Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程; pinyin: 211 Gōngchéng) was an abolished project of developing comprehensive universities and colleges initiated in 1995 by the former State Education Commission of China, with the intent of raising the research standards of comprehensive universities and cultivating strategies for socio-economic development.[1] The name for the project comes from an abbreviation of the slogan "In preparation for the 21st century, successfully managing 100 universities" (面向21世纪，办好100所高校). One hundred was the approximate number of participating universities.[2]
During the first phase of the project, from 1996 to 2000, approximately US$2 billion was distributed.[1]
Some universities of Project 211 claimed that the project funding had been ceased in 2013.[3] Since 2014, Project 211 has been mentioned less.[4][5] In the same year, some universities reported that Project 211 funding had terminated, and the project had been repealed.[6][7]
In October 2015, the State Council of P.R.China published the 'Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First-Class Universities and First-Class Disciplines (Double First-Class University Plan)' , and made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China, replacing previous projects including Project 211, Project 985, Project Characteristic Key Disciplines, etc.[8]
In September 2017, the full list of Double First Class University Plan was formally published by the central government of China, a total number of 140 universities were included in this plan (the number of Double First-Class Universities expanded to 147 in February 2022), taking up less than 5% of the total number of Chinese higher education institutions (3,012),[11] which represents the most elite part of the higher education in China.[12][13]
In 2019, the Ministry of Education of China reconfirmed that the invalidated Project 211 had been replaced by the Double First-Class University Plan.[14]
Admissions
They admit students through a competitive process of the National Higher Education Entrance Examination ("Gaokao") for undergraduate programs.[15]
Controversies
Some Project 211 universities were added into the project for 'poverty alleviation', 'aid the poor', 'ethnic policy' and 'regional balance' reasons, and they were weaker than some other universities beyond the project in terms of comprehensive competitiveness and faculties' development.[16][17]
Sequel
Since 2015, the Project 211 has been abolished and replaced by the Double First-Class University Initiative.[18] In 2022, the Ministry of Education of China announced that 15 Double First-Class Universities received warnings on their Double First-Class status revocation, and 14 of them were former Project 211 universities.[19] If these 15 universities fail to pass the final assessment in 2023, they will lose their Double First-Class University statuses.[20][21]
By 2008, China had some 116 institutions of higher education (approximately 6%) designated as 211 Project universities for developing to meet some planned scientific, technical, and human resources targets and offering advanced degree programs.[2]
^ abLi Lixu (2004). (PDF). Asia Pacific Education Review. V (1): 14–22. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 23, 2010.
^ ab. Ministry of Education, PRC (in Chinese). Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
^"网传"985""211"废除 教育部称将回应此事--时政--人民网". politics.people.com.cn. from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
^"南京有高校称"211建设"已暂停|211工程|985工程_新浪新闻". from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017. 南京有高校称“211建设”已暂停
^"985、211取消后 仅88所高校入选"111计划"（名单） - 科学仪器及实验室装备展览会北京站". from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2017. 985、211取消后 仅88所高校入选“111计划”（名单）
^"网传"985""211"废除教育部称将回应此事--时政--人民网". politics.people.com.cn. from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
^"教育部宣布985、211工程多份文件失效 释放啥信号？-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
^"国务院关于印发统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案的通知_政府信息公开专栏". www.gov.cn. from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
^"教育部国务院学位委员会国家语委关于宣布失效一批规范性文件的通知 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2022.
^""985""211"工程将废除 教育部:年内启动"双一流"_新闻频道_中华网". news.china.com. from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
^"Higher education making steady progress". global.chinadaily.com.cn. from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
^"China to develop 42 world-class universities". People's Daily. September 21, 2017. from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
^"'World-class' universities list expanded". global.chinadaily.com.cn. from the original on October 30, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
^"关于985、211名单的咨询 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. from the original on December 23, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
^Liu, Ye (October 8, 2016). The Gaokao as a Meritocratic Selection?. In: Higher Education, Meritocracy and Inequality in China. Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance. Springer. p. 88. ISBN978-981-10-1588-5.
^"我国"照顾性"的8所211高校，分数线都很低，值得关注_大学_的发展_实力". www.sohu.com. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
^"名校教授"支援"地方_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
^""985""211"工程将废除 教育部:年内启动"双一流"_新闻频道_中华网". news.china.com. from the original on December 19, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022.
^"16个首轮"双一流"建设学科被公开警示或撤销，如何看待--教育--人民网". edu.people.com.cn. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
^"教育部答网民关于"'双一流'高校及学科评选，不能'只进不出'"的留言_教育部_中国政府网". www.gov.cn. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
^"浙江大学中文系百年学脉的传承与拓展". The Paper. from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2022.
External links
211 Project
April 09, 2023
project, chinese, 211工程, pinyin, gōngchéng, abolished, project, developing, comprehensive, universities, colleges, initiated, 1995, former, state, education, commission, china, with, intent, raising, research, standards, comprehensive, universities, cultivatin. Project 211 Chinese 211工程 pinyin 211 Gōngcheng was an abolished project of developing comprehensive universities and colleges initiated in 1995 by the former State Education Commission of China with the intent of raising the research standards of comprehensive universities and cultivating strategies for socio economic development 1 The name for the project comes from an abbreviation of the slogan In preparation for the 21st century successfully managing 100 universities 面向21世纪 办好100所高校 One hundred was the approximate number of participating universities 2 Universities of Project 211Map of Universities of Project 211 in China Formation1995 28 years ago 1995 Defunct2014 9 years ago 2014 TypePublic Universities National Key UniversitiesLegal statusMinistry of Education of the People s Republic of ChinaRegion servedChinaMembership116 Chinese Universities Contents 1 History 2 Admissions 3 Controversies 4 Sequel 5 List of universities 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditDuring the first phase of the project from 1996 to 2000 approximately US 2 billion was distributed 1 Some universities of Project 211 claimed that the project funding had been ceased in 2013 3 Since 2014 Project 211 has been mentioned less 4 5 In the same year some universities reported that Project 211 funding had terminated and the project had been repealed 6 7 In October 2015 the State Council of P R China published the Overall Plan for Promoting the Construction of World First Class Universities and First Class Disciplines Double First Class University Plan and made new arrangements for the development of higher education in China replacing previous projects including Project 211 Project 985 Project Characteristic Key Disciplines etc 8 In June 2016 the Ministry of Education of China announced that the Project 211 had been abolished 9 and replaced by the Double First Class University Initiative 10 In September 2017 the full list of Double First Class University Plan was formally published by the central government of China a total number of 140 universities were included in this plan the number of Double First Class Universities expanded to 147 in February 2022 taking up less than 5 of the total number of Chinese higher education institutions 3 012 11 which represents the most elite part of the higher education in China 12 13 In 2019 the Ministry of Education of China reconfirmed that the invalidated Project 211 had been replaced by the Double First Class University Plan 14 Admissions EditThey admit students through a competitive process of the National Higher Education Entrance Examination Gaokao for undergraduate programs 15 Controversies EditSome Project 211 universities were added into the project for poverty alleviation aid the poor ethnic policy and regional balance reasons and they were weaker than some other universities beyond the project in terms of comprehensive competitiveness and faculties development 16 17 Sequel EditSince 2015 the Project 211 has been abolished and replaced by the Double First Class University Initiative 18 In 2022 the Ministry of Education of China announced that 15 Double First Class Universities received warnings on their Double First Class status revocation and 14 of them were former Project 211 universities 19 If these 15 universities fail to pass the final assessment in 2023 they will lose their Double First Class University statuses 20 21 List of universities EditMain article List of universities in ChinaSee also Rankings of universities in ChinaBy 2008 China had some 116 institutions of higher education approximately 6 designated as 211 Project universities for developing to meet some planned scientific technical and human resources targets and offering advanced degree programs 2 Province Municipality City UniversityBeijing 26 Beijing 26 Beijing Foreign Studies University Beijing Forestry University Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing Normal University Beihang University Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing University of Technology Central Conservatory of Music Central University of Finance and Economics China Agricultural University China University of Geosciences Beijing China University of Petroleum Beijing China University of Mining and Technology Beijing China University of Political Science and Law Communication University of China Minzu University of China North China Electric Power University Peking Union Medical College Peking University Renmin University of China Tsinghua University University of International Business and Economics University of Science and Technology BeijingJiangsu 11 Nanjing 8 China Pharmaceutical University Hohai University Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Normal University Nanjing University Nanjing University of Science and Technology Southeast UniversitySuzhou Soochow UniversityWuxi Jiangnan UniversityXuzhou China University of Mining and TechnologyShanghai 10 Shanghai 10 Donghua University East China Normal University East China University of Science and Technology Fudan University Second Military Medical University Shanghai International Studies University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai University Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Tongji UniversityShaanxi 8 Xi an 7 Chang an University Fourth Military Medical University Xi an Jiaotong University Xidian University Shaanxi Normal University Northwest University Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXianyang Northwest A amp F UniversityHubei 7 Wuhan 7 China University of Geosciences Wuhan Wuhan University Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan University of Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Huazhong Normal University Zhongnan University of Economics and LawSichuan 5 Chengdu 4 Sichuan University Southwest Jiaotong University Southwestern University of Finance and Economics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaYa an Sichuan Agricultural UniversityGuangdong 4 Guangzhou 4 Jinan University South China Normal University South China University of Technology Sun Yat sen UniversityHunan 4 Changsha 4 Central South University Hunan Normal University Hunan University National University of Defense TechnologyHeilongjiang 4 Harbin 4 Harbin Engineering University Harbin Institute of Technology Northeast Agricultural University Northeast Forestry UniversityLiaoning 4 Shenyang 2 Liaoning University Northeastern UniversityDalian 2 Dalian Maritime University Dalian University of TechnologyTianjin 4 Tianjin 4 Hebei University of Technology Nankai University Tianjin Medical University Tianjin UniversityAnhui 3 Hefei 3 Anhui University Hefei University of Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaJilin 3 Changchun 2 Jilin University Northeast Normal UniversityYanji Yanbian UniversityShandong 3 Qingdao 2 Ocean University of China China University of Petroleum Huadong Jinan Shandong UniversityChongqing 2 Chongqing 2 Chongqing University Southwest UniversityFujian 2 Xiamen Xiamen UniversityFuzhou Fuzhou UniversityXinjiang 2 Shihezi Shihezi UniversityUrumqi Xinjiang UniversityGuizhou Guiyang Guizhou UniversityGansu Lanzhou Lanzhou UniversityHainan Haikou Hainan UniversityHenan Zhengzhou Zhengzhou UniversityJiangxi Nanchang Nanchang UniversityQinghai Xining Qinghai UniversityShanxi Taiyuan Taiyuan University of TechnologyYunnan Kunming Yunnan UniversityZhejiang Hangzhou Zhejiang University Hangzhou University 22 Guangxi Nanning Guangxi UniversityInner Mongolia Hohhot Inner Mongolia UniversityNingxia Yinchuan Ningxia UniversityTibet Lhasa Tibet UniversitySee also Edit China portalList of universities in China State Key Laboratories a list of key laboratories receiving support from the central government of the P R China Double First Class University a scheme for improving 147 China s top universities C9 League a formal group of 9 elite universities in the China Project 985 a former project of developing 39 leading research universities in China Excellence League an alliance of leading Chinese universities with strong backgrounds in engineering Big Four Institutes of Technology Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance Plan 111 863 Program Rankings of universities in China Small town SwotReferences Edit a b Li Lixu 2004 China s Higher Education Reform 1998 2003 A Summary PDF Asia Pacific Education Review V 1 14 22 Archived from the original PDF on June 23 2010 a b 211工程 大事记 Ministry of Education PRC in Chinese Archived from the original on November 22 2016 Retrieved March 8 2017 网传 985 211 废除 教育部称将回应此事 时政 人民网 politics people com cn Archived from the original on September 3 2022 Retrieved December 19 2022 南京有高校称 211建设 已暂停 211工程 985工程 新浪新闻 Archived from the original on September 9 2017 Retrieved September 9 2017 南京有高校称 211建设 已暂停 985 211取消后 仅88所高校入选 111计划 名单 科学仪器及实验室装备展览会北京站 Archived from the original on September 9 2017 Retrieved September 9 2017 985 211取消后 仅88所高校入选 111计划 名单 网传 985 211 废除教育部称将回应此事 时政 人民网 politics people com cn Archived from the original on September 3 2022 Retrieved September 3 2022 教育部宣布985 211工程多份文件失效 释放啥信号 新华网 www xinhuanet com Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved September 4 2022 国务院关于印发统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设总体方案的通知 政府信息公开专栏 www gov cn Archived from the original on April 6 2019 Retrieved December 24 2021 教育部国务院学位委员会国家语委关于宣布失效一批规范性文件的通知 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站 www moe gov cn Archived from the original on March 7 2019 Retrieved September 4 2022 985 211 工程将废除 教育部 年内启动 双一流 新闻频道 中华网 news china com Archived from the original on December 19 2022 Retrieved September 3 2022 Higher education making steady progress global chinadaily com cn Archived from the original on October 30 2022 Retrieved May 7 2022 China to develop 42 world class universities People s Daily September 21 2017 Archived from the original on August 12 2020 Retrieved May 3 2018 World class universities list expanded global chinadaily com cn Archived from the original on October 30 2022 Retrieved May 7 2022 关于985 211名单的咨询 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站 www moe gov cn Archived from the original on December 23 2021 Retrieved December 23 2021 Liu Ye October 8 2016 The Gaokao as a Meritocratic Selection In Higher Education Meritocracy and Inequality in China Higher Education in Asia Quality Excellence and Governance Springer p 88 ISBN 978 981 10 1588 5 我国 照顾性 的8所211高校 分数线都很低 值得关注 大学 的发展 实力 www sohu com Retrieved January 26 2023 名校教授 支援 地方 腾讯新闻 new qq com Retrieved January 26 2023 985 211 工程将废除 教育部 年内启动 双一流 新闻频道 中华网 news china com Archived from the original on December 19 2022 Retrieved September 3 2022 教育部 财政部 国家发展改革委 关于公布第二轮 双一流 建设高校及 建设学科名单的通知 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站 www moe gov cn Retrieved January 25 2023 16个首轮 双一流 建设学科被公开警示或撤销 如何看待 教育 人民网 edu people com cn Retrieved January 25 2023 教育部答网民关于 双一流 高校及学科评选 不能 只进不出 的留言 教育部 中国政府网 www gov cn Retrieved January 25 2023 浙江大学中文系百年学脉的传承与拓展 The Paper Archived from the original on June 4 2022 Retrieved June 4 2022 External links EditProject 211 the 106 universities and colleges the webpage written in Simple Chinese Ministry of Education 211 Project Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Project 211 amp oldid 1147641827, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
