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Guacamole

February 16, 2024

Guacamole (Spanish: [ɡwakaˈmole] ⓘ; informally shortened to guac in the United States[1] since the 1980s)[2] is an avocado-based dip, spread, or salad first developed in Mexico.[3] In addition to its use in modern Mexican cuisine, it has become part of international cuisine as a dip, condiment and salad ingredient.[4][5]

Guacamole
Guacamole
Alternative namesGuac
TypeDip
Place of originMexico
Main ingredientsAvocados, salt, lime juice, onion, cilantro, tomato
VariationsSour cream, basil
Similar dishesAvocado sauce
Mantequilla de pobre
Venezuelan guasacaca
  • Cookbook: Guacamole
  •   Media: Guacamole

Etymology and pronunciation edit

 
Guacamole with tortilla chips

The name comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacamōlli [aːwakaˈmoːlːi], which literally translates to 'avocado sauce', from āhuacatl[6] [aːˈwakat͡ɬ] 'avocado' + mōlli [ˈmoːlːi] 'sauce'.[3] In Mexican Spanish, it is pronounced [wakaˈmole].[7][8] In American English, it tends to be pronounced /ˌɡwɑːkəˈmoʊliː/,[9] and this pronunciation is also common in British English, but /ˌɡwɑːkəˈmoʊleɪ/ is more common.[10][11]

History edit

Avocado seeds were first found in the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico around 9,000–10,000 years ago (7000–8000 BCE) and had been domesticated by various Mesoamerican groups by 5000 BCE.[12][13][14] They were likely cultivated in the Supe Valley in Peru as early as 3100 BCE.[14] In the early 1900s, avocados frequently went by the name alligator pear.[15] In the 1697 book, A New Voyage Round the World, the first known description of a guacamole recipe (though not known by that name) was by English privateer and naturalist William Dampier, who in his visit to Central America during one of his circumnavigations, noted a native preparation made of grinding together avocados, sugar, and lime juice.[16]

Guacamole has increased avocado sales in the U.S., especially on Super Bowl Sunday and Cinco de Mayo.[17] The rising consumption of guacamole is most likely due to the U.S. government lifting a ban on avocado imports in the 1990s and the growth of the U.S. Latino population.[18]

Ingredients edit

Guacamole is traditionally made by mashing peeled, ripe avocados and salt with a molcajete y tejolote (mortar and pestle).[19][20] Recipes often call for lime juice, cilantro, onions, and jalapeños. Some non-traditional recipes may call for sour cream, tomatoes, basil, or peas.[21]

Due to the presence of polyphenol oxidase in the cells of avocado, exposure to oxygen in the air causes an enzymatic reaction and develops melanoidin pigment, turning the sauce brown.[22] This result is generally considered unappetizing, and there are several methods (some anecdotal) that are used to counter this effect, such as storing the guacamole in an air-tight container or wrapping tightly in plastic to limit the surface area exposed to the air.[23]

Composition and nutrients edit

As the major ingredient of guacamole is raw avocado, the nutritional value of the dish derives from avocado vitamins, minerals and fats, providing dietary fibre, several B vitamins, vitamin K, vitamin E and potassium in significant content (see Daily Value percentages in nutrient table for avocado). Avocados are a source of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and phytosterols, such as beta-sitosterol.[24][25] They also contain carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and lutein.[26]

Similar dishes edit

Mantequilla de pobre edit

Mantequilla de pobre (Spanish for 'poor-man's butter') is a mixture of avocado, tomato, oil, and citrus juice.[27] Despite its name, it predates the arrival of dairy cattle in the Americas, and thus was not originally made as a butter substitute.[4]

Guasacaca edit

 
Guasacaca in a mason jar
Main article: Wasakaka

Thinner and more acidic,[28] or thick and chunky,[29] guasacaca is a Venezuelan avocado-based sauce; it is made with vinegar,[30] and is served over parrillas (grilled food), arepas, empanadas, and various other dishes. It is common to make the guasacaca with a little hot sauce instead of jalapeño, but like a guacamole, it is not usually served as a hot sauce itself. It is pronounced "wasakaka" in Latin America.[31]

Commercial products edit

Prepared guacamoles are available in stores, often available refrigerated, frozen or in high pressure packaging which pasteurizes and extends shelf life if products are maintained at 1 to 4 °C (34 to 40 °F).[32]

Holiday edit

National Guacamole Day is celebrated on the same day as Mexican Independence Day, September 16.[33][34]

In popular culture edit

On November 20, 2022, Municipo de Peribán, Mexico achieved the Guinness World Records for the largest serving of guacamole. The serving weighed 4,972 kg (10,961 lb) and had 500 people help prepare it.[35]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  2. ^ . Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on August 20, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  3. ^ a b Zeldes, Leah A. (November 4, 2009). . Dining Chicago. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  4. ^ a b Beard, James; Bittman, Mark (September 4, 2007). Beard on Food: The Best Recipes and Kitchen Wisdom from the Dean of American Cooking. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 86–87. ISBN 978-1-59691-446-9. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  5. ^ Smith, Andrew F. (May 1, 2007). The Oxford companion to American food and drink. Oxford University Press. pp. 144–146. ISBN 978-0-19-530796-2. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
  6. ^ "How to Pronounce "Guacamole" in Spanish". ThoughtCo. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  7. ^ Claudia R. Guerra, ed. (2018). 300 Years of San Antonio and Bexar County. San Antonio, TX: Trinity University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9781595348500.
  8. ^ Maria de Lourdes Santiago Martínez; Juan López Chávez (2004). Etimologías: introducción a la historia del léxico español. Pearson Educación. p. 241. ISBN 9789702604938.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-10-03.
  10. ^ . Oxford Dictionaries English. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  11. ^ "Etymology". Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  12. ^ "What's in a name?". University of California. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  13. ^ Chen, H.; Morrell, P. L.; Ashworth, V. E. T. M.; de la Cruz, M.; Clegg, M. T. (2008). "Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars". Journal of Heredity. 100 (1): 56–65. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn068. PMID 18779226.
  14. ^ a b Galindo-Tovar, María Elena; Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M.; Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao & Landero-Torres, Ivonne (2007). "The avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 12 (2): 325–334, page 325. doi:10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 41761865. S2CID 9998040. (PDF) from the original on October 10, 2015.
  15. ^ Morton JF (1987). Avocado; In: Fruits of Warm Climates. Creative Resource Systems, Inc., Winterville, NC and Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. pp. 91–102. ISBN 978-0-9610184-1-2.
  16. ^ Fater, Luke (26 July 2019). "The Pirate Who Penned the First English-Language Guacamole Recipe". Atlas Obscura. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  17. ^ Charles, Jeffrey (2002). "8. Searching for gold in Guacamole: California growers market the avocado, 1910–1994". In Belasco, Warren; Scranton, Philip (eds.). Food nations: selling taste in consumer societies. Routledge. pp. 131–154. ISBN 978-0-415-93077-2. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
  18. ^ Khazan, Olga (2015-01-31). "The Selling of the Avocado". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  19. ^ "The best guacamole recipe". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  20. ^ Eats, Serious. "The Best Guacamole (and the Science of Avocados) | The Food Lab". www.seriouseats.com. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  21. ^ "Green Pea Guacamole". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  22. ^ Hartel, 2009, p. 43
  23. ^ . avocadocentral.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  24. ^ "Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties, per 100 grams". NutritionData.com. 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
  25. ^ "Avocados: Health Benefits, Nutritional Information". MNT. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  26. ^ Dreher ML; Davenport AJ (2013). "Hass avocado composition and potential health effects". Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 53 (7): 738–50. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.556759. PMC 3664913. PMID 23638933.
  27. ^ House & Garden. Condé Nast Publications. 1965. p. 122. Retrieved August 21, 2018. Mantequilla de pobre is literally "poor man's butter" ...
  28. ^ . New York Press. July 13, 2004. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  29. ^ "Guasacaca – Venezuelan-style Guacamole". About.com. July 2, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  30. ^ Serpa, Diego (1968). "Avocado Culture in Venezuela" (PDF). California Avocado Society 1968 Yearbook. 52: 153–168. ISSN 0096-5960. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
  31. ^ "guasacaca". Oxford Spanish-English Dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2016.[dead link] Sound file is at "LAT.AM.SP", to the right of the headword near the top of the window.
  32. ^ "High-pressure processing ideal for guacamole lovers". The Packer. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  33. ^ "National guacamole day!". CBC Kids. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  34. ^ "Celebrating Mexican Independence Day, National Guacamole Day". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  35. ^ "Largest serving of guacamole". Guinness World Records. Retrieved August 20, 2018.

Bibliography edit

  • Hartel, Richard W and Hartel, AnnaKate (March 1, 2009), Food Bites: the Science of the Foods We Eat; Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 0387758453

External links edit

  •   Media related to Guacamole at Wikimedia Commons

February 16, 2024
guacamole, spanish, ɡwakaˈmole, informally, shortened, guac, united, states, since, 1980s, avocado, based, spread, salad, first, developed, mexico, addition, modern, mexican, cuisine, become, part, international, cuisine, condiment, salad, ingredient, alternat. Guacamole Spanish ɡwakaˈmole informally shortened to guac in the United States 1 since the 1980s 2 is an avocado based dip spread or salad first developed in Mexico 3 In addition to its use in modern Mexican cuisine it has become part of international cuisine as a dip condiment and salad ingredient 4 5 GuacamoleGuacamoleAlternative namesGuacTypeDipPlace of originMexicoMain ingredientsAvocados salt lime juice onion cilantro tomatoVariationsSour cream basilSimilar dishesAvocado sauceMantequilla de pobreVenezuelan guasacacaCookbook Guacamole Media Guacamole Contents 1 Etymology and pronunciation 2 History 3 Ingredients 4 Composition and nutrients 5 Similar dishes 5 1 Mantequilla de pobre 5 2 Guasacaca 6 Commercial products 7 Holiday 8 In popular culture 9 See also 10 References 10 1 Bibliography 11 External linksEtymology and pronunciation edit nbsp Guacamole with tortilla chipsThe name comes from Classical Nahuatl ahuacamōlli aːwakaˈmoːlːi which literally translates to avocado sauce from ahuacatl 6 aːˈwakat ɬ avocado mōlli ˈmoːlːi sauce 3 In Mexican Spanish it is pronounced wakaˈmole 7 8 In American English it tends to be pronounced ˌ ɡ w ɑː k e ˈ m oʊ l iː 9 and this pronunciation is also common in British English but ˌ ɡ w ɑː k e ˈ m oʊ l eɪ is more common 10 11 History editAvocado seeds were first found in the Tehuacan Valley of Mexico around 9 000 10 000 years ago 7000 8000 BCE and had been domesticated by various Mesoamerican groups by 5000 BCE 12 13 14 They were likely cultivated in the Supe Valley in Peru as early as 3100 BCE 14 In the early 1900s avocados frequently went by the name alligator pear 15 In the 1697 book A New Voyage Round the World the first known description of a guacamole recipe though not known by that name was by English privateer and naturalist William Dampier who in his visit to Central America during one of his circumnavigations noted a native preparation made of grinding together avocados sugar and lime juice 16 Guacamole has increased avocado sales in the U S especially on Super Bowl Sunday and Cinco de Mayo 17 The rising consumption of guacamole is most likely due to the U S government lifting a ban on avocado imports in the 1990s and the growth of the U S Latino population 18 Ingredients editGuacamole is traditionally made by mashing peeled ripe avocados and salt with a molcajete y tejolote mortar and pestle 19 20 Recipes often call for lime juice cilantro onions and jalapenos Some non traditional recipes may call for sour cream tomatoes basil or peas 21 Due to the presence of polyphenol oxidase in the cells of avocado exposure to oxygen in the air causes an enzymatic reaction and develops melanoidin pigment turning the sauce brown 22 This result is generally considered unappetizing and there are several methods some anecdotal that are used to counter this effect such as storing the guacamole in an air tight container or wrapping tightly in plastic to limit the surface area exposed to the air 23 Composition and nutrients editAs the major ingredient of guacamole is raw avocado the nutritional value of the dish derives from avocado vitamins minerals and fats providing dietary fibre several B vitamins vitamin K vitamin E and potassium in significant content see Daily Value percentages in nutrient table for avocado Avocados are a source of saturated fat monounsaturated fat and phytosterols such as beta sitosterol 24 25 They also contain carotenoids such as beta carotene zeaxanthin and lutein 26 Similar dishes editMantequilla de pobre edit Mantequilla de pobre Spanish for poor man s butter is a mixture of avocado tomato oil and citrus juice 27 Despite its name it predates the arrival of dairy cattle in the Americas and thus was not originally made as a butter substitute 4 Guasacaca edit nbsp Guasacaca in a mason jarMain article Wasakaka Thinner and more acidic 28 or thick and chunky 29 guasacaca is a Venezuelan avocado based sauce it is made with vinegar 30 and is served over parrillas grilled food arepas empanadas and various other dishes It is common to make the guasacaca with a little hot sauce instead of jalapeno but like a guacamole it is not usually served as a hot sauce itself It is pronounced wasakaka in Latin America 31 Commercial products editPrepared guacamoles are available in stores often available refrigerated frozen or in high pressure packaging which pasteurizes and extends shelf life if products are maintained at 1 to 4 C 34 to 40 F 32 Holiday editNational Guacamole Day is celebrated on the same day as Mexican Independence Day September 16 33 34 In popular culture editOn November 20 2022 Municipo de Periban Mexico achieved the Guinness World Records for the largest serving of guacamole The serving weighed 4 972 kg 10 961 lb and had 500 people help prepare it 35 See also edit nbsp Mexico portal nbsp Food portalAvocado sauce List of avocado dishes List of dips List of condiments List of Mexican dishes Mole sauce Salsa sauce References edit Oxford Dictionary Archived from the original on September 1 2013 Retrieved August 12 2018 guac Definition of guac in English by Oxford Dictionaries Oxford Dictionaries English Archived from the original on August 20 2018 Retrieved August 20 2018 a b Zeldes Leah A November 4 2009 Eat this Guacamole a singing sauce on its day Dining Chicago Chicago s Restaurant amp Entertainment Guide Inc Archived from the original on 23 March 2010 Retrieved November 5 2009 a b Beard James Bittman Mark September 4 2007 Beard on Food The Best Recipes and Kitchen Wisdom from the Dean of American Cooking Bloomsbury Publishing USA pp 86 87 ISBN 978 1 59691 446 9 Retrieved March 14 2012 Smith Andrew F May 1 2007 The Oxford companion to American food and drink Oxford University Press pp 144 146 ISBN 978 0 19 530796 2 Retrieved March 14 2012 How to Pronounce Guacamole in Spanish ThoughtCo Retrieved August 20 2018 Claudia R Guerra ed 2018 300 Years of San Antonio and Bexar County San Antonio TX Trinity University Press p 55 ISBN 9781595348500 Maria de Lourdes Santiago Martinez Juan Lopez Chavez 2004 Etimologias introduccion a la historia del lexico espanol Pearson Educacion p 241 ISBN 9789702604938 Guacamole Definition of guacamole in Oxford dictionary American English Archived from the original on 2013 10 03 Definition of guacamole in English by Oxford Dictionaries Oxford Dictionaries English Archived from the original on July 12 2012 Retrieved 21 August 2018 Etymology Retrieved August 12 2018 What s in a name University of California Retrieved March 27 2016 Chen H Morrell P L Ashworth V E T M de la Cruz M Clegg M T 2008 Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars Journal of Heredity 100 1 56 65 doi 10 1093 jhered esn068 PMID 18779226 a b Galindo Tovar Maria Elena Arzate Fernandez Amaury M Ogata Aguilar Nisao amp Landero Torres Ivonne 2007 The avocado Persea americana Lauraceae crop in Mesoamerica 10 000 years of history PDF Harvard Papers in Botany 12 2 325 334 page 325 doi 10 3100 1043 4534 2007 12 325 TAPALC 2 0 CO 2 JSTOR 41761865 S2CID 9998040 Archived PDF from the original on October 10 2015 Morton JF 1987 Avocado In Fruits of Warm Climates Creative Resource Systems Inc Winterville NC and Center for New Crops amp Plant Products Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette IN pp 91 102 ISBN 978 0 9610184 1 2 Fater Luke 26 July 2019 The Pirate Who Penned the First English Language Guacamole Recipe Atlas Obscura Atlas Obscura Retrieved 2 February 2021 Charles Jeffrey 2002 8 Searching for gold in Guacamole California growers market the avocado 1910 1994 In Belasco Warren Scranton Philip eds Food nations selling taste in consumer societies Routledge pp 131 154 ISBN 978 0 415 93077 2 Retrieved September 20 2011 Khazan Olga 2015 01 31 The Selling of the Avocado The Atlantic Retrieved September 28 2016 The best guacamole recipe Business Insider Retrieved 21 August 2018 Eats Serious The Best Guacamole and the Science of Avocados The Food Lab www seriouseats com Retrieved 21 August 2018 Green Pea Guacamole The New York Times Retrieved October 16 2016 Hartel 2009 p 43 National Guacamole Day Fresh Avocado avocadocentral com Archived from the original on May 17 2017 Retrieved September 28 2016 Avocados raw all commercial varieties per 100 grams NutritionData com 2013 Retrieved April 17 2013 Avocados Health Benefits Nutritional Information MNT Retrieved January 12 2016 Dreher ML Davenport AJ 2013 Hass avocado composition and potential health effects Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 53 7 738 50 doi 10 1080 10408398 2011 556759 PMC 3664913 PMID 23638933 House amp Garden Conde Nast Publications 1965 p 122 Retrieved August 21 2018 Mantequilla de pobre is literally poor man s butter Caracas Calling New York Press July 13 2004 Archived from the original on June 10 2015 Retrieved March 4 2010 Guasacaca Venezuelan style Guacamole About com July 2 2009 Retrieved October 6 2013 Serpa Diego 1968 Avocado Culture in Venezuela PDF California Avocado Society 1968 Yearbook 52 153 168 ISSN 0096 5960 Retrieved March 4 2010 guasacaca Oxford Spanish English Dictionary Retrieved February 1 2016 dead link Sound file is at LAT AM SP to the right of the headword near the top of the window High pressure processing ideal for guacamole lovers The Packer Retrieved January 12 2016 National guacamole day CBC Kids Retrieved August 20 2018 Celebrating Mexican Independence Day National Guacamole Day The Arizona Republic Retrieved August 20 2018 Largest serving of guacamole Guinness World Records Retrieved August 20 2018 Bibliography edit Hartel Richard W and Hartel AnnaKate March 1 2009 Food Bites the Science of the Foods We Eat Springer Science amp Business Media ISBN 0387758453External links edit nbsp Media related to Guacamole at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guacamole amp oldid 1197493411, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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