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Nanjing University

Nanjing University (NJU; Chinese: 南京大学) is a national public research university in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is a member of the prestigious C9 League and the Double First Class University.[6] NJU has two main campuses: the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing, and the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing.

Nanjing University
南京大学 (Chinese)
logo in English
Former name
  • Sanjiang or Liangjiang Normal College (1902–1914)
  • Nanking Higher Normal School (1915–1923)
  • National Southeastern University (1921–1927)
  • National Central University (1928–1949)
Motto诚朴雄伟励学敦行[1]
Motto in English
Sincerity with Aspiration, Perseverance and Integrity[2]
TypePublic
Established1902; 121 years ago (1902)[Note 1]
PresidentLü Jian
Academic staff
2,135
Undergraduates13,865
Postgraduates12,793
Location, ,
Colors  Purple
AffiliationsC9, APRU, AEARU, WUN, Service-Learning Asia Network
Websitewww.nju.edu.cn
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese南京大学
Traditional Chinese南京大學
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNánjīng Dàxué
[3][4][5]

Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School, Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes, such as Nanjing Higher Normal School, National Southeastern University and National Central University, until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950. It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952.[7] NJU is perennially ranked one of the best research universities in China,[8][9] and one of the most selective universities in the nation.[10]

As of 2023, Nanjing University ranked 7th in China and 95th globally by Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[11] The university ranks 94th in the world by the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities.[12] Regarding scientific research output, the Nature Index Annual Table 2023 ranked Nanjing University the No.3 university in China and the Asia Pacific region, and 5th in the world among global universities (after Harvard, UCAS, Stanford, and USTC).[13]

History

Late Qing and Republic of China

 
Paifang of "Tao is Universal Through All Times" (道貫古今), at the former campus site Chaotian Palace

In 1902, Sanjiang Normal College (三江師範學堂) under the new educational system, using Japanese modern higher institutions of learning as references, was beginning to be established to replace the traditional Chinese school Nanking Academy, and was opened in the next year, with campus constructed south to Qintian Mountain. The name was changed to Liangjiang Normal College (兩江師範學堂) in 1906, and the new president Li Ruiqing (李瑞清) established the first faculty of modern art in China.

In 1915 after the Republic of China replaced Qing dynasty, the Nanking Higher Normal School (南京高等師範學校) was founded to replace Liangjiang Higher Normal School which was closed three years before due to Xinhai Revolution, Jiang Qian was appointed as the president.[Note 2] The school established the China's first faculty of modern gymnastics (physical education) in 1916. In 1920 the school consisted of five colleges: Liberal Arts, Agriculture, Engineering, Commerce and Education.

The "China Science Society", a major science organization in the modern history of China, founded its headquarter in the school in 1918. Its members established "Academia Sinica" which was later moved to Taiwan and known as the "Chinese Academy of Sciences" in mainland China. Numerous Chinese modern science pioneers, most of whom studied in America and some European countries such as Britain, France, and Germany, converged there to found many fields of science in China. It became the Chinese cradle of modern science. Among 81 academicians of "Academia Sinica" elected for the first time in 1948, five entered or graduated from the university in 1920. More than half of the leading Chinese scientists whose works were published in scientific journals in the early period of Chinese modern science were graduates or academics of Nanjing University.

Guo Bingwen, an influential university president, was appointed in 1919 after Jiang Qian. The school meeting passed The Audit Law for Women Students (《規定女子旁聽法案》) on December 7, 1919, as result of efforts of the educationist Tao Xingzhi, as well as the president Guo Bingwen, and the professors including Liu Boming, Lu Zhiwei, Yang Xingfo, etc., and then decided to formally recruit female students. The school became the first higher learning institution in China to recruit coeducational students. It enrolled eight women students in the first year 1920, and in addition, more than 50 female auditing students were admitted.

In 1921 the National Southeastern University (國立東南大學) was founded, and in 1923 Nanking Higher Normal School was merged into it. In the autumn of 1921, the Faculty of Business established in 1917 was moved to Shanghai to establish the first business school conferring degrees in China. The university consisted of five colleges (or schools) at the time: Liberal Arts (including departments of Chinese literature, foreign literature, history, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geoscience, and the Department of Politics, Law and Economics), Education, Agriculture, Engineering, and Commerce (or Business, including departments of general commerce, business administration, accounting, finance, economics, international trade, etc.), and soon later the College of Liberal Arts was divided to be College of Humanities and College of Sciences. The earliest modern scientific research laboratories and groups in China were established at the university. It integrated teaching and research, with status of university's independence and academic freedom, and was regarded as the earliest Chinese modern university. The university along with its affiliated primary school and middle school served as a pioneer and model which laid the foundations for the establishment of modern educational system (壬戌學制 1922) in China, and in addition, its experimental kindergarten (Gulou Kindergarten) founded in 1923 was later also adopted as the model for Chinese kindergartens (Kindergarten Courses Standards by Ministration of Education, 1932), including its teaching system, teaching materials, teaching methods and teaching tools. In October 1921, "Xueheng Society" (學衡社) was founded in the university which was the focus of the "Xueheng School" included the scholars Liu Yizheng, Liu Boming, Mei Guangdi [zh], Wu Mi and Hu Xiansu. They reinvigorated Confucian culture and humanism and published the monthly "Critical Review" in January 1922. It enabled Nanjing University to become a center of Confucian thought and humanistic scholarship. During this period, Nanjing University was known as the foremost "Oriental Education Centre" and recognized as an academic and cultural exchange centre for east and west. Many scholars visited and instructed there, including the American educationist Paul Monroe, W. H. Kilpatrick, E. L. Thorndike, philosopher John Dewey, British philosopher Bertrand Russell, German philosopher Hans Driesch and the Indian (also Bengali) poet Rabindranath Tagore.

The university became the capital national university after Nanking was made the capital by Nationalist Government, initially renamed National Dyisyi Chungshan University (or called National Nanking Chungshan University) in June 1927 when National Southeastern University merged eight public schools in Jiangsu province, and was renamed Jiangsu University in February 1928, and in May 1928, it was renamed National Central University (國立中央大學).[14] At the time there were eight colleges (or schools): Humanity, Social Science, Natural Science, Engineering, Education, Commerce, Agriculture, and Medicine. The College of Commerce moved to Shanghai in 1921 and College of Medicine established in Shanghai in 1927 were split from the university in 1932.[Note 3] In 1935 College of Medicine was again established, in Nanjing. During the Anti-Japanese War between 1937 and 1945, the university moved to Chongqing, while the College of Medicine and Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine of College of Agriculture moved to Chengdu. The Chinese Association of Natural Science (中華自然科學社) was originated at the university in 1927 and adopted the name next year, which was the second largest scientific organization in China in 1949, after China Science Society. China Association of Scientific Workers (中國科學工作者協會) was founded in the university in 1944.[Note 4] China Science Society and the associations were merged to be the China Association for Science and Technology in 1958 in Beijing. The Natural Science Forum was initiated by the university faculties in 1939, which was later renamed Jiusan Forum (Sept. 3rd Forum) and became Jiusan Society in 1945, an organization for intellectual groups in China. In the united college entrance examinations beginning in 1937, about two-thirds of students put the university as the first choice. It became the first Chinese university to enroll a blind student, enrolling Luo Fuxin (羅福鑫) in 1942.

People's Republic of China

In 1949, during the late time of Chinese Civil War, the central government of the Republic of China retreated from Nanking and the National Central University was renamed National Nanking University (國立南京大學) after Nanking was controlled by CPC army, before the establishment of People's Republic of China. In 1952, many colleges and departments, mainly colleges of education (or teacher, normal, including art and physical education departments), engineering, agriculture, and medicine, were split from Nanjing University, and many new independent schools were formed, including Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing Institute of Technology which was located at former Nanjing University site and later renamed Southeast University, etc.[Note 5] At the same time, University of Nanking, a private university established in 1888 and sponsored by American churches, was merged into Nanjing University (南京大學), which lost its "national" appellation in 1950 to reflect the reality that all universities in the PRC would be public, and Nanjing University moved campus to the site of University of Nanking where was west to Gulou Mountain and was also once the site of imperial Nanjing University in ancient times. A separate National Central University was reinstated in Taiwan by its old alumni association in 1962.

 
Nanjing University Student Activities Center, Xianlin Campus

During the period of communist society including the period of Proletarian Cultural Revolution, the school suffered heavily. In 1976, Nanjing University faculty members and students launched Anti Cultural Revolution Force Movement which was called "Nanjing Incident" by the authorities of the time, spreading countrywide. In 1978, Hu Fuming, a faculty member of Nanjing University in philosophy, wrote the historic article entitled "Practice is the Sole Criterion for Testing Truth", and after being published it led to the nationwide "Debate on Standards for Judging the Truth", and thus in certain degree liberated thought and promoted the ending of Cultural Revolution and the coming of reform era.

After the Reform and new development

Many faculties have been reestablished or newly founded since the Reform after 1978, e.g., law reestablished in 1981, medical school in 1987, environmental department newly founded in 1984. Some departments were divided into two or more departments, e.g., the Chinese language and literature department divided into departments of language & linguistics, literature, philology and drama arts, or some new faculties came out of older faculties, e.g., computer came out of mathematics, urban planning came out of geography, in many case formed integratively, i.e., formed based on parts of two or more faculties, e.g., parts of faculties of physics and chemistry integratively formed material faculty. In around 1990 the university consisted of schools (colleges) of Humanities, Sciences, Technological Sciences, Medicine, Business, etc.. Then many departments became schools, e.g., mathematics, physics, chemistry, or grouped into new schools, e.g., architecture and urban planning. The size of university significantly expanded during the years.

In 2009, Xianlin Campus opened to undergraduates, replacing Pukou Campus which was in use since 1993, and Pukou Campus became the campus of NJU Jinling College, an independent private college directed by NJU. The Xianlin campus now is a main campus along with Gulou campus.

Faculties

 
Old Great Hall (大禮堂)

More than 1500 years ago, ancient University of Nanjing founded the earliest faculties of literature, history, etc.. In modern times, Nanjing University established Chinese first faculties of art, gymnastics, biology, psychology, business management, etc.. Its faculties, departments and schools have been changed and evolved timely. For example, in 1921, the university consisted of 5 schools: liberal arts, education, agriculture, engineering and business, in 1928 the school of liberal arts had become three schools, and the university consisted of 8 schools: humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, education, agriculture, engineering, business and medicine, and now, many former departments of humanities, natural sciences and social sciences have become schools.

The system of academic degree or diploma has also been changed. In the early years of ROC the university adopted the system similar to western especially American universities and began to award bachelor's degree. The university founded China's first modern laboratories in physics, chemistry, etc.. In 1922, the university professors founded The Biology Research Institute of Science Society of China, the first modern scientific research institute in China, integrated with the university's biology department. With the aid of Rockefeller Foundation, Science Centre was constructed in 1924 and completed three years later. In 1926 the university passed The General Regulation of Graduate Institute. China's first doctor's degree was awarded by the school of medicine of the university in 1931. Soon the educational system was changed. In the early 1980s after a period of transformation, universities in mainland China resumed to award doctor's degrees, and graduate and undergraduate education were integrated into departments and schools. Nanjing University is the first in mainland China to award doctor's degrees in such fields as Chinese studies, world history, computer science.

It is distinguished in many fields including Chinese Language and Literature,[15][16] and natural sciences.[17] Its faculty, including part-time faculty, includes more than twenty Nobel Laureates engaged in teaching.[18] The university is a Double First Class University Plan university in 15 academic disciplines.[19]

Schools and departments

 
Main Entrance of the Gulou Campus
 
Nanjing University

Current schools and departments

  • School of Liberal Arts (School of Literature, or College of Literature)
    • Chinese Language and Linguistics; Literature; Philology; Drama Arts
  • School of History
    • Chinese History; World History; Archaeology
  • Department of Philosophy; Religion
    • English; Russian; Japanese; French; German; Spanish; Korean; International Business
  • School of Government
    • Politics; Government Administration; Labor, Personnel and Social Security; Diplomacy and International Affairs
  • School of Law
  • School of Social and Behavioral Sciences
    • Sociology; Social Work and Social Policy; Psychology; Anthropology (institute)
  • School of Business (NUBS)
    • School of Management: Business Administration; Human Resource; Accounting; Marketing & Electronic Commerce
    • School of Economics: Economics; Industrial Economics; International Economics & Trading; Finance
  • Department of Information Management
  • School of Journalism and Communication
  • Department of Mathematics
  • School of Physics
    • Physics; Modern Physics; Photoelectricity Science; Acoustic Science and Engineering
  • School of Astronomy and Space Science
    • Astronomy; Space Science
  • School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    • Chemistry; Chemical Engineering; Polymer
  • School of Geoscience
    • School of Atmosphere Science: Meteorology; Atmosphere Physics
    • School of Earth Science and Engineering: Earth Science; Water Science; Geology Engineering and Information Technology
    • School of Geography and Ocean Science: Natural Geography; Land, Resources and Tourism; Earth Information Science; Coast and Ocean Science
  • School of Life Sciences
    • Biology; Biochemistry
  • School of Medicine
    • Clinical Medicine; Dentistry; Basic Medical Science; Laboratory Medicine; Public Health and Medicine (institute)
  • School of Environment
  • School of Architecture and Planning
    • Architecture; Urban Planning and Design
  • School of Electronics Science and Engineering
    • Electronic Engineering; Micro-electronics and Optoelectronics; Informational Electronics; Communication Engineering
  • Department of Computer Science and Technology; Software Institute
  • College of Engineering and Applied Sciences
    • Materials; Energy; Quantum Electronics and Optical Engineering; Biomedical Engineering
 
Overlooking Xianlin campus from a nearby metro station
  • Institute of Education (Graduate School of Education)
  • Institute for Gymnastics
  • Institute of Arts
  • Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Science
  • School for Basic Sciences Education
  • International School
  • School for Overseas Students Education
  • Jinling College(First-class applied college)
  • Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies (Hopkins-Nanjing Center)
  • Other research and education institutes in areas such as African Studies, Judaic Studies, Agriculture, Engineering Management, etc.

Campus

 
The Gulou campus in autumn


Nanjing University has four main campuses: Gulou, Xianlin, Pukou, and Suzhou campus. The distance between Gulou and Xianlin campus is about 18 kilometers.

Gulou Campus is located in Gulou District, at the center of Nanjing City. The main campus itself is divided into two sections by Hankou Road: North Garden, Bei Yuan, is where teaching and research take place; and South Garden, Nan Yuan, serves as the living area for both students and academic staff.

Pukou Campus is situated in the suburban Pukou District, by the northern side of Nanjing New & High-Tech Industry Development Zone, and became part of Nanjing University in 1993. Once Pukou campus hosted undergraduate freshmen, sophomore and junior students. In 2009, the Pukou campus became the campus hosted the undergraduate students in Nanjing University Jinling College, which was founded by Nanjing University in 1998. Nanjing University Biomedical Research Institute is also located in Pukou.

Xianlin Campus is located in the northeast of Nanjing, in the Xianlin Universities Town, south of Yangtse River and Qixia Mountain, east of Purple Mountain, and west of Baohua Mountain. The campus is home to undergraduate students and parts of graduate students. It was opened in September 2009. There is the stop of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus on Line 2 of Nanjing Subway, which enables Xianlin and Gulou campus to be connected through subway.

In Gulou campus, there are several museums including Nanjing University Museum, Museum of Art and Archaeology, Museum of Earth Science. There is Sun Yat-sen House. It's said that Sun Yat-sen, the first president (provisional president) of the Republic of China, lived there. There are also Pearl Buck House, John Rabe House, etc.. Gulou campus is now becoming mainly for professional graduate campus.

The location of Nanjing University has changed for several times, with historical campuses mainly in Fuzimiao (on the bank of Qinhuai River), Gulou, Chaotiangong and Sipailou (south of Qintian Mountain) areas. In addition, during Anti-Japanese War, its main campus moved to Shapingba, Chungking, with two auxiliary campuses, one in Bohsi, Chungking, and one in Hwahsiba, Chengdu, in some sense combined with Chongqing University and Western China University (now medical school of Sichuan University) respectively. It also deserves to mention that before the war, with the rapid development of the university, a new campus planned to cover an area of 8000 mu (about 5.3 km2 or 2.0 sq mi) south to Niushou Mountain in the southern suburb area of Nanjing had been built for near a year. After the war, it moved back to Nanjing, making former campus Sipailou as main campus, and the new campus Dingjiaqiao was built for agriculture and medical schools. Nanjing University relocated in Gulou six years after moving back, and then near sixty years later Xianlin campus emerged. Today's Nanjing University Gulou campus is the location of Imperial University of Nanjing during Former Song dynasty in more than 1500 years ago when it was in the west of the city, and now it's in the centre of the city.

Culture

Motto

Officially translated into English as "Sincerity with Aspiration, Perseverance and Integrity". Another version is "Be Honest and Intelligent, Study Hard and Act Sincerely."(simplified Chinese: 诚朴雄伟 励学敦行; traditional Chinese: 誠樸雄偉 勵學敦行; pinyin: chéng pǔ xióng wěi lì xué dūn xíng)

The first half of this motto was the motto during the National Central University time, and the last half was quoted from the classic literature work Book of Rites. It was voted to be the motto by university students in 2002, and the then university president supported it and wrote an article to interpret it.[20]

The translation does not fully express the meaning of the Chinese words of the motto. Motto counterparts between Chinese and English literally: Cheng (诚, Sincerity, Honesty, Integrity), Pu (樸, Simplicity, Austerity, naturally being oneself), Xiong (雄, Sturdiness, Majesty, being vigorous and keeping ideal and ambition, being firm and persistent with fortitude), Wei (偉, Greatness, having great ideal and ambition, with great mind comprehending, containing and improving world), Li Xue (勵學, Endeavor to Learn), Dun Xing (敦行, Urge to Act, Act Sincerely). The term Dun Xing comes from the context in Book of Rites: Having broad knowledge and strong learning ability and being modest, acting in sincerity and benignity and not slack, that is a gentleman (gentleperson) (博聞強識而讓 敦善行而不怠 謂之君子).

Song

The university song, recovered in 2002, was created in 1916. It is the first school song in the modern history of Nanjing University, with the lyrics written by Jiang Qian and melody composed by Li Shutong (李叔同).[21]

Anniversary

The present school anniversary is on May 20 every year, which was set by the school authority in 1954 in some sense due to some ideological reasons of the time, with the starting year being 1902 when relaunching the school as a modern higher learning institution, and the day May 20 in memory of the movement of anti-hunger and anti-war initiated by the university in that day of 1947. In recent years, the date May 20 has another new meaning: in Chinese Nanjing pronunciation, 5.20, sounds like I Love You (Wu Ai Ni). It shows students' love for their Alma Mater.

Rankings and reputation

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[22]94 (2023)
QS World[23]124 (2021)
THE World[24]95 (2023)
THE Reputation[25]91 (2021)
USNWR Global[26]123 (2023)
Regional – Overall
QS BRICS[27]9 (2019)
THE Asia[28]17 (2021)
THE Emerging Economies[29]8 (2022)
USNWR Asia[30]19 (2023)
National – Overall
BCUR National[31]5 (2021)
THE National[32]7 (2022)
USNWR National[33]9 (2023)

Global rankings

As of 2022, Nanjing University ranked 7th in China and 95th globally by Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[11] As of 2023, it ranks 94th globally by the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities.[12] Nanjing University consistently features in the top 150 international universities as ranked by the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the QS World University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and the U.S. News & World Report.[34][35][36][37] Regarding scientific research output, the Nature Index Annual Table 2022 ranked Nanjing University the 5th university in China and the Asia Pacific region, and 8th in the world among global universities.[13]

Nanjing University is consistently ranked among the top universities in Asia according to several major international university rankings.[38][39] The joint THE-QS World University Rankings 2007 ranked Nanjing University 4th in China after (Peking, Tsinghua and Fudan), 17th in Asia and 125th in the world.[40] The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011 placed Nanjing 120th in the world, 16th in Asia and 4th in China.[41] In 2017, Nanjing University was ranked 91-100 for World Reputation Ranking by Times Higher Education,[42] and 114 by QS World University Rankings.[43] In 2017, its Graduate Employability rankings placed at #101 globally in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings.[44] Nanjing University has been consistently ranked among the top 20 universities in the world by Nature Index since 2016 by Nature Portfolio.[45][46][47][48][49][50]

Domestic rankings

Nanjing University is generally considered one of the most competitive university in China.[51] The first-time integrative ranking of universities in China, in 1989, ranked Nanjing as the No.1 comprehensive university.[52] Reviewing rankings, domestically, according to university rankings in China, Nanjing University was generally ranked among the top 3 universities before the university merger tide occurred in the several years about after 2000, and then ranking down, even falling to No.7. Chinese university ranking by Chinese Academy of Management Science since 1995 ranked Nanjing University between 1st and 3rd before 2000 and since then between 3rd and 6th.[53][54] Chinese university ranking since 1999 by the higher education publisher Netbig consistently ranked the university among the top 3 before 2005, and in the most recent ranking among the top 5.[54] Academic Ranking of World Universities since 2003 by Shanghai Jiaotong University suggested a domestic rank of number 2 to number 7.[55][54]

Admissions

Selectivity

Known for its stringent admission criteria, Nanjing University was reported in 2021 by one source to be the fourth most selective university ("the university that is the hardest to get in") in mainland China.[56]

Overseas students

In 2012, 667 new students from abroad attended Nanking University, among them about 20% from USA, 22% from Britain, France, Germany and Italy and the rest from other countries. In 2013 Nanda recruited 761 overseas students from 61 countries. In 2014, there were about 3600 overseas students, about 40% from Asia, 40% from Europe and North America, and 20% from other regions.[citation needed]

Academics

 
The northwestern corner of Nanjing University's Gulou campus houses most of the university's foreign students: Center for Chinese and American Studies (front left), Zeng Xianzi building (back center), Xiyuan (right).

Chinese language and literature

Nanjing University has a long history in the field of Chinese language and literature. The School of Literature founded by Hsieh Yuan in the 15th year of Yuanjia reign (CE 438) was the oldest literature school in ancient China. In modern times, it was the first in mainland China to have granted a doctoral degree in Chinese Language and Literature. In addition, Nanjing University is in close cooperation with the United Nations to offer a Chinese language programme.[57][58] Widely recognized as one of the most eminently prestigious Schools of Chinese in the world, it was ranked with Peking University as Joint No. 1 in Chinese Language and Literature.[15] Peking University and Nanjing University are widely recognized in the academic community as the two top universities in the field of Chinese Language and Literature in the world, with both consistently taking the two top places in rankings on the subject. [Nanjing University] had produced modern China's first PhD in Chinese Language and Literature, Dr. Mo Lifeng (莫砺锋),[59] who is still serving as its Professor of Chinese.[citation needed]

Western literature

Nanjing University established the first department of Western literature among Chinese universities, in 1921. Two years later the department was merged with English department and other faculties including French and German and renamed department of foreign languages and literature, later known as school of foreign studies. China Association for the Study of American Literature (CASAL) is located in the school.[citation needed]

Other university-affiliated institutions

Herbarium

Nanjing University Herbarium (N) was founded in the 4th year of ROC, although there were herbarium specimens in the school before. It's the first modern herbarium in China. It is located in the Tianjiabing Building.[citation needed]

Notable alumni and people

Alumni and students

  • Among the winners of the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars from 1994 to 2008, 108 are graduates of Nanda, ranking No. 1, 96 are of Beida, 76 are of University of Science and Technology of China, and 64 are of Tsinghua University which is listed in top 4.
  • Among 78 winners of Prizes for Young Scientists of China since 1992, 5 are Nanda graduates, both Beida and Tsinghua graduates are 4, consisting of top 3 rankings.
  • A statistic in 2006 indicated that among about 120 directors (or presidents) of institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 are graduates of Nanjing University, ranking No. 1, while the number of the university (Peking University) ranking No.2 is 10, and a recent statistic in 2010 shows that 14 holds bachelor's from Nanda which is the double of the number of the university (Beida) which ranks No.2.[citation needed]
  • Among 25 winners of National Preeminent Science and Technology Award since 2000, 4 are graduates of Nanjing University: Liu Dongsheng (劉東生), Min Enze (閔恩澤), Wu Liangyong (吳良鏞), Zhang Cunhao (張存浩), ranking top 3 along with Tsinghua University and Peking University, and besides, the winner Cheng Kaijia (程開甲) is a faculty member of Nanjing University, and Yuan Longping (袁隆平) is a graduate of the then middle school affiliated to Nanjing University (now the High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University).
  • Nanjing University ranks No.1 in the number of alumni elected as academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and/or Chinese Academy of Engineering graduated in recent more than 30 years since college admission entrance examination system was recovered in 1977 after Cultural Revolution.[60]
  • In the first time Examination for senior civil service post of Republic of China (as recovery of and equivalent to Imperial examination) in 1931, top 100 were selected, all were males, among them 25 are graduates of Nanjing University, including Zhuangyuan (principal graduate) Chow Bangdao, who was later president of China Medical College and Political Deputy Ministry of Examination, ROC, and the school in the second place is Peking University, with 8 graduates. In the second time exam held in 1933, there were females passed, half of whom graduated from Nanjing University, as well as Zhuangyuan Lee Hsuehteng, who graduated from law school and later became Chief Justice of ROC Supreme Court. One-fourth of Chief Justices in the early 60 more years of Republic of China are National Central University (Nanjing University) alumni.[61]
  • In sciences, there are 877 leading scientists with major contributions to modern sciences in China, as listed in an article on history of Chinese modern sciences by Li Peishan published on CAS journal, and among them 115 are graduates of Nanjing University during Republic of China in the mainland period (1912–49), ranking No.1.

University faculty and people

In literature

Nanjing University in literature, media and various related works

  • Liao-Fan's Four Lessons, a book, film, drama serials. The book is written by Yuan LiaoFan, a graduate of Imperial University of Nanking in Ming dynasty.
  • Chiang Kai-Shek's Face (蔣公的面子), a story about three professors and president Chiang Kai-Shek (president of Republic of China and also president of National Central University).

See also

Notes

  1. ^ According to The History Evolution of National Central University (R.O.C. 26, 1937 CE) (《國立中央大學沿革史》 中華民國二十六年), it was founded in the winter of the first year of Yong'an reign (258 CE) during the era of Three Kingdoms. Since it was founded in CE 258, it had evolved and adopted different names in each dynasty or period in ancient China. It became a modern institution of higher learning in 1902 during Qing dynasty. Liangjiang Higher Normal School was closed in 1911 when the Qing dynasty was overthrown. In 1915 after the Republic of China was founded, Nanking Higher Normal School was established to replace the Liangjing Normal School. In 1949 when the Republic of China was replaced by the People's Republic of China in mainland, its name was changed from National Central University (国立中央大学) to Nanjing University (南京大学).
  2. ^ Jiang Qian was appointed as the president of Nanking Higher Normal School in July 1914, to establish the school in the campus of the closed Liangjiang Higher Normal School, and the charger of keeping of Liangjiang Higher Normal School became a member of the preparatory committee of Nanking Higher Normal School. Nanking Higher Normal School opened in September 1915.
  3. ^ The university's commerce college became National Shanghai Commerce College and then Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, and medical college became National Shanghai Medical College and then Shanghai Medical University which later merged with Fudan University.
  4. ^ China Association of Scientific Workers was initiated by China Science Society along with Chinese Association of Natural Science and other specialized associations including Chinese Agricultural Association and China Engineering Society in 1944 in the Republic of China. China Association of Scientific Workers, together with corresponding associations of other states including British Association of Scientific Workers, founded World Federation of Scientific Workers in London in 1946 after World War II.
  5. ^ The split schools and departments of Nanjing University formed independent schools in 1952 include today's Nanjing Normal University, Southeast University, Hohai University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Forestry University, etc., and the schools share the source and were independently established after that time include the Fourth Military Medical University, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Technology, Jiangsu University, Jiangnan University, Changzhou University, etc.

References

  1. ^ Jiang Shusheng. [Honest and majestic, encouraging learning - a century of tradition and the school motto of NTU] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on June 30, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  2. ^ . Nanjing University. Archived from the original on 2014-06-29. Retrieved 2021-01-04.
  3. ^ (in Simplified Chinese). Official NJU site. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
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  61. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-07-23. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
  62. ^ NU people of first-time (in 1948, and also the only time in mainland China) elected academicians of Academia Sinica in natural science: Wu Youxun, Ye Qisun, Zhao Zhongyao, Yan Jici, Wu Xuezhou, Zhuang Changgong, Zeng Zhaolun, Zhu Jiahua, Li Siguang, Huang Jiqing, Xie Jiarong, Zhu Kezhen, Zhou Ren, Mao Yisheng, Wang Jiayi, Wu Xianwen, Bing Zhi, Chen Zhen, Tong Dizhou, Hu Xiansu, Zhang Jingyue, Qian Chongpeng, Dai Fanglan, Luo Zongluo, Wu Dingliang, Cai Qiao, Li Xianwen, Deng Shuqun.

External links

  • Nanjing University (in Chinese)
  • General Alumni Association of Nanjing University (in Chinese)
  • Nanjing University Alumni Association - US
  • Official English Website

32°03′22″N 118°46′30″E / 32.05611°N 118.77500°E / 32.05611; 118.77500

nanjing, university, private, university, sponsored, american, churches, university, nanking, defunct, 1952, chinese, 南京大学, national, public, research, university, nanjing, jiangsu, china, member, prestigious, league, double, first, class, university, main, ca. For the private university sponsored by American churches see University of Nanking defunct in 1952 Nanjing University NJU Chinese 南京大学 is a national public research university in Nanjing Jiangsu China It is a member of the prestigious C9 League and the Double First Class University 6 NJU has two main campuses the Xianlin campus in the northeast of Nanjing and the Gulou campus in the city center of Nanjing Nanjing University南京大学 Chinese logo in EnglishFormer nameSanjiang or Liangjiang Normal College 1902 1914 Nanking Higher Normal School 1915 1923 National Southeastern University 1921 1927 National Central University 1928 1949 Motto诚朴雄伟励学敦行 1 Motto in EnglishSincerity with Aspiration Perseverance and Integrity 2 TypePublicEstablished1902 121 years ago 1902 Note 1 PresidentLu JianAcademic staff2 135Undergraduates13 865Postgraduates12 793LocationNanjing Jiangsu ChinaColors PurpleAffiliationsC9 APRU AEARU WUN Service Learning Asia NetworkWebsitewww nju edu cnChinese nameSimplified Chinese南京大学Traditional Chinese南京大學TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinNanjing Daxue 3 4 5 Established in 1902 as Sanjiang Normal School Nanjing University underwent a number of name changes such as Nanjing Higher Normal School National Southeastern University and National Central University until it was renamed Nanjing University in 1950 It merged with the University of Nanking in 1952 7 NJU is perennially ranked one of the best research universities in China 8 9 and one of the most selective universities in the nation 10 As of 2023 Nanjing University ranked 7th in China and 95th globally by Times Higher Education World University Rankings 11 The university ranks 94th in the world by the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities 12 Regarding scientific research output the Nature Index Annual Table 2023 ranked Nanjing University the No 3 university in China and the Asia Pacific region and 5th in the world among global universities after Harvard UCAS Stanford and USTC 13 Contents 1 History 1 1 Late Qing and Republic of China 1 2 People s Republic of China 1 3 After the Reform and new development 2 Faculties 2 1 Schools and departments 3 Campus 4 Culture 4 1 Motto 4 2 Song 4 3 Anniversary 5 Rankings and reputation 5 1 Global rankings 5 2 Domestic rankings 6 Admissions 6 1 Selectivity 6 2 Overseas students 7 Academics 7 1 Chinese language and literature 7 2 Western literature 8 Other university affiliated institutions 8 1 Herbarium 9 Notable alumni and people 9 1 Alumni and students 9 2 University faculty and people 10 In literature 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External linksHistory EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Late Qing and Republic of China Edit Paifang of Tao is Universal Through All Times 道貫古今 at the former campus site Chaotian PalaceIn 1902 Sanjiang Normal College 三江師範學堂 under the new educational system using Japanese modern higher institutions of learning as references was beginning to be established to replace the traditional Chinese school Nanking Academy and was opened in the next year with campus constructed south to Qintian Mountain The name was changed to Liangjiang Normal College 兩江師範學堂 in 1906 and the new president Li Ruiqing 李瑞清 established the first faculty of modern art in China In 1915 after the Republic of China replaced Qing dynasty the Nanking Higher Normal School 南京高等師範學校 was founded to replace Liangjiang Higher Normal School which was closed three years before due to Xinhai Revolution Jiang Qian was appointed as the president Note 2 The school established the China s first faculty of modern gymnastics physical education in 1916 In 1920 the school consisted of five colleges Liberal Arts Agriculture Engineering Commerce and Education The China Science Society a major science organization in the modern history of China founded its headquarter in the school in 1918 Its members established Academia Sinica which was later moved to Taiwan and known as the Chinese Academy of Sciences in mainland China Numerous Chinese modern science pioneers most of whom studied in America and some European countries such as Britain France and Germany converged there to found many fields of science in China It became the Chinese cradle of modern science Among 81 academicians of Academia Sinica elected for the first time in 1948 five entered or graduated from the university in 1920 More than half of the leading Chinese scientists whose works were published in scientific journals in the early period of Chinese modern science were graduates or academics of Nanjing University Guo Bingwen an influential university president was appointed in 1919 after Jiang Qian The school meeting passed The Audit Law for Women Students 規定女子旁聽法案 on December 7 1919 as result of efforts of the educationist Tao Xingzhi as well as the president Guo Bingwen and the professors including Liu Boming Lu Zhiwei Yang Xingfo etc and then decided to formally recruit female students The school became the first higher learning institution in China to recruit coeducational students It enrolled eight women students in the first year 1920 and in addition more than 50 female auditing students were admitted In 1921 the National Southeastern University 國立東南大學 was founded and in 1923 Nanking Higher Normal School was merged into it In the autumn of 1921 the Faculty of Business established in 1917 was moved to Shanghai to establish the first business school conferring degrees in China The university consisted of five colleges or schools at the time Liberal Arts including departments of Chinese literature foreign literature history philosophy psychology mathematics physics chemistry biology geoscience and the Department of Politics Law and Economics Education Agriculture Engineering and Commerce or Business including departments of general commerce business administration accounting finance economics international trade etc and soon later the College of Liberal Arts was divided to be College of Humanities and College of Sciences The earliest modern scientific research laboratories and groups in China were established at the university It integrated teaching and research with status of university s independence and academic freedom and was regarded as the earliest Chinese modern university The university along with its affiliated primary school and middle school served as a pioneer and model which laid the foundations for the establishment of modern educational system 壬戌學制 1922 in China and in addition its experimental kindergarten Gulou Kindergarten founded in 1923 was later also adopted as the model for Chinese kindergartens Kindergarten Courses Standards by Ministration of Education 1932 including its teaching system teaching materials teaching methods and teaching tools In October 1921 Xueheng Society 學衡社 was founded in the university which was the focus of the Xueheng School included the scholars Liu Yizheng Liu Boming Mei Guangdi zh Wu Mi and Hu Xiansu They reinvigorated Confucian culture and humanism and published the monthly Critical Review in January 1922 It enabled Nanjing University to become a center of Confucian thought and humanistic scholarship During this period Nanjing University was known as the foremost Oriental Education Centre and recognized as an academic and cultural exchange centre for east and west Many scholars visited and instructed there including the American educationist Paul Monroe W H Kilpatrick E L Thorndike philosopher John Dewey British philosopher Bertrand Russell German philosopher Hans Driesch and the Indian also Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore The university became the capital national university after Nanking was made the capital by Nationalist Government initially renamed National Dyisyi Chungshan University or called National Nanking Chungshan University in June 1927 when National Southeastern University merged eight public schools in Jiangsu province and was renamed Jiangsu University in February 1928 and in May 1928 it was renamed National Central University 國立中央大學 14 At the time there were eight colleges or schools Humanity Social Science Natural Science Engineering Education Commerce Agriculture and Medicine The College of Commerce moved to Shanghai in 1921 and College of Medicine established in Shanghai in 1927 were split from the university in 1932 Note 3 In 1935 College of Medicine was again established in Nanjing During the Anti Japanese War between 1937 and 1945 the university moved to Chongqing while the College of Medicine and Department of Animal Husbandry amp Veterinary Medicine of College of Agriculture moved to Chengdu The Chinese Association of Natural Science 中華自然科學社 was originated at the university in 1927 and adopted the name next year which was the second largest scientific organization in China in 1949 after China Science Society China Association of Scientific Workers 中國科學工作者協會 was founded in the university in 1944 Note 4 China Science Society and the associations were merged to be the China Association for Science and Technology in 1958 in Beijing The Natural Science Forum was initiated by the university faculties in 1939 which was later renamed Jiusan Forum Sept 3rd Forum and became Jiusan Society in 1945 an organization for intellectual groups in China In the united college entrance examinations beginning in 1937 about two thirds of students put the university as the first choice It became the first Chinese university to enroll a blind student enrolling Luo Fuxin 羅福鑫 in 1942 People s Republic of China Edit In 1949 during the late time of Chinese Civil War the central government of the Republic of China retreated from Nanking and the National Central University was renamed National Nanking University 國立南京大學 after Nanking was controlled by CPC army before the establishment of People s Republic of China In 1952 many colleges and departments mainly colleges of education or teacher normal including art and physical education departments engineering agriculture and medicine were split from Nanjing University and many new independent schools were formed including Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Institute of Technology which was located at former Nanjing University site and later renamed Southeast University etc Note 5 At the same time University of Nanking a private university established in 1888 and sponsored by American churches was merged into Nanjing University 南京大學 which lost its national appellation in 1950 to reflect the reality that all universities in the PRC would be public and Nanjing University moved campus to the site of University of Nanking where was west to Gulou Mountain and was also once the site of imperial Nanjing University in ancient times A separate National Central University was reinstated in Taiwan by its old alumni association in 1962 Nanjing University Student Activities Center Xianlin CampusDuring the period of communist society including the period of Proletarian Cultural Revolution the school suffered heavily In 1976 Nanjing University faculty members and students launched Anti Cultural Revolution Force Movement which was called Nanjing Incident by the authorities of the time spreading countrywide In 1978 Hu Fuming a faculty member of Nanjing University in philosophy wrote the historic article entitled Practice is the Sole Criterion for Testing Truth and after being published it led to the nationwide Debate on Standards for Judging the Truth and thus in certain degree liberated thought and promoted the ending of Cultural Revolution and the coming of reform era After the Reform and new development Edit Many faculties have been reestablished or newly founded since the Reform after 1978 e g law reestablished in 1981 medical school in 1987 environmental department newly founded in 1984 Some departments were divided into two or more departments e g the Chinese language and literature department divided into departments of language amp linguistics literature philology and drama arts or some new faculties came out of older faculties e g computer came out of mathematics urban planning came out of geography in many case formed integratively i e formed based on parts of two or more faculties e g parts of faculties of physics and chemistry integratively formed material faculty In around 1990 the university consisted of schools colleges of Humanities Sciences Technological Sciences Medicine Business etc Then many departments became schools e g mathematics physics chemistry or grouped into new schools e g architecture and urban planning The size of university significantly expanded during the years In 2009 Xianlin Campus opened to undergraduates replacing Pukou Campus which was in use since 1993 and Pukou Campus became the campus of NJU Jinling College an independent private college directed by NJU The Xianlin campus now is a main campus along with Gulou campus Faculties Edit Old Great Hall 大禮堂 More than 1500 years ago ancient University of Nanjing founded the earliest faculties of literature history etc In modern times Nanjing University established Chinese first faculties of art gymnastics biology psychology business management etc Its faculties departments and schools have been changed and evolved timely For example in 1921 the university consisted of 5 schools liberal arts education agriculture engineering and business in 1928 the school of liberal arts had become three schools and the university consisted of 8 schools humanities social sciences natural sciences education agriculture engineering business and medicine and now many former departments of humanities natural sciences and social sciences have become schools The system of academic degree or diploma has also been changed In the early years of ROC the university adopted the system similar to western especially American universities and began to award bachelor s degree The university founded China s first modern laboratories in physics chemistry etc In 1922 the university professors founded The Biology Research Institute of Science Society of China the first modern scientific research institute in China integrated with the university s biology department With the aid of Rockefeller Foundation Science Centre was constructed in 1924 and completed three years later In 1926 the university passed The General Regulation of Graduate Institute China s first doctor s degree was awarded by the school of medicine of the university in 1931 Soon the educational system was changed In the early 1980s after a period of transformation universities in mainland China resumed to award doctor s degrees and graduate and undergraduate education were integrated into departments and schools Nanjing University is the first in mainland China to award doctor s degrees in such fields as Chinese studies world history computer science It is distinguished in many fields including Chinese Language and Literature 15 16 and natural sciences 17 Its faculty including part time faculty includes more than twenty Nobel Laureates engaged in teaching 18 The university is a Double First Class University Plan university in 15 academic disciplines 19 Schools and departments Edit Main Entrance of the Gulou Campus Nanjing UniversityCurrent schools and departments School of Liberal Arts School of Literature or College of Literature Chinese Language and Linguistics Literature Philology Drama Arts School of History Chinese History World History Archaeology Department of Philosophy Religion School of Foreign Studies English Russian Japanese French German Spanish Korean International Business School of Government Politics Government Administration Labor Personnel and Social Security Diplomacy and International Affairs School of Law School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Sociology Social Work and Social Policy Psychology Anthropology institute School of Business NUBS School of Management Business Administration Human Resource Accounting Marketing amp Electronic Commerce School of Economics Economics Industrial Economics International Economics amp Trading Finance Department of Information Management School of Journalism and Communication Department of Mathematics School of Physics Physics Modern Physics Photoelectricity Science Acoustic Science and Engineering School of Astronomy and Space Science Astronomy Space Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chemistry Chemical Engineering Polymer School of Geoscience School of Atmosphere Science Meteorology Atmosphere Physics School of Earth Science and Engineering Earth Science Water Science Geology Engineering and Information Technology School of Geography and Ocean Science Natural Geography Land Resources and Tourism Earth Information Science Coast and Ocean Science School of Life Sciences Biology Biochemistry School of Medicine Clinical Medicine Dentistry Basic Medical Science Laboratory Medicine Public Health and Medicine institute School of Environment School of Architecture and Planning Architecture Urban Planning and Design School of Electronics Science and Engineering Electronic Engineering Micro electronics and Optoelectronics Informational Electronics Communication Engineering Department of Computer Science and Technology Software Institute College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Materials Energy Quantum Electronics and Optical Engineering Biomedical Engineering Overlooking Xianlin campus from a nearby metro stationInstitute of Education Graduate School of Education Institute for Gymnastics Institute of Arts Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Science School for Basic Sciences Education International School School for Overseas Students Education Jinling College First class applied college Johns Hopkins University Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies Hopkins Nanjing Center Other research and education institutes in areas such as African Studies Judaic Studies Agriculture Engineering Management etc Campus EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Gulou campus in autumnNanjing University has four main campuses Gulou Xianlin Pukou and Suzhou campus The distance between Gulou and Xianlin campus is about 18 kilometers Gulou Campus is located in Gulou District at the center of Nanjing City The main campus itself is divided into two sections by Hankou Road North Garden Bei Yuan is where teaching and research take place and South Garden Nan Yuan serves as the living area for both students and academic staff Pukou Campus is situated in the suburban Pukou District by the northern side of Nanjing New amp High Tech Industry Development Zone and became part of Nanjing University in 1993 Once Pukou campus hosted undergraduate freshmen sophomore and junior students In 2009 the Pukou campus became the campus hosted the undergraduate students in Nanjing University Jinling College which was founded by Nanjing University in 1998 Nanjing University Biomedical Research Institute is also located in Pukou Xianlin Campus is located in the northeast of Nanjing in the Xianlin Universities Town south of Yangtse River and Qixia Mountain east of Purple Mountain and west of Baohua Mountain The campus is home to undergraduate students and parts of graduate students It was opened in September 2009 There is the stop of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus on Line 2 of Nanjing Subway which enables Xianlin and Gulou campus to be connected through subway In Gulou campus there are several museums including Nanjing University Museum Museum of Art and Archaeology Museum of Earth Science There is Sun Yat sen House It s said that Sun Yat sen the first president provisional president of the Republic of China lived there There are also Pearl Buck House John Rabe House etc Gulou campus is now becoming mainly for professional graduate campus The location of Nanjing University has changed for several times with historical campuses mainly in Fuzimiao on the bank of Qinhuai River Gulou Chaotiangong and Sipailou south of Qintian Mountain areas In addition during Anti Japanese War its main campus moved to Shapingba Chungking with two auxiliary campuses one in Bohsi Chungking and one in Hwahsiba Chengdu in some sense combined with Chongqing University and Western China University now medical school of Sichuan University respectively It also deserves to mention that before the war with the rapid development of the university a new campus planned to cover an area of 8000 mu about 5 3 km2 or 2 0 sq mi south to Niushou Mountain in the southern suburb area of Nanjing had been built for near a year After the war it moved back to Nanjing making former campus Sipailou as main campus and the new campus Dingjiaqiao was built for agriculture and medical schools Nanjing University relocated in Gulou six years after moving back and then near sixty years later Xianlin campus emerged Today s Nanjing University Gulou campus is the location of Imperial University of Nanjing during Former Song dynasty in more than 1500 years ago when it was in the west of the city and now it s in the centre of the city Culture EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Motto Edit Officially translated into English as Sincerity with Aspiration Perseverance and Integrity Another version is Be Honest and Intelligent Study Hard and Act Sincerely simplified Chinese 诚朴雄伟 励学敦行 traditional Chinese 誠樸雄偉 勵學敦行 pinyin cheng pǔ xiong wei li xue dun xing The first half of this motto was the motto during the National Central University time and the last half was quoted from the classic literature work Book of Rites It was voted to be the motto by university students in 2002 and the then university president supported it and wrote an article to interpret it 20 The translation does not fully express the meaning of the Chinese words of the motto Motto counterparts between Chinese and English literally Cheng 诚 Sincerity Honesty Integrity Pu 樸 Simplicity Austerity naturally being oneself Xiong 雄 Sturdiness Majesty being vigorous and keeping ideal and ambition being firm and persistent with fortitude Wei 偉 Greatness having great ideal and ambition with great mind comprehending containing and improving world Li Xue 勵學 Endeavor to Learn Dun Xing 敦行 Urge to Act Act Sincerely The term Dun Xing comes from the context in Book of Rites Having broad knowledge and strong learning ability and being modest acting in sincerity and benignity and not slack that is a gentleman gentleperson 博聞強識而讓 敦善行而不怠 謂之君子 Song Edit The university song recovered in 2002 was created in 1916 It is the first school song in the modern history of Nanjing University with the lyrics written by Jiang Qian and melody composed by Li Shutong 李叔同 21 Anniversary Edit The present school anniversary is on May 20 every year which was set by the school authority in 1954 in some sense due to some ideological reasons of the time with the starting year being 1902 when relaunching the school as a modern higher learning institution and the day May 20 in memory of the movement of anti hunger and anti war initiated by the university in that day of 1947 In recent years the date May 20 has another new meaning in Chinese Nanjing pronunciation 5 20 sounds like I Love You Wu Ai Ni It shows students love for their Alma Mater Rankings and reputation EditUniversity rankingsGlobal OverallARWU World 22 94 2023 QS World 23 124 2021 THE World 24 95 2023 THE Reputation 25 91 2021 USNWR Global 26 123 2023 Regional OverallQS BRICS 27 9 2019 THE Asia 28 17 2021 THE Emerging Economies 29 8 2022 USNWR Asia 30 19 2023 National OverallBCUR National 31 5 2021 THE National 32 7 2022 USNWR National 33 9 2023 Global rankings Edit As of 2022 Nanjing University ranked 7th in China and 95th globally by Times Higher Education World University Rankings 11 As of 2023 it ranks 94th globally by the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities 12 Nanjing University consistently features in the top 150 international universities as ranked by the Academic Ranking of World Universities the QS World University Rankings the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the U S News amp World Report 34 35 36 37 Regarding scientific research output the Nature Index Annual Table 2022 ranked Nanjing University the 5th university in China and the Asia Pacific region and 8th in the world among global universities 13 Nanjing University is consistently ranked among the top universities in Asia according to several major international university rankings 38 39 The joint THE QS World University Rankings 2007 ranked Nanjing University 4th in China after Peking Tsinghua and Fudan 17th in Asia and 125th in the world 40 The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011 placed Nanjing 120th in the world 16th in Asia and 4th in China 41 In 2017 Nanjing University was ranked 91 100 for World Reputation Ranking by Times Higher Education 42 and 114 by QS World University Rankings 43 In 2017 its Graduate Employability rankings placed at 101 globally in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 44 Nanjing University has been consistently ranked among the top 20 universities in the world by Nature Index since 2016 by Nature Portfolio 45 46 47 48 49 50 Domestic rankings Edit Nanjing University is generally considered one of the most competitive university in China 51 The first time integrative ranking of universities in China in 1989 ranked Nanjing as the No 1 comprehensive university 52 Reviewing rankings domestically according to university rankings in China Nanjing University was generally ranked among the top 3 universities before the university merger tide occurred in the several years about after 2000 and then ranking down even falling to No 7 Chinese university ranking by Chinese Academy of Management Science since 1995 ranked Nanjing University between 1st and 3rd before 2000 and since then between 3rd and 6th 53 54 Chinese university ranking since 1999 by the higher education publisher Netbig consistently ranked the university among the top 3 before 2005 and in the most recent ranking among the top 5 54 Academic Ranking of World Universities since 2003 by Shanghai Jiaotong University suggested a domestic rank of number 2 to number 7 55 54 Admissions EditSelectivity Edit Known for its stringent admission criteria Nanjing University was reported in 2021 by one source to be the fourth most selective university the university that is the hardest to get in in mainland China 56 Overseas students Edit In 2012 667 new students from abroad attended Nanking University among them about 20 from USA 22 from Britain France Germany and Italy and the rest from other countries In 2013 Nanda recruited 761 overseas students from 61 countries In 2014 there were about 3600 overseas students about 40 from Asia 40 from Europe and North America and 20 from other regions citation needed Academics Edit The northwestern corner of Nanjing University s Gulou campus houses most of the university s foreign students Center for Chinese and American Studies front left Zeng Xianzi building back center Xiyuan right Chinese language and literature Edit Nanjing University has a long history in the field of Chinese language and literature The School of Literature founded by Hsieh Yuan in the 15th year of Yuanjia reign CE 438 was the oldest literature school in ancient China In modern times it was the first in mainland China to have granted a doctoral degree in Chinese Language and Literature In addition Nanjing University is in close cooperation with the United Nations to offer a Chinese language programme 57 58 Widely recognized as one of the most eminently prestigious Schools of Chinese in the world it was ranked with Peking University as Joint No 1 in Chinese Language and Literature 15 Peking University and Nanjing University are widely recognized in the academic community as the two top universities in the field of Chinese Language and Literature in the world with both consistently taking the two top places in rankings on the subject Nanjing University had produced modern China s first PhD in Chinese Language and Literature Dr Mo Lifeng 莫砺锋 59 who is still serving as its Professor of Chinese citation needed Western literature Edit Nanjing University established the first department of Western literature among Chinese universities in 1921 Two years later the department was merged with English department and other faculties including French and German and renamed department of foreign languages and literature later known as school of foreign studies China Association for the Study of American Literature CASAL is located in the school citation needed Other university affiliated institutions EditHerbarium Edit Nanjing University Herbarium N was founded in the 4th year of ROC although there were herbarium specimens in the school before It s the first modern herbarium in China It is located in the Tianjiabing Building citation needed Notable alumni and people EditFor a more comprehensive list see List of Nanjing University people Alumni and students Edit Among the winners of the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars from 1994 to 2008 108 are graduates of Nanda ranking No 1 96 are of Beida 76 are of University of Science and Technology of China and 64 are of Tsinghua University which is listed in top 4 Among 78 winners of Prizes for Young Scientists of China since 1992 5 are Nanda graduates both Beida and Tsinghua graduates are 4 consisting of top 3 rankings A statistic in 2006 indicated that among about 120 directors or presidents of institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences 15 are graduates of Nanjing University ranking No 1 while the number of the university Peking University ranking No 2 is 10 and a recent statistic in 2010 shows that 14 holds bachelor s from Nanda which is the double of the number of the university Beida which ranks No 2 citation needed Among 25 winners of National Preeminent Science and Technology Award since 2000 4 are graduates of Nanjing University Liu Dongsheng 劉東生 Min Enze 閔恩澤 Wu Liangyong 吳良鏞 Zhang Cunhao 張存浩 ranking top 3 along with Tsinghua University and Peking University and besides the winner Cheng Kaijia 程開甲 is a faculty member of Nanjing University and Yuan Longping 袁隆平 is a graduate of the then middle school affiliated to Nanjing University now the High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University Nanjing University ranks No 1 in the number of alumni elected as academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and or Chinese Academy of Engineering graduated in recent more than 30 years since college admission entrance examination system was recovered in 1977 after Cultural Revolution 60 In the first time Examination for senior civil service post of Republic of China as recovery of and equivalent to Imperial examination in 1931 top 100 were selected all were males among them 25 are graduates of Nanjing University including Zhuangyuan principal graduate Chow Bangdao who was later president of China Medical College and Political Deputy Ministry of Examination ROC and the school in the second place is Peking University with 8 graduates In the second time exam held in 1933 there were females passed half of whom graduated from Nanjing University as well as Zhuangyuan Lee Hsuehteng who graduated from law school and later became Chief Justice of ROC Supreme Court One fourth of Chief Justices in the early 60 more years of Republic of China are National Central University Nanjing University alumni 61 In sciences there are 877 leading scientists with major contributions to modern sciences in China as listed in an article on history of Chinese modern sciences by Li Peishan published on CAS journal and among them 115 are graduates of Nanjing University during Republic of China in the mainland period 1912 49 ranking No 1 University faculty and people Edit Among 30 First Class Prizes of National Natural Science Awards since 1956 which is the highest level prize in natural science in China 6 major winners sole or first listed winner studied at Nanjing University Feng Kang Liu Dongsheng Wang Debao 王德寶 Qin Renchang Hou Xianguang 侯先光 Min Naiben in addition another 2 were faculty members Li Siguang Qian Chongshu 錢崇澍 and Nanda people are in the list of winners of about half of the prizes In recent years after the reform since 1978 Nanjing University is in third place in the number of academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and or Chinese Academy of Engineering among faculty members behind Peking University and Tsinghua University Among 1107 members of Chinese Academy of Sciences elected till 2007 210 are Nanjing University people All four founding scientific leaders president or vice president in natural science of Chinese Academy of Sciences once taught or studied at Nanjing University Zhu Kezhen faculty member Wu Youxun graduate Yan Jici graduate Tong Dizhou faculty member Of 53 first time elected academicians of Academia Sinica in natural science including mathematics 28 were graduates or once faculty members of Nanjing University 62 In literature EditNanjing University in literature media and various related works Liao Fan s Four Lessons a book film drama serials The book is written by Yuan LiaoFan a graduate of Imperial University of Nanking in Ming dynasty Chiang Kai Shek s Face 蔣公的面子 a story about three professors and president Chiang Kai Shek president of Republic of China and also president of National Central University See also EditGuozijian National Central UniversityNotes Edit According to The History Evolution of National Central University R O C 26 1937 CE 國立中央大學沿革史 中華民國二十六年 it was founded in the winter of the first year of Yong an reign 258 CE during the era of Three Kingdoms Since it was founded in CE 258 it had evolved and adopted different names in each dynasty or period in ancient China It became a modern institution of higher learning in 1902 during Qing dynasty Liangjiang Higher Normal School was closed in 1911 when the Qing dynasty was overthrown In 1915 after the Republic of China was founded Nanking Higher Normal School was established to replace the Liangjing Normal School In 1949 when the Republic of China was replaced by the People s Republic of China in mainland its name was changed from National Central University 国立中央大学 to Nanjing University 南京大学 Jiang Qian was appointed as the president of Nanking Higher Normal School in July 1914 to establish the school in the campus of the closed Liangjiang Higher Normal School and the charger of keeping of Liangjiang Higher Normal School became a member of the preparatory committee of Nanking Higher Normal School Nanking Higher Normal School opened in September 1915 The university s commerce college became National Shanghai Commerce College and then Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and medical college became National Shanghai Medical College and then Shanghai Medical University which later merged with Fudan University China Association of Scientific Workers was initiated by China Science Society along with Chinese Association of Natural Science and other specialized associations including Chinese Agricultural Association and China Engineering Society in 1944 in the Republic of China China Association of Scientific Workers together with corresponding associations of other states including British Association of Scientific Workers founded World Federation of Scientific Workers in London in 1946 after World War II The split schools and departments of Nanjing University formed independent schools in 1952 include today s Nanjing Normal University Southeast University Hohai University Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Forestry University etc and the schools share the source and were independently established after that time include the Fourth Military Medical University Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing University of Technology Jiangsu University Jiangnan University Changzhou University etc References Edit Jiang Shusheng 诚朴雄伟 励学敦行 百年传统与南大校训 Honest and majestic encouraging learning a century of tradition and the school motto of NTU in Chinese Archived from the original on June 30 2014 Retrieved January 4 2021 President s Message Nanjing University Archived from the original on 2014 06 29 Retrieved 2021 01 04 现任领导 in Simplified Chinese Official NJU site Archived from the original on 2012 06 28 Retrieved 2012 07 26 南京大学校长办公室 2011 04 19 intro NJU in Simplified Chinese 南京大学校长办公室官方网站 Retrieved 2012 07 26 permanent dead link 南京大学校长办公室 2011 11 04 南京大学视觉形象规范化标准 in Simplified Chinese 南京大学校长办公室官方网站 Retrieved 2012 07 26 permanent dead link 教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布世界一流大学和一流学科建设高校及建设 学科名单的通知 Notice of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission on the announcement of the list of world class universities and first class discipline construction universities and disciplines in Chinese Ministry of Education of the People s Republic of China Retrieved January 4 2021 NJU at A Glance Nanjing University Best universities in China 2018 Times Higher Education 6 September 2017 Archived from the original on January 8 2018 Retrieved 2021 01 04 China s Ivy League C9 League en people cn Nanjing University Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018 Shanghai Ranking 2018 www shanghairanking com Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2016 06 08 a b World University Rankings Times Higher Education THE 2022 10 04 Retrieved 2022 10 13 a b ShanghaiRanking s Academic Ranking of World Universities www shanghairanking com Retrieved 2023 08 15 a b 2023 tables Institutions 2023 tables Institutions Nature Index The university was called the capital national university after Nanking was made the capital city again in 1927 and in the June National Southeastern University merged eight public schools in Jiangsu province the national Hohai Technology University and Shanghai Commerce University and the provincial Jiangsu Law and Politics University Jiangsu Medical University Nanking Agricultural School Nanking Technical Specialized School Soochow Technical Specialized School and Shanghai Commercial Specialized School and was renamed National Dyisyi Chungshan University Disi Zhongshan University the Fourth Chungshan University or the Fourth Zhongshan University Dyisyi or Disi meaning the fourth indicates that the city was the fourth major city captured by the Northern Expeditionary Army and with a national university under Nationalist Government Chungshan of the time or Zhongshan as the spelling now in mainland China is another name of Sun Yat sen which was also called National Nanking Chungshan University or Nanjing Zhongshan University due to its location The students movement against the renaming broke out after it was renamed Jiangsu University by the government in February 1928 and the students requested that the school be renamed National Nanking University Then there emerged the proposal by Woo Chih hui who was soon later selected as the university president and did not take up the post and was appointed the first president of Academia Sinica to rename National Capital University and the proposal by Ma Yinbing who was at the time responsible for Nanking municipal construction to rename National Central University which gained wide support and was accepted by the university students And in May 1928 the school was renamed National Central University National Chungyang University or Zhongyang University Kuoli Chungyang Tahsueh 國立中央大學 a b 南京大学 中文系的排名和北大并列第一 搜狐教育 learning sohu com 2016中国721所大学各学科排行榜 教育 人民网 edu people com cn 2017 tables Institutions academic 2017 tables Institutions academic Nature Index www natureindex com Archived from the original on 2017 09 08 Retrieved 2017 09 22 南京大学 20多位诺奖获得者为本科生上课 xw qq com Archived from the original on 2017 09 23 Retrieved 2017 09 23 喜讯 南京大学入选 双一流 建设高校 15个学科入选建设学科 www sohu com 2017 09 21 Retrieved 2018 03 28 School motto Archived from the original on 2014 06 30 School song of Nanjing University Archived 2014 06 30 at the Wayback Machine ARWU World University Rankings 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2023 Top 1000 universities Shanghai Ranking 2023 Shanghairanking com Retrieved 15 August 2023 QS World University Rankings 2021 17 September 2020 World University Rankings 17 September 2020 THE Reputation World University Rankings 2021 October 27 2021 Retrieved 27 October 2021 US News World University Rankings 2023 Retrieved 31 October 2022 QS University Rankings BRICS 2019 Top Universities THE Asia University Rankings 2021 18 May 2021 Retrieved 5 June 2021 THE Emerging University Rankings 2022 20 October 2021 Retrieved 21 October 2021 US News Asia University Rankings 2023 Retrieved 31 October 2022 Overall Ranking Best Chinese Universities Rankings 2021 www shanghairanking com World University Rankings 25 August 2020 US News Best Global Universities in China Ranking 2023 Retrieved 31 October 2022 Nanjing University Times Higher Education THE 19 October 2021 ARWU World University Rankings 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 Top 1000 universities Shanghai Ranking 2020 www shanghairanking com Archived from the original on 2018 08 16 Retrieved 2021 02 27 Best Global Universities Rankings Nanjing University U S News amp World Report Nanjing University www topuniversities com Retrieved 2021 02 27 QS Asia World University Rankings Top Universities Retrieved 2022 02 02 Asia University Rankings Times Higher Education THE 2021 05 18 Retrieved 2022 02 02 Times Higher Education WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS 2007 www timeshighereducation co uk November 9 2007 Archived from the original on 2008 05 09 World University Rankings 2011 Times Higher Education THE 13 April 2015 Retrieved 2022 02 02 World Reputation Rankings Times Higher Education THE 2017 06 05 Retrieved 2022 04 01 Nanjing University 16 July 2015 Graduate Employability Rankings 2017 Top Universities Archived from the original on 2 October 2017 2016 tables Institutions academic Annual tables Nature Index www nature com Retrieved 2022 08 21 2017 tables Institutions academic Annual tables Nature Index www nature com Retrieved 2022 08 21 2018 tables Institutions academic Annual tables Nature Index www nature com Retrieved 2022 08 21 2019 tables Institutions academic Annual tables Nature Index www nature com Retrieved 2022 08 21 2020 tables Institutions academic Annual tables Nature Index www nature com Retrieved 2022 08 21 2021 tables Institutions academic Annual tables Nature Index www nature com Retrieved 2022 08 21 China University Ranking China Education Center www chinaeducenter com Retrieved 2022 02 02 中国第1个综合大学排行榜 清华南大分列榜首 高考网 www gaokao com Chinese university ranking Chinese Academy of Management Science a b c 盘点1987 2005中国大学排行榜 Archived from the original on 21 May 2013 Retrieved 3 July 2015 Shanghai Jiaotong University Academic Ranking of World Universities 2011 Results Archived from the original on 2011 08 24 Retrieved 2011 12 17 中国最难考的十所大学排名 中国最难考的大学排行榜 Sohu United Nations Chinese Programme Say yes to learning Chinese the most difficult language in the world 第一个文学博士莫砺锋 遇到名师是缘分 js ifeng com Nanjing University providing best Chinese undergraduate education June 28th 2010 China Education Newspaper 中大校訊 Archived from the original on 2012 07 23 Retrieved 2015 08 14 NU people of first time in 1948 and also the only time in mainland China elected academicians of Academia Sinica in natural science Wu Youxun Ye Qisun Zhao Zhongyao Yan Jici Wu Xuezhou Zhuang Changgong Zeng Zhaolun Zhu Jiahua Li Siguang Huang Jiqing Xie Jiarong Zhu Kezhen Zhou Ren Mao Yisheng Wang Jiayi Wu Xianwen Bing Zhi Chen Zhen Tong Dizhou Hu Xiansu Zhang Jingyue Qian Chongpeng Dai Fanglan Luo Zongluo Wu Dingliang Cai Qiao Li Xianwen Deng Shuqun External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nanjing University Nanjing University in Chinese General Alumni Association of Nanjing University in Chinese Nanjing University Alumni Association US Official English Website32 03 22 N 118 46 30 E 32 05611 N 118 77500 E 32 05611 118 77500 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Nanjing University amp oldid 1170470087, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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