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Pouteria lucuma

Pouteria lucuma is a species of tree in the family Sapotaceae, cultivated for its fruit, the lúcuma. It is native to the Andean valleys of Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile and Peru.[1][2]

Lúcuma
Branchlet with leaves, flowers and fruit of Pouteria lucuma: Fruit cut in half shown on top left of image
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Genus: Pouteria
Species:
P. lucuma
Binomial name
Pouteria lucuma
(Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze
Synonyms
  • Achras lucuma Ruiz & Pav.
  • Lucuma bifera Molina
  • Lucuma biflora J.F. Gmel.
  • Lucuma obovata Kunth
  • Lucuma obovata var. ruizii A.DC.
  • Lucuma turbinata Molina
  • Pouteria insignis Baehni
  • Richardella lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Aubrév.

Description edit

This evergreen tree is up to 20 m tall, and has greyish-brown, fissured bark, which produces a milky white exudate.[3][4][5] The end of branchlets and the petioles are covered with short, brown hairs.[4][5] The leaves are simple, oblanceolate to elliptical, up to 25 cm long and 10 cm wide, and glabrous (or sometimes slightly hairy on the underside) grouped at the end of the branches.[3][4] Flowers are solitary or in fascicles, small, axillary, with hairy sepals and a corolla forming a tube 1.0-1.8 cm long, greenish white, with five lobes, five stamens, five staminodes, a pubescent ovary, and a style 0.8-1.5 cm long.[3][4] The fruit is globose, 6–12 cm long, glabrous, and russet to yellow when mature; the pulp is bright yellow; the one to several seeds are 1.8-3.5 cm long, dark brown, and glossy.[3][4]

 
Lucumas.

History edit

Representations of lúcuma have been found on ceramics at burial sites of the indigenous people of coastal Peru.[2] The Moche people had a fascination with agriculture and often chose to represent fruits and vegetables, including lúcuma, in their art.[6]

The fruit was first seen and reported by Europeans in Ecuador in 1531.[2][7]

Distribution and habitat edit

The area of origin of P. lucuma is located in the Andes of Ecuador and Peru,[5] at temperate elevations of 2,700–3,000 m (8,900–9,800 ft).[2]

Cultivation edit

In addition to Peru, the fruit is grown also to a limited extent in Bolivia, Chile and Costa Rica. Attempts at growing lúcuma in Florida's climate are typically not successful.[2] The fruit is successfully grown in Vietnam, where it is known as lêkima.

In Peru, harvesting season is from October to March and in Chile from June to November.[1]

Lucuma[3][5]
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy414.5 kJ (99.1 kcal)
1.5 %
Dietary fiber1.3 %
0.5 %
1.5 %
VitaminsQuantity
%DV
Thiamine (B1)
1%
0.01 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
12%
0.14 mg
Niacin (B3)
13%
1.96 mg
Vitamin C
3%
2.2 mg
MineralsQuantity
%DV
Calcium
2%
16 mg
Iron
3%
0.4 mg
Phosphorus
4%
26 mg
Potassium
16%
470 mg
Sodium
0%
6 mg
Other constituentsQuantity
Water64.8 - 72.3 %
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
 
Moche culture pottery representing lucumas.

Uses edit

When eaten raw, the very sweet fruit is bright yellow and has a mealy and dry texture.[2] In Peru, it is more commonly used as a flavor in juice, milk shakes, and especially ice cream. Its unique flavor in such preparations has been described variously as being similar to sweet potato, maple syrup, or butterscotch. In Peru, manjar de lúcuma (dulce de leche with lúcuma purée) is a dessert. Multiple sources describe it as the most popular ice cream flavor in Peru [8] and one of the most popular fresh fruits.

Nutrition edit

Lúcuma pulp has a 64-72% moisture content.[3] The pulp also contains glucose, fructose, sucrose, inositol, citric acid, and succinic acid.[3] However, only limited nutritional information is available for lúcuma powder, indicating moderate content of protein and iron, each providing 14% of the Daily Value in a 100-g (3.5 oz) serving, which supplies 420 Calories.[9]

References edit

  1. ^ a b "CAPÍTULO I: LA LÚCUMA (in Spanish)" (PDF). University of Piura, Peru.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Morton JF (1987). "Lucmo". Purdue University, republished from p. 405–406. In: Fruits of Warm Climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Janick, Jules; Paull, Robert E. (2008). The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI. p. 837. ISBN 9780851996387.
  4. ^ a b c d e Pennington, T. D. (1990). Flora Neotropica Monograph Sapotaceae. New York Botanical Garden. pp. 383–385. ISBN 9780893273446.
  5. ^ a b c d Duarte, Odilo; Paull, Robert (2015). Exotic Fruits and Nuts of the New World. CABI. pp. 117–123. ISBN 9781780645056.
  6. ^ Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997.
  7. ^ Lesser-known and under-utilised plant resources Ameenah Gurib-Fakim - 2005 - Page 59
  8. ^ "Lucuma".
  9. ^ "Lucuma powder per 100 g". Conde Nast, USDA National Nutrient Database, version SR-21. 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2015.

External links edit

pouteria, lucuma, species, tree, family, sapotaceae, cultivated, fruit, lúcuma, native, andean, valleys, bolivia, ecuador, chile, peru, lúcumabranchlet, with, leaves, flowers, fruit, fruit, half, shown, left, imagescientific, classificationkingdom, plantaeclad. Pouteria lucuma is a species of tree in the family Sapotaceae cultivated for its fruit the lucuma It is native to the Andean valleys of Bolivia Ecuador Chile and Peru 1 2 LucumaBranchlet with leaves flowers and fruit of Pouteria lucuma Fruit cut in half shown on top left of imageScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder EricalesFamily SapotaceaeGenus PouteriaSpecies P lucumaBinomial namePouteria lucuma Ruiz amp Pav KuntzeSynonymsAchras lucuma Ruiz amp Pav Lucuma bifera Molina Lucuma biflora J F Gmel Lucuma obovata Kunth Lucuma obovata var ruizii A DC Lucuma turbinata Molina Pouteria insignis Baehni Richardella lucuma Ruiz amp Pav Aubrev Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Cultivation 5 Uses 6 Nutrition 7 References 8 External linksDescription editThis evergreen tree is up to 20 m tall and has greyish brown fissured bark which produces a milky white exudate 3 4 5 The end of branchlets and the petioles are covered with short brown hairs 4 5 The leaves are simple oblanceolate to elliptical up to 25 cm long and 10 cm wide and glabrous or sometimes slightly hairy on the underside grouped at the end of the branches 3 4 Flowers are solitary or in fascicles small axillary with hairy sepals and a corolla forming a tube 1 0 1 8 cm long greenish white with five lobes five stamens five staminodes a pubescent ovary and a style 0 8 1 5 cm long 3 4 The fruit is globose 6 12 cm long glabrous and russet to yellow when mature the pulp is bright yellow the one to several seeds are 1 8 3 5 cm long dark brown and glossy 3 4 nbsp Lucumas History editRepresentations of lucuma have been found on ceramics at burial sites of the indigenous people of coastal Peru 2 The Moche people had a fascination with agriculture and often chose to represent fruits and vegetables including lucuma in their art 6 The fruit was first seen and reported by Europeans in Ecuador in 1531 2 7 Distribution and habitat editThe area of origin of P lucuma is located in the Andes of Ecuador and Peru 5 at temperate elevations of 2 700 3 000 m 8 900 9 800 ft 2 Cultivation editIn addition to Peru the fruit is grown also to a limited extent in Bolivia Chile and Costa Rica Attempts at growing lucuma in Florida s climate are typically not successful 2 The fruit is successfully grown in Vietnam where it is known as lekima In Peru harvesting season is from October to March and in Chile from June to November 1 Lucuma 3 5 Nutritional value per 100 g 3 5 oz Energy414 5 kJ 99 1 kcal Carbohydrates1 5 Dietary fiber1 3 Fat0 5 Protein1 5 VitaminsQuantity DV Thiamine B1 1 0 01 mgRiboflavin B2 12 0 14 mgNiacin B3 13 1 96 mgVitamin C3 2 2 mgMineralsQuantity DV Calcium2 16 mgIron3 0 4 mgPhosphorus4 26 mgPotassium16 470 mgSodium0 6 mgOther constituentsQuantityWater64 8 72 3 Units mg micrograms mg milligrams IU International units Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults nbsp Moche culture pottery representing lucumas Uses editWhen eaten raw the very sweet fruit is bright yellow and has a mealy and dry texture 2 In Peru it is more commonly used as a flavor in juice milk shakes and especially ice cream Its unique flavor in such preparations has been described variously as being similar to sweet potato maple syrup or butterscotch In Peru manjar de lucuma dulce de leche with lucuma puree is a dessert Multiple sources describe it as the most popular ice cream flavor in Peru 8 and one of the most popular fresh fruits Nutrition editLucuma pulp has a 64 72 moisture content 3 The pulp also contains glucose fructose sucrose inositol citric acid and succinic acid 3 However only limited nutritional information is available for lucuma powder indicating moderate content of protein and iron each providing 14 of the Daily Value in a 100 g 3 5 oz serving which supplies 420 Calories 9 References edit a b CAPITULO I LA LUCUMA in Spanish PDF University of Piura Peru a b c d e f Morton JF 1987 Lucmo Purdue University republished from p 405 406 In Fruits of Warm Climates Julia F Morton Miami FL a b c d e f g Janick Jules Paull Robert E 2008 The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts CABI p 837 ISBN 9780851996387 a b c d e Pennington T D 1990 Flora Neotropica Monograph Sapotaceae New York Botanical Garden pp 383 385 ISBN 9780893273446 a b c d Duarte Odilo Paull Robert 2015 Exotic Fruits and Nuts of the New World CABI pp 117 123 ISBN 9781780645056 Berrin Katherine amp Larco Museum The Spirit of Ancient Peru Treasures from the Museo Arqueologico Rafael Larco Herrera New York Thames and Hudson 1997 Lesser known and under utilised plant resources Ameenah Gurib Fakim 2005 Page 59 Lucuma Lucuma powder per 100 g Conde Nast USDA National Nutrient Database version SR 21 2014 Retrieved 1 October 2015 External links edit Pouteria lucuma Germplasm Resources Information Network Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Lucuma at bioversityinternational org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pouteria lucuma amp oldid 1207455939, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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