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Jiangsu

January 01, 1970

Jiangsu[a] is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita and second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong.[6] Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.

Jiangsu
江苏
Province
Province of Jiangsu
From top to bottom, left to right: Zifeng Tower in Nanjing, Suzhou, Tiger Hill Pagoda, Xuzhou TV Tower, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Map showing the location of Jiangsu Province
Coordinates: 32°54′N 119°48′E / 32.9°N 119.8°E / 32.9; 119.8
CountryChina
Named for江 Jiāng – Jiangning (now Nanjing)
苏 sū – Suzhou
CapitalNanjing
Largest citySuzhou
Divisions
 - Prefecture-level
 - County-level
 - Township-
level
13 prefectures
95 counties
1237 towns and subdistricts
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyJiangsu Provincial People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryXin Changxing
 • Congress chairmanXin Changxing
 • GovernorXu Kunlin
 • Provincial CPPCC ChairmanZhang Yizhen
 • National People's Congress Representation144 deputies
Area
 • Total102,600 km2 (39,600 sq mi)
 • Rank25th
Highest elevation
(Mount Huaguo)
625 m (2,051 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total84,748,016
 • Rank4th
 • Density830/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
  • Rank4th
DemonymJiangsunese
Demographics
 • Ethnic compositionHan – 99.6%
Hui – 0.2% (160,800)
 • Languages and dialectsMandarin (Official)
Central Plains Mandarin, Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Wu
GDP[2]
 • TotalCN¥ 12.287 trillion
US$ 1.826 trillion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 144,390
US$ 21,467
ISO 3166 codeCN-JS
HDI (2021)0.810[3] (4th) – very high
Websitewww.jiangsu.gov.cn (in Chinese)
English version
Jiangsu
"Jiangsu" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese江苏
Traditional Chinese江蘇
PostalKiangsu
Literal meaning"Jiang(ning) and Su(zhou)"

Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, Jiangsu has been a national economic and commercial center, partly due to the construction of the Grand Canal. Cities such as Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, and Shanghai (separated from Jiangsu in 1927) are all major Chinese economic hubs. Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1990, Jiangsu has become a focal point for economic development. It is widely regarded as one of China's most developed provinces, when measured by its Human Development Index (HDI).[3] Its 2021 nominal GDP per capita reached RMB 137,300 (US$21,287), becoming the first province in China to reach the $20,000 mark.

Jiangsu is home to many of the world's leading exporters of electronic equipment, chemicals and textiles.[7] It has also been China's largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006. In 2022, its GDP was more than CNY¥12.29 trillion (US$1.83 trillion in nominal), which is the sixth-highest of all administrative divisions.[2] If it were a country, it would be the twelfth-largest economy as of 2022 as well as the 19th most populous.[8]

Jiangsu is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China. As of 2022, Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education, ranking first of all Chinese provinces.[9] Jiangsu has many highly ranked educational institutions,[10] with 16 number of universities listed in the Double First-Class Construction, ranking second after Beijing. As of 2023, four major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world's top 200 (Nanjing 6th, Suzhou 40th, Zhenjiang 166th and Wuxi 188th) cities by scientific research output, as tracked by the Nature Index.[11]

Name edit

Jiangsu's name is a compound of the first elements of the names of the two cities of Jiangning (now Nanjing) and Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" (Sū), the second character of its name.[12]

History edit

During the earliest Chinese dynasties, the area that is now Jiangsu was far away from the center of Chinese civilization, which was in the northwest Henan; it was home of the Huai barbarians (淮夷), an ancient ethnic group. During the Zhou dynasty more contact was made, and eventually the state of Wu appeared in southern Jiangsu, one of the many hundreds of states that existed across northern and central China at that time. Near the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Wu became a great power under King Helu of Wu, and defeated in 484 BC the state of Qi, a major power in the north in modern-day Shandong province, and contest for the position of overlord over all states of China. The state of Wu was subjugated in 473 BC by the state of Yue, another state that had emerged to the south in modern-day Zhejiang province. Yue was in turn subjugated by the powerful state of Chu from the west in 333 BC. Eventually the state of Qin swept away all the other states, and unified China in 221 BC.[13]

 
One of the tortoise stelae of Xiao Dan (478–522), a member of the Liang royal family. Ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, near Nanjing

Under the reign of the Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD), Jiangsu was removed from the centers of civilization in the North China Plain, and was administered under two zhou (provinces): Xu Province in the north, and Yang Province in the south. During the Three Kingdoms period, southern Jiangsu became the base of the Eastern Wu (222 to 280), whose capital, Jianye (later renamed to Jiankang), is modern Nanjing. When nomadic invasions overran northern China in the 4th century, the imperial court of the Jin dynasty moved to Jiankang. Cities in southern and central Jiangsu swelled with the influx of migrants from the north. Jiankang remained as the capital for four successive Southern dynasties and became the largest commercial and cultural center in China.[14]

 
The Huqiu Tower of Tiger Hill, Suzhou, built in 961.

After the Sui dynasty united the country in 581, the political center of the country shifted back to the north, but the Grand Canal was built through Jiangsu to link the Central Plains with the prosperous Yangtze Delta. The Tang dynasty (618–907) relied on southern Jiangsu for annual deliveries of grain. It was during the Song dynasty (960–1279), which saw the development of a wealthy mercantile class and emergent market economy in China, that Jiangnan (southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, and adjacent areas) emerged as a center of trade. From then onwards, major cities like Suzhou or Yangzhou, would be synonymous with opulence and luxury in China. Today the region remains one of the richest parts of China.

The Jurchen Jin dynasty gained control of North China in 1127 during the Jin-Song wars, and Huai River, which used to cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea, was the border between the north, under the Jin, and the south, under the Southern Song dynasty. The Mongols took control of China in the thirteenth century. The Ming dynasty, which was established in 1368 after driving out the Mongols who had occupied China, initially put its capital in Nanjing. Regions surrounding Nanjing, corresponding to Jiangsu and Anhui today, were designated as the Nanzhili province (literally "southern directly governed"). Following a coup by Zhu Di (later, the Yongle Emperor), however, the capital was moved to Beijing, far to the north, although Nanjing kept its status as the southern capital. In late Ming, Jiangnan continued to be an important center of trade in China; some historians see in the flourishing textiles industry at the time incipient industrialization and capitalism, a trend that was however aborted.

 
The Beisi Pagoda of Suzhou, built between 1131 and 1162 during the Song dynasty, 76 m (249 ft) tall.

The Qing dynasty converted Nanzhili to "Jiangnan province"; in 1666 Jiangsu and Anhui were split apart as separate provinces. Jiangsu's borders have been for the most part stable since then.

With the start of Western incursion into China in the 1840s, the rich and mercantile Yangtze river delta was increasingly exposed to Western influence; Shanghai, originally an unremarkable little town of Jiangsu, quickly developed into a metropolis of trade, banking, and cosmopolitanism, and was split out later as an independent municipality. Jiangnan also figures strongly in the Taiping Rebellion (1851 – 1864), a massive and deadly rebellion that attempted to set up a Christian theocracy in China; it started far to the south, in Guangdong province, swept through much of South China, and by 1853, had established Nanjing as its capital, renamed as Tianjing (天京 "Heavenly Capital").

The Republic of China was established in 1912,[15] and China was soon torn apart by warlords. Jiangsu changed hands several times, but in April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek established a government at Nanjing; he was soon able to bring most of China under his control. This was however interrupted by the second Sino-Japanese War, which began full-scale in 1937; on December 13, 1937, Nanjing fell, and the combined atrocities of the occupying Japanese for the next three months would come to be known as the Rape of Nanjing, after which it became the seat of the collaborationist government of East China under Wang Jingwei, and Jiangsu remained under Japanese occupation until the end of the war in 1945.

After the war, Nanjing was once again the capital of the Republic of China, though now the Chinese Civil War had broken out between the Kuomintang government and Communist forces, based further north, mostly in Northeast China. The decisive Huaihai Campaign was fought in northern Jiangsu; it resulted in Kuomintang defeat, and the communists were soon able to cross the Yangtze River and take Nanjing. The Kuomintang fled southward and eventually ended up in Taipei, from which the Republic of China government continues to administer Taiwan, Pescadores, and its neighboring islands, though it also continues to claim (technically, at least) Nanjing as its rightful de jure capital.

After the communist takeover, Beijing (formerly Peiping) was made capital of the People's Republic, and Nanjing was demoted to be the provincial capital of Jiangsu. The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping initially focused on the south coast of China, in Guangdong province, which soon left Jiangsu behind; starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China. Suzhou and Wuxi, two southern cities of Jiangsu in close proximity to neighboring Shanghai, have since become particularly prosperous, being among the top 10 cities in China in terms of gross domestic product and outstripping the provincial capital of Nanjing. The income disparity between northern and southern Jiangsu however remains large.

Geography edit

 
Population density and low elevation coastal zones in Jiangsu. Jiangsu is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise.
 
Jiangsu in 1936
 
Tourists cross a bridge in Chengxu temple, a Taoist temple which was built in 1086-1093 during the Song Dynasty

Jiangsu is flat, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent). Most of the province stands not more than 50 meters (160 ft) above sea level. Jiangsu also has a well-developed irrigation system, which earned it (especially the southern half) the moniker of traditional Chinese: 水鄕; simplified Chinese: 水乡 (shuǐxiāng "land of water"). The southern city of Suzhou has so many canals that it has been dubbed "Venice of the East" or the "Venice of the Orient."[16][17] The Grand Canal of China cuts through Jiangsu from north to south, crossing all the east–west river systems. Jiangsu also borders the Yellow Sea. The Yangtze River, the longest river of China, cuts through the province in the south and reaches the East China Sea, which divides the region into two parts: more urban, prosperous south and more poorer, rural north, and these two parts has a tense division.[18] Mount Huaguo, near the city of Lianyungang, is the highest point in Jiangsu, at an altitude of 625 meters (2,051 ft) above sea level. Large lakes in Jiangsu include Lake Tai (the largest), Lake Hongze, Lake Gaoyou, Lake Luoma, and Lake Yangcheng.

Before 1194 A.D., the Huai River cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea. The Huai River is a major river in central China, and it was the traditional border between North China and South China. Since 1194 A.D., the Yellow River further to the north changed its course several times, running into the Huai River in north Jiangsu each time instead of its other usual path northwards into Bohai Bay. The silting caused by the Yellow River was so heavy that after its last episode of "hijacking" the Huai River ended in 1855: the Huai River was no longer able to go through its usual path into the sea. Instead it flooded, pooled up (thereby forming and enlarging Lake Hongze and Lake Gaoyou), and flowed southwards through the Grand Canal into the Yangtze. The old path of the Huai River is now marked by a series of irrigation channels, the most significant of which is the North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal (traditional Chinese: 蘇北灌溉總渠; simplified Chinese: 苏北灌溉总渠), which channels a small amount of the water of the Huai River alongside south of its old path into the sea.

 
Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing

Most of Jiangsu has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa or Cwa in the Köppen climate classification), beginning to transition into a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) in the far north. Seasonal changes are clear-cut, with temperatures at an average of −1 to 4 °C (30 to 39 °F) in January and 26 to 29 °C (79 to 84 °F) in July. Rain falls frequently between spring and summer (meiyu), typhoons with rainstorms occur in late summer and early autumn. As with the rest of the coast, tornados are possible. The annual average rainfall is 800 to 1,200 millimeters (31 to 47 in), concentrated mostly in summer during the southeast monsoon.

Climate change in Jiangsu edit

Due to its flat terrain, low altitude, and dense population, Jiangsu is one of the most vulnerable regions in China to climate change and its ensuing sea level rise.[19] According to the data collected by the Center of Climate Change in Jiangsu from 1961 to 2007, on average, the province experiences an temperature increase between 0.16 and 0.45 Celsius per 10 years and total precipitation change between -28.7 and 37.09 mm per 10 years. Extreme weather have become stronger and more common. Jiangsu's agriculture, ecosystem, water resource, transportation, and coastline are all negatively impacted. The speed of sea level rise exceeds the world's average by a large margin.[20]

Specifically, a ranking on climate change risk of global regions released in early 2023 by The Cross Dependency Initiative (XDI) puts Jiangsu as the most vulnerable of the entire world.[19] Jiangsu is at more risk due to its extensive industrial, trade, residential, and commercial development.[21]

In response to climate disturbance across the country, the fourteenth five-year plan, endorsed by the National People's Congress in 2021, indicates the general direction and various steps towards a low-carbon transition.[22] On a provincial level, the Jiangsu government aims to achieve an 18% carbon dioxide decrease per unit GDP and accelerate the development of a green, low-carbon economy, as indicated in the 14th five-year development. The province also plans to recover the damaged coastal regions such as Lianyugang and Yancheng, and improve resilience against rising sea level by implementing seawalls and river floodgates.[23]

Major cities:[24]

Administrative divisions edit

Main articles: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu and List of township-level divisions of Jiangsu

Jiangsu is divided into thirteen prefecture-level divisions, all prefecture-level cities (including a sub-provincial city):

Administrative divisions of Jiangsu
Division code[25] Division Area in km2[26] Population 2020[27] Seat Divisions[28]
Districts Counties CL cities
320000 Jiangsu Province 102,600.00 84,748,016 Nanjing city 55 19 21
320100 Nanjing city 6,582.31 9,314,685 Xuanwu District 11
320200 Wuxi city 4,787.61 7,462,135 Binhu District 5 2
320300 Xuzhou city 11,764.88 9,083,790 Yunlong District 5 3 2
320400 Changzhou city 4,384.57 5,278,121 Xinbei District 5 1
320500 Suzhou city 8,488.42 12,748,262 Gusu District 5 4
320600 Nantong city 8,001.00 7,726,635 Chongchuan District 3 1 3
320700 Lianyungang city 7,615.29 4,599,360 Haizhou District 3 3
320800 Huai'an city 9,949.97 4,556,230 Qingjiangpu District 4 3
320900 Yancheng city 16,972.42 6,709,629 Tinghu District 3 5 1
321000 Yangzhou city 6,591.21 4,559,797 Hanjiang District 3 1 2
321100 Zhenjiang city 3,840.32 3,210,418 Jingkou District 3 3
321200 Taizhou city 5,787.26 4,512,762 Hailing District 3 3
321300 Suqian city 8,555.00 4,986,192 Sucheng District 2 3
  Sub-provincial cities
 
Population distribution of Jiangsu in 2010

These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 95 county-level divisions (55 districts, 21 county-level cities, and 19 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1,237 township-level divisions (699 towns, 19 townships, and 519 subdistricts). At the end of the year 2021, the total population was 85.05 million.[2]

Urban areas edit

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
# Cities 2020 Urban area[29] 2010 Urban area[30] 2020 City proper
1 Nanjing 8,085,241 5,827,888[b] 9,314,685
2 Suzhou 5,892,892 3,302,152[c] 12,748,262
3 Wuxi 3,956,985 2,757,736 7,462,135
4 Changzhou 3,572,349 2,257,376[d] 5,278,121
5 Xuzhou 2,517,693 1,735,166[e] 9,083,790
6 Nantong 1,993,344[f] 1,612,385 7,726,635
7 Yangzhou 1,846,656 1,077,531[g] 4,559,797
8 Yancheng 1,678,542 1,136,826[h] 6,709,629
9 Kunshan 1,652,159 1,118,617 see Suzhou
10 Huai'an 1,561,105 1,523,655[i] 4,556,230
11 Lianyungang 1,395,701 897,393[j] 4,599,360
12 Jiangyin 1,331,352 1,013,670 see Wuxi
13 Changshu 1,230,599 929,124 see Suzhou
14 Taizhou 1,140,206 676,877[k] 4,512,762
15 Zhenjiang 1,123,813 950,516 3,210,418
16 Zhangjiagang 1,055,893 762,625 see Suzhou
17 Suqian 940,921 783,376 4,986,192
18 Yixing 889,871 710,497 see Wuxi
19 Pizhou 850,815 631,572 see Xuzhou
20 Danyang 792,584 500,572 see Zhenjiang
21 Rugao 761,879 614,909 see Nantong
22 Xinghua 649,849 575,288 see Taizhou
23 Taixing 619,033 553,079 see Taizhou
24 Hai'an 601,165 [l] see Nantong
25 Taicang 586,830 435,225 see Suzhou
26 Qidong 580,157 479,243 see Nantong
27 Xinyi 549,911 402,169 see Xuzhou
28 Dongtai 524,562 489,815 see Yancheng
29 Liyang 495,507 368,409 see Changzhou
30 Jingjiang 453,970 388,119 see Taizhou
31 Gaoyou 422,816 341,069 see Yangzhou
32 Jurong 412,996 299,033 see Zhenjiang
33 Yizheng 356,995 271,969 see Yangzhou
34 Yangzhong 221,434 179,771 see Zhenjiang
— Haimen 661,983[f] 453,781 see Nantong
— Wujiang see Suzhou 781,771[c] see Suzhou
— Jiangdu see Yangzhou 506,706[g] see Yangzhou
— Jiangyan see Taizhou 376,724[k] see Taizhou
— Dafeng see Yancheng 347,389[h] see Yancheng
— Jintan see Changzhou 275,185[d] see Changzhou
  1. ^ UK: /dʒæŋˈsuː/;[4] US: /ˈdʒjɑːŋˈsuː/ [5] Chinese: 江苏ⓘ; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu
  2. ^ New districts established after 2010 census: Lishui (Lishui County), Gaochun (Gaochun County). These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  3. ^ a b New district established after 2010 census: Wujiang (Wujiang CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  4. ^ a b New district established after 2010 census: Jintan (Jintan CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  5. ^ New district established after 2010 census: Tongshan (Tongshan County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  6. ^ a b New district established after 2020 census: Haimen (Haimen CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  7. ^ a b New district established after 2010 census: Jiangdu (Jiangdu CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  8. ^ a b New district established after 2010 census: Dafeng (Dafeng CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  9. ^ New district established after 2010 census: Hongze (Hongze County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  10. ^ New district established after 2010 census: Ganyu (Ganyu County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  11. ^ a b New district established after 2010 census: Jiangyan (Jiangyan CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  12. ^ Hai'an County is currently known as Hai'an CLC after 2010 census.
 
 
Most populous cities in Jiangsu
Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population[31]
Rank Pop. Rank Pop.
 
Nanjing
 
Suzhou 		1 Nanjing 6,572,000 11 Taizhou 967,600  
Wuxi
 
Changzhou
2 Suzhou 3,572,500 12 Zhenjiang 888,500
3 Wuxi 2,588,400 13 Suqian 823,900
4 Changzhou 2,340,700 14 Kunshan 527,400
5 Xuzhou 2,066,900 15 Yixing 510,400
6 Nantong 1,634,100 16 Changshu 436,500
7 Huai'an 1,604,500 17 Pizhou 405,000
8 Yancheng 1,342,700 18 Zhangjiagang 384,000
9 Yangzhou 1,219,400 19 Jiangyin 382,500
10 Lianyungang 1,102,000 20 Danyang 364,400

Politics edit

Main articles: Politics of Jiangsu and List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China

The politics of Jiangsu is structured in a one party (Communist) government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Jiangsu is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangsu. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangsu Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangsu CCP Party Chief."

Courts edit

In July 2021, the Jiangsu Intermediate Court established a labor tribunal to handle labor disputes arising from the platform economy.[32]: 183 

Economy edit

 
An industrial landscape in Ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, Nanjing

As of 2022, Jiangsu had a gross domestic product (GDP) of CNY¥12.29 trillion (US$1.83 trillion),[2] the second-highest in China after Guangdong. Its GDP is greater than those of Australia and South Korea, which are the world's 12th- and 13th-largest economies respectively.[33] In 2022, Jiangsu's GDP adjusted by purchasing power parity was $3.04 trillion, making it the 3rd-largest of any country subdivision globally, behind California and Guangdong.[34] Jiangsu's economy in PPP also was just behind that of Italy with a GDP PPP of $ $3.05 trillion, the 12th largest in the world.[33]

Jiangsu is very wealthy among the provinces of China. Its 2022 nominal GDP per capita reached ¥144,390 (US$21,467), becoming the first province in China to reach the $20,000 mark.[35][33] Cities like Nanjing, Suzhou, and Wuxi have GDPs per capita around twice the provincial average, making south Jiangsu one of the most prosperous regions in China.

The province has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture, which is based primarily on rice and wheat, followed by maize and sorghum. Main cash crops include cotton, soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, sesame, ambary hemp, and tea. Other products include peppermint, spearmint, bamboo, medicinal herbs, apples, pears, peaches, loquats, ginkgo. Silkworms form an important part of Jiangsu's agriculture, with the Lake Tai region to the south a major base of silk production in China. Jiangsu is an important producer of freshwater fish and other aquatic products.

Jiangsu has coal, petroleum, and natural gas deposits, but its most significant mineral products are non-metal minerals such as halite (rock salt), sulfur, phosphorus, and marble. The city of Xuzhou is a coal hub of China. The salt mines of Huaiyin have more than 0.4 trillion tonnes of deposits, one of the greatest collections of deposits in China.

Jiangsu is historically oriented toward light industries such as textiles and food industry. Since 1949, Jiangsu has developed heavy industries such as chemical industry and construction materials. Jiangsu's important industries include machinery, electronic, chemicals, and automobile.[36][37] The government has worked hard to promote the solar industry and hoped by 2012 the solar industry would be worth 100 billion RMB.[38] Jiangsu's economy growth has directly benefited from the reform Chinese's policies, and its growth trajectory reflects that of many other coastal provinces, such as Zhejiang and Shandong.[39] The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping have greatly benefited southern cities, especially Suzhou and Wuxi, which outstrip the provincial capital, Nanjing, in total output. In the eastern outskirts of Suzhou, Singapore has built the Suzhou Industrial Park, a flagship of Sino-Singaporean cooperation and the only industrial park in China that is in its entirety the investment of a single foreign country.

Jiangsu contains over 100 different economic and technological development zones devoted to different types of investments.[40]

Demographics edit

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912[41] 32,283,000—    
1928[42] 34,126,000+5.7%
1936–37[43] 36,469,000+6.9%
1947[44] 36,080,000−1.1%
1954[45] 41,252,192+14.3%
1964[46] 44,504,608+7.9%
1982[47] 60,521,114+36.0%
1990[48] 67,056,519+10.8%
2000[49] 73,043,577+8.9%
2010[50] 78,659,903+7.7%
Shanghai was part of Jiangsu Province until 1927.
Nanjing part of Jiangsu Province until 1927; dissolved in 1952 and incorporated into Jiangsu Province.

The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic Han Chinese. Other minorities include the Hui and the Manchus. In 2021, 73.94 percent of the province lived in urban areas, while 26.06 lived in rural areas.[2]

Demographic indicators in 2021

Population: 85.05 million (urban: 62.89 million; rural: 39.421 million)
Birth rate: 5.65 per 1000
Death rate: 6.77 per 1000
Sex ratio: 103.05 males per 100 females
Literacy rate: 96.94%

Religion edit

Religion in Jiangsu[51][note 1]

  Chinese ancestral religion (16.67%)
  Christianity (2.64%)
  Other religions or not religious people[note 2] (80.69%)

The predominant religions in Jiangsu are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 16.67% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors, while 2.64% of the population identifies as Christian.[51] The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 80.69% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims.

In 2010, there are 130,757 Muslims in Jiangsu.[52]

Transportation edit

Jiangsu is home to one of the most extensive transportation networks in China.

Air edit

Nanjing Lukou International Airport (IATA: NKG) serves as the major airport in the province, with flights to Tokyo, Osaka, Hong Kong, Seoul-Incheon, Frankfurt, Bangkok, Milan, Vancouver and Los Angeles. Other passenger airports include Sunan Shuofang International Airport, Changzhou Benniu Airport, Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport, and Nantong Xingdong Airport. Air traffic in the populated Suzhou area is often diverted to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, to which Suzhou is conveniently connected to via bus services and by expressway.

Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport, Yancheng Nanyang International Airport, and Lianyungang Baitabu Airport serve as hubs in northern Jiangsu.

Rail edit

Main article: Railways in Jiangsu

The southern part of the province, namely the Shanghai-Nanjing corridor, has very high-frequency rail services. Jiangsu is on the Jinghu railway from Beijing to Shanghai, as well as the high speed line between the two cities: Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, completed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Since the completion of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line, travel time between Beijing and Nanjing has been reduced to approximately four hours (from eleven hours previously); travel time between Nanjing and Shanghai on the fastest high-speed trains takes just over an hour.

As of 2022, all major cities in Jiangsu have been connected by high-speed lines, including: Shanghai-Nanjing intercity railway since 2010, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway since 2011, Nanjing–Hangzhou high-speed railway since 2013, Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway since 2015, Lianyungang–Zhenjiang high-speed railway since 2020, Xuzhou–Yancheng high-speed railway since 2019, Yancheng–Nantong high-speed railway since 2020, Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway since 2020, and Lianyungang–Xuzhou high-speed railway since 2021.

Road edit

Jiangsu's road network is one of the most developed in the country.[53] The Beijing–Shanghai Expressway (G2) enters the province from the north and passes through Huai'an, Yangzhou, Taizhou, and Wuxi on the way to Shanghai; travelling from Shanghai westbound, the G2 forks at Wuxi and continues onto Nanjing separately as G42, the Shanghai–Nanjing Expressway, which serves the widely travelled southern corridor of the province. The Ningchang Expressway links Nanjing with Changzhou. The Suzhou area is extensively networked with expressways, going in all directions. The Yanhai Expressway links the coastal regions of the province, passing through Nantong, Yancheng, and Lianyungang.

Historically, the province was divided by the Yangtze River into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the river in Jiangsu, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, was completed in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution. The second bridge crossing, Jiangyin Bridge, opened 30 years later at Jiangyin. As of October 2014, there were 11 cross-Yangtze bridges in the province, including the five in Nanjing, which also has two cross-river tunnels. The Jiangyin Bridge (1,385 m (4,544 ft)), Runyang Bridge (opened in 2005, connecting Yangzhou and Zhenjiang, 1,490 m (4,890 ft)), and Fourth Nanjing Bridge (opened in 2012; 1,418 m (4,652 ft)) all rank among the ten longest suspension bridges in the world. The Sutong Bridge, opened in 2008, connecting Nantong and Changshu, has one of the longest cable-stayed bridge spans in the world, at 1,088 m (3,570 ft).

Metro (subway) edit

As of December 2022, Jiangsu has six cities that have operational subway systems, together with an extra city (Huai'an) currently under construction. These six cities are Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Xuzhou and Nantong.

The Nanjing Metro was opened in September 2005. It was the sixth city in mainland China that opened up a metro system. As of December 2019 the city currently has 11 metro lines (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 10, Line S1, Line S3, Line S6, Line S7, Line S8 and Line S9), with several extra ones (i.e. Line 5) under construction.

The Suzhou Rail Transit, also known as the Suzhou Metro, was opened in April 2012. As of October, 2022, it currently has five operational lines: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4 and Line 5. It also has four other lines under construction (Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line S1) and 11 lines under planning (Lines 9, 10, 11 through 16, Line 18, Line 20, Line S4, Line S5). Currently under construction lines are expected to be operational by 2024 and planned lines are expected to be operational by 2035.

The Wuxi Metro was opened in July 2014. The system is currently composed of four operational lines by 2022: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3 and Line 4. It also has two other lines under construction: Line S1 and an extension of Line 4.

The Changzhou Metro was opened in September 2019. The system currently only has two lines operational, Line 1 and Line 2.

The Xuzhou Metro was opened in September 2019, a few days after the Changzhou Metro started operations. The system currently only has three lines operational, Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3.

The Nantong Metro was opened in November 2022. It has one operating line: Line 1 and another line under construction: Line 2.[54]

The Huai'an Metro, also known as the Huai'an Rail System, began construction in November 2018. There are seven lines planned: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 5, Line S1, and Line S2. It is expected to start operations before 2025.

Culture edit

The four mass migrations in the 4th, 8th, 12th and 14th centuries had been influential in shaping the regional culture of Jiangsu. According to dialects and the other factors, the province can be roughly segmented four major cultural subdivisions: Wu (吴), Jinling (金陵), Huaiyang (淮扬) and Xuhuai (徐淮), from southeast to northwest.[citation needed] The belts of transition blurred the boundaries.[55][56][57]

Group Wuyue Lower Yangtze Central Plains
Designation Wu Jinling Huaiyang Xuhuai
Major dialect Wu Chinese Lower Yangtze Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin Central Plains Mandarin
Core Suzhou Nanjing Yangzhou Xuzhou
 
The Humble Administrator's Garden, one of the classical gardens of Suzhou.

Jiangsu is rich in cultural traditions. Kunqu, originating in Kunshan, is one of the most renowned and prestigious forms of Chinese opera.[58][citation needed] Pingtan, a form of storytelling accompanied by music, is also popular: it can be subdivided into types by origin: Suzhou Pingtan (of Suzhou), Yangzhou Pingtan (of Yangzhou), and Nanjing Pingtan (of Nanjing). Wuxi opera, a form of traditional Chinese opera, is popular in Wuxi, while Huaiju is popular further north, around Yancheng. Jiangsu cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of the cuisine of China.

Suzhou is also well known for its silk, Chinese embroidery, jasmine tea, stone bridges, pagodas, and classical gardens. Nearby Yixing is noted for its teaware while Yangzhou is known for its lacquerware and jadeware. Nanjing's yunjin is a noted type of woven silk.

Since ancient times, south Jiangsu has been famed for its prosperity and opulence, and simply inserting south Jiangsu place names (Suzhou, Yangzhou, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess,[citation needed] as was indeed done by many famous poets. In particular, the fame of Suzhou (as well as Hangzhou in neighbouring Zhejiang) has led to the popular saying: 上有天堂，下有蘇杭 ("above there is heaven; below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou"), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities. Similarly, the prosperity of Yangzhou has led poets to dream of: 腰纏十萬貫，騎鶴下揚州 ("with a hundred thousand strings of coins wrapped around its waist, a crane landed in Yangzhou").

Education and research edit

Higher education edit

For a more comprehensive list, see List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu and Project 211.

As of 2022, Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education, ranking first of all Chinese provinces.[59] There are two Project 985, 11 Project 211, and 16 Double First-Class Construction universities in the province. A combination of 93 members of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering work in Jiangsu.[60] As of 2023, four major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world's top 200 (Nanjing 6th, Suzhou 40th, Zhenjiang 166th and Wuxi 188th) cities by scientific research output, as tracked by the Nature Index.[11]

Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu edit

Other Major Research Universities in Jiangsu

Additional schools edit

Tourism edit

Nanjing was the capital of several Chinese dynasties and contains a variety of historic sites, such as the Purple Mountain, Purple Mountain Observatory, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Ming dynasty city wall and gates, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum (the mausoleum of the first Ming Emperor, Hongwu Emperor), Xuanwu Lake, Jiming Temple, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial, Nanjing Confucius Temple, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, and the Nanjing Zoo, along with its circus. Suzhou is renowned for its classical gardens (designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site), as well as the Hanshan Temple, and Huqiu Tower. Nearby is the water-town of Zhouzhuang, an international tourist destination with Venice-like waterways, bridges and dwellings, which have been preserved over centuries. Yangzhou is known for Slender West Lake. Wuxi is known for being the home of the world's tallest Buddha statue. In the north, Xuzhou is designated as one of China's "eminent historical cities." The official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu[61] was set up in 2008.

Sports edit

 
Nanjing Olympic Sports Center.

Professional sports teams in Jiangsu include:

International relations edit

Twin Provinces[62] edit

Country State/Province Time
  Australia Victoria 1979/11/18
  Japan Aichi 1980/7/28
  North Korea Kangwon 1984/11/8
  Canada Ontario 1985/11/21
  United States New York 1989/4/21
  United Kingdom Essex 1992/7/16
  Germany North Rhine-Westphalia 1992/8/1
  Italy Tuscany 1992/9/18
  Japan Fukuoka 1992/11/4
  Pakistan Punjab 1993/12/28
  Germany Baden-Württemberg 1994/4/23
  Netherlands North Brabant 1994/9/9
  South Korea North Jeolla 1994/10/27
  Brazil Minas Gerais 1996/3/27
  Italy Veneto 1998/6/22
  Sweden Östergötland 1999/3/22
  Russia Moscow Oblast 1999/8/20
  Belgium Namur 2000/5/7
  South Africa Free state 2000/6/7
  Poland Lesser Poland 2000/11/16
  Finland Southern Finland 2001/5/11
  Colombia Atlántico 2001/6/4
  Malaysia Malacca 2002/9/18
  France Alsace 2007/05/24
  Mexico Baja California 2006/8/23
  Switzerland Lucerne 2011/4/26
  United States California 2011/7/18
  Turkey İzmir 2012/4/30
  Spain Basque 2012/4/27
  Denmark Capital Region 2015/1/30
  Belarus Mogilev 2015/5/10
  Namibia Khomas 2015/6/19
  Malaysia Kedah 2023/10/6

Twin towns and sister cities[63] edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)[51] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.
  2. ^ This may include:

References edit

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Sources edit

  • Economic profile for Jiangsu at HKTDC

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 江苏.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Jiangsu.
  • Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces from 1821 to 1850 (in English and Chinese)

January 01, 1970
jiangsu, eastern, coastal, province, people, republic, china, leading, provinces, finance, education, technology, tourism, with, capital, nanjing, third, smallest, fifth, most, populous, most, densely, populated, provinces, people, republic, china, highest, ca. Jiangsu a is an eastern coastal province of the People s Republic of China It is one of the leading provinces in finance education technology and tourism with its capital in Nanjing Jiangsu is the third smallest but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People s Republic of China Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita and second highest GDP of Chinese provinces after Guangdong 6 Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north Anhui to the west and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1 000 kilometers 620 mi along the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province Jiangsu 江苏ProvinceProvince of JiangsuFrom top to bottom left to right Zifeng Tower in Nanjing Suzhou Tiger Hill Pagoda Xuzhou TV Tower Sun Yat sen MausoleumMap showing the location of Jiangsu ProvinceCoordinates 32 54 N 119 48 E 32 9 N 119 8 E 32 9 119 8CountryChinaNamed for江 Jiang Jiangning now Nanjing 苏 su SuzhouCapitalNanjingLargest citySuzhouDivisions Prefecture level County level Township level13 prefectures95 counties1237 towns and subdistrictsGovernment TypeProvince BodyJiangsu Provincial People s Congress CCP SecretaryXin Changxing Congress chairmanXin Changxing GovernorXu Kunlin Provincial CPPCC ChairmanZhang Yizhen National People s Congress Representation144 deputiesArea Total102 600 km2 39 600 sq mi Rank25thHighest elevation Mount Huaguo 625 m 2 051 ft Population 2020 1 Total84 748 016 Rank4th Density830 km2 2 100 sq mi Rank4thDemonymJiangsuneseDemographics Ethnic compositionHan 99 6 Hui 0 2 160 800 Languages and dialectsMandarin Official Central Plains Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin WuGDP 2 TotalCN 12 287 trillionUS 1 826 trillion Per capitaCN 144 390US 21 467ISO 3166 codeCN JSHDI 2021 0 810 3 4th very highWebsitewww wbr jiangsu wbr gov wbr cn in Chinese English version Jiangsu Jiangsu in Simplified top and Traditional bottom Chinese charactersSimplified Chinese江苏Traditional Chinese江蘇PostalKiangsuLiteral meaning Jiang ning and Su zhou TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiangsuBopomofoㄐㄧㄤ ㄙㄨGwoyeu RomatzyhJiangsuWade GilesChiang1 su1IPA tɕja ŋ su WuSuzhouneseKaon souYue CantoneseYale RomanizationGōng sōuJyutpingGong1 sou1IPA kɔːŋ sou Southern MinTai loKang soo Since the Sui and Tang dynasties Jiangsu has been a national economic and commercial center partly due to the construction of the Grand Canal Cities such as Nanjing Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou and Shanghai separated from Jiangsu in 1927 are all major Chinese economic hubs Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1990 Jiangsu has become a focal point for economic development It is widely regarded as one of China s most developed provinces when measured by its Human Development Index HDI 3 Its 2021 nominal GDP per capita reached RMB 137 300 US 21 287 becoming the first province in China to reach the 20 000 mark Jiangsu is home to many of the world s leading exporters of electronic equipment chemicals and textiles 7 It has also been China s largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006 In 2022 its GDP was more than CNY 12 29 trillion US 1 83 trillion in nominal which is the sixth highest of all administrative divisions 2 If it were a country it would be the twelfth largest economy as of 2022 as well as the 19th most populous 8 Jiangsu is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China As of 2022 Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education ranking first of all Chinese provinces 9 Jiangsu has many highly ranked educational institutions 10 with 16 number of universities listed in the Double First Class Construction ranking second after Beijing As of 2023 four major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world s top 200 Nanjing 6th Suzhou 40th Zhenjiang 166th and Wuxi 188th cities by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index 11 Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 3 1 Climate change in Jiangsu 4 Administrative divisions 4 1 Urban areas 5 Politics 5 1 Courts 6 Economy 7 Demographics 7 1 Religion 8 Transportation 8 1 Air 8 2 Rail 8 3 Road 8 4 Metro subway 9 Culture 10 Education and research 10 1 Higher education 10 1 1 Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu 10 2 Additional schools 11 Tourism 12 Sports 13 International relations 13 1 Twin Provinces 62 13 2 Twin towns and sister cities 63 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 16 1 Citations 16 2 Sources 17 External linksName editJiangsu s name is a compound of the first elements of the names of the two cities of Jiangning now Nanjing and Suzhou The abbreviation for this province is 苏 Su the second character of its name 12 History editDuring the earliest Chinese dynasties the area that is now Jiangsu was far away from the center of Chinese civilization which was in the northwest Henan it was home of the Huai barbarians 淮夷 an ancient ethnic group During the Zhou dynasty more contact was made and eventually the state of Wu appeared in southern Jiangsu one of the many hundreds of states that existed across northern and central China at that time Near the end of the Spring and Autumn period Wu became a great power under King Helu of Wu and defeated in 484 BC the state of Qi a major power in the north in modern day Shandong province and contest for the position of overlord over all states of China The state of Wu was subjugated in 473 BC by the state of Yue another state that had emerged to the south in modern day Zhejiang province Yue was in turn subjugated by the powerful state of Chu from the west in 333 BC Eventually the state of Qin swept away all the other states and unified China in 221 BC 13 nbsp One of the tortoise stelae of Xiao Dan 478 522 a member of the Liang royal family Ganjiaxiang Qixia District near Nanjing Under the reign of the Han dynasty 206 BC to 220 AD Jiangsu was removed from the centers of civilization in the North China Plain and was administered under two zhou provinces Xu Province in the north and Yang Province in the south During the Three Kingdoms period southern Jiangsu became the base of the Eastern Wu 222 to 280 whose capital Jianye later renamed to Jiankang is modern Nanjing When nomadic invasions overran northern China in the 4th century the imperial court of the Jin dynasty moved to Jiankang Cities in southern and central Jiangsu swelled with the influx of migrants from the north Jiankang remained as the capital for four successive Southern dynasties and became the largest commercial and cultural center in China 14 nbsp The Huqiu Tower of Tiger Hill Suzhou built in 961 After the Sui dynasty united the country in 581 the political center of the country shifted back to the north but the Grand Canal was built through Jiangsu to link the Central Plains with the prosperous Yangtze Delta The Tang dynasty 618 907 relied on southern Jiangsu for annual deliveries of grain It was during the Song dynasty 960 1279 which saw the development of a wealthy mercantile class and emergent market economy in China that Jiangnan southern Jiangsu Shanghai and adjacent areas emerged as a center of trade From then onwards major cities like Suzhou or Yangzhou would be synonymous with opulence and luxury in China Today the region remains one of the richest parts of China The Jurchen Jin dynasty gained control of North China in 1127 during the Jin Song wars and Huai River which used to cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea was the border between the north under the Jin and the south under the Southern Song dynasty The Mongols took control of China in the thirteenth century The Ming dynasty which was established in 1368 after driving out the Mongols who had occupied China initially put its capital in Nanjing Regions surrounding Nanjing corresponding to Jiangsu and Anhui today were designated as the Nanzhili province literally southern directly governed Following a coup by Zhu Di later the Yongle Emperor however the capital was moved to Beijing far to the north although Nanjing kept its status as the southern capital In late Ming Jiangnan continued to be an important center of trade in China some historians see in the flourishing textiles industry at the time incipient industrialization and capitalism a trend that was however aborted nbsp The Beisi Pagoda of Suzhou built between 1131 and 1162 during the Song dynasty 76 m 249 ft tall The Qing dynasty converted Nanzhili to Jiangnan province in 1666 Jiangsu and Anhui were split apart as separate provinces Jiangsu s borders have been for the most part stable since then With the start of Western incursion into China in the 1840s the rich and mercantile Yangtze river delta was increasingly exposed to Western influence Shanghai originally an unremarkable little town of Jiangsu quickly developed into a metropolis of trade banking and cosmopolitanism and was split out later as an independent municipality Jiangnan also figures strongly in the Taiping Rebellion 1851 1864 a massive and deadly rebellion that attempted to set up a Christian theocracy in China it started far to the south in Guangdong province swept through much of South China and by 1853 had established Nanjing as its capital renamed as Tianjing 天京 Heavenly Capital The Republic of China was established in 1912 15 and China was soon torn apart by warlords Jiangsu changed hands several times but in April 1927 Chiang Kai shek established a government at Nanjing he was soon able to bring most of China under his control This was however interrupted by the second Sino Japanese War which began full scale in 1937 on December 13 1937 Nanjing fell and the combined atrocities of the occupying Japanese for the next three months would come to be known as the Rape of Nanjing after which it became the seat of the collaborationist government of East China under Wang Jingwei and Jiangsu remained under Japanese occupation until the end of the war in 1945 After the war Nanjing was once again the capital of the Republic of China though now the Chinese Civil War had broken out between the Kuomintang government and Communist forces based further north mostly in Northeast China The decisive Huaihai Campaign was fought in northern Jiangsu it resulted in Kuomintang defeat and the communists were soon able to cross the Yangtze River and take Nanjing The Kuomintang fled southward and eventually ended up in Taipei from which the Republic of China government continues to administer Taiwan Pescadores and its neighboring islands though it also continues to claim technically at least Nanjing as its rightful de jure capital After the communist takeover Beijing formerly Peiping was made capital of the People s Republic and Nanjing was demoted to be the provincial capital of Jiangsu The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping initially focused on the south coast of China in Guangdong province which soon left Jiangsu behind starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China Suzhou and Wuxi two southern cities of Jiangsu in close proximity to neighboring Shanghai have since become particularly prosperous being among the top 10 cities in China in terms of gross domestic product and outstripping the provincial capital of Nanjing The income disparity between northern and southern Jiangsu however remains large Geography edit nbsp Population density and low elevation coastal zones in Jiangsu Jiangsu is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise nbsp Jiangsu in 1936 nbsp Tourists cross a bridge in Chengxu temple a Taoist temple which was built in 1086 1093 during the Song Dynasty Jiangsu is flat with plains covering 68 percent of its total area water covers another 18 percent Most of the province stands not more than 50 meters 160 ft above sea level Jiangsu also has a well developed irrigation system which earned it especially the southern half the moniker of traditional Chinese 水鄕 simplified Chinese 水乡 shuǐxiang land of water The southern city of Suzhou has so many canals that it has been dubbed Venice of the East or the Venice of the Orient 16 17 The Grand Canal of China cuts through Jiangsu from north to south crossing all the east west river systems Jiangsu also borders the Yellow Sea The Yangtze River the longest river of China cuts through the province in the south and reaches the East China Sea which divides the region into two parts more urban prosperous south and more poorer rural north and these two parts has a tense division 18 Mount Huaguo near the city of Lianyungang is the highest point in Jiangsu at an altitude of 625 meters 2 051 ft above sea level Large lakes in Jiangsu include Lake Tai the largest Lake Hongze Lake Gaoyou Lake Luoma and Lake Yangcheng Before 1194 A D the Huai River cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea The Huai River is a major river in central China and it was the traditional border between North China and South China Since 1194 A D the Yellow River further to the north changed its course several times running into the Huai River in north Jiangsu each time instead of its other usual path northwards into Bohai Bay The silting caused by the Yellow River was so heavy that after its last episode of hijacking the Huai River ended in 1855 the Huai River was no longer able to go through its usual path into the sea Instead it flooded pooled up thereby forming and enlarging Lake Hongze and Lake Gaoyou and flowed southwards through the Grand Canal into the Yangtze The old path of the Huai River is now marked by a series of irrigation channels the most significant of which is the North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal traditional Chinese 蘇北灌溉總渠 simplified Chinese 苏北灌溉总渠 which channels a small amount of the water of the Huai River alongside south of its old path into the sea nbsp Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing Most of Jiangsu has a humid subtropical climate Cfa or Cwa in the Koppen climate classification beginning to transition into a humid continental climate Koppen Dwa in the far north Seasonal changes are clear cut with temperatures at an average of 1 to 4 C 30 to 39 F in January and 26 to 29 C 79 to 84 F in July Rain falls frequently between spring and summer meiyu typhoons with rainstorms occur in late summer and early autumn As with the rest of the coast tornados are possible The annual average rainfall is 800 to 1 200 millimeters 31 to 47 in concentrated mostly in summer during the southeast monsoon Climate change in Jiangsu edit Due to its flat terrain low altitude and dense population Jiangsu is one of the most vulnerable regions in China to climate change and its ensuing sea level rise 19 According to the data collected by the Center of Climate Change in Jiangsu from 1961 to 2007 on average the province experiences an temperature increase between 0 16 and 0 45 Celsius per 10 years and total precipitation change between 28 7 and 37 09 mm per 10 years Extreme weather have become stronger and more common Jiangsu s agriculture ecosystem water resource transportation and coastline are all negatively impacted The speed of sea level rise exceeds the world s average by a large margin 20 Specifically a ranking on climate change risk of global regions released in early 2023 by The Cross Dependency Initiative XDI puts Jiangsu as the most vulnerable of the entire world 19 Jiangsu is at more risk due to its extensive industrial trade residential and commercial development 21 In response to climate disturbance across the country the fourteenth five year plan endorsed by the National People s Congress in 2021 indicates the general direction and various steps towards a low carbon transition 22 On a provincial level the Jiangsu government aims to achieve an 18 carbon dioxide decrease per unit GDP and accelerate the development of a green low carbon economy as indicated in the 14th five year development The province also plans to recover the damaged coastal regions such as Lianyugang and Yancheng and improve resilience against rising sea level by implementing seawalls and river floodgates 23 Major cities 24 Nanjing Suzhou Wuxi Xuzhou Changzhou Yangzhou Lianyungang Yancheng Zhenjiang Nantong Huai an Taizhou SuqianAdministrative divisions editMain articles List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu and List of township level divisions of Jiangsu Jiangsu is divided into thirteen prefecture level divisions all prefecture level cities including a sub provincial city Administrative divisions of Jiangsu nbsp Nanjing Wuxi Xuzhou Changzhou Suzhou Nantong Lianyungang Huai an Yancheng Yangzhou Zhenjiang Taizhou Suqian Shanghai Division code 25 Division Area in km2 26 Population 2020 27 Seat Divisions 28 Districts Counties CL cities 320000 Jiangsu Province 102 600 00 84 748 016 Nanjing city 55 19 21 320100 Nanjing city 6 582 31 9 314 685 Xuanwu District 11 320200 Wuxi city 4 787 61 7 462 135 Binhu District 5 2 320300 Xuzhou city 11 764 88 9 083 790 Yunlong District 5 3 2 320400 Changzhou city 4 384 57 5 278 121 Xinbei District 5 1 320500 Suzhou city 8 488 42 12 748 262 Gusu District 5 4 320600 Nantong city 8 001 00 7 726 635 Chongchuan District 3 1 3 320700 Lianyungang city 7 615 29 4 599 360 Haizhou District 3 3 320800 Huai an city 9 949 97 4 556 230 Qingjiangpu District 4 3 320900 Yancheng city 16 972 42 6 709 629 Tinghu District 3 5 1 321000 Yangzhou city 6 591 21 4 559 797 Hanjiang District 3 1 2 321100 Zhenjiang city 3 840 32 3 210 418 Jingkou District 3 3 321200 Taizhou city 5 787 26 4 512 762 Hailing District 3 3 321300 Suqian city 8 555 00 4 986 192 Sucheng District 2 3 Sub provincial cities nbsp Population distribution of Jiangsu in 2010 Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations English Chinese Pinyin Wu Romanization Jiang Huai Langjin Pinin Jiangsu Province 江苏省 Jiangsu Sheng kaon sou san Jiang1 su1 Sen3 Nanjing city 南京市 Nanjing Shi noe cin zy Lang2 jin1 Shr4 Wuxi city 无锡市 Wuxi Shi vu sih zy U2 si5 Shr4 Xuzhou city 徐州市 Xuzhōu Shi zi tseu zy Su2 zhou1 Shr4 Changzhou city 常州市 Changzhōu Shi zan tseu zy Chang2 zhou1 Shr4 Suzhou city 苏州市 Suzhōu Shi sou tseu zy Su1 zhou1 Shr4 Nantong city 南通市 Nantōng Shi noe thon zy Lang2 tong1 Shr4 Lianyungang city 连云港市 Lianyungǎng Shi lie yuin kaon zy Lian2 uin2 gang3 Shr4 Huai an city 淮安市 Huai an Shi wa oe zy Hua2 ang1 Shr4 Yancheng city 盐城市 Yancheng Shi yie zen zy Ian2 chen2 Shr4 Yangzhou city 扬州市 Yangzhōu Shi yan tseu zy Iang2 zhou1 Shr4 Zhenjiang city 镇江市 Zhenjiang Shi tsen kaon zy Zhen4 jang1 Shr4 Taizhou city 泰州市 Taizhōu Shi tha tseu zy Ta4 zhou1 Shr4 Suqian city 宿迁市 Suqian Shi soh tshie zy Su5 cian1 Shr4 These prefecture level cities are in turn subdivided into 95 county level divisions 55 districts 21 county level cities and 19 counties Those are in turn divided into 1 237 township level divisions 699 towns 19 townships and 519 subdistricts At the end of the year 2021 the total population was 85 05 million 2 Urban areas edit Population by urban areas of prefecture amp county cities Cities 2020 Urban area 29 2010 Urban area 30 2020 City proper 1 Nanjing 8 085 241 5 827 888 b 9 314 685 2 Suzhou 5 892 892 3 302 152 c 12 748 262 3 Wuxi 3 956 985 2 757 736 7 462 135 4 Changzhou 3 572 349 2 257 376 d 5 278 121 5 Xuzhou 2 517 693 1 735 166 e 9 083 790 6 Nantong 1 993 344 f 1 612 385 7 726 635 7 Yangzhou 1 846 656 1 077 531 g 4 559 797 8 Yancheng 1 678 542 1 136 826 h 6 709 629 9 Kunshan 1 652 159 1 118 617 see Suzhou 10 Huai an 1 561 105 1 523 655 i 4 556 230 11 Lianyungang 1 395 701 897 393 j 4 599 360 12 Jiangyin 1 331 352 1 013 670 see Wuxi 13 Changshu 1 230 599 929 124 see Suzhou 14 Taizhou 1 140 206 676 877 k 4 512 762 15 Zhenjiang 1 123 813 950 516 3 210 418 16 Zhangjiagang 1 055 893 762 625 see Suzhou 17 Suqian 940 921 783 376 4 986 192 18 Yixing 889 871 710 497 see Wuxi 19 Pizhou 850 815 631 572 see Xuzhou 20 Danyang 792 584 500 572 see Zhenjiang 21 Rugao 761 879 614 909 see Nantong 22 Xinghua 649 849 575 288 see Taizhou 23 Taixing 619 033 553 079 see Taizhou 24 Hai an 601 165 l see Nantong 25 Taicang 586 830 435 225 see Suzhou 26 Qidong 580 157 479 243 see Nantong 27 Xinyi 549 911 402 169 see Xuzhou 28 Dongtai 524 562 489 815 see Yancheng 29 Liyang 495 507 368 409 see Changzhou 30 Jingjiang 453 970 388 119 see Taizhou 31 Gaoyou 422 816 341 069 see Yangzhou 32 Jurong 412 996 299 033 see Zhenjiang 33 Yizheng 356 995 271 969 see Yangzhou 34 Yangzhong 221 434 179 771 see Zhenjiang Haimen 661 983 f 453 781 see Nantong Wujiang see Suzhou 781 771 c see Suzhou Jiangdu see Yangzhou 506 706 g see Yangzhou Jiangyan see Taizhou 376 724 k see Taizhou Dafeng see Yancheng 347 389 h see Yancheng Jintan see Changzhou 275 185 d see Changzhou UK dʒ ae ŋ ˈ s uː 4 US ˈ dʒ j ɑː ŋ ˈ s uː 5 Chinese 江苏 pinyin Jiangsu alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu New districts established after 2010 census Lishui Lishui County Gaochun Gaochun County These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after 2010 census Wujiang Wujiang CLC The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after 2010 census Jintan Jintan CLC The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city New district established after 2010 census Tongshan Tongshan County The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after 2020 census Haimen Haimen CLC The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after 2010 census Jiangdu Jiangdu CLC The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after 2010 census Dafeng Dafeng CLC The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city New district established after 2010 census Hongze Hongze County The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city New district established after 2010 census Ganyu Ganyu County The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after 2010 census Jiangyan Jiangyan CLC The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre expanded city Hai an County is currently known as Hai an CLC after 2010 census Most populous cities in Jiangsu Source China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population 31 Rank Pop Rank Pop nbsp Nanjing nbsp Suzhou 1 Nanjing 6 572 000 11 Taizhou 967 600 nbsp Wuxi nbsp Changzhou 2 Suzhou 3 572 500 12 Zhenjiang 888 500 3 Wuxi 2 588 400 13 Suqian 823 900 4 Changzhou 2 340 700 14 Kunshan 527 400 5 Xuzhou 2 066 900 15 Yixing 510 400 6 Nantong 1 634 100 16 Changshu 436 500 7 Huai an 1 604 500 17 Pizhou 405 000 8 Yancheng 1 342 700 18 Zhangjiagang 384 000 9 Yangzhou 1 219 400 19 Jiangyin 382 500 10 Lianyungang 1 102 000 20 Danyang 364 400Politics editMain articles Politics of Jiangsu and List of provincial leaders of the People s Republic of China The politics of Jiangsu is structured in a one party Communist government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China The Governor of Jiangsu is the highest ranking official in the People s Government of Jiangsu However in the province s dual party government governing system the Governor has less power than the Jiangsu Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary colloquially termed the Jiangsu CCP Party Chief Courts edit In July 2021 the Jiangsu Intermediate Court established a labor tribunal to handle labor disputes arising from the platform economy 32 183 Economy edit nbsp An industrial landscape in Ganjiaxiang Qixia District Nanjing As of 2022 Jiangsu had a gross domestic product GDP of CNY 12 29 trillion US 1 83 trillion 2 the second highest in China after Guangdong Its GDP is greater than those of Australia and South Korea which are the world s 12th and 13th largest economies respectively 33 In 2022 Jiangsu s GDP adjusted by purchasing power parity was 3 04 trillion making it the 3rd largest of any country subdivision globally behind California and Guangdong 34 Jiangsu s economy in PPP also was just behind that of Italy with a GDP PPP of 3 05 trillion the 12th largest in the world 33 Jiangsu is very wealthy among the provinces of China Its 2022 nominal GDP per capita reached 144 390 US 21 467 becoming the first province in China to reach the 20 000 mark 35 33 Cities like Nanjing Suzhou and Wuxi have GDPs per capita around twice the provincial average making south Jiangsu one of the most prosperous regions in China The province has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture which is based primarily on rice and wheat followed by maize and sorghum Main cash crops include cotton soybeans peanuts rapeseed sesame ambary hemp and tea Other products include peppermint spearmint bamboo medicinal herbs apples pears peaches loquats ginkgo Silkworms form an important part of Jiangsu s agriculture with the Lake Tai region to the south a major base of silk production in China Jiangsu is an important producer of freshwater fish and other aquatic products Jiangsu has coal petroleum and natural gas deposits but its most significant mineral products are non metal minerals such as halite rock salt sulfur phosphorus and marble The city of Xuzhou is a coal hub of China The salt mines of Huaiyin have more than 0 4 trillion tonnes of deposits one of the greatest collections of deposits in China Jiangsu is historically oriented toward light industries such as textiles and food industry Since 1949 Jiangsu has developed heavy industries such as chemical industry and construction materials Jiangsu s important industries include machinery electronic chemicals and automobile 36 37 The government has worked hard to promote the solar industry and hoped by 2012 the solar industry would be worth 100 billion RMB 38 Jiangsu s economy growth has directly benefited from the reform Chinese s policies and its growth trajectory reflects that of many other coastal provinces such as Zhejiang and Shandong 39 The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping have greatly benefited southern cities especially Suzhou and Wuxi which outstrip the provincial capital Nanjing in total output In the eastern outskirts of Suzhou Singapore has built the Suzhou Industrial Park a flagship of Sino Singaporean cooperation and the only industrial park in China that is in its entirety the investment of a single foreign country Jiangsu contains over 100 different economic and technological development zones devoted to different types of investments 40 Demographics editHistorical populationYearPop 1912 41 32 283 000 1928 42 34 126 000 5 7 1936 37 43 36 469 000 6 9 1947 44 36 080 000 1 1 1954 45 41 252 192 14 3 1964 46 44 504 608 7 9 1982 47 60 521 114 36 0 1990 48 67 056 519 10 8 2000 49 73 043 577 8 9 2010 50 78 659 903 7 7 Shanghai was part of Jiangsu Province until 1927 Nanjing part of Jiangsu Province until 1927 dissolved in 1952 and incorporated into Jiangsu Province The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic Han Chinese Other minorities include the Hui and the Manchus In 2021 73 94 percent of the province lived in urban areas while 26 06 lived in rural areas 2 Demographic indicators in 2021 Population 85 05 million urban 62 89 million rural 39 421 million Birth rate 5 65 per 1000 Death rate 6 77 per 1000 Sex ratio 103 05 males per 100 females Literacy rate 96 94 Religion edit Religion in Jiangsu 51 note 1 Chinese ancestral religion 16 67 Christianity 2 64 Other religions or not religious people note 2 80 69 The predominant religions in Jiangsu are Chinese folk religions Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009 16 67 of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors while 2 64 of the population identifies as Christian 51 The reports didn t give figures for other types of religion 80 69 of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities Buddhism Confucianism Taoism folk religious sects and small minorities of Muslims In 2010 there are 130 757 Muslims in Jiangsu 52 nbsp Altar of the Three Pure Ones at the Temple of Zhenwu in Yangzhou nbsp Xiangfu Buddhist Temple in Wuxi nbsp Main courtyard of the Temple of Tianfei in Nanjing Transportation editJiangsu is home to one of the most extensive transportation networks in China Air edit Nanjing Lukou International Airport IATA NKG serves as the major airport in the province with flights to Tokyo Osaka Hong Kong Seoul Incheon Frankfurt Bangkok Milan Vancouver and Los Angeles Other passenger airports include Sunan Shuofang International Airport Changzhou Benniu Airport Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport and Nantong Xingdong Airport Air traffic in the populated Suzhou area is often diverted to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport to which Suzhou is conveniently connected to via bus services and by expressway Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport Yancheng Nanyang International Airport and Lianyungang Baitabu Airport serve as hubs in northern Jiangsu Rail edit Main article Railways in Jiangsu The southern part of the province namely the Shanghai Nanjing corridor has very high frequency rail services Jiangsu is on the Jinghu railway from Beijing to Shanghai as well as the high speed line between the two cities Shanghai Nanjing intercity railway and Beijing Shanghai high speed railway completed in 2010 and 2011 respectively Since the completion of the Beijing Shanghai high speed line travel time between Beijing and Nanjing has been reduced to approximately four hours from eleven hours previously travel time between Nanjing and Shanghai on the fastest high speed trains takes just over an hour As of 2022 all major cities in Jiangsu have been connected by high speed lines including Shanghai Nanjing intercity railway since 2010 Beijing Shanghai high speed railway since 2011 Nanjing Hangzhou high speed railway since 2013 Nanjing Anqing intercity railway since 2015 Lianyungang Zhenjiang high speed railway since 2020 Xuzhou Yancheng high speed railway since 2019 Yancheng Nantong high speed railway since 2020 Shanghai Suzhou Nantong railway since 2020 and Lianyungang Xuzhou high speed railway since 2021 Road edit Jiangsu s road network is one of the most developed in the country 53 The Beijing Shanghai Expressway G2 enters the province from the north and passes through Huai an Yangzhou Taizhou and Wuxi on the way to Shanghai travelling from Shanghai westbound the G2 forks at Wuxi and continues onto Nanjing separately as G42 the Shanghai Nanjing Expressway which serves the widely travelled southern corridor of the province The Ningchang Expressway links Nanjing with Changzhou The Suzhou area is extensively networked with expressways going in all directions The Yanhai Expressway links the coastal regions of the province passing through Nantong Yancheng and Lianyungang Historically the province was divided by the Yangtze River into northern and southern regions The first bridge across the river in Jiangsu the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution The second bridge crossing Jiangyin Bridge opened 30 years later at Jiangyin As of October 2014 there were 11 cross Yangtze bridges in the province including the five in Nanjing which also has two cross river tunnels The Jiangyin Bridge 1 385 m 4 544 ft Runyang Bridge opened in 2005 connecting Yangzhou and Zhenjiang 1 490 m 4 890 ft and Fourth Nanjing Bridge opened in 2012 1 418 m 4 652 ft all rank among the ten longest suspension bridges in the world The Sutong Bridge opened in 2008 connecting Nantong and Changshu has one of the longest cable stayed bridge spans in the world at 1 088 m 3 570 ft Metro subway edit As of December 2022 Jiangsu has six cities that have operational subway systems together with an extra city Huai an currently under construction These six cities are Nanjing Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou Xuzhou and Nantong The Nanjing Metro was opened in September 2005 It was the sixth city in mainland China that opened up a metro system As of December 2019 the city currently has 11 metro lines Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 10 Line S1 Line S3 Line S6 Line S7 Line S8 and Line S9 with several extra ones i e Line 5 under construction The Suzhou Rail Transit also known as the Suzhou Metro was opened in April 2012 As of October 2022 it currently has five operational lines Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 and Line 5 It also has four other lines under construction Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line S1 and 11 lines under planning Lines 9 10 11 through 16 Line 18 Line 20 Line S4 Line S5 Currently under construction lines are expected to be operational by 2024 and planned lines are expected to be operational by 2035 The Wuxi Metro was opened in July 2014 The system is currently composed of four operational lines by 2022 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 and Line 4 It also has two other lines under construction Line S1 and an extension of Line 4 The Changzhou Metro was opened in September 2019 The system currently only has two lines operational Line 1 and Line 2 The Xuzhou Metro was opened in September 2019 a few days after the Changzhou Metro started operations The system currently only has three lines operational Line 1 Line 2 and Line 3 The Nantong Metro was opened in November 2022 It has one operating line Line 1 and another line under construction Line 2 54 The Huai an Metro also known as the Huai an Rail System began construction in November 2018 There are seven lines planned Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line S1 and Line S2 It is expected to start operations before 2025 Culture editThe four mass migrations in the 4th 8th 12th and 14th centuries had been influential in shaping the regional culture of Jiangsu According to dialects and the other factors the province can be roughly segmented four major cultural subdivisions Wu 吴 Jinling 金陵 Huaiyang 淮扬 and Xuhuai 徐淮 from southeast to northwest citation needed The belts of transition blurred the boundaries 55 56 57 Group Wuyue Lower Yangtze Central Plains Designation Wu Jinling Huaiyang Xuhuai Major dialect Wu Chinese Lower Yangtze Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin Central Plains Mandarin Core Suzhou Nanjing Yangzhou Xuzhou nbsp The Humble Administrator s Garden one of the classical gardens of Suzhou Jiangsu is rich in cultural traditions Kunqu originating in Kunshan is one of the most renowned and prestigious forms of Chinese opera 58 citation needed Pingtan a form of storytelling accompanied by music is also popular it can be subdivided into types by origin Suzhou Pingtan of Suzhou Yangzhou Pingtan of Yangzhou and Nanjing Pingtan of Nanjing Wuxi opera a form of traditional Chinese opera is popular in Wuxi while Huaiju is popular further north around Yancheng Jiangsu cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of the cuisine of China Suzhou is also well known for its silk Chinese embroidery jasmine tea stone bridges pagodas and classical gardens Nearby Yixing is noted for its teaware while Yangzhou is known for its lacquerware and jadeware Nanjing s yunjin is a noted type of woven silk Since ancient times south Jiangsu has been famed for its prosperity and opulence and simply inserting south Jiangsu place names Suzhou Yangzhou etc into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess citation needed as was indeed done by many famous poets In particular the fame of Suzhou as well as Hangzhou in neighbouring Zhejiang has led to the popular saying 上有天堂 下有蘇杭 above there is heaven below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities Similarly the prosperity of Yangzhou has led poets to dream of 腰纏十萬貫 騎鶴下揚州 with a hundred thousand strings of coins wrapped around its waist a crane landed in Yangzhou Education and research editHigher education edit For a more comprehensive list see List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu and Project 211 As of 2022 Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education ranking first of all Chinese provinces 59 There are two Project 985 11 Project 211 and 16 Double First Class Construction universities in the province A combination of 93 members of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering work in Jiangsu 60 As of 2023 four major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world s top 200 Nanjing 6th Suzhou 40th Zhenjiang 166th and Wuxi 188th cities by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index 11 Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu edit Jiangsu 16 Nanjing 13 China Pharmaceutical University Hohai University Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Normal University Nanjing University Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing University of Science and Technology Southeast University Wuxi Jiangnan University Suzhou Soochow University Xuzhou China University of Mining and Technology Other Major Research Universities in Jiangsu Jiangsu University Jiangsu Normal University Yangzhou University Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Changzhou University Nantong University Suzhou University of Science and Technology Nanjing Institute of Technology Huaiyin Institute of Technology Additional schools edit Nanjing Jinling High School Tianyi middle School Xishan Senior High School Qianhuang Senior High School School of Foreign Languages and Cultures of NNUTourism editNanjing was the capital of several Chinese dynasties and contains a variety of historic sites such as the Purple Mountain Purple Mountain Observatory the Sun Yat sen Mausoleum Ming dynasty city wall and gates Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum the mausoleum of the first Ming Emperor Hongwu Emperor Xuanwu Lake Jiming Temple the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Nanjing Confucius Temple Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and the Nanjing Zoo along with its circus Suzhou is renowned for its classical gardens designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as well as the Hanshan Temple and Huqiu Tower Nearby is the water town of Zhouzhuang an international tourist destination with Venice like waterways bridges and dwellings which have been preserved over centuries Yangzhou is known for Slender West Lake Wuxi is known for being the home of the world s tallest Buddha statue In the north Xuzhou is designated as one of China s eminent historical cities The official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu 61 was set up in 2008 Lion Garden in Suzhou Grand Buddha at Ling Shan Wuxi Chaotian Palace Qixia Temple Tianning Temple Pagoda Tombs of Southern Tang Emperor Yangzhong Puffer FishSports edit nbsp Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Professional sports teams in Jiangsu include Chinese Super League Nantong Zhiyun F C China League One Nanjing City F C Suzhou Dongwu F C Wuxi Wugo F C Chinese Basketball Association Jiangsu Dragons Nanjing Monkey King Chinese Volleyball League Jiangsu Zenith Steel China Baseball League Jiangsu PegasusInternational relations editTwin Provinces 62 edit Country State Province Time nbsp Australia Victoria 1979 11 18 nbsp Japan Aichi 1980 7 28 nbsp North Korea Kangwon 1984 11 8 nbsp Canada Ontario 1985 11 21 nbsp United States New York 1989 4 21 nbsp United Kingdom Essex 1992 7 16 nbsp Germany North Rhine Westphalia 1992 8 1 nbsp Italy Tuscany 1992 9 18 nbsp Japan Fukuoka 1992 11 4 nbsp Pakistan Punjab 1993 12 28 nbsp Germany Baden Wurttemberg 1994 4 23 nbsp Netherlands North Brabant 1994 9 9 nbsp South Korea North Jeolla 1994 10 27 nbsp Brazil Minas Gerais 1996 3 27 nbsp Italy Veneto 1998 6 22 nbsp Sweden Ostergotland 1999 3 22 nbsp Russia Moscow Oblast 1999 8 20 nbsp Belgium Namur 2000 5 7 nbsp South Africa Free state 2000 6 7 nbsp Poland Lesser Poland 2000 11 16 nbsp Finland Southern Finland 2001 5 11 nbsp Colombia Atlantico 2001 6 4 nbsp Malaysia Malacca 2002 9 18 nbsp France Alsace 2007 05 24 nbsp Mexico Baja California 2006 8 23 nbsp Switzerland Lucerne 2011 4 26 nbsp United States California 2011 7 18 nbsp Turkey Izmir 2012 4 30 nbsp Spain Basque 2012 4 27 nbsp Denmark Capital Region 2015 1 30 nbsp Belarus Mogilev 2015 5 10 nbsp Namibia Khomas 2015 6 19 nbsp Malaysia Kedah 2023 10 6 Twin towns and sister cities 63 edit Nanjing with nbsp Aichi Japan 64 See also edit nbsp China portal Major national historical and cultural sites in Jiangsu Jiangsu Hong Kong Personnel Training Cooperation Programme Aviation Martyrs CemeteryNotes edit The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey CGSS of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey CSLS of 2007 reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang 2015 51 in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures Christian churches and the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage i e people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage churches and ancestral shrines Data for other religions with a significant presence in China deity cults Buddhism Taoism folk religious sects Islam et al was not reported by Wang This may include Buddhists Confucians Deity worshippers Taoists Members of folk religious sects Small minorities of Muslims And people not bounded to nor practicing any institutional or diffuse religion References editCitations edit Communique of the Seventh National Population Census No 3 National Bureau of Statistics of China May 11 2021 Retrieved May 11 2021 a b c d e National Data National Bureau of Statistics of China March 1 2022 Retrieved March 23 2022 a b Subnational Human Development Index Global Data Lab China 2021 Retrieved April 9 2020 Jiangsu Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on May 18 2021 Jiangsu Merriam Webster com Dictionary 赵婷婷 Top 10 regions with highest GDP in China 2 Chinadaily com cn ChinaDaily com cn Archived from the original on October 28 2016 Retrieved January 22 2017 China provinces to be bigger than Russia FT com Archived from the original on April 6 2012 Retrieved January 22 2017 GDP current US 2021 Data data worldbank org Retrieved September 13 2022 Jiangsu authorities recount achievements in higher education field over past decade Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education September 2 2022 Retrieved September 14 2022 ShanghaiRanking s Best Chinese Universities Ranking www shanghairanking com Archived from the original on April 19 2022 Retrieved September 14 2022 a b Leading 200 science cities Nature Index 2023 Science Cities Supplements Nature Index www nature com Retrieved November 22 2023 in Chinese Origin of the Names of China s Provinces Archived 2016 04 27 at the Wayback Machine People s Daily Online in Chinese Jiangsu province China Britannica com Archived from the original on May 14 2014 Retrieved January 22 2017 管玉春 六代繁华帝王都 东晋 南朝的都城 建康 in Simplified Chinese June 24 2009 Archived from the original on January 4 2015 Retrieved January 4 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江苏省地方志 文化 jssdfz jiangsu gov cn Archived from the original on December 31 2017 Retrieved December 31 2017 Jiangsu Provincial Geography in Chinese Beijing Beijing Normal University Publishing Group 2011 ISBN 9787303131686 江苏省2001 2010年文化大省建设规划纲要 淮安宣传网 中共淮安市委宣传部主办 xcb huaian gov cn Huai an People s Government Archived from the original on December 31 2017 Retrieved December 31 2017 Luxembourg China Collection China Collection Online Gallery Discover Asia Geography Provinces 4 www china art collection com Archived from the original on February 28 2018 Retrieved February 28 2018 List of National Colleges and Universities Government Portal of the Ministry of Education of the People s Republic of China www moe gov cn Retrieved August 7 2022 2015年江苏省国民经济和社会发展统计公报 Jiangsu Bureau of Statistics Archived from the original on November 28 2016 Retrieved November 27 2016 official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu Archived from the original on January 3 2010 Retrieved January 29 2010 江苏省外事办 友城风采 省级友城统计表 截止2016年9月 共32对 江苏省外事办 友城风采 市县友城统计表 截止2016年9月 共268对 ベルギー3地域と 友好交流及び相互協力に関する覚書 を締結 Archived from the original on August 28 2017 Retrieved May 15 2017 Sources edit Economic profile for Jiangsu at HKTDCExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to 江苏 nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Jiangsu Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces from 1821 to 1850 in English and Chinese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jiangsu amp oldid 1217857318, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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