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Townships (simplified Chinese: 乡; traditional Chinese: 鄉; pinyin: xiāng), formally township-level divisions (Chinese: 乡级行政区; pinyin: Xiāng Jí Xíngzhèngqū), are the basic level (fourth-level administrative units) of political divisions in the People's Republic of China. They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages. In 1995 there were 29,648 townships and 17,570 towns (a total of 47,218 township-level divisions) in China which included the territories held by the Republic of China and claimed by the PRC.[1]
Much like other levels of government in mainland China, the township's governance is divided between the Communist Party Township Secretary, and the "county magistrate" (Chinese: 乡长; pinyin: xiāngzhǎng). The township party secretary, along with the township's party committee, determines policy. The magistrate is in charge of administering the daily affairs of government and executing policies as determined by the party committee. A township official is the lowest-level ranked official in the civil service hierarchy; in practice, however, the township party secretary and magistrate can amass high levels of personal power.
A township government is formally responsible for local economic development, planning, maintenance of local roads, family planning, sanitation & health, sports, and "other responsibilities as determined by higher level governments".[2][better source needed]
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there was a lack of uniform regulations for establishing towns, and there were too many towns formed. By the end of 1954, there were 5,400 towns throughout the country, including 920 with a population of less than 2,000, 2,302 with a population of 2,000-5,000, 1,373 with a population of 5,000-10,000, 784 with a population of 10,000-50,000, and 21 with a population over 50,000. In June 1955, the State Council issued the "Decision on the Establishment of Cities and Towns", which clarified the criteria for the establishment of towns. By the end of 1978, there were only 2,173 townships in the country. After the abolition of the people's commune system, the establishment of townships was given importance.
On 29 November 1984, the State Council announced new standards for the establishment of townships.
All local state organs at the county level should be set up as townships.
Townships with a total population of less than 20,000 and a non-agricultural population of more than 2,000 in the seat of the township government may be established.
For communes with a total population of more than 20,000, towns may be established if the non-agricultural population of the commune's governmental seat accounts for more than 10% of the commune's population.
Ethnic minority areas, sparsely populated remote areas, mountainous areas and small industrial and mining areas, small ports, scenic tourist areas, border crossings, etc., although the non-agricultural population of less than 2,000, if necessary, can also set up towns.
The township-level administrative division (the lowest level division) includes townships, towns, subdistricts, ethnic townships, and sums.[3] Some county-level administrative districts that govern towns and villages will also be defined as a similar to township unit, as in the case of the Jiaozishan Tourism Development Zone and Industrial Park of Kunming.
ReferencesEdit
^Yawei, Liu. "China's Township People's Congress Elections: An Introduction" (PDF). un.org. United Nations. (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
Citypopulation.de: Population by township in China
October 20, 2023
townships, china, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, chinese, march, 2023, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, transla. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese March 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at zh 乡级行政区 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated zh 乡级行政区 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Townships simplified Chinese 乡 traditional Chinese 鄉 pinyin xiang formally township level divisions Chinese 乡级行政区 pinyin Xiang Ji Xingzhengqu are the basic level fourth level administrative units of political divisions in the People s Republic of China They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages In 1995 there were 29 648 townships and 17 570 towns a total of 47 218 township level divisions in China which included the territories held by the Republic of China and claimed by the PRC 1 formallyTownship level divisionsChinese nameSimplified Chinese乡级行政区Traditional Chinese鄉級行政區TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinXiang Ji XingzhengquAlternative Chinese nameSimplified Chinese乡Traditional Chinese鄉TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinXiangTibetan nameTibetanཤང TranscriptionsWylieshangTibetan PinyinXangZhuang nameZhuangYanghMongolian nameMongolian scriptᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩTranscriptionsSASM GNCsiyaŋUyghur nameUyghurيېزا TranscriptionsLatin YeziqiYezaManchu nameManchu scriptᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨKazakh nameKazakhاۋىل auylKyrgyz nameKyrgyzايىل ajylMuch like other levels of government in mainland China the township s governance is divided between the Communist Party Township Secretary and the county magistrate Chinese 乡长 pinyin xiangzhǎng The township party secretary along with the township s party committee determines policy The magistrate is in charge of administering the daily affairs of government and executing policies as determined by the party committee A township official is the lowest level ranked official in the civil service hierarchy in practice however the township party secretary and magistrate can amass high levels of personal power A township government is formally responsible for local economic development planning maintenance of local roads family planning sanitation amp health sports and other responsibilities as determined by higher level governments 2 better source needed Contents 1 Types of townships 1 1 Urban 1 2 Rural 2 History 3 List of township level divisions 4 Similar to township units 5 References 6 External linksTypes of townships EditUrban Edit Subdistricts Chinese 街道 pinyin jiedao Towns Chinese 镇 pinyin zhen Rural Edit Main article Towns of China Townships Chinese 乡 pinyin xiang Sums of Inner Mongolia Ethnic townships towns and sumsHistory EditAfter the founding of the People s Republic of China in 1949 there was a lack of uniform regulations for establishing towns and there were too many towns formed By the end of 1954 there were 5 400 towns throughout the country including 920 with a population of less than 2 000 2 302 with a population of 2 000 5 000 1 373 with a population of 5 000 10 000 784 with a population of 10 000 50 000 and 21 with a population over 50 000 In June 1955 the State Council issued the Decision on the Establishment of Cities and Towns which clarified the criteria for the establishment of towns By the end of 1978 there were only 2 173 townships in the country After the abolition of the people s commune system the establishment of townships was given importance On 29 November 1984 the State Council announced new standards for the establishment of townships All local state organs at the county level should be set up as townships Townships with a total population of less than 20 000 and a non agricultural population of more than 2 000 in the seat of the township government may be established For communes with a total population of more than 20 000 towns may be established if the non agricultural population of the commune s governmental seat accounts for more than 10 of the commune s population Ethnic minority areas sparsely populated remote areas mountainous areas and small industrial and mining areas small ports scenic tourist areas border crossings etc although the non agricultural population of less than 2 000 if necessary can also set up towns List of township level divisions Edit nbsp Township map of Guizhou nbsp Township map of YunnanProvincesList of township level divisions of Anhui List of township level divisions of Fujian List of township level divisions of Gansu List of township level divisions of Guangdong List of township level divisions of Guizhou List of township level divisions of Hainan List of township level divisions of Hebei List of township level divisions of Heilongjiang List of township level divisions of Henan List of township level divisions of Hubei List of township level divisions of Hunan List of township level divisions of Jiangsu List of township level divisions of Jiangxi List of township level divisions of Jilin List of township level divisions of Liaoning List of township level divisions of Qinghai List of township level divisions of Shaanxi List of township level divisions of Shandong List of township level divisions of Shanxi List of township level divisions of Sichuan List of township level divisions of Yunnan List of township level divisions of ZhejiangAutonomous areasList of township level divisions of Guangxi List of township level divisions of Inner Mongolia List of township level divisions of Ningxia List of township level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region List of township level divisions of XinjiangMunicipalitiesList of township level divisions of Beijing List of township level divisions of Chongqing List of township level divisions of Shanghai List of township level divisions of TianjinSimilar to township units EditA similar to township unit in the system of administrative divisions of the People s Republic of China is a region with self jurisdiction which functions at a PRC township level administrative division Divisions of this sort can include development zones science and technology parks university cities companies farms fishing ground ranches orchards national parks etc even prisons The township level administrative division the lowest level division includes townships towns subdistricts ethnic townships and sums 3 Some county level administrative districts that govern towns and villages will also be defined as a similar to township unit as in the case of the Jiaozishan Tourism Development Zone and Industrial Park of Kunming References Edit Yawei Liu China s Township People s Congress Elections An Introduction PDF un org United Nations Archived PDF from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2014 01 08 乡政府职能和职责 Baidu Wenku 统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码编制规则 www stats gov cn Retrieved 2020 05 03 External links EditCitypopulation de Population by township in China Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Townships of China amp oldid 1175539585, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
