Jyutping is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK), an academic group, in 1993. Its formal name is the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK advocates for and promotes the use of this romanisation system.
The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms Jyut6jyu5 (粵語, meaning "Yue language") and ping3jam1 (拼音 "phonetic alphabet", also pronounced as "pinyin" in Mandarin).
Despite being intended as a system to indicate pronunciation, it has also been employed in writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language—in effect, elevating Jyutping from its assistive status to a written language.
The Jyutping system[1] departs from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately 12, including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard Romanization, Yale and Sidney Lau systems) by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals, as well as replacing the initial y, used in all previous systems, with j.[2]
In 2018, it was updated to include the -a and -oet finals, to reflect syllables recognized as part of Cantonese phonology in 1997 by the Jyutping Work Group of the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong.[3]
Initials
b /p/ 巴
p /pʰ/ 怕
m /m/ 媽
f /f/ 花
d /t/ 打
t /tʰ/ 他
n /n/ 那
l /l/ 啦
g /k/ 家
k /kʰ/ 卡
ng /ŋ/ 牙
h /h/ 蝦
gw /kʷ/ 瓜
kw /kʷʰ/ 誇
w /w/ 蛙
z /ts/ 渣
c /tsʰ/ 叉
s /s/ 沙
j /j/ 也
Finals
aa /aː/ 沙
aai /aːi̯/ 徙
aau /aːu̯/ 梢
aam /aːm/ 三
aan /aːn/ 山
aang /aːŋ/ 坑
aap /aːp̚/ 圾
aat /aːt̚/ 剎
aak /aːk̚/ 客
a /ɐ/ [1]
ai /ɐi̯/ 西
au /ɐu̯/ 收
am /ɐm/ 心
an /ɐn/ 新
ang /ɐŋ/ 笙
ap /ɐp̚/ 濕
at /ɐt̚/ 失
ak /ɐk̚/ 塞
e /ɛː/ 些
ei /ei̯/ 四
eu /ɛːu̯/ 掉[2]
em /ɛːm/ 舐[3]
eng /ɛːŋ/ 鄭
ep /ɛːp̚/ 夾[4]
ek /ɛːk̚/ 石
i /iː/ 詩
iu /iːu̯/ 消
im /iːm/ 閃
in /iːn/ 先
ing /ɪŋ/ 星
ip /iːp̚/ 攝
it /iːt̚/ 洩
ik /ɪk/ 識
o /ɔː/ 疏
oi /ɔːy̯/ 開
ou /ou̯/ 蘇
on /ɔːn/ 看
ong /ɔːŋ/ 康
ot /ɔːt̚/ 喝
ok /ɔːk̚/ 索
u /uː/ 夫
ui /uːy̯/ 灰
un /uːn/ 寬
ung /ʊŋ/ 鬆
ut /uːt̚/ 闊
uk /ʊk/ 叔
eoi /ɵy̯/ 需
eon /ɵn/ 詢
eot /ɵt̚/ 摔
oe /œː/ 鋸
oeng /œːŋ/ 商
oet /œːt̚/ [5]
oek /œːk̚/ 削
yu /yː/ 書
yun /yːn/ 孫
yut /yːt̚/ 雪
m /m̩/ 唔
ng /ŋ̩/ 吳
Only the finals m and ng can be used as standalone nasal syllables.
^^^ Referring to the colloquial pronunciation of these words.
^ Used for elided words in casual speech such as a6 in 四十四 (sei3a6sei3), elided from sei3 sap6 sei3.[3]
^ Used for onomatopoeias such as oet6 for belching or goet4 for snoring.
There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (Chinese: 入聲; Jyutping: jap6sing1), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Cantonese Pinyin; these are shown in parentheses in the table below). A mnemonic which some use to remember this is 「風水到時我哋必發達」or “Feng Shui [dictates that] we will be lucky.”
The vowelseo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping, whereas the eu represents both vowels in Yale.
The initialj represents /j/ in Jyutping whereas y is used instead in Yale.
The initial z represents /ts/ in Jyutping whereas j is used instead in Yale.
The initial c represents /tsʰ/ in Jyutping whereas ch is used instead in Yale.
In Jyutping, if no consonant precedes the vowel yu, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances.
Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale: eu/ɛːu/, em/ɛːm/, and ep/ɛːp/. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep6 (夾).
To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping whereas Yale traditionally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).
Comparison with Cantonese pinyin
Jyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:
The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, j, w.
The coda: i (except for its use in the coda/y/ in Jyutping; see below), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.
But they have some differences:
The voweloe represents both /ɵ/ and /œː/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping.
The vowel y represents /y/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas both yu (used in the nucleus) and i (used in the coda of the final -eoi) are used in Jyutping.
The initial dz represents /ts/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas z is used instead in Jyutping.
The initial ts represents /tsʰ/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas c is used instead in Jyutping.
To represent tones, the numbers 1 to 9 are usually used in Cantonese Pinyin, although the use of 1, 3, 6 to replace 7, 8, 9 for the checked tones is acceptable. However, only the numbers 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.
The Jyutping method (Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.
The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.
List of Jyutping keyboard input utilities
Online Jyutping Input Method (網上粵拼輸入法)
MDBG Type Chinese
Red Dragonfly (紅蜻蜓粵語拼音詞語輸入法)
for Mac (Mac OS 9 and macOS) (The page also includes Yale input version 0.2)
Hong Kong Cantonese 2010 (via Microsoft Office IME 2010)
Canton Easy Input (粵語拼音輸入法)
Cantonese Phonetic IME (廣東話拼音輸入法) (also called 'Cantonese Phonetic IME (CPIME) Jyutping' in Windows 10[5])
^. The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
^Kataoka, Shin; Lee, Cream (2008). "A System without a System: Cantonese Romanization Used in Hong Kong Place and Personal Names". Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics: 94–98.
^ abLinguistic Society of Hong Kong. . Archived from the original on 2021-01-06. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
^Matthews, S.; Yip, V. Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar; London: Routledge, 1994
^FAQ: How to select Cantonese Phonetic IME (CPIME) in Windows 10
Further reading
Zee, Eric (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–60. ISBN0521652367.
External links
Jyutping Pronunciation Guide
粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)
The CantoDict Project is a dedicated Cantonese-Mandarin-English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default
MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)
February 07, 2023
jyutping, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, 2013, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Jyutping news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Jyutping is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong LSHK an academic group in 1993 Its formal name is the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme The LSHK advocates for and promotes the use of this romanisation system JyutpingJyutping RomanizationTraditional Chinese粵拼Simplified Chinese粤拼JyutpingJyut6ping3Cantonese YaleYuhtpingLiteral meaningYue i e Cantonese spellingTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinYuepinBopomofoㄩㄝˋ ㄆㄧㄣGwoyeu RomatzyhYuehpinWade GilesYueh pʻin IPA ɥe pʰi n Yue CantoneseYale RomanizationYuhtpingJyutpingJyut6ping3Canton Romanizationyud6 ping3IPA jỳːt pʰeŋ This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters The name Jyutping itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name 粵拼 is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms Jyut6jyu5 粵語 meaning Yue language and ping3jam1 拼音 phonetic alphabet also pronounced as pinyin in Mandarin Despite being intended as a system to indicate pronunciation it has also been employed in writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language in effect elevating Jyutping from its assistive status to a written language Contents 1 History 2 Initials 3 Finals 4 Tones 5 Comparison with Yale romanisation 6 Comparison with Cantonese pinyin 7 Examples 8 Jyutping input method 8 1 List of Jyutping keyboard input utilities 9 See also 10 Footnotes 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory EditThe Jyutping system 1 departs from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems approximately 12 including Robert Morrison s pioneering work of 1828 and the widely used Standard Romanization Yale and Sidney Lau systems by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals as well as replacing the initial y used in all previous systems with j 2 In 2018 it was updated to include the a and oet finals to reflect syllables recognized as part of Cantonese phonology in 1997 by the Jyutping Work Group of the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong 3 Initials Editb p 巴 p pʰ 怕 m m 媽 f f 花d t 打 t tʰ 他 n n 那 l l 啦g k 家 k kʰ 卡 ng ŋ 牙 h h 蝦gw kʷ 瓜 kw kʷʰ 誇 w w 蛙z ts 渣 c tsʰ 叉 s s 沙 j j 也Finals Editaa aː 沙 aai aːi 徙 aau aːu 梢 aam aːm 三 aan aːn 山 aang aːŋ 坑 aap aːp 圾 aat aːt 剎 aak aːk 客a ɐ 1 ai ɐi 西 au ɐu 收 am ɐm 心 an ɐn 新 ang ɐŋ 笙 ap ɐp 濕 at ɐt 失 ak ɐk 塞e ɛː 些 ei ei 四 eu ɛːu 掉 2 em ɛːm 舐 3 eng ɛːŋ 鄭 ep ɛːp 夾 4 ek ɛːk 石i iː 詩 iu iːu 消 im iːm 閃 in iːn 先 ing ɪŋ 星 ip iːp 攝 it iːt 洩 ik ɪk 識o ɔː 疏 oi ɔːy 開 ou ou 蘇 on ɔːn 看 ong ɔːŋ 康 ot ɔːt 喝 ok ɔːk 索u uː 夫 ui uːy 灰 un uːn 寬 ung ʊŋ 鬆 ut uːt 闊 uk ʊk 叔 eoi ɵy 需 eon ɵn 詢 eot ɵt 摔 oe œː 鋸 oeng œːŋ 商 oet œːt 5 oek œːk 削yu yː 書 yun yːn 孫 yut yːt 雪 m m 唔 ng ŋ 吳 Only the finals m and ng can be used as standalone nasal syllables Referring to the colloquial pronunciation of these words Used for elided words in casual speech such as a6 in 四十四 sei3a6sei3 elided from sei3 sap6 sei3 3 Used for onomatopoeias such as oet6 for belching or goet4 for snoring Tones EditMain article Cantonese phonology Tones There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese However as three of the nine are entering tones Chinese 入聲 Jyutping jap6sing1 which only appear in syllables ending with p t and k they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping though they do in Cantonese Pinyin these are shown in parentheses in the table below A mnemonic which some use to remember this is 風水到時我哋必發達 or Feng Shui dictates that we will be lucky Tone name jam1ping4 陰平 jam1soeng5 陰上 jam1heoi3 陰去 joeng4ping4 陽平 joeng4soeng5 陽上 joeng4heoi3 陽去 gou1jam1jap6 高陰入 dai1jam1jap6 低陰入 joeng4jap6 陽入 Tone number 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 3 6The tone name in English high level or high falling mid rising mid level low falling low rising low level entering high level entering mid level entering low levelContour 4 55 53 35 33 21 11 13 22 5 3 2Character example 分 詩 粉 史 訓 試 焚 時 奮 市 份 是 忽 識 發 錫 佛 食Example fan1 si1 fan2 si2 fan3 si3 fan4 si4 fan5 si5 fan6 si6 fat1 sik1 faat3 sek3 fat6 sik6Comparison with Yale romanisation EditJyutping and the Yale Romanisation of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in The initials b p m f d t n l g k ng h s gw kw w The vowel aa except when used alone a e i o u yu The nasal stop m ng The coda i u m n ng p t k But they differ in the following The vowels eo and oe represent ɵ and œː respectively in Jyutping whereas the eu represents both vowels in Yale The initial j represents j in Jyutping whereas y is used instead in Yale The initial z represents ts in Jyutping whereas j is used instead in Yale The initial c represents tsʰ in Jyutping whereas ch is used instead in Yale In Jyutping if no consonant precedes the vowel yu then the initial j is appended before the vowel In Yale the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale eu ɛːu em ɛːm and ep ɛːp These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words such as deu6 掉 lem2 舐 and gep6 夾 To represent tones only tone numbers are used in Jyutping whereas Yale traditionally uses tone marks together with the letter h though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well Comparison with Cantonese pinyin EditJyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in The initials b p m f d t n l g k ng h s gw kw j w The vowel aa a e i o u The nasal stop m ng The coda i except for its use in the coda y in Jyutping see below u m n ng p t k But they have some differences The vowel oe represents both ɵ and œː in Cantonese Pinyin whereas eo and oe represent ɵ and œː respectively in Jyutping The vowel y represents y in Cantonese Pinyin whereas both yu used in the nucleus and i used in the coda of the final eoi are used in Jyutping The initial dz represents ts in Cantonese Pinyin whereas z is used instead in Jyutping The initial ts represents tsʰ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas c is used instead in Jyutping To represent tones the numbers 1 to 9 are usually used in Cantonese Pinyin although the use of 1 3 6 to replace 7 8 9 for the checked tones is acceptable However only the numbers 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping Examples EditTraditional Simplified Romanization廣州話 广州话 Gwong2 zau1 waa2粵語 粤语 Jyut6 jyu5你好 你好 nei5 hou2Sample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems 春曉孟浩然 Ceon1 Hiu2Maang6 Hou6 jin4春眠不覺曉 Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2 處處聞啼鳥 cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5 夜來風雨聲 Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1 花落知多少 faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2 Jyutping input method EditThe Jyutping method Chinese 粵拼輸入法 refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character with or without tone depending on the system and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation List of Jyutping keyboard input utilities Edit Online Jyutping Input Method 網上粵拼輸入法 MDBG Type Chinese Red Dragonfly 紅蜻蜓粵語拼音詞語輸入法 LSHK Jyutping for Mac Mac OS 9 and macOS The page also includes Yale input version 0 2 Hong Kong Cantonese 2010 via Microsoft Office IME 2010 Canton Easy Input 粵語拼音輸入法 Cantonese Phonetic IME 廣東話拼音輸入法 also called Cantonese Phonetic IME CPIME Jyutping in Windows 10 5 RIME 小狼毫輸入法引擎 GboardSee also Edit Hong Kong portal China portal Languages portalCantonese phonologyFootnotes Edit The Jyutping Scheme The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Archived from the original on 26 April 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2016 Kataoka Shin Lee Cream 2008 A System without a System Cantonese Romanization Used in Hong Kong Place and Personal Names Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics 94 98 a b Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Jyutping 粵拼 Archived from the original on 2021 01 06 Retrieved 2020 10 07 Matthews S Yip V Cantonese A Comprehensive Grammar London Routledge 1994 FAQ How to select Cantonese Phonetic IME CPIME in Windows 10Further reading EditZee Eric 1999 Handbook of the International Phonetic Association Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 58 60 ISBN 0521652367 External links EditJyutping Pronunciation Guide 粵語拼盤 Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese Chinese Character Database Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect The CantoDict Project is a dedicated Cantonese Mandarin English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default MDBG free online Chinese English dictionary supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jyutping amp oldid 1136601551, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
