squeeze out',[162] via Portuguese.[163]
Tapir (definition)
from Tupinambá via Portuguese tapir through French /tapiˈʔir-/.[157]
Tegu (definition)
from Tupinambá teiú-guaçú 'big lizard' via Portuguese teiú
Toucan (definition)
from Tupinambá via Portuguese tucano through French /tuˈkan-/,[157] via Portuguese and French.[164]

Words from other indigenous languages of the Americas edit

Abalone (definition)
from Rumsen awlun and Ohlone aluan, via Spanish abulón.[165]
Alpaca (definition)
from Aymara allpaka, via Spanish.[166]
Appaloosa (definition)
Either named for the Palouse River, whose name comes from Sahaptin palú:s, "what is standing up in the water"; or for Opelousas, Louisiana, which may come from Choctaw api losa, "black body".[167]
Barracuda (definition)
from Spanish, perhaps originally from Carib.[168]
Bayou (definition)
from early Choctaw bayuk, "creek, river", via French.[169]
Camas (definition)
from Nez Perce qémʼes.[170]
Cannibal (definition)
via Spanish Caníbalis, from a Cariban language, meaning "person, Indian",[171] (Proto-Cariban *karípona),[172] based on the Spaniards' belief that the Caribs ate human flesh.[173]
Catalpa (definition)
from Creek katałpa "head-wing", with (i)ká, "head" + (i)táłpa, "wing".[174]
Cenote (definition)
from Yucatec Maya dzonot or ts'onot[175] meaning "well".[176]
Cheechako (definition)
from Chinook Jargon chee + chako, "new come". Chee comes from Lower Chinook čxi, "straightaway", and for chako c.f. Nuuchahnulth čokwaa, "come!"[177]
Chicha
via Spanish from Kuna chichab, "maize" or from Nahuatl chichiatl, "fermented water."
Chinook (definition)
from Lower Chehalis tsʼinúk, the name of a village,[178][179] via Chinook Trade Jargon.
Chuckwalla (definition)
from Cahuilla čáxwal.[180]
Coho (definition)
from Halkomelem k̉ʷə́xʷəθ ([kʷʼəxʷəθ]).[38][181][182]
Coontie (definition)
from Creek conti hetaka.
Coypu (definition)
from Mapudungun coipu, via American Spanish coipú.[183]
Degu (definition)
from Mapudungun deuñ, via Spanish.
Divi-divi (definition)
from Cumanagoto.
Dory (definition)
from Miskito dóri, dúri.
Eulachon (definition)
from a Cree adaptation of Chinook Trade Jargon ulâkân,[184] itself a borrowing of Clatsap u-tlalxwə(n), "brook trout".[185]
Gaucho (definition)
via Spanish, probably from a South American indigenous language, cf. Araucanian cauchu 'wanderer'.[186]
Geoduck (definition)
from Lushootseed (Nisqually) gʷídəq.[187][188]
Guan (definition)
from Kuna kwama.[189]
High muckamuck (definition)
from Chinook Jargon [ˈmʌkəmʌk], "eat, food, drink", of unknown origin.[190]
Hogan (definition)
from Navajo hooghan.[191]
Hooch (definition)
a shortening of "Hoochinoo", the name of a Tlingit village, from Tlingit xutsnuuwú, "brown bear fort".[192][193]
Kachina (definition)
from Hopi katsína, "spirit being".[194]
Jojoba (definition)
via Spanish, from some Uto-Aztecan language, cf. O'odham hohowai and Yaqui hohoovam.[195]
Kiva (definition)
from Hopi kíva (containing ki-, "house").[196]
Kokanee (definition)
perhaps from Twana kəknǽxw.[197]
Manatee (definition)
via Spanish manatí, from a word in a Cariban language meaning "(woman's) breast".[198][199][200]
Ohunka
from Lakota "false", "untrue".[201]
Peccary (definition)
from Galilbi Carib pakira.
Piki (definition)
from Hopi.
Pogonip (definition)
from Shoshone /pakɨnappɨ/ ([paˈɣɨnappɨ̥]), "fog".[202]
Poncho (definition)
from Mapudungun pontho "woolen fabric", via Spanish.[203][204]
Potlatch (definition)
from Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) p̉aƛp̉ač ([pʼatɬpʼat͡ʃ], reduplication of p̉a, "to make ceremonial gifts in potlatch", with the iterative suffix -č) via Chinook Jargon.[205]
Salal (definition)
from Chinook Trade Jargon [səˈlæl], from Lower Chinook salál.[206]
Saguaro (definition)
via Spanish, from some indigenous language, possibly Opata.[207]
Sasquatch (definition)
From Halkomelem [ˈsæsqʼəts].[208]
Sego (definition)
from Ute-Southern Paiute /siˈkuʔa/ ([siˈɣuʔa]).[209]
Sequoia (definition)
from a Cherokee personal name, <Sikwayi>, with no further known etymology.[210]
Sockeye (definition)
from Halkomelem /ˈsθəqəʔj/.[211]
Skookum (definition)
from Chinook Jargon [ˈskukəm], "powerful, supernaturally dangerous", from Lower Chehalis skʷəkʷə́m, "devil, anything evil, spirit monster".[212][213]
Tamarin (definition)
from a Cariban language, via French.[214]
Tipi (definition)
from Lakota thípi, "house".[67]
Tupelo (definition)
Perhaps from Creek ’topilwa, "swamp-tree", from íto, "tree" + opílwa, "swamp".[215]
Wapatoo (definition)
from Chinook Jargon [ˈwapato], "arrowroot, wild potato", from Upper Chinook [wa]-, a noun prefix + [pato], which comes from Kalapuyan [pdóʔ], "wild potato".[216]
Wakinyan (definition)
from Lakota wa, "people/things" + kiŋyaŋ, "to fly".[217]
Yaupon (definition)
from Catawba yąpą, from yą, "wood/tree" + pą, "leaf".[218]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Klak, Thomas. . Myaamia Project. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nichols, John, and Earl Nyholm. 1995. A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
  3. ^ "Some Illinois Words:Places". www.museum.state.il.us.
  4. ^ a b Campbell (1997:399)
  5. ^ Campbell (1997:395)
  6. ^ Chamberlain, Alexander F. (1902). "Algonkian Words in American English: A Study in the Contact of the White Man and the Indian". The Journal of American Folklore. 15 (59): 240–267. doi:10.2307/533199. JSTOR 533199.
  7. ^ RHD (1987:129)
  8. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  9. ^ "Babiche". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  10. ^ RHD (1987:315-16)
  11. ^ Wilson, James (1999). The Earth Shall Weep. New York City, NY: Atlantic Monthly Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 0-87113-730-5.
  12. ^ RHD (1987:361)
  13. ^ Siebert (1975:323)
  14. ^ Rhodes, Richard A. 1985. Eastern Ojibwa–Chippewa–Ottawa Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
  15. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  16. ^ Campbell (1997:394)
  17. ^ Goddard, Ives (1984). "Synonymy". In "Arctic", ed. David Damas. Vol. 5 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 5:5–6
  18. ^ RHD (1987:900)
  19. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Archived from the original on 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  20. ^ RHD (1987:915)
  21. ^ Harper, Douglas. "husky". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  22. ^ "Kinkajou". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  23. ^ RHD (1987:1058)
  24. ^ Bright (2004:291)
  25. ^ Siebert (1975:381)
  26. ^ Harper, Douglas. "moccasin". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  27. ^ RHD (1987:1235)
  28. ^ Bright (2004:297)
  29. ^ a b c RHD (1987:1247)
  30. ^ . Lenape Talking Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
  31. ^ RHD (1987:1261)
  32. ^ Bright (2004:304)
  33. ^ a b RHD (1987:1268)
  34. ^ RHD (1987:1359)
  35. ^ Siebert (1975:363)
  36. ^ "Comments by Michael McCafferty on "Readers' Feedback (page 4)"". The KryssTal. Retrieved 2007-02-23.
  37. ^ "Opossum". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
  39. ^ RHD (1987:1405)
  40. ^ RHD (1987:1427)
  41. ^ RHD (1987:1432)
  42. ^ Siebert (1975:367)
  43. ^ RHD (1987:1445)
  44. ^ RHD (1987:1474)
  45. ^ Siebert (1975:320)
  46. ^ RHD (1987:1503)
  47. ^ Bright (2004:397)
  48. ^ Siebert (1975:369)
  49. ^ RHD (1987:1563)
  50. ^ "pèkòn". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Delaware Tribe of Indians. Retrieved July 29, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  51. ^ "Pung". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-11.
  52. ^ RHD (1987:1568)
  53. ^ RHD (1987:1578)
  54. ^ Bright (2004:406)
  55. ^ RHD (1987:1590)
  56. ^ Siebert (1975:370)
  57. ^ RHD (1987:1688)
  58. ^ a b Goddard, Ives (1978). "Eastern Algonquian languages", in "Northeast", ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 75
  59. ^ "Definition of SCUP". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  60. ^ RHD (1987:1768)
  61. ^ Bright (2004:452-453)
  62. ^ a b RHD (1987:1850)
  63. ^ RHD (1987:1899)
  64. ^ Wiener, Leo (1922). Africa and the Discovery of America, Volume 2. Innes & Sons. ISBN 9780598714107. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  65. ^ "Definition of TAUTOG". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  66. ^ Siebert (1975:394)
  67. ^ a b Bright (2004:489)
  68. ^ RHD (1987:1960)
  69. ^ a b c RHD (1987:1990)
  70. ^ Bright (2004:499)
  71. ^ RHD (1987:1993)
  72. ^ "Totem". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  73. ^ Siebert (1975:397)
  74. ^ RHD (1987:2033)
  75. ^ RHD (1987:2034)
  76. ^ Francis & Leavitt. 2008. A Passamaquoddy–Maliseet Dictionary. Orono: University of Maine Press. Page 588.
  77. ^ "Wampumpeag". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-31.
  78. ^ RHD (1987:2140)
  79. ^ Wanigan American Heritage Dictionary of English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000
  80. ^ RHD (1987:2141)
  81. ^ RHD (1987:2172)
  82. ^ RHD (1987:2173)
  83. ^ RHD (1987:2186)
  84. ^ "avocado | Origin and meaning of avocado by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  85. ^ "Axolotl". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-04-27.
  86. ^ "aztec | Origin and meaning of the name aztec by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  87. ^ "chili | Origin and meaning of chili by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  88. ^ "chipotle | Origin and meaning of chipotle by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  89. ^ "Chocolate". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  90. ^ Karttunen, Frances (1983). An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl. Austin: University of Texas Press, p. 54.
  91. ^ Dakin, Karen and Wichmann, Søren (2000). 'Cacao and Chocolate: An Uto-Aztec perspective.' Ancient Mesoamerica, vol. 11, pp.55–75.
  92. ^ "Definition of COPAL". www.merriam-webster.com.
  93. ^ "coyote | Origin and meaning of coyote by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  94. ^ "guacamole | Origin and meaning of guacamole by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  95. ^ "Definition of HOATZIN". www.merriam-webster.com.
  96. ^ "mesquite | Origin and meaning of mesquite by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  97. ^ What is Mezcal? Elmezcal.org 2012-03-19 at the Wayback Machine
  98. ^ "nopal | Origin and meaning of nopal by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  99. ^ "ocelot | Origin and meaning of ocelot by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  100. ^ "Definition of OCOTILLO". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  101. ^ Campbell (1997:403, n. 53)
  102. ^ RHD (1987:1585)
  103. ^ shack 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
  104. ^ "Home : Oxford English Dictionary".
  105. ^ "tamale | Origin and meaning of tamale by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  106. ^ "tomato | Origin and meaning of tomato by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  107. ^ "Definition of LUCUMA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  108. ^ "Definition of QUIPU". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  109. ^ Vocabulario Comparativo Quechua Cuzqueño-Quechua Boliviano 2011-12-26 at the Wayback Machine(PDF)
  110. ^ . Webster's Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
  111. ^ "Definition of VISCACHA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  112. ^ "the definition of anorak". www.dictionary.com.
  113. ^ Bill Casselman's Canadian Word of the Day entry for Chimo 2010-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
  114. ^ a b c d Foretescue, Michael, Steven Jacobson, and Lawrence Kaplan (1994). Comparative Eskimo Dictionary, with Aleut Cognates. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center
  115. ^ "the definition of malamute". www.dictionary.com.
  116. ^ "nanuq". Asuilaak Living Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
  117. ^ "Definition of NUNATAK". www.merriam-webster.com.
  118. ^ Shubin, Neil (2008). Your Inner Fish: A Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History of the Human Body. New York: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780375424472.
  119. ^ "Anole". Merriam Webster's Online Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  120. ^ Campbell (1997:11)
  121. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Yourdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2007-03-23. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  122. ^ Harper, Douglas. "barbecue". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  123. ^ "Barbecue". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  124. ^ . Mikipedia. Archived from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
  125. ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cacique, 2008. Retrieved 1 July 2008
  126. ^ Taylor, Douglas. (1980). "A Note on the Derivation of the Word Cayman." International Journal of American Linguistics 46:47-48
  127. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. On yourdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2007-08-27. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  128. ^ Harper, Douglas. "caiman". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
  129. ^ Bright (2004:80)
  130. ^ "Cassava". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  131. ^ "Key". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  132. ^ "Definition of GUAIACUM".
  133. ^ "Guava". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  134. ^ "Hammock". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  135. ^ "Hurricane". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  136. ^ "Iguana". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  137. ^ "Iguana". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  138. ^ "Maize". Oxford English Dictionary.
  139. ^ "Maize". Dictionary.com.
  140. ^ Bright (2004:265)
  141. ^ "Papaya". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
  142. ^ Bright (2004:395)
  143. ^ "potato - Origin and meaning of potato by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  144. ^ "Definition of POTATO". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  145. ^ Dean, Sam (14 March 2013). "The Etymology of the Word "Potato"". Bon Appétit. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  146. ^ RHD (1987:1707)
  147. ^ "Yucca". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  148. ^ "Definition of ACAI". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  149. ^ "Definition of ANI". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  150. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Yourdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2007-01-29. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  151. ^ "Agouti". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  152. ^ "Agouti". Merriam Webster's Online Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  153. ^ "the definition of cashew". www.dictionary.com.
  154. ^ Ayala, Valentín (2000). Gramática Guaraní. Asunción: Centro Editorial Paraguayo S.R.L.
  155. ^ Bright (2004:84)
  156. ^ Bright (2004:124)
  157. ^ a b c d e Jensen, Cheryl (1999). "Tupí–Guaraní". In The Amazonian Languages, eds. R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, pp. 125–163. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 126
  158. ^ "Jaguar". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  159. ^ "macaw - Origin and meaning of macaw by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  160. ^ RHD (1987:1475)
  161. ^ "Definition of PIRANHA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  162. ^ "tapioca | Origin and meaning of tapioca by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  163. ^ Bright (2004:480)
  164. ^ RHD (1987:2001)
  165. ^ Bright (2004:19)
  166. ^ Harper, Douglas. "alpaca". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
  167. ^ Bright (2004:45)
  168. ^ "barracuda | Origin and meaning of barracuda by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  169. ^ Bright (2004:61)
  170. ^ Alan H. Hartley. The Inland Etymology of Camas 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
  171. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.
  172. ^ Campbell (1997:404-405)
  173. ^ "Cannibal". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  174. ^ Bright (2004:83)
  175. ^ or tz'onot in some secondary sources, such as Sharer & Traxler 2006: 52.
  176. ^ Tim Scoones (producer), Jeff Goodman (photography), Dominique Rissolo (scientific adviser), Tom Iliffe (sci adv), Patricia Beddows (sci adv), Jill Yager (sci adv) (2005). (Television production). BBC/Discovery Channel. Event occurs at 3:07. Archived from the original on 2014-04-22. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  177. ^ Bright (2004:91)
  178. ^ Campbell (1997:397)
  179. ^ Mithun, Marianne (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pg. 382
  180. ^ "the definition of chuckwalla". www.dictionary.com.
  181. ^ "the definition of blue jack". www.dictionary.com.
  182. ^ Coho salmon 2006-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
  183. ^ "Definition of COYPU". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  184. ^ "Help - Oxford English Dictionary".
  185. ^ Bright (2004:172)
  186. ^ "gaucho | Origin and meaning of gaucho by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  187. ^ "Geoduck". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  188. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Yourdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  189. ^ "Definition of GUAN". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  190. ^ Bright (2004:300)
  191. ^ Bright (2004:169)
  192. ^ "Hoochinoo". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  193. ^ . American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  194. ^ Bright (2004:194)
  195. ^ "Definition of JOJOBA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  196. ^ "Kiva". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
  197. ^ Bright (2004:232)
  198. ^ Simpson, George Gaylord (1941). "Vernacular Names of South American Mammals". Journal of Mammalogy 22.1:14
  199. ^ "Manatee". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  200. ^ Harper, Douglas. "manatee". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  201. ^ . Lakota Writings. Archived from the original on 2011-09-08. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
  202. ^ Bright (2004:389)
  203. ^ Harper, Douglas. "poncho". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  204. ^ "Poncho". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
  205. ^ "Help - Oxford English Dictionary".
  206. ^ Bright (2004:416)
  207. ^ RHD (1987:1691)
  208. ^ Bright (2004:422)
  209. ^ Bright (2004:429)
  210. ^ Bright (2004:432)
  211. ^ Bright (2004:455)
  212. ^ Bright (2004:452)
  213. ^ "Skookum". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
  214. ^ RHD (1987:1939)
  215. ^ RHD (1987:2036)
  216. ^ Bright (2004:547)
  217. ^ Feraca, Stephen E. (Mar 1, 2001). Wakinyan: Lakota Religion in the Twentieth Century. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803269057. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  218. ^ RHD (1987:2200)

Bibliography edit

  • Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
  • Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Flexner, Stuart Berg and Leonore Crary Hauck, eds. (1987). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language [RHD], 2nd ed. (unabridged). New York: Random House.
  • Siebert, Frank T. (1975). "Resurrecting Virginia Algonquian from the Dead: The Reconstituted and Historical Phonology of Powhatan". In Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages, ed. James M. Crawford, pp. 285–453. Athens: University of Georgia Press

External links edit

  • Words in English from Amerindian Languages
  • Online Etymology Dictionary
  • Dictionary.com
  • Free Dictionary Translation

January 19, 2024
list, english, words, from, indigenous, languages, americas, this, article, section, should, specify, language, english, content, using, lang, transliteration, transliterated, languages, phonetic, transcriptions, with, appropriate, code, wikipedia, multilingua. This article or section should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why May 2019 This is a list of English language words borrowed from Indigenous languages of the Americas either directly or through intermediate European languages such as Spanish or French It does not cover names of ethnic groups or place names derived from Indigenous languages Most words of Native American First Nations language origin are the common names for indigenous flora and fauna or describe items of Native American or First Nations life and culture Some few are names applied in honor of Native Americans or First Nations peoples or due to a vague similarity to the original object of the word For instance sequoias are named in honor of the Cherokee leader Sequoyah who lived 2 000 miles 3200 km east of that tree s range while the kinkajou of South America was given a name from the unrelated North American wolverine Contents 1 Words from Algonquian languages 2 Words from Nahuatl 3 Words from Quechua 4 Words from Eskaleut languages 5 Words from Arawakan languages 6 Words from Tupi Guarani 7 Words from other indigenous languages of the Americas 8 See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External linksWords from Algonquian languages editSee also List of Algonquin ethnonyms and List of Algonquian personal names nbsp For a list of words relating to with Algonquian language origins see the Algonquian derivations category of words in Wiktionary the free dictionary Since Native Americans and First Nations peoples speaking a language of the Algonquian group were generally the first to meet English explorers and settlers along the Eastern Seaboard many words from these languages made their way into English In addition many place names in North America are of Algonquian origin for example Mississippi cf Miami Illinois mihsisiipiiwi and Ojibwe misiziibi great river referring to the Mississippi River 1 2 and Michigan cf Miami Illinois meehcakamiwi Ojibwe Mishigami great sea referring to Lake Michigan 2 3 Canadian provinces and U S states districts counties and municipalities bear Algonquian names such as Quebec Ottawa Saskatchewan Nantucket Massachusetts Naugatuck Connecticut Wyoming District of Keewatin Outagamie County Wisconsin and Chicago Illinois or Algonquian derived names such as Algoma Furthermore some indigenous peoples of the Americas groups are known better by their Algonquian exonyms rather than by their endonym such as the Eskimo see below Winnebago perhaps from Potawatomi winpyeko lit people of the dirty water 4 Sioux ultimately from Ottawa naadowesiwag 4 Assiniboine Ojibwe asiniibwaan lit stone Sioux 2 and Chipewyan Cree cipwayan lit those who have pointed skins or hides 5 Apishamore definition From a word in an Algonquian language meaning something to lie down upon 6 c f Ojibwe apishimon 2 Atamasco lily definition Earlier attamusca from Powhatan 7 8 Babiche definition From Mikmaq apapij from apapi cord thread Proto Algonquian aʔrapa pyi from aʔrapy net a by string 9 Caribou definition From Mikmaq qalipu snow shoveler from qalipi shovel snow Proto Algonquian maka ripi 10 Caucus definition The etymology is disputed two possible sources are an Algonquian word for counsel cau cau as u or the Algonquian cawaassough meaning an advisor talker or orator 11 Chinkapin definition From Powhatan chechinquamins 12 reconstituted as t ʃiːht ʃiːnkweːmins the plural form 13 Chipmunk definition Originally chitmunk from Odawa jidmoonh 14 t ʃɪtmo c f Ojibwe ajidamoo nh 2 American red squirrel Cisco definition Originally siscowet from Ojibwe language bemidewiskaawed greasy bodied fish 15 Eskimo definition From Old Montagnais aiachkimeou aːjast ʃimeːw modern ayassimew meaning snowshoe netter often incorrectly claimed to be from an Ojibwe word meaning eaters of raw meat and originally used to refer to the Mikmaq 16 17 Hackmatack definition From an Algonquian language akemantak c f Ojibwe aagimaandag snowshoe boughs citation needed Hickory definition From Powhatan lt pocohiquara gt milky drink made with hickory nuts 18 19 Hominy definition From Powhatan lt uskatahomen gt lt usketchaumun gt literally that which is treated in this case that which is ground beaten 20 Husky definition Ultimately from a variant form of the word Eskimo see above 21 Kinkajou definition From an Algonquian word meaning wolverine c f Algonquin kwingwaage Ojibwe gwiingwa aage 2 through French quincajou 22 Kinnikinnick definition From Unami Delaware kelekːeˈnikːan mixture c f Ojibwe giniginige to mix something animate with something inanimate 2 from Proto Algonquian kereken mix it with something different by hand 23 Mackinaw definition From michilmackinac from Menomini mishilimaqkinahkw be large like a snapping turtle citation needed or from Ojibwe mishi makinaak large snapping turtle with French ile island citation needed Moccasin definition From an Algonquian language perhaps Powhatan lt mockasin gt 24 reconstituted as mahkesen 25 c f Ojibwe makizin 2 Mikmaq mɨkusun 26 from Proto Algonquian maxkeseni 27 Moose definition From Eastern Abenaki moz reinforced by cognates from other Algonquian languages 28 29 e g Massachusett Narragansett moos 29 Ojibwe moo n z 2 Lenape mus elk 30 from Proto Algonquian mo swa 29 Mugwump definition From mugquomp a shortening of Massachusett lt muggumquomp gt war chief Proto Algonquian memekwa pe wa from memekw swift a pe man 31 Muskellunge definition Ultimately from Ojibwe maashkinoozhe 2 ugly pike c f ginoozhe pike Muskeg definition From Cree maskek swamp 32 Proto Algonquian maskye kwi 33 Muskrat definition A folk etymologized reshaping of earlier musquash from Massachusett c f Western Abenaki moskwas apparently from Proto Algonquian mo sk bob at the surface of the water exkwe head a derivational ending 33 Opossum definition From Powhatan lt apasum gt lt opussum gt lt aposoum gt white dog like animal 34 reconstituted as aːpassem 35 c f Proto Algonquian waːp aʔ8emwa white dog 36 37 Papoose definition From Narragansett lt papoos gt 38 or Massachusett lt pappouse gt baby 39 Pecan definition From Illinois pakani c f Ojibwe bagaan 2 nut from Proto Algonquian paka ni 40 Pemmican definition From Cree pimihkan from pimihkew to make grease Proto Algonquian pemihke wa from pemy grease ehke to make 41 Persimmon definition From Powhatan lt pessemins gt lt pushemins gt reconstituted as pessiːmin 42 While the final element reflects Proto Algonquian min fruit berry the initial is unknown 43 Pipsissewa definition From Abenaki kpipskwahsawe flower of the woods 38 44 Pokeweed definition Probably from puccoon see below weed 38 Pone definition From Powhatan lt poan gt lt appoans gt something roasted reconstituted as apoːn 45 c f Ojibwe abwaan 2 from Proto Algonquian apwa n 46 Powwow definition From Narragansett powwaw shaman Proto Algonquian pawe wa to dream to have a vision 47 Puccoon definition From Powhatan lt poughkone gt 38 reconstituted as pakkan 48 c f Unami Delaware pɛːkɔːn red dye the plant from which dye is made 49 50 Pung A low box like sleigh designed for one horse Shortened form of tom pung from the same etymon as toboggan from an Algonquian language of Southern New England 51 Punkie definition Via Dutch from Munsee ponkwes Proto Algonquian penkwehsa from penkw dust ashes ehs a diminutive suffix 52 Quahog definition From Narragansett lt poquauhock gt 53 Quonset hut definition From an Algonquian language of southern New England possibly meaning small long place with lt qunni gt long lt s gt diminutive lt et gt locative 54 Raccoon definition From Powhatan lt arahkun gt lt aroughcun gt 55 tentatively reconstituted as aːreːhkan 56 Sachem definition From an Algonquian language of southern New England 57 c f Narragansett lt sachim gt Proto Eastern Algonquian sakimaw chief 58 Sagamore definition From Eastern Abenaki sakema c f Narragansett lt sachim gt chief from Proto Eastern Algonquian sakimaw 58 Scup definition Shortened from scuppaug which is from Narragansett mishcuppauog 59 Shoepac definition From Unami Delaware t ʃipahkɔ shoes singular t ʃiːpːakw altered on analogy with English shoe 60 Skunk definition From Massachusett lt squnck gt citation needed Proto Algonquian seka kwa from sek to urinate a kw fox 61 Squash fruit definition From Narragansett lt askutasquash gt 62 Squaw definition From Massachusett lt squa gt c f Cree iskwe Ojibwe ikwe 2 woman from Proto Algonquian e8kwe wa 62 Succotash definition From Narragansett lt msickquatash gt boiled whole kernels of corn Proto Algonquian mesi nkwete wari singular mesi nkwete from mes whole i nkw eye kernel ete to cook 63 Tabagie definition From Algonquin tabaguia 64 Tautog definition From Narragansett tautaũog 65 Terrapin definition Originally torope from an Eastern Algonquian language perhaps Powhatan reconstituted as toːrepeːw 66 c f Munsee Delaware toːlpeːw 67 from Proto Eastern Algonquian tōrepew 68 Toboggan definition From Mikmaq topaqan 69 or Maliseet Passamaquoddy tʰaˈpaken 70 Proto Algonquian weta pye kani from wet to drag a pye cordlike object kan instrument for 69 Tomahawk definition From Powhatan lt tamahaac gt Proto Algonquian temaha kani from temah to cut a kan instrument for 71 Totem definition From Ojibwe nindoodem my totem or odoodeman his totem referring to a kin group 72 Tuckahoe definition From Powhatan lt tockawhoughe gt lt tockwhough gt lt taccaho gt root used for bread reconstituted as takwahahk 73 perhaps from Proto Algonquian takwah pound it reduce it to flour 74 Tullibee definition From Old Ojibwe otoːlipiː 75 modern odoonibii 2 Wampum definition Earlier wampumpeag from Massachusett and meaning white strings of beads c f Maliseet wapapiyik 76 Eastern Abenaki wapapeyak Ojibwe waabaabiinyag 2 from Proto Algonquian wa p white a py string like object aki plural 77 78 Wanigan definition From Ojibwa waanikaan storage pit 79 Wapiti elk definition From Shawnee waapiti white rump c f Ojibwe waabidiy 2 from Proto Algonquian wa petwiya from wa p white etwiy rump 80 Wickiup definition From Fox wiikiyaapi from the same Proto Algonquian etymon as wigwam see below 81 Wigwam definition From Eastern Abenaki wikewam c f Ojibwe wiigiwaam 2 from Proto Algonquian wi kiwa Hmi 82 Woodchuck definition Reshaped on analogy with wood and chuck from an Algonquian language of southern New England c f Narragansett lt ockqutchaun gt woodchuck 83 Words from Nahuatl edit nbsp For a list of words relating to with Nahuatl language origins see the Nahuatl derivations category of words in Wiktionary the free dictionary Unless otherwise specified Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique is among the sources used for each etymologyWords of Nahuatl origin have entered many European languages Mainly they have done so via Spanish Most words of Nahuatl origin end in a form of the Nahuatl absolutive suffix tl tli or li or the Spanish adaptation te which marked unpossessed nouns Achiote definition from achiotl aːˈt ʃiot ɬ Atlatl definition from ahtlatl ˈaʔt ɬat ɬ Atole definition from atōlli ˈaːtoːlli Avocado definition from ahuacatl avocado or testicle aːˈwakat ɬ via Spanish aguacate and later avocado influenced by early Spanish abogado lawyer 84 Axolotl definition axōlōtl aːˈʃoːloːt ɬ via Spanish ultimately from a water xōlōtl male servant 85 Aztec definition from aztecatl coming from Aztlan via Spanish Azteca 86 Cacao definition and Cocoa definition from cacahuatl kaˈkawat ɬ Chayote definition from chayohtli t ʃaˈjoʔt ɬi Chia definition from chiyan ˈt ʃi jan Chicle definition from tzictli ˈt sikt ɬi Chili definition from chilli ˈt ʃiːlːi 87 Chipotle definition from chilpoctli smoked chili from chili poctli smoke 88 Chocolate definition Often said to be from Nahuatl xocolatl 38 or chocolatl 89 which would be derived from xococ bitter and atl water with an irregular change of x to ch 90 However the form xocolatl is not directly attested and chocolatl does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid 18th century Some researchers have recently proposed that the chocol element was originally chicol and referred to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate 91 Copal definition from copalli 92 Coyote definition from coyōtl via Spanish 93 Epazote definition from epazōtl Guacamole definition from ahuacamōlli from ahuaca avocado and mōlli sauce via Mexican Spanish 94 Hoatzin definition from huactzin 95 Jicama definition from xicamatl Mesquite definition from mizquitl ˈmiskit ɬ via Spanish mezquite 96 Mezcal definition from mexcalli meʃˈkalːi metl met ɬ and ixcalli iʃˈkalːi which mean oven cooked agave 97 Mole definition from mōlli ˈmoːlːi sauce Nixtamalization definition from nixtamalli Nopal definition from nohpalli noʔˈpalːi prickly pear cactus via American Spanish 98 Ocelot definition from ocelōtl oːˈseːloːt ɬ jaguar via French 99 Ocotillo definition from ocotl pine torch made of pine via Mexican Spanish ocote diminutive illo 100 Peyote definition from peyōtl ˈpejoːt ɬ Nahuatl probably borrowed the root peyō from another language but the source is not known 101 Pinole definition from pinolli via Spanish Quetzal definition from quetzalli keˈt salːi quetzal feather 102 Sapodilla definition from tzapocuahuitl Sapota definition from tzapotl ˈt sapot ɬ Shack definition possibly from xahcalli ʃaʔˈkalːi grass hut by way of Mexican Spanish 38 103 Sotol definition from tzotolli 104 Tamale definition from tamalli taˈmalːi via Spanish tamal The Spanish plural is tamales and the English derives from a false singular tamale 105 Tequila from tequitl work tlan place Tlacoyo definition from tlahtlaōyoh t ɬɑʔt ɬɑˈoːjoʔ Tomato definition from tomatl ˈtomat ɬ via Spanish tomate The change from tomate to tomato was likely influenced by the spelling of potato 106 Tule definition from tōllin ˈtoːlːin reed bulrush Words from Quechua editUnless otherwise specified Words in English from Amerindian Languages is among the sources used for each etymologyA number of words from Quechua have entered English mostly via Spanish adopting Hispanicized spellings Ayahuasca definition from aya corpse and waska rope via Spanish ayahuasca Cachua definition from qhachwa Chinchilla definition possibly from Quechua May be from Spanish chinche Chuno definition from ch unu Coca definition from kuka via Spanish coca Cocaine definition from kuka see above probably via French cocaine Condor definition from kuntur via Spanish condor Gran Chaco definition from chaku hunt Guanaco definition from wanaku Guano definition from wanu via Spanish guano Inca definition from Inka lord king Jerky definition from ch arki via Spanish charqui Lagniappe definition from yapay add addition via Spanish la yapa with the definite article la Lima definition from rimay speak from the name of the city named for the Rimaq river speaking river Llama definition from llama via Spanish Lucuma definition from lukuma via Spanish 107 Mashua definition from maswa Pampa definition from pampa a large plain via Spanish Pisco definition from pisqu bird Puma definition from puma via Spanish Quinine definition from kinakina via Spanish quina Quinoa definition from kinwa via Spanish quinoa Quipu definition from khipu via Spanish quipo 108 Soroche definition from suruqchi or suruqch i Altitude sickness 109 110 Vicuna definition from wik una via Spanish vicuna Viscacha definition from wisk acha via Spanish vizcacha 111 Words from Eskaleut languages editAnorak definition from Greenlandic Inuit annoraaq 112 Chimo definition from the Inuktitut word saimo ᓴᐃᒧ Inuktitut pronunciation sa iˈmo a word of greeting farewell and toast before drinking 113 Used as a greeting and cheer by the Canadian Military Engineers and more widely in some parts of Southern Ontario and Western Canada particularly in Saskatoon Saskatchewan citation needed Igloo definition from Inuktitut iglu ᐃᒡᓗ Inuktitut pronunciation iɣˈlu 114 Ilanaaq definition Inuktitut ilanaaq ᐃᓚᓈᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation ilanaːk friend Name of the logo for the 2010 Winter Olympics Inuksuk definition from Inuktitut inuksuk ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation inukˈsuk 114 Kayak definition from Inuktitut qajaq ᖃᔭᖅ Inuktitut pronunciation qaˈjaq 114 Malamute definition from Inupiaq Malimiut the name of an Inupiaq subgroup 115 Mukluk definition from Yupik maklak makɬak bearded seal 114 Nanook definition from Inuktitut word for polar bear Nanuq ᓇᓄᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation naˈnuq 116 polar bear made famous in English due to a 1922 documentary Nanook of the North featuring a man with this name Nunatak definition from Greenlandic Inuit nunataq 117 Tiktaalik definition from Inuktitut tiktaalik ᑎᒃᑖᓕᒃ Inuktitut pronunciation tiktaːlik large freshwater fish 118 Umiaq definition Words from Arawakan languages editAnole definition from an Arawakan language or possibly Cariban via French anolis 119 120 121 Barbecue definition from an Arawakan language of Haiti barbakoa framework of sticks 122 via Spanish barbacoa 123 Buccaneer definition from an Arawakan language buccan a wooden frame on which Tainos and Caribs slowly roasted or smoked meat via French boucane 124 Cacique or cassique definition from Taino cacike or Arawak kassequa chieftain 125 Caiman definition from a Ta Maipurean language water spirit c f Garifuna aɡaiuma 126 127 though possibly ultimately of African origin 128 Canoe definition from Taino via Spanish canoa 129 Cassava definition from Taino cacabi manioc meal via Spanish or Portuguese 130 Cay definition from Taino via Spanish cayo 131 Guaiac definition from Taino guayacan via Spanish and Latin 132 Guava definition from an Arawakan language by way of Spanish guayaba 133 Hammock definition from Taino via Spanish hamaca 134 Hurricane definition from Taino hurakan via Spanish 135 Iguana definition from an Arawakan language iwana 136 137 Macana definition from Taino macana via Spanish Maize definition from Taino mahis via Spanish 138 139 Mangrove definition from Taino via Spanish mangle or Portuguese mangue 140 Papaya definition from Taino 141 Potato definition from Taino or Haitian Carib batata sweet potato via Spanish patata 142 143 144 145 Savanna definition from Taino zabana via Spanish 146 Tobacco definition probably from an Arawakan language via Spanish tabaco 69 Yuca definition from Taino via Spanish 147 Words from Tupi Guarani editAcai definition from Tupi ɨbasai via Brazilian Portuguese assai uacai acai 148 Ani definition from Tupi anuʔi 149 Agouti definition from Tupi Guarani akuti via Portuguese aguti through French 150 151 152 Cashew definition from Tupi acaiu via Portuguese caju 153 Capybara definition from Guarani kapibari the grass eater via Portuguese capivara through French Catupiry definition from Guarani katupyry via Brazilian Portuguese 154 Cayenne definition from Tupi kyinha via French 155 Cougar definition ultimately corrupted from Guarani guacu ara 156 Jaguar definition from Tupinamba via Portuguese jaguar through French jaˈwar 157 158 Jaguarundi definition from Guarani via Portuguese Maraca definition from Tupi maraka via Portuguese Macaw definition via Portuguese Macau from Tupi macavuana which may be the name of a type of palm tree the fruit of which the birds eat 159 Manioc definition from Tupinamba via Portuguese man d ioca through French maniˈʔok 157 Petunia definition from Tupi petun smoke via Portuguese Piranha definition from Tupi pira ja pira nʸa from pira fish a ja a nʸa tooth via Portuguese 160 161 Seriema definition from Tupinamba siriema the crested one via Portuguese Tapioca definition from Tupinamba tɨpɨˈʔok a 157 juice squeezed out from tipi residue dregs og ok to squeeze out 162 via Portuguese 163 Tapir definition from Tupinamba via Portuguese tapir through French tapiˈʔir 157 Tegu definition from Tupinamba teiu guacu big lizard via Portuguese teiu Toucan definition from Tupinamba via Portuguese tucano through French tuˈkan 157 via Portuguese and French 164 Words from other indigenous languages of the Americas editAbalone definition from Rumsen awlun and Ohlone aluan via Spanish abulon 165 Alpaca definition from Aymara allpaka via Spanish 166 Appaloosa definition Either named for the Palouse River whose name comes from Sahaptin palu s what is standing up in the water or for Opelousas Louisiana which may come from Choctaw api losa black body 167 Barracuda definition from Spanish perhaps originally from Carib 168 Bayou definition from early Choctaw bayuk creek river via French 169 Camas definition from Nez Perce qemʼes 170 Cannibal definition via Spanish Canibalis from a Cariban language meaning person Indian 171 Proto Cariban karipona 172 based on the Spaniards belief that the Caribs ate human flesh 173 Catalpa definition from Creek katalpa head wing with i ka head i talpa wing 174 Cenote definition from Yucatec Maya dzonot or ts onot 175 meaning well 176 Cheechako definition from Chinook Jargon chee chako new come Chee comes from Lower Chinook cxi straightaway and for chako c f Nuuchahnulth cokwaa come 177 Chicha via Spanish from Kuna chichab maize or from Nahuatl chichiatl fermented water Chinook definition from Lower Chehalis tsʼinuk the name of a village 178 179 via Chinook Trade Jargon Chuckwalla definition from Cahuilla caxwal 180 Coho definition from Halkomelem k ʷe xʷe8 kʷʼexʷe8 38 181 182 Coontie definition from Creek conti hetaka Coypu definition from Mapudungun coipu via American Spanish coipu 183 Degu definition from Mapudungun deun via Spanish Divi divi definition from Cumanagoto Dory definition from Miskito dori duri Eulachon definition from a Cree adaptation of Chinook Trade Jargon ulakan 184 itself a borrowing of Clatsap u tlalxwe n brook trout 185 Gaucho definition via Spanish probably from a South American indigenous language cf Araucanian cauchu wanderer 186 Geoduck definition from Lushootseed Nisqually gʷideq 187 188 Guan definition from Kuna kwama 189 High muckamuck definition from Chinook Jargon ˈmʌkemʌk eat food drink of unknown origin 190 Hogan definition from Navajo hooghan 191 Hooch definition a shortening of Hoochinoo the name of a Tlingit village from Tlingit xutsnuuwu brown bear fort 192 193 Kachina definition from Hopi katsina spirit being 194 Jojoba definition via Spanish from some Uto Aztecan language cf O odham hohowai and Yaqui hohoovam 195 Kiva definition from Hopi kiva containing ki house 196 Kokanee definition perhaps from Twana keknǽxw 197 Manatee definition via Spanish manati from a word in a Cariban language meaning woman s breast 198 199 200 Ohunka from Lakota false untrue 201 Peccary definition from Galilbi Carib pakira Piki definition from Hopi Pogonip definition from Shoshone pakɨnappɨ paˈɣɨnappɨ fog 202 Poncho definition from Mapudungun pontho woolen fabric via Spanish 203 204 Potlatch definition from Nuuchahnulth Nootka p aƛp ac pʼatɬpʼat ʃ reduplication of p a to make ceremonial gifts in potlatch with the iterative suffix c via Chinook Jargon 205 Salal definition from Chinook Trade Jargon seˈlael from Lower Chinook salal 206 Saguaro definition via Spanish from some indigenous language possibly Opata 207 Sasquatch definition From Halkomelem ˈsaesqʼets 208 Sego definition from Ute Southern Paiute siˈkuʔa siˈɣuʔa 209 Sequoia definition from a Cherokee personal name lt Sikwayi gt with no further known etymology 210 Sockeye definition from Halkomelem ˈs8eqeʔj 211 Skookum definition from Chinook Jargon ˈskukem powerful supernaturally dangerous from Lower Chehalis skʷekʷe m devil anything evil spirit monster 212 213 Tamarin definition from a Cariban language via French 214 Tipi definition from Lakota thipi house 67 Tupelo definition Perhaps from Creek topilwa swamp tree from ito tree opilwa swamp 215 Wapatoo definition from Chinook Jargon ˈwapato arrowroot wild potato from Upper Chinook wa a noun prefix pato which comes from Kalapuyan pdoʔ wild potato 216 Wakinyan definition from Lakota wa people things kiŋyaŋ to fly 217 Yaupon definition from Catawba yapa from ya wood tree pa leaf 218 See also editList of placenames of indigenous origin in the Americas List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin List of place names in New England of aboriginal origin List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin List of Spanish words of Nahuatl originReferences edit Klak Thomas Historical Landscapes of the Miami Myaamia Project Archived from the original on 2007 09 28 Retrieved 2007 03 29 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Nichols John and Earl Nyholm 1995 A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press Some Illinois Words Places www museum state il us a b Campbell 1997 399 Campbell 1997 395 Chamberlain Alexander F 1902 Algonkian Words in American English A Study in the Contact of the White Man and the Indian The Journal of American Folklore 15 59 240 267 doi 10 2307 533199 JSTOR 533199 RHD 1987 129 Atamasco lily American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Archived from the original on 2007 09 27 Retrieved 2007 03 30 Babiche Dictionary com Retrieved 2008 07 07 RHD 1987 315 16 Wilson James 1999 The Earth Shall Weep New York City NY Atlantic Monthly Press pp 104 105 ISBN 0 87113 730 5 RHD 1987 361 Siebert 1975 323 Rhodes Richard A 1985 Eastern Ojibwa Chippewa Ottawa Dictionary Berlin Mouton de Gruyter Cisco American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Archived from the original on 2007 07 14 Retrieved 2007 05 01 Campbell 1997 394 Goddard Ives 1984 Synonymy In Arctic ed David Damas Vol 5 of Handbook of North American Indians ed William C Sturtevant Washington D C Smithsonian Institution pp 5 5 6 RHD 1987 900 Hickory American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Archived from the original on 2007 06 11 Retrieved 2007 03 30 RHD 1987 915 Harper Douglas husky Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 30 Kinkajou Oxford English Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 30 RHD 1987 1058 Bright 2004 291 Siebert 1975 381 Harper Douglas moccasin Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2008 07 07 RHD 1987 1235 Bright 2004 297 a b c RHD 1987 1247 mus Lenape Talking Dictionary Archived from the original on 2012 03 15 Retrieved 2010 12 08 RHD 1987 1261 Bright 2004 304 a b RHD 1987 1268 RHD 1987 1359 Siebert 1975 363 Comments by Michael McCafferty on Readers Feedback page 4 The KryssTal Retrieved 2007 02 23 Opossum Oxford English Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 30 a b c d e f g American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language RHD 1987 1405 RHD 1987 1427 RHD 1987 1432 Siebert 1975 367 RHD 1987 1445 RHD 1987 1474 Siebert 1975 320 RHD 1987 1503 Bright 2004 397 Siebert 1975 369 RHD 1987 1563 pekon Lenape Talking Dictionary Delaware Tribe of Indians Retrieved July 29 2015 permanent dead link Pung Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 11 RHD 1987 1568 RHD 1987 1578 Bright 2004 406 RHD 1987 1590 Siebert 1975 370 RHD 1987 1688 a b Goddard Ives 1978 Eastern Algonquian languages in Northeast ed Bruce G Trigger Vol 15 of Handbook of North American Indians ed William C Sturtevant Washington D C Smithsonian Institution pg 75 Definition of SCUP www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 RHD 1987 1768 Bright 2004 452 453 a b RHD 1987 1850 RHD 1987 1899 Wiener Leo 1922 Africa and the Discovery of America Volume 2 Innes amp Sons ISBN 9780598714107 Retrieved April 5 2013 Definition of TAUTOG www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Siebert 1975 394 a b Bright 2004 489 RHD 1987 1960 a b c RHD 1987 1990 Bright 2004 499 RHD 1987 1993 Totem Dictionary com Retrieved 2008 12 25 Siebert 1975 397 RHD 1987 2033 RHD 1987 2034 Francis amp Leavitt 2008 A Passamaquoddy Maliseet Dictionary Orono University of Maine Press Page 588 Wampumpeag Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 31 RHD 1987 2140 Wanigan American Heritage Dictionary of English Language Fourth Edition 2000 RHD 1987 2141 RHD 1987 2172 RHD 1987 2173 RHD 1987 2186 avocado Origin and meaning of avocado by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Axolotl Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 04 27 aztec Origin and meaning of the name aztec by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 chili Origin and meaning of chili by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 chipotle Origin and meaning of chipotle by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Chocolate Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 29 Karttunen Frances 1983 An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl Austin University of Texas Press p 54 Dakin Karen and Wichmann Soren 2000 Cacao and Chocolate An Uto Aztec perspective Ancient Mesoamerica vol 11 pp 55 75 Definition of COPAL www merriam webster com coyote Origin and meaning of coyote by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 guacamole Origin and meaning of guacamole by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Definition of HOATZIN www merriam webster com mesquite Origin and meaning of mesquite by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 What is Mezcal Elmezcal org Archived 2012 03 19 at the Wayback Machine nopal Origin and meaning of nopal by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 ocelot Origin and meaning of ocelot by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Definition of OCOTILLO www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Campbell 1997 403 n 53 RHD 1987 1585 shack Archived 2007 03 10 at the Wayback Machine Home Oxford English Dictionary tamale Origin and meaning of tamale by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 tomato Origin and meaning of tomato by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Definition of LUCUMA www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Definition of QUIPU www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Vocabulario Comparativo Quechua Cuzqueno Quechua Boliviano Archived 2011 12 26 at the Wayback Machine PDF Suruqch i Webster s Online Dictionary Archived from the original on 2007 09 30 Retrieved 2007 07 02 Definition of VISCACHA www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 the definition of anorak www dictionary com Bill Casselman s Canadian Word of the Day entry for Chimo Archived 2010 01 02 at the Wayback Machine a b c d Foretescue Michael Steven Jacobson and Lawrence Kaplan 1994 Comparative Eskimo Dictionary with Aleut Cognates Fairbanks Alaska Native Language Center the definition of malamute www dictionary com nanuq Asuilaak Living Dictionary Retrieved 2007 11 17 Definition of NUNATAK www merriam webster com Shubin Neil 2008 Your Inner Fish A Journey into the 3 5 Billion Year History of the Human Body New York University of Chicago Press ISBN 9780375424472 Anole Merriam Webster s Online Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 29 Campbell 1997 11 Anole American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Yourdictionary com Archived from the original on 2007 03 23 Retrieved 2007 03 29 Harper Douglas barbecue Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 29 Barbecue Oxford English Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 29 Buccaneer Etymology Mikipedia Archived from the original on November 2 2021 Retrieved 2017 12 28 Merriam Webster Online Dictionary http www merriam webster com dictionary cacique 2008 Retrieved 1 July 2008 Taylor Douglas 1980 A Note on the Derivation of the Word Cayman International Journal of American Linguistics 46 47 48 Caiman American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language On yourdictionary com Archived from the original on 2007 08 27 Retrieved 2007 04 02 Harper Douglas caiman Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2009 06 21 Bright 2004 80 Cassava Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 04 02 Key Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 08 06 Definition of GUAIACUM Guava Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 08 06 Hammock Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 08 06 Hurricane Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 04 02 Iguana Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 08 06 Iguana Oxford English Dictionary Retrieved 2007 08 06 Maize Oxford English Dictionary Maize Dictionary com Bright 2004 265 Papaya Oxford English Dictionary Retrieved 2007 08 06 Bright 2004 395 potato Origin and meaning of potato by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Definition of POTATO www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Dean Sam 14 March 2013 The Etymology of the Word Potato Bon Appetit Retrieved 2021 06 05 RHD 1987 1707 Yucca Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 04 02 Definition of ACAI www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Definition of ANI www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Agouti American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Yourdictionary com Archived from the original on 2007 01 29 Retrieved 2007 03 29 Agouti Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 29 Agouti Merriam Webster s Online Dictionary Retrieved 2007 03 29 the definition of cashew www dictionary com Ayala Valentin 2000 Gramatica Guarani Asuncion Centro Editorial Paraguayo S R L Bright 2004 84 Bright 2004 124 a b c d e Jensen Cheryl 1999 Tupi Guarani In The Amazonian Languages eds R M W Dixon and Alexandra Y Aikhenvald pp 125 163 Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 126 Jaguar Dictionary com Retrieved 2008 12 25 macaw Origin and meaning of macaw by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com RHD 1987 1475 Definition of PIRANHA www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 tapioca Origin and meaning of tapioca by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Bright 2004 480 RHD 1987 2001 Bright 2004 19 Harper Douglas alpaca Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2009 06 21 Bright 2004 45 barracuda Origin and meaning of barracuda by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Bright 2004 61 Alan H Hartley The Inland Etymology of Camas Archived 2011 12 25 at the Wayback Machine Cannibal American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Archived from the original on 2007 09 29 Campbell 1997 404 405 Cannibal Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 29 Bright 2004 83 or tz onot in some secondary sources such as Sharer amp Traxler 2006 52 Tim Scoones producer Jeff Goodman photography Dominique Rissolo scientific adviser Tom Iliffe sci adv Patricia Beddows sci adv Jill Yager sci adv 2005 Secrets of the Maya Underworld Television production BBC Discovery Channel Event occurs at 3 07 Archived from the original on 2014 04 22 Retrieved July 22 2009 Bright 2004 91 Campbell 1997 397 Mithun Marianne 1999 The Languages of Native North America Cambridge Cambridge University Press pg 382 the definition of chuckwalla www dictionary com the definition of blue jack www dictionary com Coho salmon Archived 2006 02 10 at the Wayback Machine Definition of COYPU www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Help Oxford English Dictionary Bright 2004 172 gaucho Origin and meaning of gaucho by Online Etymology Dictionary www etymonline com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Geoduck Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 29 Geoduck American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Yourdictionary com Archived from the original on 2006 11 15 Retrieved 2007 03 29 Definition of GUAN www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Bright 2004 300 Bright 2004 169 Hoochinoo Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 05 10 Hooch American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Archived from the original on 2007 09 29 Retrieved 2007 05 10 Bright 2004 194 Definition of JOJOBA www merriam webster com Retrieved 2021 06 05 Kiva Dictionary com Retrieved 2009 04 13 Bright 2004 232 Simpson George Gaylord 1941 Vernacular Names of South American Mammals Journal of Mammalogy 22 1 14 Manatee Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 04 02 Harper Douglas manatee Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2007 04 02 Lakota Words Index Lakota Writings Archived from the original on 2011 09 08 Retrieved 2010 01 13 Bright 2004 389 Harper Douglas poncho Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 2008 07 07 Poncho Merriam Webster Online Dictionary Retrieved 2008 07 07 Help Oxford English Dictionary Bright 2004 416 RHD 1987 1691 Bright 2004 422 Bright 2004 429 Bright 2004 432 Bright 2004 455 Bright 2004 452 Skookum Dictionary com Retrieved 2007 03 29 RHD 1987 1939 RHD 1987 2036 Bright 2004 547 Feraca Stephen E Mar 1 2001 Wakinyan Lakota Religion in the Twentieth Century U of Nebraska Press ISBN 978 0803269057 Retrieved April 5 2013 RHD 1987 2200 Bibliography editBright William 2004 Native American Place Names of the United States Norman University of Oklahoma Press Campbell Lyle 1997 American Indian Languages The Historical Linguistics of Native America Oxford Oxford University Press Flexner Stuart Berg and Leonore Crary Hauck eds 1987 The Random House Dictionary of the English Language RHD 2nd ed unabridged New York Random House Siebert Frank T 1975 Resurrecting Virginia Algonquian from the Dead The Reconstituted and Historical Phonology of Powhatan In Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages ed James M Crawford pp 285 453 Athens University of Georgia PressExternal links editWords in English from Amerindian Languages Online Etymology Dictionary Dictionary com Free Dictionary Translation This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items August 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of English words from Indigenous languages of the Americas amp oldid 1194228942, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.