The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952[1] but later published in 1958.[2] Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p.[3] Students attending The Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.[4]
Despite originally being a romanisation scheme to indicate pronunciations, some enthusiasts actually employ the Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language, elevating it from its assistive status to a written language in effect.
Only the finals m and ng can be used as standalone nasal syllables.
Tones
Graphical representation of the tones of six-tone Cantonese.
Modern Cantonese has up to seven phonemic tones. Cantonese Yale represents these tones using a combination of diacritics and the letter h.[5][6] Traditional Chinese linguistics treats the tones in syllables ending with a stop consonant as separate "entering tones". Cantonese Yale follows modern linguistic conventions in treating these the same as the high-flat, mid-flat and low-flat tones, respectively.
^Ng Lam & Chik 2000: 515. "Appendix 3: Tones. The student of Cantonese will be well aware of the importance of tones in conveying meaning. Basically, there are seven tones which, in the Yale system, are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for ..."
^Gwaan 2000: 7. "Basically, there are seven tones which, in the Yale system, are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for the three low tones. The following chart will illustrate the seven tones: 3 Mid Level, 1 High Level, 5 Low Falling, 6 Low Level..."
Matthews, Stephen & Yip, Virginia (1994). Cantonese. A Comprehensive Grammar. Routledge. ISBN0-415-08945-X.
Ng Lam, Sim-yuk & Chik, Hon-man (2000). Chinese-English Dictionary 漢英小字典: Cantonese in Yale Romanization, Mandarin in Pinyin. Chinese University Press. ISBN962-201-922-6.
External links
Comparison chart of Romanization for Cantonese with Yale, S. Lau, Guangdong, Toho and LSHK (uses Shift JIS encoding)
yale, romanization, cantonese, developed, gerard, parker, huang, textbook, speak, cantonese, initially, circulated, looseleaf, form, 1952, later, published, 1958, unlike, yale, romanization, mandarin, still, widely, used, books, dictionaries, especially, forei. The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Gerard P Kok for his and Parker Po fei Huang s textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 1 but later published in 1958 2 Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin it is still widely used in books and dictionaries especially for foreign learners of Cantonese It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds For example p is represented as b in Yale whereas its aspirated counterpart pʰ is represented as p 3 Students attending The Chinese University of Hong Kong s New Asia Yale in China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization 4 YaleTraditional Chinese耶魯Simplified Chinese耶鲁Cantonese YaleYeh louhTranscriptionsYue CantoneseYale RomanizationYeh louhJyutpingJe4lou5IPA jɛ ː lo u This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA For the distinction between and see IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters Despite originally being a romanisation scheme to indicate pronunciations some enthusiasts actually employ the Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language elevating it from its assistive status to a written language in effect Contents 1 Initials 2 Finals 3 Tones 4 Examples 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksInitials Editb p 巴 p pʰ 怕 m m 媽 f f 花d t 打 t tʰ 他 n n 那 l l 啦g k 家 k kʰ 卡 ng ŋ 牙 h h 蝦gw kʷ 瓜 kw kʷʰ 誇 w w 蛙j ts 渣 ch tsʰ 叉 s s 沙 y j 也Finals Edita aː 沙 aai aːi 晒 aau aːu 筲 aam aːm 三 aan aːn 山 aang aːŋ 省 aap aːp 圾 aat aːt 殺 aak aːk 客 ai ɐi 西 au ɐu 收 am ɐm 心 an ɐn 新 ang ɐŋ 生 ap ɐp 十 at ɐt 失 ak ɐk 塞e ɛː 些 ei ei 四 eng ɛːŋ 聲 ek ɛːk 石i iː 司 iu iːu 消 im iːm 閃 in iːn 先 ing ɪŋ 星 ip iːp 攝 it iːt 舌 ik ɪk 色o ɔː 蔬 oi ɔːy 鰓 ou ou 酥 on ɔːn 看 ong ɔːŋ 康 ot ɔːt 割 ok ɔːk 各u uː 夫 ui uːy 灰 un uːn 寬 ung ʊŋ 風 ut uːt 闊 uk ʊk 福eu œː 靴 eui ɵy 去 eun ɵn 信 eung œːŋ 上 eut ɵt 摔 euk œːk 削yu yː 書 yun yːn 孫 yut yːt 雪 m m 唔 ng ŋ 吳 Only the finals m and ng can be used as standalone nasal syllables Tones Edit Graphical representation of the tones of six tone Cantonese Modern Cantonese has up to seven phonemic tones Cantonese Yale represents these tones using a combination of diacritics and the letter h 5 6 Traditional Chinese linguistics treats the tones in syllables ending with a stop consonant as separate entering tones Cantonese Yale follows modern linguistic conventions in treating these the same as the high flat mid flat and low flat tones respectively No Description IPA amp Chao tone numbers Yale representation1 high flat 55 si sin sikhigh falling 52 si sin2 mid rising 25 si sin3 mid flat 33 si sin sik4 low falling 21 sih sihn5 low rising 23 sih sihn6 low flat 22 sih sihn sihkExamples EditTraditional Simplified Romanization廣州話 广州话 Gwongjauwa粵語 粤语 Yuhtyuh你好 Neih houSample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems by Meng Haoran 春曉 孟浩然 Cheun hiuMaahng Houh yihn春眠不覺曉 Cheun mihn bat gok hiu 處處聞啼鳥 chyu chyu mahn taih niuh 夜來風雨聲 yeh loih fung yuh sing 花落知多少 fa lohk ji dō siu See also EditCantonese phonology Jyutping Guangdong Romanization Cantonese Pinyin Sidney Lau romanisation S L Wong phonetic symbols Barnett Chao Romanisation Yale romanization of Mandarin Yale romanization of KoreanReferences Edit Huang Parker Po fei 1965 Cantonese Sounds and Tones New Haven CT Far Eastern Publications Yale University p Foreword The Routledge Encyclopedia of the Chinese Language p 40 Cantonese Omniglot Retrieved 2016 10 27 CUHK Teaching Materials Retrieved 2016 10 27 Ng Lam amp Chik 2000 515 Appendix 3 Tones The student of Cantonese will be well aware of the importance of tones in conveying meaning Basically there are seven tones which in the Yale system are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for Gwaan 2000 7 Basically there are seven tones which in the Yale system are represented by the use of diacritics and by the insertion of h for the three low tones The following chart will illustrate the seven tones 3 Mid Level 1 High Level 5 Low Falling 6 Low Level Further reading EditGwaan Choi wa 關彩華 2000 English Cantonese Dictionary 英粤字典 Cantonese in Yale Romanization 2nd ed Chinese University Press ISBN 962 201 970 6 Matthews Stephen amp Yip Virginia 1994 Cantonese A Comprehensive Grammar Routledge ISBN 0 415 08945 X Ng Lam Sim yuk amp Chik Hon man 2000 Chinese English Dictionary漢英小字典 Cantonese in Yale Romanization Mandarin in Pinyin Chinese University Press ISBN 962 201 922 6 External links EditComparison chart of Romanization for Cantonese with Yale S Lau Guangdong Toho and LSHK uses Shift JIS encoding MDBG free online Chinese English dictionary supports Cantonese Yale romanization Portals China Hong Kong Language Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yale romanization of Cantonese amp oldid 1089663732, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
