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Jiangsu

March 24, 2023

Jiangsu (UK: /dʒæŋˈsuː/;[4] US: /ˈdʒjɑːŋˈsuː/ [5] Chinese: 江苏; pinyin: Jiāngsū, alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu) is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita of Chinese provinces and second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong.[6] Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.

Jiangsu
江苏
Province
Name transcription(s)
 • Chinese江苏省 (Jiāngsū Shěng)
 • AbbreviationJS / 苏 (pinyin: Sū)
 • WuKaonsu San
 • Jiang–HuaiJiang1 su1 Sen3
From top to bottom, left to right: Zifeng Tower in Nanjing, Suzhou, Tiger Hill Pagoda, Xuzhou TV Tower, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Map showing the location of Jiangsu Province
Coordinates: 32°54′N 119°48′E / 32.9°N 119.8°E / 32.9; 119.8Coordinates: 32°54′N 119°48′E / 32.9°N 119.8°E / 32.9; 119.8
CountryChina
Named for江 Jiāng – Jiangning (now Nanjing)
苏 sū – Suzhou
CapitalNanjing
Largest citySuzhou
Divisions13 prefectures, 106 counties, 1488 townships
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyJiangsu Provincial People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryXin Changxing
 • Congress chairmanXin Changxing
 • GovernorXu Kunlin
 • CPPCC chairmanZhang Yizhen
 • National People's Congress Representation149 deputies
Area
 • Total102,600 km2 (39,600 sq mi)
 • Rank25th
Highest elevation
(Mount Huaguo)
625 m (2,051 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total84,748,016
 • Rank5th
 • Density830/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
  • Rank4th
DemonymJiangsunese or Jiangsuvian
Demographics
 • Ethnic compositionHan – 99.6%
Hui – 0.2% (160,800)
 • Languages and dialectsMandarin (Official)
Lower Yangtze Mandarin, Wu, Central Plains Mandarin Mandarin
ISO 3166 codeCN-JS
GDP (2021)CNY 11.64 trillion
USD 1.805 trillion [2]
 - per capitaCNY 137,348
USD 21,294 (3rd)
 • growth 8.6%
HDI (2019)0.803[3] (very high) (4th)
Websitewww.jiangsu.gov.cn

Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, Jiangsu has been a national economic and commercial center, partly due to the construction of the Grand Canal. Cities such as Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, and Shanghai (separated from Jiangsu in 1927) are all major Chinese economic hubs. Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1990, Jiangsu has become a focal point for economic development. It is widely regarded as one of China's most developed provinces, when measured by its Human Development Index (HDI).[3] Its 2021 nominal GDP per capita reached RMB 137,300 (US$21,287), becoming the first province in China to reach $20,000 mark.[7]

Jiangsu is home to many of the world's leading exporters of electronic equipment, chemicals and textiles.[8] It has also been China's largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006. Its 2021 nominal GDP was more than RMB 11.64 trillion (US$1.80 trillion), which is the fifth-highest of all country subdivisions.[7] If it were a country, it would be the tenth-largest economy as of 2021 as well as the 19th most populous.[9]

Jiangsu is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China. As of 2022, Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education, ranking first of all Chinese provinces.[10] Jiangsu has many highly ranked educational institutions,[11] with 16 number of universities listed in the Double First-Class Universities, ranking second after Beijing. As of 2020, two major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world's top 50 (Nanjing 8th and Suzhou 45th) cities by scientific research output, as tracked by the Nature Index.[12]

Name

Jiangsu's name is a compound of the first elements of the names of the two cities of Jiangning (now Nanjing) and Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" (Sū), the second character of its name.[13]

History

During the earliest Chinese dynasties, the area that is now Jiangsu was far away from the center of Chinese civilization, which was in the northwest Henan; it was home of the Huai Yi (淮夷), an ancient ethnic group. During the Zhou dynasty more contact was made, and eventually the state of Wu appeared in southern Jiangsu, one of the many hundreds of states that existed across northern and central China at that time. Near the end of the Spring and Autumn period, Wu became a great power under King Helu of Wu, and defeated in 484 BC the state of Qi, a major power in the north in modern-day Shandong province, and contest for the position of overlord over all states of China. The state of Wu was subjugated in 473 BC by the state of Yue, another state that had emerged to the south in modern-day Zhejiang province. Yue was in turn subjugated by the powerful state of Chu from the west in 333 BC. Eventually the state of Qin swept away all the other states, and unified China in 221 BC.[14]

 
One of the tortoise stelae of Xiao Dan (478–522), a member of the Liang royal family. Ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, near Nanjing

Under the reign of the Han dynasty (206 BC to 220 AD), Jiangsu was removed from the centers of civilization in the North China Plain, and was administered under two zhou (provinces): Xu Province in the north, and Yang Province in the south. During the Three Kingdoms period, southern Jiangsu became the base of the Eastern Wu (222 to 280), whose capital, Jianye (later renamed to Jiankang), is modern Nanjing. When nomadic invasions overran northern China in the 4th century, the imperial court of the Jin dynasty moved to Jiankang. Cities in southern and central Jiangsu swelled with the influx of migrants from the north. Jiankang remained as the capital for four successive Southern dynasties and became the largest commercial and cultural center in China.[15]

 
The Huqiu Tower of Tiger Hill, Suzhou, built in 961.

After the Sui dynasty united the country in 581, the political center of the country shifted back to the north, but the Grand Canal was built through Jiangsu to link the Central Plain with the prosperous Yangtze Delta. The Tang dynasty (618–907) relied on southern Jiangsu for annual deliveries of grain. It was during the Song dynasty (960–1279), which saw the development of a wealthy mercantile class and emergent market economy in China, that Jiangnan (southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, and adjacent areas) emerged as a center of trade. From then onwards, major cities like Suzhou or Yangzhou, would be synonymous with opulence and luxury in China. Today the region remains one of the richest parts of China.

The Jurchen Jin dynasty gained control of North China in 1127 during the Jin-Song wars, and Huai River, which used to cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea, was the border between the north, under the Jin, and the south, under the Southern Song dynasty. The Mongols took control of China in the thirteenth century. The Ming dynasty, which was established in 1368 after driving out the Mongols who had occupied China, initially put its capital in Nanjing. Regions surrounding Nanjing, corresponding to Jiangsu and Anhui today, were designated as the Nanzhili province (literally "southern directly governed"). Following a coup by Zhu Di (later, the Yongle Emperor), however, the capital was moved to Beijing, far to the north, although Nanjing kept its status as the southern capital. In late Ming, Jiangnan continued to be an important center of trade in China; some historians see in the flourishing textiles industry at the time incipient industrialization and capitalism, a trend that was however aborted.

 
The Beisi Pagoda of Suzhou, built between 1131 and 1162 during the Song dynasty, 76 m (249 ft) tall.

The Qing dynasty converted Nanzhili to "Jiangnan province"; in 1666 Jiangsu and Anhui were split apart as separate provinces. Jiangsu's borders have been for the most part stable since then.

With the start of the Western incursion into China in the 1840s, the rich and mercantile Yangtze river delta was increasingly exposed to Western influence; Shanghai, originally an unremarkable little town of Jiangsu, quickly developed into a metropolis of trade, banking, and cosmopolitanism, and was split out later as an independent municipality. Jiangnan also figures strongly in the Taiping Rebellion (1851 – 1864), a massive and deadly rebellion that attempted to set up a Christian theocracy in China; it started far to the south, in Guangdong province, swept through much of South China, and by 1853, had established Nanjing as its capital, renamed as Tianjing (天京 "Heavenly Capital").

The Republic of China was established in 1912,[16] and China was soon torn apart by warlords. Jiangsu changed hands several times, but in April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek established a government at Nanking; he was soon able to bring most of China under his control. This was however interrupted by the second Sino-Japanese War, which began full-scale in 1937; on December 13, 1937, Nanjing fell, and the combined atrocities of the occupying Japanese for the next three months would come to be known as the Nanjing Massacre. Nanjing was the seat of the collaborationist government of East China under Wang Jingwei, and Jiangsu remained under Japanese occupation until the end of the war in 1945.

After the war, Nanking was once again the capital of the Republic of China, though now the Chinese Civil War had broken out between the Kuomintang government and Communist forces, based further north, mostly in Northeast China. The decisive Huaihai Campaign was fought in northern Jiangsu; it resulted in Kuomintang defeat, and the communists were soon able to cross the Yangtze River and take Nanking. The Kuomintang fled southward and eventually ended up in Taipei, from which the Republic of China government continues to administer Taiwan, Pescadores, and its neighboring islands, though it also continues to claim (technically, at least) Nanjing as its rightful de jure capital.

After the communist takeover, Peking (formerly Peiping, later spelled as Beijing) was made capital of the People's Republic, and Nanjing was demoted to be the provincial capital of Jiangsu. The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping initially focused on the south coast of China, in Guangdong province, which soon left Jiangsu behind; starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China. Suzhou and Wuxi, two southern cities of Jiangsu in close proximity to neighboring Shanghai, have since become particularly prosperous, being among the top 10 cities in China in terms of gross domestic product and outstripping the provincial capital of Nanjing. The income disparity between northern and southern Jiangsu however remains large.

Geography

 
Population density and low elevation coastal zones in Jiangsu. Jiangsu is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise.
 
Jiangsu in 1936
 
Tourists cross a bridge in Chengxu temple, a Taoist temple which was built in 1086-1093 during the Song Dynasty

Jiangsu is flat, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent). Most of the province stands not more than 50 meters (160 ft) above sea level. Jiangsu also has a well-developed irrigation system, which earned it (especially the southern half) the moniker of traditional Chinese: 水鄕; simplified Chinese: 水乡 (shuǐxiāng "land of water"). The southern city of Suzhou has so many canals that it has been dubbed "Venice of the East" or the "Venice of the Orient."[17][18] The Grand Canal of China cuts through Jiangsu from north to south, crossing all the east–west river systems. Jiangsu also borders the Yellow Sea. The Yangtze River, the longest river of China, cuts through the province in the south and reaches the East China Sea, which divides the region into two parts: more urban, prosperous south and more poorer, rural north, and these two parts has a tense division.[19]Mount Huaguo, near the city of Lianyungang, is the highest point in Jiangsu, at an altitude of 625 meters (2,051 ft) above sea level. Large lakes in Jiangsu include Lake Tai (the largest), Lake Hongze, Lake Gaoyou, Lake Luoma, and Lake Yangcheng.

Before 1194 A.D., the Huai River cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea. The Huai River is a major river in central China, and it was the traditional border between North China and South China. Since 1194 A.D., the Yellow River further to the north changed its course several times, running into the Huai River in north Jiangsu each time instead of its other usual path northwards into Bohai Bay. The silting caused by the Yellow River was so heavy that after its last episode of "hijacking" the Huai River ended in 1855: the Huai River was no longer able to go through its usual path into the sea. Instead it flooded, pooled up (thereby forming and enlarging Lake Hongze and Lake Gaoyou), and flowed southwards through the Grand Canal into the Yangtze. The old path of the Huai River is now marked by a series of irrigation channels, the most significant of which is the North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal (traditional Chinese: 蘇北灌溉總渠; simplified Chinese: 苏北灌溉总渠), which channels a small amount of the water of the Huai River alongside south of its old path into the sea.

Most of Jiangsu has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa or Cwa in the Köppen climate classification), beginning to transition into a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) in the far north. Seasonal changes are clear-cut, with temperatures at an average of −1 to 4 °C (30 to 39 °F) in January and 26 to 29 °C (79 to 84 °F) in July. Rain falls frequently between spring and summer (meiyu), typhoons with rainstorms occur in late summer and early autumn. As with the rest of the coast, tornados are possible. The annual average rainfall is 800 to 1,200 millimeters (31 to 47 in), concentrated mostly in summer during the southeast monsoon.

Major cities:[20]

Administrative divisions

Main articles: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu and List of township-level divisions of Jiangsu

Jiangsu is divided into thirteen prefecture-level divisions, all prefecture-level cities (including a sub-provincial city):

Administrative divisions of Jiangsu
Division code[21] Division Area in km2[22] Population 2020[23] Seat Divisions[24]
Districts Counties CL cities
320000 Jiangsu Province 102600.00 84,748,016 Nanjing city 55 19 21
320100 Nanjing city 6582.31 9,314,685 Xuanwu District 11
320200 Wuxi city 4787.61 7,462,135 Binhu District 5 2
320300 Xuzhou city 11764.88 9,083,790 Yunlong District 5 3 2
320400 Changzhou city 4384.57 5,278,121 Xinbei District 5 1
320500 Suzhou city 8488.42 12,748,262 Gusu District 5 4
320600 Nantong city 8001.00 7,726,635 Chongchuan District 3 1 3
320700 Lianyungang city 7615.29 4,599,360 Haizhou District 3 3
320800 Huai'an city 9949.97 4,556,230 Qingjiangpu District 4 3
320900 Yancheng city 16972.42 6,709,629 Tinghu District 3 5 1
321000 Yangzhou city 6591.21 4,559,797 Hanjiang District 3 1 2
321100 Zhenjiang city 3840.32 3,210,418 Jingkou District 3 3
321200 Taizhou city 5787.26 4,512,762 Hailing District 3 3
321300 Suqian city 8555.00 4,986,192 Sucheng District 2 3
  Sub-provincial cities
 
Population distribution of Jiangsu in 2010

These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 98 county-level divisions (55 districts, 21 county-level cities, and 20 counties). Those are in turn divided into 1,488 township-level divisions (1,078 towns, 122 townships, one ethnic township, and 287 subdistricts). At the end of the year 2017, the total population is 80.29 million.[1]

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
# City Urban area[25] District area[25] City proper[25] Census date
1 Nanjing[a] 5,827,888 7,165,292 8,003,744 2010-11-01
(1) Nanjing (new districts)[a] 410,298 838,452 see Nanjing 2010-11-01
2 Suzhou [b] 3,302,152 4,072,081 10,459,890 2010-11-01
(2) Suzhou (new district)[b] 781,771 1,273,880 see Suzhou 2010-11-01
3 Wuxi 2,757,736 3,543,719 6,374,399 2010-11-01
4 Changzhou[c] 2,257,376 3,290,918 4,592,431 2010-11-01
(4) Changzhou (new district)[c] 275,185 551,991 see Changzhou 2010-11-01
5 Xuzhou[d] 1,735,166 1,967,214 8,577,225 2010-11-01
(5) Xuzhou (new district)[d] 479,629 1,086,564 see Xuzhou 2010-11-01
6 Nantong 1,612,385 2,274,113 7,283,622 2010-11-01
7 Huai'an[e] 1,523,655 2,635,406 4,801,662 2010-11-01
(7) Huai'an (new district)[e] 146,359 326,459 see Huai'an 2010-11-01
8 Yancheng[f] 1,136,826 1,615,836 7,262,200 2010-11-01
(8) Yancheng (new district)[f] 347,389 706,662 see Yancheng 2010-11-01
9 Kunshan 1,118,617 1,644,860 see Suzhou 2010-11-01
10 Yangzhou[g] 1,077,531 1,392,563 4,460,066 2010-11-01
(10) Yangzhou (new district)[g] 506,706 1,006,372 see Yangzhou 2010-11-01
11 Jiangyin 1,013,670 1,595,138 see Wuxi 2010-11-01
12 Zhenjiang 950,516 1,200,760 3,114,105 2010-11-01
13 Changshu 929,124 1,510,453 see Suzhou 2010-11-01
14 Lianyungang[h] 897,393 1,050,523 4,393,482 2010-11-01
(14) Lianyungang (new district)[h] 413,809 950,486 see Lianyungang 2010-11-01
15 Suqian 783,376 1,437,685 4,719,178 2010-11-01
16 Zhangjiagang 762,625 1,246,762 see Suzhou 2010-11-01
17 Yixing 710,497 1,235,542 see Wuxi 2010-11-01
18 Taizhou[i] 676,877 878,463 4,618,937 2010-11-01
(18) Taizhou (new district)[i] 376,724 728,645 see Taizhou 2010-11-01
19 Pizhou 631,572 1,458,038 see Xuzhou 2010-11-01
20 Rugao 614,909 1,267,066 see Nantong 2010-11-01
21 Xinghua 575,288 1,253,548 see Taizhou 2010-11-01
22 Taixing 553,079 1,073,921 see Taizhou 2010-11-01
23 Danyang 500,572 960,662 see Zhenjiang 2010-11-01
24 Dongtai 489,815 990,306 see Yancheng 2010-11-01
25 Qidong 479,243 972,525 see Nantong 2010-11-01
26 Haimen 453,781 907,598 see Nantong 2010-11-01
27 Taicang 435,225 711,854 see Suzhou 2010-11-01
(28) Hai'an[j] 424,900 866,337 see Nantong 2010-11-01
29 Xinyi 402,169 920,628 see Xuzhou 2010-11-01
30 Jingjiang 388,119 684,360 see Taizhou 2010-11-01
31 Liyang 368,409 749,522 see Changzhou 2010-11-01
32 Gaoyou 341,069 744,685 see Yangzhou 2010-11-01
33 Jurong 299,033 617,706 see Zhenjiang 2010-11-01
34 Yizheng 271,969 564,021 see Yangzhou 2010-11-01
35 Yangzhong 179,771 334,977 see Zhenjiang 2010-11-01
  1. ^ a b New districts established after census: Lishui (Lishui County), Gaochun (Gaochun County). These new districts not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  2. ^ a b New district established after census: Wujiang (Wujiang CLC). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  3. ^ a b New district established after census: Jintan (Jintan CLC). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  4. ^ a b New district established after census: Tongshan (Tongshan County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  5. ^ a b New district established after census: Hongze (Hongze County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  6. ^ a b New district established after census: Dafeng (Dafeng CLC). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  7. ^ a b New district established after census: Jiangdu (Jiangdu CLC). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  8. ^ a b New district established after census: Ganyu (Ganyu County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  9. ^ a b New district established after census: Jiangyan (Jiangyan CLC). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  10. ^ Hai'an County is currently known as Hai'an CLC after census.
 
 
Most populous cities in Jiangsu
Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population[26]
Rank Pop. Rank Pop.
 
Nanjing
 
Suzhou 		1 Nanjing 6,572,000 11 Taizhou 967,600  
Wuxi
 
Changzhou
2 Suzhou 3,572,500 12 Zhenjiang 888,500
3 Wuxi 2,588,400 13 Suqian 823,900
4 Changzhou 2,340,700 14 Kunshan 527,400
5 Xuzhou 2,066,900 15 Yixing 510,400
6 Nantong 1,634,100 16 Changshu 436,500
7 Huai'an 1,604,500 17 Pizhou 405,000
8 Yancheng 1,342,700 18 Zhangjiagang 384,000
9 Yangzhou 1,219,400 19 Jiangyin 382,500
10 Lianyungang 1,102,000 20 Danyang 364,400

Politics

Main articles: Politics of Jiangsu and List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China

The politics of Jiangsu is structured in a one party (Communist) government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Jiangsu is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangsu. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangsu Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangsu CCP Party Chief."

Economy

 
An industrial landscape in Ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, Nanjing

As of 2021, Jiangsu had a gross domestic product (GDP) in nominal of RMB 11.64 trillion (US$1.80 trillion),[27] the second-highest in China after Guangdong. Its GDP is greater than those of South Korea and Russia which are the world's 10th- and 11th-largest economies respectively.[28] Jiangsu's GDP by nominal is greater than the GDPs of all other BRICS states, except India.[29] In 2021, Jiangsu's economy by Purchasing Power Parity reached US$2.83 trillion, making it the 3rd-largest of any country subdivision globally, behind California and Guangdong.[30] Jiangsu's economy in PPP also exceeded that of Italy with a GDP PPP of US$ $2.71 trillion, the 11th largest in the world.[31]

Jiangsu is very wealthy among the provinces of China. Its 2021 nominal GDP per capita reached RMB 137,300 (US$21,287), becoming the first province in China to reach $20,000 mark.[7] Cities like Nanjing, Suzhou, and Wuxi have GDPs per capita around twice the provincial average, making south Jiangsu one of the most prosperous regions in China.

The province has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture, which is based primarily on rice and wheat, followed by maize and sorghum. Main cash crops include cotton, soybeans, peanuts, rapeseed, sesame, ambary hemp, and tea. Other products include peppermint, spearmint, bamboo, medicinal herbs, apples, pears, peaches, loquats, ginkgo. Silkworms form an important part of Jiangsu's agriculture, with the Lake Tai region to the south a major base of silk production in China. Jiangsu is an important producer of freshwater fish and other aquatic products.

Jiangsu has coal, petroleum, and natural gas deposits, but its most significant mineral products are non-metal minerals such as halite (rock salt), sulfur, phosphorus, and marble. The city of Xuzhou is a coal hub of China. The salt mines of Huaiyin have more than 0.4 trillion tonnes of deposits, one of the greatest collections of deposits in China.

Jiangsu is historically oriented toward light industries such as textiles and food industry. Since 1949, Jiangsu has developed heavy industries such as chemical industry and construction materials. Jiangsu's important industries include machinery, electronic, chemicals, and automobile.[32][33] The government has worked hard to promote the solar industry and hoped by 2012 the solar industry would be worth 100 billion RMB.[34] Jiangsu's economy growth has directly benefited from the reform Chinese's policies, and its growth trajectory reflects that of many other coastal provinces, such as Zhejiang and Shandong.[35] The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping have greatly benefited southern cities, especially Suzhou and Wuxi, which outstrip the provincial capital, Nanjing, in total output. In the eastern outskirts of Suzhou, Singapore has built the Suzhou Industrial Park, a flagship of Sino-Singaporean cooperation and the only industrial park in China that is in its entirety the investment of a single foreign country.

Jiangsu contains over 100 different economic and technological development zones devoted to different types of investments.[36]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912[37] 32,283,000—    
1928[38] 34,126,000+5.7%
1936–37[39] 36,469,000+6.9%
1947[40] 36,080,000−1.1%
1954[41] 41,252,192+14.3%
1964[42] 44,504,608+7.9%
1982[43] 60,521,114+36.0%
1990[44] 67,056,519+10.8%
2000[45] 73,043,577+8.9%
2010[46] 78,659,903+7.7%
Shanghai was part of Jiangsu Province until 1927.
Nanjing part of Jiangsu Province until 1927; dissolved in 1952 and incorporated into Jiangsu Province.

The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic Han Chinese. Other minorities include the Hui and the Manchus.

Demographic indicators in 2000

Population: 74.058 million (urban: 34.637 million; rural: 39.421 million) (2003)
Birth rate: 9.04 per 1000 (2003)
Death rate: 7.03 per 1000 (2003)
Sex ratio: 102.55 males per 100 females
Average family size: 3.25
Han Chinese proportion: 99.64%
Literacy rate: 97.88%

Religion

Religion in Jiangsu[47][note 1]

  Chinese ancestral religion (16.67%)
  Christianity (2.64%)
  Other religions or not religious people[note 2] (80.69%)

The predominant religions in Jiangsu are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 16.67% of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors, while 2.64% of the population identifies as Christian.[47] The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 80.69% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims.

In 2010, there are 130,757 Muslims in Jiangsu.[48]

Transportation

Jiangsu is home to one of the most extensive transportation networks in China.

Air

Nanjing Lukou International Airport (IATA: NKG) serves as the major airport in the province, with flights to Tokyo, Osaka, Hong Kong, Seoul-Incheon, Frankfurt, Bangkok, Milan, Vancouver and Los Angeles. Other passenger airports include Sunan Shuofang International Airport, Changzhou Benniu Airport, Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport, and Nantong Xingdong Airport. Air traffic in the populated Suzhou area is often diverted to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, to which Suzhou is conveniently connected to via bus services and by expressway.

Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport, Yancheng Nanyang International Airport, and Lianyungang Baitabu Airport serve as hubs in northern Jiangsu.

Rail

Main article: Railways in Jiangsu

The southern part of the province, namely the Shanghai-Nanjing corridor, has very high-frequency rail services. Jiangsu is in route of the Jinghu railway from Beijing to Shanghai, as well as the high speed line between the two cities: Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, completed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Since the completion of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line, travel time between Beijing and Nanjing has been reduced to approximately four hours (from eleven hours previously); travel time between Nanjing and Shanghai on the fastest high-speed trains takes just over an hour.

As of 2022, all major cities in Jiangsu have been connected by high-speed lines, including: Shanghai-Nanjing intercity railway since 2010, Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway since 2011, Nanjing–Hangzhou high-speed railway since 2013, Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway since 2015, Lianyungang–Zhenjiang high-speed railway since 2020, Xuzhou–Yancheng high-speed railway since 2019, Yancheng–Nantong high-speed railway since 2020, Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway since 2020, and Lianyungang–Xuzhou high-speed railway since 2021.

Road

Jiangsu's road network is one of the most developed in the country.[49] The Beijing–Shanghai Expressway (G2) enters the province from the north and passes through Huai'an, Yangzhou, Taizhou, and Wuxi on the way to Shanghai; travelling from Shanghai westbound, G2 forks at Wuxi and continues onto Nanjing separately as G42, the Shanghai–Nanjing Expressway, which serves the widely travelled southern corridor of the province. The Ningchang Expressway links Nanjing with Changzhou. The Suzhou area is extensively networked with expressways, going in all directions. The Yanhai Expressway links the coastal regions of the province, passing through Nantong, Yancheng, and Lianyungang.

Historically, the province was divided by the Yangtze River into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the river in Jiangsu, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, was completed in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution. The second bridge crossing, Jiangyin Bridge, opened 30 years later at Jiangyin. As of October 2014, there were 11 cross-Yangtze bridges in the province, including the five in Nanjing, which also has two cross-river tunnels. The Jiangyin Bridge (1,385 m (4,544 ft)), Runyang Bridge (opened in 2005, connecting Yangzhou and Zhenjiang, 1,490 m (4,890 ft)), and Fourth Nanjing Bridge (opened in 2012; 1,418 m (4,652 ft)) all rank among the ten longest suspension bridges in the world. The Sutong Bridge, opened in 2008, connecting Nantong and Changshu, has one of the longest cable-stayed bridge spans in the world, at 1,088 m (3,570 ft).

Metro (subway)

As of December 2022, Jiangsu has six cities that have operational subway systems, together with an extra city (Huai'an) currently under construction. These six cities are Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Xuzhou and Nantong.

The Nanjing Metro was opened in September 2005. It was the sixth city in Mainland China that opened up a metro system. As of December 2019 the city currently has 11 metro lines (Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 10, Line S1, Line S3, Line S6, Line S7, Line S8 and Line S9), with several extra ones (i.e. Line 5) under construction.

The Suzhou Rail Transit, also known as the Suzhou Metro, was opened in April 2012. As of October, 2022, it currently has five operational lines: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4 and Line 5. It also has four other lines under construction (Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line S1) and 11 lines under planning (Lines 9, 10, 11 through 16, Line 18, Line 20, Line S4, Line S5). Currently under construction lines are expected to be operational by 2024 and planned lines are expected to be operational by 2035.

The Wuxi Metro was opened in July 2014. The system is currently composed of four operational lines by 2022: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3 and Line 4. It also has two other lines under construction: Line S1 and an extension of Line 4.

The Changzhou Metro was opened in September 2019. The system currently only has two lines operational, Line 1 and Line 2.

The Xuzhou Metro was opened in September 2019, a few days after the Changzhou Metro started operations. The system currently only has three lines operational, Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3.

The Nantong Metro was opened in November 2022. It has one operating line: Line 1 and another line under construction: Line 2.[50]

The Huai'an Metro, also known as the Huai'an Rail System, began construction in November 2018. There are seven lines planned: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 5, Line S1, and Line S2. It is expected to start operations before 2025.

Culture

The four mass migrations in the 4th, 8th, 12th and 14th centuries had been influential in shaping the regional culture of Jiangsu. According to dialects and the other factors, the province can be roughly segmented four major cultural subdivisions: Wu (吴), Jinling (金陵), Huaiyang (淮扬) and Xuhuai (徐淮), from southeast to northwest.[citation needed] The belts of transition blurred the boundaries.[51][52][53]

Group Wuyue Lower Yangtze Central Plains
Designation Wu Jinling Huaiyang Xuhuai
Major dialect Wu Chinese Lower Yangtze Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin Central Plains Mandarin
Core Suzhou Nanjing Yangzhou Xuzhou
 
The Humble Administrator's Garden, one of the classical gardens of Suzhou.

Jiangsu is rich in cultural traditions. Kunqu, originating in Kunshan, is one of the most renowned and prestigious forms of Chinese opera.[54][citation needed] Pingtan, a form of storytelling accompanied by music, is also popular: it can be subdivided into types by origin: Suzhou Pingtan (of Suzhou), Yangzhou Pingtan (of Yangzhou), and Nanjing Pingtan (of Nanjing). Wuxi opera, a form of traditional Chinese opera, is popular in Wuxi, while Huaiju is popular further north, around Yancheng. Jiangsu cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of the cuisine of China.

Suzhou is also well known for its silk, Chinese embroidery, jasmine tea, stone bridges, pagodas, and classical gardens. Nearby Yixing is noted for its teaware while Yangzhou is known for its lacquerware and jadeware. Nanjing's yunjin is a noted type of woven silk.

Since ancient times, south Jiangsu has been famed for its prosperity and opulence, and simply inserting south Jiangsu place names (Suzhou, Yangzhou, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess,[citation needed] as was indeed done by many famous poets. In particular, the fame of Suzhou (as well as Hangzhou in neighbouring Zhejiang) has led to the popular saying: 上有天堂，下有蘇杭 ("above there is heaven; below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou"), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities. Similarly, the prosperity of Yangzhou has led poets to dream of: 腰纏十萬貫，騎鶴下揚州 ("with a hundred thousand strings of coins wrapped around its waist, a crane landed in Yangzhou").

Education

Higher education

For a more comprehensive list, see List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu and Project 211.

As of 2022, Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education, ranking first of all Chinese provinces.[55] There are two Project 985, 11 Project 211, and 16 Double First Class universities in the province. A combination of 93 members of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering work in Jiangsu.[56] As of 2020, two major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world's top 50 (Nanjing 8th and Suzhou 45th) cities by scientific research output, as tracked by the Nature Index.[57]

Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu

Other Major Research Universities in Jiangsu

Additional schools

Tourism

Nanjing was the capital of several Chinese dynasties and contains a variety of historic sites, such as the Purple Mountain, Purple Mountain Observatory, the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Ming dynasty city wall and gates, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum (the mausoleum of the first Ming Emperor, Hongwu Emperor), Xuanwu Lake, Jiming Temple, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial, Nanjing Confucius Temple, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, and the Nanjing Zoo, along with its circus. Suzhou is renowned for its classical gardens (designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site), as well as the Hanshan Temple, and Huqiu Tower. Nearby is the water-town of Zhouzhuang, an international tourist destination with Venice-like waterways, bridges and dwellings, which have been preserved over centuries. Yangzhou is known for Slender West Lake. Wuxi is known for being the home of the world's tallest Buddha statue. In the north, Xuzhou is designated as one of China's "eminent historical cities." The official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu[58] was set up in 2008.

Sports

Professional sports teams in Jiangsu include:

International relations

Twin Provinces[59]

Country State/Province Time
  Australia Victoria 1979/11/18
  Japan Aichi 1980/7/28
  North Korea Kangwon 1984/11/8
  Canada Ontario 1985/11/21
  United States New York 1989/4/21
  United Kingdom Essex 1992/7/16
  Germany North Rhine-Westphalia 1992/8/1
  Italy Tuscany 1992/9/18
  Japan Fukuoka 1992/11/4
  Pakistan Punjab 1993/12/28
  Germany Baden-Württemberg 1994/4/23
  Netherlands North Brabant 1994/9/9
  South Korea North Jeolla 1994/10/27
  Brazil Minas Gerais 1996/3/27
  Italy Veneto 1998/6/22
  Sweden Östergötland 1999/3/22
  Russia Moscow Oblast 1999/8/20
  Belgium Namur 2000/5/7
  South Africa Free state 2000/6/7
  Poland Lesser Poland 2000/11/16
  Finland Southern Finland 2001/5/11
  Colombia Atlántico 2001/6/4
  Malaysia Malacca 2002/9/18
  France Alsace 2007/05/24
  Mexico Baja California 2006/8/23
  Switzerland Lucerne 2011/4/26
  United States California 2011/7/18
  Turkey İzmir 2012/4/30
  Spain Basque 2012/4/27
  Denmark Capital Region 2015/1/30
  Belarus Mogilev 2015/5/10
  Namibia Khomas 2015/6/19

Twin towns and sister cities[60]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)[47] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.
  2. ^ This may include:

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Sources

  • Economic profile for Jiangsu at HKTDC

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 江苏.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Jiangsu.
  • Jiangsu Government website (in Chinese)
  • Jiangsu Government website (in English)
  • Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces from 1821 to 1850 (in English and Chinese)

March 24, 2023
jiangsu, ɑː, chinese, 江苏, pinyin, jiāngsū, alternatively, romanized, kiangsu, chiangsu, eastern, coastal, province, people, republic, china, leading, provinces, finance, education, technology, tourism, with, capital, nanjing, third, smallest, fifth, most, popu. Jiangsu UK dʒ ae ŋ ˈ s uː 4 US ˈ dʒ j ɑː ŋ ˈ s uː 5 Chinese 江苏 pinyin Jiangsu alternatively romanized as Kiangsu or Chiangsu is an eastern coastal province of the People s Republic of China It is one of the leading provinces in finance education technology and tourism with its capital in Nanjing Jiangsu is the third smallest but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People s Republic of China Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita of Chinese provinces and second highest GDP of Chinese provinces after Guangdong 6 Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north Anhui to the west and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1 000 kilometers 620 mi along the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province Jiangsu 江苏ProvinceName transcription s Chinese江苏省 Jiangsu Sheng AbbreviationJS 苏 pinyin Su WuKaonsu San Jiang HuaiJiang1 su1 Sen3From top to bottom left to right Zifeng Tower in Nanjing Suzhou Tiger Hill Pagoda Xuzhou TV Tower Sun Yat sen MausoleumMap showing the location of Jiangsu ProvinceCoordinates 32 54 N 119 48 E 32 9 N 119 8 E 32 9 119 8 Coordinates 32 54 N 119 48 E 32 9 N 119 8 E 32 9 119 8CountryChinaNamed for江 Jiang Jiangning now Nanjing 苏 su SuzhouCapitalNanjingLargest citySuzhouDivisions13 prefectures 106 counties 1488 townshipsGovernment TypeProvince BodyJiangsu Provincial People s Congress CCP SecretaryXin Changxing Congress chairmanXin Changxing GovernorXu Kunlin CPPCC chairmanZhang Yizhen National People s Congress Representation149 deputiesArea Total102 600 km2 39 600 sq mi Rank25thHighest elevation Mount Huaguo 625 m 2 051 ft Population 2020 1 Total84 748 016 Rank5th Density830 km2 2 100 sq mi Rank4thDemonymJiangsunese or JiangsuvianDemographics Ethnic compositionHan 99 6 Hui 0 2 160 800 Languages and dialectsMandarin Official Lower Yangtze Mandarin Wu Central Plains Mandarin MandarinISO 3166 codeCN JSGDP 2021 CNY 11 64 trillion USD 1 805 trillion 2 per capitaCNY 137 348 USD 21 294 3rd growth8 6 HDI 2019 0 803 3 very high 4th Websitewww wbr jiangsu wbr gov wbr cnJiangsuSimplified Chinese江苏Traditional Chinese江蘇PostalKiangsuLiteral meaning Jiang ning and Su zhou TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiangsuBopomofoㄐㄧㄤ ㄙㄨGwoyeu RomatzyhJiangsuWade GilesChiang1 su1IPA tɕja ŋ su WuSuzhouneseKaon souYue CantoneseYale RomanizationGōng sōuJyutpingGong1 sou1IPA kɔ ːŋ so u Southern MinTai loKang sooSince the Sui and Tang dynasties Jiangsu has been a national economic and commercial center partly due to the construction of the Grand Canal Cities such as Nanjing Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou and Shanghai separated from Jiangsu in 1927 are all major Chinese economic hubs Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1990 Jiangsu has become a focal point for economic development It is widely regarded as one of China s most developed provinces when measured by its Human Development Index HDI 3 Its 2021 nominal GDP per capita reached RMB 137 300 US 21 287 becoming the first province in China to reach 20 000 mark 7 Jiangsu is home to many of the world s leading exporters of electronic equipment chemicals and textiles 8 It has also been China s largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006 Its 2021 nominal GDP was more than RMB 11 64 trillion US 1 80 trillion which is the fifth highest of all country subdivisions 7 If it were a country it would be the tenth largest economy as of 2021 as well as the 19th most populous 9 Jiangsu is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China As of 2022 Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education ranking first of all Chinese provinces 10 Jiangsu has many highly ranked educational institutions 11 with 16 number of universities listed in the Double First Class Universities ranking second after Beijing As of 2020 two major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world s top 50 Nanjing 8th and Suzhou 45th cities by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index 12 Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Geography 4 Administrative divisions 4 1 Urban areas 5 Politics 6 Economy 7 Demographics 7 1 Religion 8 Transportation 8 1 Air 8 2 Rail 8 3 Road 8 4 Metro subway 9 Culture 10 Education 10 1 Higher education 10 1 1 Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu 10 2 Additional schools 11 Tourism 12 Sports 13 International relations 13 1 Twin Provinces 59 13 2 Twin towns and sister cities 60 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 16 1 Citations 16 2 Sources 17 External linksName EditJiangsu s name is a compound of the first elements of the names of the two cities of Jiangning now Nanjing and Suzhou The abbreviation for this province is 苏 Su the second character of its name 13 History EditDuring the earliest Chinese dynasties the area that is now Jiangsu was far away from the center of Chinese civilization which was in the northwest Henan it was home of the Huai Yi 淮夷 an ancient ethnic group During the Zhou dynasty more contact was made and eventually the state of Wu appeared in southern Jiangsu one of the many hundreds of states that existed across northern and central China at that time Near the end of the Spring and Autumn period Wu became a great power under King Helu of Wu and defeated in 484 BC the state of Qi a major power in the north in modern day Shandong province and contest for the position of overlord over all states of China The state of Wu was subjugated in 473 BC by the state of Yue another state that had emerged to the south in modern day Zhejiang province Yue was in turn subjugated by the powerful state of Chu from the west in 333 BC Eventually the state of Qin swept away all the other states and unified China in 221 BC 14 One of the tortoise stelae of Xiao Dan 478 522 a member of the Liang royal family Ganjiaxiang Qixia District near Nanjing Under the reign of the Han dynasty 206 BC to 220 AD Jiangsu was removed from the centers of civilization in the North China Plain and was administered under two zhou provinces Xu Province in the north and Yang Province in the south During the Three Kingdoms period southern Jiangsu became the base of the Eastern Wu 222 to 280 whose capital Jianye later renamed to Jiankang is modern Nanjing When nomadic invasions overran northern China in the 4th century the imperial court of the Jin dynasty moved to Jiankang Cities in southern and central Jiangsu swelled with the influx of migrants from the north Jiankang remained as the capital for four successive Southern dynasties and became the largest commercial and cultural center in China 15 The Huqiu Tower of Tiger Hill Suzhou built in 961 After the Sui dynasty united the country in 581 the political center of the country shifted back to the north but the Grand Canal was built through Jiangsu to link the Central Plain with the prosperous Yangtze Delta The Tang dynasty 618 907 relied on southern Jiangsu for annual deliveries of grain It was during the Song dynasty 960 1279 which saw the development of a wealthy mercantile class and emergent market economy in China that Jiangnan southern Jiangsu Shanghai and adjacent areas emerged as a center of trade From then onwards major cities like Suzhou or Yangzhou would be synonymous with opulence and luxury in China Today the region remains one of the richest parts of China The Jurchen Jin dynasty gained control of North China in 1127 during the Jin Song wars and Huai River which used to cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea was the border between the north under the Jin and the south under the Southern Song dynasty The Mongols took control of China in the thirteenth century The Ming dynasty which was established in 1368 after driving out the Mongols who had occupied China initially put its capital in Nanjing Regions surrounding Nanjing corresponding to Jiangsu and Anhui today were designated as the Nanzhili province literally southern directly governed Following a coup by Zhu Di later the Yongle Emperor however the capital was moved to Beijing far to the north although Nanjing kept its status as the southern capital In late Ming Jiangnan continued to be an important center of trade in China some historians see in the flourishing textiles industry at the time incipient industrialization and capitalism a trend that was however aborted The Beisi Pagoda of Suzhou built between 1131 and 1162 during the Song dynasty 76 m 249 ft tall The Qing dynasty converted Nanzhili to Jiangnan province in 1666 Jiangsu and Anhui were split apart as separate provinces Jiangsu s borders have been for the most part stable since then With the start of the Western incursion into China in the 1840s the rich and mercantile Yangtze river delta was increasingly exposed to Western influence Shanghai originally an unremarkable little town of Jiangsu quickly developed into a metropolis of trade banking and cosmopolitanism and was split out later as an independent municipality Jiangnan also figures strongly in the Taiping Rebellion 1851 1864 a massive and deadly rebellion that attempted to set up a Christian theocracy in China it started far to the south in Guangdong province swept through much of South China and by 1853 had established Nanjing as its capital renamed as Tianjing 天京 Heavenly Capital The Republic of China was established in 1912 16 and China was soon torn apart by warlords Jiangsu changed hands several times but in April 1927 Chiang Kai shek established a government at Nanking he was soon able to bring most of China under his control This was however interrupted by the second Sino Japanese War which began full scale in 1937 on December 13 1937 Nanjing fell and the combined atrocities of the occupying Japanese for the next three months would come to be known as the Nanjing Massacre Nanjing was the seat of the collaborationist government of East China under Wang Jingwei and Jiangsu remained under Japanese occupation until the end of the war in 1945 After the war Nanking was once again the capital of the Republic of China though now the Chinese Civil War had broken out between the Kuomintang government and Communist forces based further north mostly in Northeast China The decisive Huaihai Campaign was fought in northern Jiangsu it resulted in Kuomintang defeat and the communists were soon able to cross the Yangtze River and take Nanking The Kuomintang fled southward and eventually ended up in Taipei from which the Republic of China government continues to administer Taiwan Pescadores and its neighboring islands though it also continues to claim technically at least Nanjing as its rightful de jure capital After the communist takeover Peking formerly Peiping later spelled as Beijing was made capital of the People s Republic and Nanjing was demoted to be the provincial capital of Jiangsu The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping initially focused on the south coast of China in Guangdong province which soon left Jiangsu behind starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China Suzhou and Wuxi two southern cities of Jiangsu in close proximity to neighboring Shanghai have since become particularly prosperous being among the top 10 cities in China in terms of gross domestic product and outstripping the provincial capital of Nanjing The income disparity between northern and southern Jiangsu however remains large Geography Edit Population density and low elevation coastal zones in Jiangsu Jiangsu is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise Jiangsu in 1936 Tourists cross a bridge in Chengxu temple a Taoist temple which was built in 1086 1093 during the Song Dynasty Jiangsu is flat with plains covering 68 percent of its total area water covers another 18 percent Most of the province stands not more than 50 meters 160 ft above sea level Jiangsu also has a well developed irrigation system which earned it especially the southern half the moniker of traditional Chinese 水鄕 simplified Chinese 水乡 shuǐxiang land of water The southern city of Suzhou has so many canals that it has been dubbed Venice of the East or the Venice of the Orient 17 18 The Grand Canal of China cuts through Jiangsu from north to south crossing all the east west river systems Jiangsu also borders the Yellow Sea The Yangtze River the longest river of China cuts through the province in the south and reaches the East China Sea which divides the region into two parts more urban prosperous south and more poorer rural north and these two parts has a tense division 19 Mount Huaguo near the city of Lianyungang is the highest point in Jiangsu at an altitude of 625 meters 2 051 ft above sea level Large lakes in Jiangsu include Lake Tai the largest Lake Hongze Lake Gaoyou Lake Luoma and Lake Yangcheng Before 1194 A D the Huai River cut through north Jiangsu to reach the Yellow Sea The Huai River is a major river in central China and it was the traditional border between North China and South China Since 1194 A D the Yellow River further to the north changed its course several times running into the Huai River in north Jiangsu each time instead of its other usual path northwards into Bohai Bay The silting caused by the Yellow River was so heavy that after its last episode of hijacking the Huai River ended in 1855 the Huai River was no longer able to go through its usual path into the sea Instead it flooded pooled up thereby forming and enlarging Lake Hongze and Lake Gaoyou and flowed southwards through the Grand Canal into the Yangtze The old path of the Huai River is now marked by a series of irrigation channels the most significant of which is the North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal traditional Chinese 蘇北灌溉總渠 simplified Chinese 苏北灌溉总渠 which channels a small amount of the water of the Huai River alongside south of its old path into the sea Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing Most of Jiangsu has a humid subtropical climate Cfa or Cwa in the Koppen climate classification beginning to transition into a humid continental climate Koppen Dwa in the far north Seasonal changes are clear cut with temperatures at an average of 1 to 4 C 30 to 39 F in January and 26 to 29 C 79 to 84 F in July Rain falls frequently between spring and summer meiyu typhoons with rainstorms occur in late summer and early autumn As with the rest of the coast tornados are possible The annual average rainfall is 800 to 1 200 millimeters 31 to 47 in concentrated mostly in summer during the southeast monsoon Major cities 20 Nanjing Suzhou Wuxi Xuzhou Changzhou Yangzhou Lianyungang Yancheng Zhenjiang Nantong Huai an Taizhou SuqianAdministrative divisions EditMain articles List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu and List of township level divisions of Jiangsu Jiangsu is divided into thirteen prefecture level divisions all prefecture level cities including a sub provincial city Administrative divisions of Jiangsu Nanjing Wuxi Xuzhou Changzhou Suzhou Nantong Lianyungang Huai an Yancheng Yangzhou Zhenjiang Taizhou Suqian ShanghaiDivision code 21 Division Area in km2 22 Population 2020 23 Seat Divisions 24 Districts Counties CL cities320000 Jiangsu Province 102600 00 84 748 016 Nanjing city 55 19 21320100 Nanjing city 6582 31 9 314 685 Xuanwu District 11320200 Wuxi city 4787 61 7 462 135 Binhu District 5 2320300 Xuzhou city 11764 88 9 083 790 Yunlong District 5 3 2320400 Changzhou city 4384 57 5 278 121 Xinbei District 5 1320500 Suzhou city 8488 42 12 748 262 Gusu District 5 4320600 Nantong city 8001 00 7 726 635 Chongchuan District 3 1 3320700 Lianyungang city 7615 29 4 599 360 Haizhou District 3 3320800 Huai an city 9949 97 4 556 230 Qingjiangpu District 4 3320900 Yancheng city 16972 42 6 709 629 Tinghu District 3 5 1321000 Yangzhou city 6591 21 4 559 797 Hanjiang District 3 1 2321100 Zhenjiang city 3840 32 3 210 418 Jingkou District 3 3321200 Taizhou city 5787 26 4 512 762 Hailing District 3 3321300 Suqian city 8555 00 4 986 192 Sucheng District 2 3 Sub provincial cities Population distribution of Jiangsu in 2010 Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizationsEnglish Chinese Pinyin Wu Romanization Jiang Huai Langjin Pinin Jiangsu Province 江苏省 Jiangsu Sheng kaon sou san Jiang1 su1 Sen3Nanjing city 南京市 Nanjing Shi noe cin zy Lang2 jin1 Shr4Wuxi city 无锡市 Wuxi Shi vu sih zy U2 si5 Shr4Xuzhou city 徐州市 Xuzhōu Shi zi tseu zy Su2 zhou1 Shr4Changzhou city 常州市 Changzhōu Shi zan tseu zy Chang2 zhou1 Shr4Suzhou city 苏州市 Suzhōu Shi sou tseu zy Su1 zhou1 Shr4Nantong city 南通市 Nantōng Shi noe thon zy Lang2 tong1 Shr4Lianyungang city 连云港市 Lianyungǎng Shi lie yuin kaon zy Lian2 uin2 gang3 Shr4Huai an city 淮安市 Huai an Shi wa oe zy Hua2 ang1 Shr4Yancheng city 盐城市 Yancheng Shi yie zen zy Ian2 chen2 Shr4Yangzhou city 扬州市 Yangzhōu Shi yan tseu zy Iang2 zhou1 Shr4Zhenjiang city 镇江市 Zhenjiang Shi tsen kaon zy Zhen4 jang1 Shr4Taizhou city 泰州市 Taizhōu Shi tha tseu zy Ta4 zhou1 Shr4Suqian city 宿迁市 Suqian Shi soh tshie zy Su5 cian1 Shr4These prefecture level cities are in turn subdivided into 98 county level divisions 55 districts 21 county level cities and 20 counties Those are in turn divided into 1 488 township level divisions 1 078 towns 122 townships one ethnic township and 287 subdistricts At the end of the year 2017 the total population is 80 29 million 1 Urban areas Edit Population by urban areas of prefecture amp county cities City Urban area 25 District area 25 City proper 25 Census date1 Nanjing a 5 827 888 7 165 292 8 003 744 2010 11 01 1 Nanjing new districts a 410 298 838 452 see Nanjing 2010 11 012 Suzhou b 3 302 152 4 072 081 10 459 890 2010 11 01 2 Suzhou new district b 781 771 1 273 880 see Suzhou 2010 11 013 Wuxi 2 757 736 3 543 719 6 374 399 2010 11 014 Changzhou c 2 257 376 3 290 918 4 592 431 2010 11 01 4 Changzhou new district c 275 185 551 991 see Changzhou 2010 11 015 Xuzhou d 1 735 166 1 967 214 8 577 225 2010 11 01 5 Xuzhou new district d 479 629 1 086 564 see Xuzhou 2010 11 016 Nantong 1 612 385 2 274 113 7 283 622 2010 11 017 Huai an e 1 523 655 2 635 406 4 801 662 2010 11 01 7 Huai an new district e 146 359 326 459 see Huai an 2010 11 018 Yancheng f 1 136 826 1 615 836 7 262 200 2010 11 01 8 Yancheng new district f 347 389 706 662 see Yancheng 2010 11 019 Kunshan 1 118 617 1 644 860 see Suzhou 2010 11 0110 Yangzhou g 1 077 531 1 392 563 4 460 066 2010 11 01 10 Yangzhou new district g 506 706 1 006 372 see Yangzhou 2010 11 0111 Jiangyin 1 013 670 1 595 138 see Wuxi 2010 11 0112 Zhenjiang 950 516 1 200 760 3 114 105 2010 11 0113 Changshu 929 124 1 510 453 see Suzhou 2010 11 0114 Lianyungang h 897 393 1 050 523 4 393 482 2010 11 01 14 Lianyungang new district h 413 809 950 486 see Lianyungang 2010 11 0115 Suqian 783 376 1 437 685 4 719 178 2010 11 0116 Zhangjiagang 762 625 1 246 762 see Suzhou 2010 11 0117 Yixing 710 497 1 235 542 see Wuxi 2010 11 0118 Taizhou i 676 877 878 463 4 618 937 2010 11 01 18 Taizhou new district i 376 724 728 645 see Taizhou 2010 11 0119 Pizhou 631 572 1 458 038 see Xuzhou 2010 11 0120 Rugao 614 909 1 267 066 see Nantong 2010 11 0121 Xinghua 575 288 1 253 548 see Taizhou 2010 11 0122 Taixing 553 079 1 073 921 see Taizhou 2010 11 0123 Danyang 500 572 960 662 see Zhenjiang 2010 11 0124 Dongtai 489 815 990 306 see Yancheng 2010 11 0125 Qidong 479 243 972 525 see Nantong 2010 11 0126 Haimen 453 781 907 598 see Nantong 2010 11 0127 Taicang 435 225 711 854 see Suzhou 2010 11 01 28 Hai an j 424 900 866 337 see Nantong 2010 11 0129 Xinyi 402 169 920 628 see Xuzhou 2010 11 0130 Jingjiang 388 119 684 360 see Taizhou 2010 11 0131 Liyang 368 409 749 522 see Changzhou 2010 11 0132 Gaoyou 341 069 744 685 see Yangzhou 2010 11 0133 Jurong 299 033 617 706 see Zhenjiang 2010 11 0134 Yizheng 271 969 564 021 see Yangzhou 2010 11 0135 Yangzhong 179 771 334 977 see Zhenjiang 2010 11 01 a b New districts established after census Lishui Lishui County Gaochun Gaochun County These new districts not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Wujiang Wujiang CLC The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Jintan Jintan CLC The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Tongshan Tongshan County The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Hongze Hongze County The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Dafeng Dafeng CLC The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Jiangdu Jiangdu CLC The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Ganyu Ganyu County The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city a b New district established after census Jiangyan Jiangyan CLC The new district not included in the urban area amp district area count of the pre expanded city Hai an County is currently known as Hai an CLC after census Most populous cities in Jiangsu Source China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population 26 Rank Pop Rank Pop Nanjing Suzhou 1 Nanjing 6 572 000 11 Taizhou 967 600 Wuxi Changzhou2 Suzhou 3 572 500 12 Zhenjiang 888 5003 Wuxi 2 588 400 13 Suqian 823 9004 Changzhou 2 340 700 14 Kunshan 527 4005 Xuzhou 2 066 900 15 Yixing 510 4006 Nantong 1 634 100 16 Changshu 436 5007 Huai an 1 604 500 17 Pizhou 405 0008 Yancheng 1 342 700 18 Zhangjiagang 384 0009 Yangzhou 1 219 400 19 Jiangyin 382 50010 Lianyungang 1 102 000 20 Danyang 364 400Politics EditMain articles Politics of Jiangsu and List of provincial leaders of the People s Republic of China The politics of Jiangsu is structured in a one party Communist government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China The Governor of Jiangsu is the highest ranking official in the People s Government of Jiangsu However in the province s dual party government governing system the Governor has less power than the Jiangsu Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary colloquially termed the Jiangsu CCP Party Chief Economy Edit An industrial landscape in Ganjiaxiang Qixia District Nanjing As of 2021 Jiangsu had a gross domestic product GDP in nominal of RMB 11 64 trillion US 1 80 trillion 27 the second highest in China after Guangdong Its GDP is greater than those of South Korea and Russia which are the world s 10th and 11th largest economies respectively 28 Jiangsu s GDP by nominal is greater than the GDPs of all other BRICS states except India 29 In 2021 Jiangsu s economy by Purchasing Power Parity reached US 2 83 trillion making it the 3rd largest of any country subdivision globally behind California and Guangdong 30 Jiangsu s economy in PPP also exceeded that of Italy with a GDP PPP of US 2 71 trillion the 11th largest in the world 31 Jiangsu is very wealthy among the provinces of China Its 2021 nominal GDP per capita reached RMB 137 300 US 21 287 becoming the first province in China to reach 20 000 mark 7 Cities like Nanjing Suzhou and Wuxi have GDPs per capita around twice the provincial average making south Jiangsu one of the most prosperous regions in China The province has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture which is based primarily on rice and wheat followed by maize and sorghum Main cash crops include cotton soybeans peanuts rapeseed sesame ambary hemp and tea Other products include peppermint spearmint bamboo medicinal herbs apples pears peaches loquats ginkgo Silkworms form an important part of Jiangsu s agriculture with the Lake Tai region to the south a major base of silk production in China Jiangsu is an important producer of freshwater fish and other aquatic products Jiangsu has coal petroleum and natural gas deposits but its most significant mineral products are non metal minerals such as halite rock salt sulfur phosphorus and marble The city of Xuzhou is a coal hub of China The salt mines of Huaiyin have more than 0 4 trillion tonnes of deposits one of the greatest collections of deposits in China Jiangsu is historically oriented toward light industries such as textiles and food industry Since 1949 Jiangsu has developed heavy industries such as chemical industry and construction materials Jiangsu s important industries include machinery electronic chemicals and automobile 32 33 The government has worked hard to promote the solar industry and hoped by 2012 the solar industry would be worth 100 billion RMB 34 Jiangsu s economy growth has directly benefited from the reform Chinese s policies and its growth trajectory reflects that of many other coastal provinces such as Zhejiang and Shandong 35 The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping have greatly benefited southern cities especially Suzhou and Wuxi which outstrip the provincial capital Nanjing in total output In the eastern outskirts of Suzhou Singapore has built the Suzhou Industrial Park a flagship of Sino Singaporean cooperation and the only industrial park in China that is in its entirety the investment of a single foreign country Jiangsu contains over 100 different economic and technological development zones devoted to different types of investments 36 Demographics EditHistorical populationYearPop 1912 37 32 283 000 1928 38 34 126 000 5 7 1936 37 39 36 469 000 6 9 1947 40 36 080 000 1 1 1954 41 41 252 192 14 3 1964 42 44 504 608 7 9 1982 43 60 521 114 36 0 1990 44 67 056 519 10 8 2000 45 73 043 577 8 9 2010 46 78 659 903 7 7 Shanghai was part of Jiangsu Province until 1927 Nanjing part of Jiangsu Province until 1927 dissolved in 1952 and incorporated into Jiangsu Province The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic Han Chinese Other minorities include the Hui and the Manchus Demographic indicators in 2000Population 74 058 million urban 34 637 million rural 39 421 million 2003 Birth rate 9 04 per 1000 2003 Death rate 7 03 per 1000 2003 Sex ratio 102 55 males per 100 females Average family size 3 25 Han Chinese proportion 99 64 Literacy rate 97 88 Religion Edit Religion in Jiangsu 47 note 1 Chinese ancestral religion 16 67 Christianity 2 64 Other religions or not religious people note 2 80 69 The predominant religions in Jiangsu are Chinese folk religions Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009 16 67 of the population believes and is involved in cults of ancestors while 2 64 of the population identifies as Christian 47 The reports didn t give figures for other types of religion 80 69 of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities Buddhism Confucianism Taoism folk religious sects and small minorities of Muslims In 2010 there are 130 757 Muslims in Jiangsu 48 Altar of the Three Pure Ones at the Temple of Zhenwu in Yangzhou Xiangfu Buddhist Temple in Wuxi Main courtyard of the Temple of Tianfei in Nanjing Transportation EditJiangsu is home to one of the most extensive transportation networks in China Air Edit Nanjing Lukou International Airport IATA NKG serves as the major airport in the province with flights to Tokyo Osaka Hong Kong Seoul Incheon Frankfurt Bangkok Milan Vancouver and Los Angeles Other passenger airports include Sunan Shuofang International Airport Changzhou Benniu Airport Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport and Nantong Xingdong Airport Air traffic in the populated Suzhou area is often diverted to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport to which Suzhou is conveniently connected to via bus services and by expressway Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport Yancheng Nanyang International Airport and Lianyungang Baitabu Airport serve as hubs in northern Jiangsu Rail Edit Main article Railways in Jiangsu The southern part of the province namely the Shanghai Nanjing corridor has very high frequency rail services Jiangsu is in route of the Jinghu railway from Beijing to Shanghai as well as the high speed line between the two cities Shanghai Nanjing intercity railway and Beijing Shanghai high speed railway completed in 2010 and 2011 respectively Since the completion of the Beijing Shanghai high speed line travel time between Beijing and Nanjing has been reduced to approximately four hours from eleven hours previously travel time between Nanjing and Shanghai on the fastest high speed trains takes just over an hour As of 2022 all major cities in Jiangsu have been connected by high speed lines including Shanghai Nanjing intercity railway since 2010 Beijing Shanghai high speed railway since 2011 Nanjing Hangzhou high speed railway since 2013 Nanjing Anqing intercity railway since 2015 Lianyungang Zhenjiang high speed railway since 2020 Xuzhou Yancheng high speed railway since 2019 Yancheng Nantong high speed railway since 2020 Shanghai Suzhou Nantong railway since 2020 and Lianyungang Xuzhou high speed railway since 2021 Road Edit Jiangsu s road network is one of the most developed in the country 49 The Beijing Shanghai Expressway G2 enters the province from the north and passes through Huai an Yangzhou Taizhou and Wuxi on the way to Shanghai travelling from Shanghai westbound G2 forks at Wuxi and continues onto Nanjing separately as G42 the Shanghai Nanjing Expressway which serves the widely travelled southern corridor of the province The Ningchang Expressway links Nanjing with Changzhou The Suzhou area is extensively networked with expressways going in all directions The Yanhai Expressway links the coastal regions of the province passing through Nantong Yancheng and Lianyungang Historically the province was divided by the Yangtze River into northern and southern regions The first bridge across the river in Jiangsu the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution The second bridge crossing Jiangyin Bridge opened 30 years later at Jiangyin As of October 2014 there were 11 cross Yangtze bridges in the province including the five in Nanjing which also has two cross river tunnels The Jiangyin Bridge 1 385 m 4 544 ft Runyang Bridge opened in 2005 connecting Yangzhou and Zhenjiang 1 490 m 4 890 ft and Fourth Nanjing Bridge opened in 2012 1 418 m 4 652 ft all rank among the ten longest suspension bridges in the world The Sutong Bridge opened in 2008 connecting Nantong and Changshu has one of the longest cable stayed bridge spans in the world at 1 088 m 3 570 ft Metro subway Edit As of December 2022 Jiangsu has six cities that have operational subway systems together with an extra city Huai an currently under construction These six cities are Nanjing Suzhou Wuxi Changzhou Xuzhou and Nantong The Nanjing Metro was opened in September 2005 It was the sixth city in Mainland China that opened up a metro system As of December 2019 the city currently has 11 metro lines Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 10 Line S1 Line S3 Line S6 Line S7 Line S8 and Line S9 with several extra ones i e Line 5 under construction The Suzhou Rail Transit also known as the Suzhou Metro was opened in April 2012 As of October 2022 it currently has five operational lines Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 and Line 5 It also has four other lines under construction Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line S1 and 11 lines under planning Lines 9 10 11 through 16 Line 18 Line 20 Line S4 Line S5 Currently under construction lines are expected to be operational by 2024 and planned lines are expected to be operational by 2035 The Wuxi Metro was opened in July 2014 The system is currently composed of four operational lines by 2022 Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 and Line 4 It also has two other lines under construction Line S1 and an extension of Line 4 The Changzhou Metro was opened in September 2019 The system currently only has two lines operational Line 1 and Line 2 The Xuzhou Metro was opened in September 2019 a few days after the Changzhou Metro started operations The system currently only has three lines operational Line 1 Line 2 and Line 3 The Nantong Metro was opened in November 2022 It has one operating line Line 1 and another line under construction Line 2 50 The Huai an Metro also known as the Huai an Rail System began construction in November 2018 There are seven lines planned Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line S1 and Line S2 It is expected to start operations before 2025 Culture EditThe four mass migrations in the 4th 8th 12th and 14th centuries had been influential in shaping the regional culture of Jiangsu According to dialects and the other factors the province can be roughly segmented four major cultural subdivisions Wu 吴 Jinling 金陵 Huaiyang 淮扬 and Xuhuai 徐淮 from southeast to northwest citation needed The belts of transition blurred the boundaries 51 52 53 Group Wuyue Lower Yangtze Central PlainsDesignation Wu Jinling Huaiyang XuhuaiMajor dialect Wu Chinese Lower Yangtze Mandarin Lower Yangtze Mandarin Central Plains MandarinCore Suzhou Nanjing Yangzhou Xuzhou The Humble Administrator s Garden one of the classical gardens of Suzhou Jiangsu is rich in cultural traditions Kunqu originating in Kunshan is one of the most renowned and prestigious forms of Chinese opera 54 citation needed Pingtan a form of storytelling accompanied by music is also popular it can be subdivided into types by origin Suzhou Pingtan of Suzhou Yangzhou Pingtan of Yangzhou and Nanjing Pingtan of Nanjing Wuxi opera a form of traditional Chinese opera is popular in Wuxi while Huaiju is popular further north around Yancheng Jiangsu cuisine is one of the eight great traditions of the cuisine of China Suzhou is also well known for its silk Chinese embroidery jasmine tea stone bridges pagodas and classical gardens Nearby Yixing is noted for its teaware while Yangzhou is known for its lacquerware and jadeware Nanjing s yunjin is a noted type of woven silk Since ancient times south Jiangsu has been famed for its prosperity and opulence and simply inserting south Jiangsu place names Suzhou Yangzhou etc into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess citation needed as was indeed done by many famous poets In particular the fame of Suzhou as well as Hangzhou in neighbouring Zhejiang has led to the popular saying 上有天堂 下有蘇杭 above there is heaven below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities Similarly the prosperity of Yangzhou has led poets to dream of 腰纏十萬貫 騎鶴下揚州 with a hundred thousand strings of coins wrapped around its waist a crane landed in Yangzhou Education EditHigher education Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu and Project 211 As of 2022 Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education ranking first of all Chinese provinces 55 There are two Project 985 11 Project 211 and 16 Double First Class universities in the province A combination of 93 members of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering work in Jiangsu 56 As of 2020 two major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world s top 50 Nanjing 8th and Suzhou 45th cities by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index 57 Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu Edit Jiangsu 16 Nanjing 13 China Pharmaceutical University Hohai University Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Normal University Nanjing University Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing University of Science and Technology Southeast UniversityWuxi Jiangnan UniversitySuzhou Soochow UniversityXuzhou China University of Mining and TechnologyOther Major Research Universities in Jiangsu Jiangsu University Jiangsu Normal University Yangzhou University Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Changzhou University Nantong University Suzhou University of Science and Technology Nanjing Institute of Technology Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyAdditional schools Edit Nanjing Jinling High School Tianyi middle School Xishan Senior High School Qianhuang Senior High School School of Foreign Languages and Cultures of NNUTourism EditNanjing was the capital of several Chinese dynasties and contains a variety of historic sites such as the Purple Mountain Purple Mountain Observatory the Sun Yat sen Mausoleum Ming dynasty city wall and gates Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum the mausoleum of the first Ming Emperor Hongwu Emperor Xuanwu Lake Jiming Temple the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Nanjing Confucius Temple Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge and the Nanjing Zoo along with its circus Suzhou is renowned for its classical gardens designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as well as the Hanshan Temple and Huqiu Tower Nearby is the water town of Zhouzhuang an international tourist destination with Venice like waterways bridges and dwellings which have been preserved over centuries Yangzhou is known for Slender West Lake Wuxi is known for being the home of the world s tallest Buddha statue In the north Xuzhou is designated as one of China s eminent historical cities The official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu 58 was set up in 2008 Lion Garden in Suzhou Grand Buddha at Ling Shan Wuxi Chaotian Palace Qixia Temple Tianning Temple Pagoda Tombs of Southern Tang Emperor Yangzhong Puffer FishSports Edit Nanjing Olympic Sports Center Professional sports teams in Jiangsu include Chinese Super League Kunshan F C Nantong Zhiyun F C China League One Nanjing City F C Suzhou Dongwu F C China League Two Wuxi Wugo F C Chinese Basketball Association Jiangsu Dragons Nanjing Monkey King Chinese Volleyball League Jiangsu Zenith Steel China Baseball League Jiangsu PegasusInternational relations EditTwin Provinces 59 Edit Country State Province Time Australia Victoria 1979 11 18 Japan Aichi 1980 7 28 North Korea Kangwon 1984 11 8 Canada Ontario 1985 11 21 United States New York 1989 4 21 United Kingdom Essex 1992 7 16 Germany North Rhine Westphalia 1992 8 1 Italy Tuscany 1992 9 18 Japan Fukuoka 1992 11 4 Pakistan Punjab 1993 12 28 Germany Baden Wurttemberg 1994 4 23 Netherlands North Brabant 1994 9 9 South Korea North Jeolla 1994 10 27 Brazil Minas Gerais 1996 3 27 Italy Veneto 1998 6 22 Sweden Ostergotland 1999 3 22 Russia Moscow Oblast 1999 8 20 Belgium Namur 2000 5 7 South Africa Free state 2000 6 7 Poland Lesser Poland 2000 11 16 Finland Southern Finland 2001 5 11 Colombia Atlantico 2001 6 4 Malaysia Malacca 2002 9 18 France Alsace 2007 05 24 Mexico Baja California 2006 8 23 Switzerland Lucerne 2011 4 26 United States California 2011 7 18 Turkey Izmir 2012 4 30 Spain Basque 2012 4 27 Denmark Capital Region 2015 1 30 Belarus Mogilev 2015 5 10 Namibia Khomas 2015 6 19Twin towns and sister cities 60 Edit Nanjing with Aichi Japan 61 See also Edit China portalMajor national historical and cultural sites in Jiangsu Jiangsu Hong Kong Personnel Training Cooperation ProgrammeNotes Edit The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey CGSS of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey CSLS of 2007 reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang 2015 47 in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures Christian churches and the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage i e people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into lineage churches and ancestral shrines Data for other religions with a significant presence in China deity cults Buddhism Taoism folk religious sects Islam et al was not reported by Wang This may include Buddhists Confucians Deity worshippers Taoists Members of folk religious sects Small minorities of Muslims And people not bounded to nor practicing any institutional or diffuse religion References EditCitations Edit Communique of the Seventh National Population Census No 3 National Bureau of Statistics of China May 11 2021 Retrieved May 11 2021 2022江苏两会丨 稳 步前行 扛起新使命谱写新篇章 jswx gov cn in Chinese January 20 2022 Retrieved July 20 2022 a b Sub national HDI Subnational HDI Global Data Lab globaldatalab org Retrieved December 31 2021 Jiangsu Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on May 18 2021 Jiangsu Merriam Webster Dictionary 赵婷婷 Top 10 regions with highest GDP in China 2 Chinadaily com cn ChinaDaily com cn Archived from the original on October 28 2016 Retrieved January 22 2017 a b c Decoding China s 2021 GDP Growth Rate A Look at Regional Numbers China Briefing News February 7 2022 Retrieved September 13 2022 China provinces to be bigger than Russia FT com Archived from the original on April 6 2012 Retrieved January 22 2017 GDP current US 2021 Data data worldbank org Retrieved September 13 2022 Jiangsu authorities recount achievements in higher education field over past decade Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education September 2 2022 Retrieved September 14 2022 ShanghaiRanking s Best Chinese Universities Ranking www shanghairanking com Retrieved September 14 2022 Top 200 science cities Nature Index 2020 Science Cities Supplements Nature Index www nature com Retrieved November 6 2022 in Chinese Origin of the Names of China s Provinces Archived 2016 04 27 at the Wayback Machine People s Daily Online in Chinese Jiangsu province China Britannica com Archived from the original on May 14 2014 Retrieved January 22 2017 管玉春 六代繁华帝王都 东晋 南朝的都城 建康 in Simplified Chinese June 24 2009 Archived from the original on January 4 2015 Retrieved January 4 2015 Republic of China 1912 AD 1949 AD China culture cultural china com Archived from the original on October 18 2016 Retrieved January 22 2017 Suzhou Venice in the Orient China Travel Guide Uvista com Archived from the original on May 12 2013 Retrieved March 26 2013 Nikonians Photo Galleries Venice of the East Images nikonians org Archived from the original on December 6 2013 Retrieved March 26 2013 Jiangsu New York s China Sister Archived 2018 12 15 at the Wayback Machine New York Times 2009 04 27 Cities and Towns in Jiangsu Jiangsu net Archived from the original on December 5 2016 Retrieved January 22 2017 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 in Simplified Chinese Ministry of Civil Affairs Archived from the original on April 2 2015 Retrieved December 11 2015 Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics 深圳统计年鉴2014 in Simplified Chinese China Statistics Print Archived from the original on May 12 2015 Retrieved May 29 2015 江苏省人民政府 数据发布 江苏省第七次全国人口普查公报 第二号 www jiangsu gov cn Retrieved January 21 2022 Ministry of Civil Affairs August 2014 中国民政统计年鉴2014 in Simplified Chinese China Statistics Print ISBN 978 7 5037 7130 9 a b c 中国2010年人口普查分县资料 Compiled by 国务院人口普查办公室 Department of Population Census of the State Council 国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 Department of Population and Social Science and Statistics National Bureau of Statistics Beijing China Statistics Print 2012 ISBN 978 7 5037 6659 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development of the People s Republic of China MOHURD 2019 中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 in Chinese Beijing China Statistic Publishing House Archived from the original on July 18 2020 Retrieved November 30 2021 Decoding China s 2021 GDP Growth Rate A Look at Regional Numbers China Briefing News February 7 2022 Retrieved September 13 2022 GDP current US Korea Rep Russian Federation Data data worldbank org Retrieved September 13 2022 GDP current US Russian Federation Brazil South Africa India Data data worldbank org Retrieved September 13 2022 Global Wealth PPP Distribution Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy Full Size www visualcapitalist com Retrieved September 13 2022 GDP PPP current international Italy Data data worldbank org Retrieved September 14 2022 Jiangsu Province Economic News and Statistics for Jiangsu s Economy Thechinaperspective com Archived from the original on May 11 2013 Retrieved March 26 2013 Country Profile Jiangsu province People s Daily Online English peopledaily com cn Archived from the original on May 27 2013 Retrieved March 26 2013 The China Perspective http thechinaperspective com articles jiangsusettoreacha100bphotovoltaicindustry6597 index html Archived 2009 11 19 at the Wayback Machine Wei Yehua Dennis Fan C Cindy September 17 2010 Regional Inequality in China A Case Study of Jiangsu Province The Professional Geographer 52 3 455 469 doi 10 1111 0033 0124 00238 S2CID 11030401 Search Results Economic and Technological Development Zones in Jiangsu Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Retrieved May 10 2016 1912年中国人口 Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved March 6 2014 1928年中国人口 Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved March 6 2014 1936 37年中国人口 Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved March 6 2014 1947年全国人口 Archived from the original on September 13 2013 Retrieved March 6 2014 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on August 5 2009 第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on September 14 2012 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on May 10 2012 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九 年人口普查主要数据的公报 National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on June 19 2012 现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on August 29 2012 Communique of the National Bureau of Statistics of People s Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census National Bureau of Statistics of China Archived from the original on July 27 2013 a b c China General Social Survey 2009 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey CSLS 2007 Report by Xiuhua Wang 2015 p 15 Archived 2015 09 25 at the Wayback Machine Muslim in China Muslim Population amp Distribution amp Minority in China topchinatravel com Retrieved August 16 2021 Jiangsu Chamber of International Commerce coicjs org Archived from the original on April 17 2016 Retrieved January 22 2017 南通轨道交通 www ntrailway com Retrieved December 7 2022 江苏省地方志 文化 jssdfz jiangsu gov cn Archived from the original on December 31 2017 Retrieved December 31 2017 Jiangsu Provincial Geography in Chinese Beijing Beijing Normal University Publishing Group 2011 ISBN 9787303131686 江苏省2001 2010年文化大省建设规划纲要 淮安宣传网 中共淮安市委宣传部主办 xcb huaian gov cn Huai an People s Government Archived from the original on December 31 2017 Retrieved December 31 2017 Luxembourg China Collection China Collection Online Gallery Discover Asia Geography Provinces 4 www china art collection com Archived from the original on February 28 2018 Retrieved February 28 2018 List of National 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Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jiangsu amp oldid 1144319433, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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