Central Dusun, also known as Bunduliwan (Dusun: Boros Dusun), is one of the more widespread languages spoken by the Dusun (including Kadazan) peoples of Sabah, Malaysia.
What is termed as Central Dusun (or simply Dusun) and Coastal Kadazan (or simply Kadazan) are deemed to be highly mutually intelligible to one other; many consider these to be part of a single language.
Under the efforts of the Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah, in 1995, the central Bundu-Liwan dialect was selected to serve as the basis for a standardised "Kadazandusun" language.[2][3] This dialect, spoken in the Bundu and Liwan valleys of the Crocker Range (now parts of the present-day districts of Ranau, Tambunan and Keningau), was selected as it was deemed to be the most mutually intelligible when conversing with other "Dusun" or "Kadazan" dialects.
Alphabet and pronunciation
Dusun is written using the Latin alphabet using 22 characters (the letters C, E, F, Q, and X are used in loanwords):
Semivowels /w j/ and rhotic /r/ only occur in most of the other dialects of the Dusun/Kadazan languages. Forschner (1978) and Antonissen (1958) list two fricatives /v z/ for the Rungus and Penampang Kadazan dialects. [x] is also listed as an allophone of /k/ in word-medial position.[4]
Some combinations of vowels do not form diphthongs and each vowel retains its separate sound: ⟨ao⟩ ⟨ia⟩ ⟨iu⟩ ⟨ui⟩ ⟨ue⟩. In some words ⟨aa⟩ is not a diphthong, and this is indicated by an apostrophe between the two vowels: a'a.
Grammar
Personal pronouns
Tindal Dusun[5] has a Philippine-type focus system of syntax that makes one particular noun phrase in a sentence the most prominent. This prominent, focused noun phrase does not need to be the subject or the agent of the clause. In clauses with pronouns, the verbal morphology and the pronoun both indicate focus. If the verb carries actor focus morphology, the actor of the clause will therefore be a nominative pronoun (or, rarely, an emphatic pronoun). Any other noun phrase in the clause will necessarily take pronouns from a different set, as only one noun phrase can be in focus in any given clause.
The names for the days of the week are mostly based on a simple numerical sequence, which is commonly used for media and newspapers.[citation needed] The names of Dusun days as part of the seven-day week derive from the life cycle of a butterfly.
1 1Tontok di timpuun i' om wonsoyo' nod Kinorohingan o tawan om pomogunan.2Aiso' po suang do pomogunan, om aiso' o poimpasi; om noolitan di rahat dot opuhod, om odondom o kotuongo'. Nga' mintongkop i' i Rusod do Kinorohingan do hiri'd soibau di waig.3Om pomoros no o Kinorohingan do poingkaa, "Nawau no," ka – om haro noddi o tanawau.4Om kokito nod Kinorohingan dot osonong i tanawau, om potongkiado' no dau i tanawau do mantad id totuong.5Om pungaranai nod Kinorohingan do "Dangadau" i tanawau, om "Dongotuong" i totuong. Om korikot no sosodopon om korikot nogiddi kosuabon – iri no tadau do koiso'.[10]
Austronesian languages comparison table
This section should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's multilingual support templates may also be used.See why.(November 2022)
Below is a table of Dusun and other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words.
^"Official Language & Dialects". Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
^Lasimbang, Rita; Kinajil, Trixie (2004). "Building Terminology in the Kadazandusun Language". Current Issues in Language Planning. 5 (2): 131–141. doi:10.1080/13683500408668253.
^Miller, Carolyn (1993). "Kadazan/Dusun Phonology Revisited". In Boutin, Michael E.; Pekkanen, Inka (eds.). Phonological Descriptions of Sabah Languages: Studies from Ten Languages: Bonggi, Ida'an, Kadazan/Dusun, Kalabuan, Kimaragang, Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan, Lotud, Tagal, Tatana', Tombonuwo. Sabah Museum Monograph, Vol. 4. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah State Museum. pp. 1–14.
^Robinson, Laura C. (2005). A Sketch Grammar of Tindal Dusun(PDF). Working Papers in Linguistics, 36(5). University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
^ abKementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2008). Puralan Boros Kadazandusun id Sikul (in Central Dusun). Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum.
^Minah Sintian (2019). Struktur Binaan Ayat Bahasa Kadazandusun dan Bahasa Melayu: Satu Pengenalan [Kadazandusun and Malay Language Structural Sentence Construction: An Introduction]. Paper presented at the Seminar Antarabangsa Susastera, Bahasa dan Budaya Nusantara (SUTERA) 2019, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pusat Penyelidikan Langkawi UKM, 1–2 August 2019 (in Malay) – via ResearchGate.
^ abPrice, Daniel Charles (2007). Bundu Dusun Sketch Grammar (in English and Central Dusun). Crawley: University of Western Australia.
^ abTatak Barambang (18 August 2016). "Ondomo do tikid tadauwulan tulun Kadazandusun". Utusan Borneo (in Central Dusun). Retrieved 22 December 2021 – via PressReader.
^Buuk do Kinorohingan: Habar dot Osonong (in Central Dusun). Petaling Jaya: Pertubuhan Bible Malaysia. 2007. ISBN978-983-030-117-4.
External links
Dusun language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
Collection of Central Dusun sentences at tatoeba.org
Collection of Central Dusun sentences with audio at tatoeba.org
February 20, 2023
dusun, language, this, article, needs, editing, compliance, with, wikipedia, manual, style, please, help, improve, october, 2020, learn, when, remove, this, template, message, central, dusun, also, known, bunduliwan, dusun, boros, dusun, more, widespread, lang. This article needs editing for compliance with Wikipedia s Manual of Style Please help improve it if you can October 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Central Dusun also known as Bunduliwan Dusun Boros Dusun is one of the more widespread languages spoken by the Dusun including Kadazan peoples of Sabah Malaysia Central DusunBoros DusunBunduliwanNative toMalaysia BruneiRegionSabah and Federal Territory of LabuanEthnicityDusun people Kadazan people Ethnic population 600 000 2010 1 Native speakers260 000 Central Dusun 2010 1 Language familyAustronesian Malayo PolynesianNorth BorneanSouthwest SabahanDusunicDusunCentral DusunLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code dtp class extiw title iso639 3 dtp dtp a Glottologcent2100 Contents 1 Kadazandusun language standardisation 2 Alphabet and pronunciation 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 Grammar 3 1 Personal pronouns 3 2 Sentence structure 4 Vocabulary 5 Examples 5 1 Genesis 1 1 5 6 Austronesian languages comparison table 7 References 8 External linksKadazandusun language standardisation EditWhat is termed as Central Dusun or simply Dusun and Coastal Kadazan or simply Kadazan are deemed to be highly mutually intelligible to one other many consider these to be part of a single language Under the efforts of the Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah in 1995 the central Bundu Liwan dialect was selected to serve as the basis for a standardised Kadazandusun language 2 3 This dialect spoken in the Bundu and Liwan valleys of the Crocker Range now parts of the present day districts of Ranau Tambunan and Keningau was selected as it was deemed to be the most mutually intelligible when conversing with other Dusun or Kadazan dialects Alphabet and pronunciation EditDusun is written using the Latin alphabet using 22 characters the letters C E F Q and X are used in loanwords A B D G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y ZThese characters together are called Pimato Consonants Edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalNasal m n ŋPlosive voiceless p t k ʔvoiced b d ɡFricative s hRhotic rLateral lApproximant w jSemivowels w j and rhotic r only occur in most of the other dialects of the Dusun Kadazan languages Forschner 1978 and Antonissen 1958 list two fricatives v z for the Rungus and Penampang Kadazan dialects x is also listed as an allophone of k in word medial position 4 Vowels Edit The vowels are divided into Simple vowels i u a o Diphthongs aa ai sometimes pronounced e ii oi uu Some combinations of vowels do not form diphthongs and each vowel retains its separate sound ao ia iu ui ue In some words aa is not a diphthong and this is indicated by an apostrophe between the two vowels a a Grammar EditPersonal pronouns Edit Tindal Dusun 5 has a Philippine type focus system of syntax that makes one particular noun phrase in a sentence the most prominent This prominent focused noun phrase does not need to be the subject or the agent of the clause In clauses with pronouns the verbal morphology and the pronoun both indicate focus If the verb carries actor focus morphology the actor of the clause will therefore be a nominative pronoun or rarely an emphatic pronoun Any other noun phrase in the clause will necessarily take pronouns from a different set as only one noun phrase can be in focus in any given clause Tindal pronouns Gloss Nominative Genitive Oblique Emphatic1sg oku ku doho joho2sg ko nu diaʔ jaʔ3sg isio disio dow isio1in toko jatiʔ1ex jahaj jahɛː dahɛː jahɛː2pl jokow dokow jokow3pl joloʔ dioloʔ joloʔKadazandusun pronouns 6 Gloss Emphatic Nominative Genitive Oblique1sg yoku oku ku doho1du yato iyahai kito iyahai ikoi dato dahai1pl yotokou tokou dotokou2sg ika ia ko ika ia nu dia dika2pl ikoyu kou dikoyu3sg m isio disido dau3sg f isido dosido dau3pl yolo dioloSentence structure Edit A typical Dusun sentence is VSO 7 PoposidangdryokuIparai ricePoposidang oku parai dry I riceI dry rice It is however possible for a grammatically correct Dusun sentence to be SVO Oinsananalltangaanakchildrensikulschoolnonuangivendo uniform uniformOinsanan tangaanak sikul nonuan do uniform all children school given uniformAll students have been given uniforms Vocabulary EditNumerals 8 English Dusunone isotwo duothree tolufour apatfive limosix onomseven turueight walunine siamten hopodhundred hatusthousand soriongTo form numbers such as fifty or sixty a multiplier is combined with a positional unit tens hundreds thousands etc using no toluthreenoalreadyhopodtentolu no hopodthree already tenthirty Separate units are combined with om soriong1000omandturusevennoalreadyhatus100omandduotwonoalreadyhopodtenomandsiamninesoriong om turu no hatus om duo no hopod om siam1000 and seven already 100 and two already ten and nineone thousand seven hundred and twenty nine Months 9 English DusunJanuary MilatokFebruary MansakMarch GomotApril NgiopMay MikatJune LumahasJuly MadasAugust MagusSeptember ManomOctober GumasNovember MilauDecember MomuhauThe Dusun name of the months derive from the traditional cycle of paddy harvesting Days of the week 9 English DusunDusun name Numerical citation needed Monday Tontolu Tadau koisoTuesday Mirod Tadau koduoWednesday Madsa Tadau kotoluThursday Tadtaru Tadau kaapatFriday Kurudu Tadau kolimoSaturday Kukuak Tadau koonomSunday Tiwang Tadau koturu mingguThe names for the days of the week are mostly based on a simple numerical sequence which is commonly used for media and newspapers citation needed The names of Dusun days as part of the seven day week derive from the life cycle of a butterfly Interrogatives 6 8 English Dusunwhat nunu onuwho isaiwhere hombo nonggowhen soirawhy okurohow poingkurohow many piro songkuroExamples EditGenesis 1 1 5 Edit 1 1 Tontok di timpuun i om wonsoyo nod Kinorohingan o tawan om pomogunan 2 Aiso po suang do pomogunan om aiso o poimpasi om noolitan di rahat dot opuhod om odondom o kotuongo Nga mintongkop i i Rusod do Kinorohingan do hiri d soibau di waig 3 Om pomoros no o Kinorohingan do poingkaa Nawau no ka om haro noddi o tanawau 4 Om kokito nod Kinorohingan dot osonong i tanawau om potongkiado no dau i tanawau do mantad id totuong 5 Om pungaranai nod Kinorohingan do Dangadau i tanawau om Dongotuong i totuong Om korikot no sosodopon om korikot nogiddi kosuabon iri no tadau do koiso 10 Austronesian languages comparison table EditThis section should specify the language of its non English content using lang transliteration for transliterated languages and IPA for phonetic transcriptions with an appropriate ISO 639 code Wikipedia s multilingual support templates may also be used See why November 2022 Below is a table of Dusun and other Austronesian languages comparing thirteen words English one two three four person house dog coconut day new we inclusive what fireDusun iso duo tolu apat tulun walai tasu piasau tadau wagu tokou onu nu tapuiKadazan iso duvo tohu apat tuhun hamin tasu piasau tadau vagu tokou onu tapuiTombulu Minahasa esa zua rua telu epat tou wale asu po po endo weru kai kita apa apiTagalog isa dalawa tatlo apat tao bahay aso niyog araw bago tayo ano apoyCentral Bikol saro duwa tulo apat tawo harong ayam niyog aldaw ba go kita ano kalayoRinconada Bikol esad darwa tolō epat tawō baley ayam noyog aldew bago kita onō kalayōWaray usa duha tulo upat tawo balay ayam ido lubi adlaw bag o kita anu kalayoCebuano usa isa duha tulo upat tawo balay iro lubi adlaw bag o kita unsa kalayoHiligaynon isa duha tatlo apat tawo balay ido lubi adlaw bag o kita ano kalayoAklanon isaea sambilog uno daywa dos tatlo tres ap at kwatro tawo baeay ayam niyog adlaw bag o kita ano kaeayoKinaray a sara darwa tatlo apat tawo balay ayam niyog adlaw bag o kita ano kalayoTausug hambuuk duwa tu upat tau bay iru niyug adlaw ba gu kitaniyu unu kayuMaranao isa dowa t lo phat taw walay aso neyog gawi e bago tano tonaa apoyKapampangan metung adwa atlu apat tau bale asu ngungut aldo bayu ikatamu nanu apiPangasinan sakey dua duara talo talora apat apatira too abong aso niyog ageo balo sikatayo anto poolIlocano maysa dua tallo uppat tao balay aso niog aldaw baro datayo ania apoyIvatan asa dadowa tatdo apat tao vahay chito niyoy araw va yo yaten ango apoyIbanag tadday dua tallu appa tolay balay kitu niuk aggaw bagu sittam anni afiYogad tata addu tallu appat tolay binalay atu iyyog agaw bagu sikitam gani afuyGaddang antet addwa tallo appat tolay balay atu ayog aw bawu ikkanetam sanenay afuyTboli sotu lewu tlu fat tau gunu ohu lefo kdaw lomi tekuy tedu ofihMalay incl Malaysian and Indonesian satu dua tiga empat orang rumah anjing asu kelapa nyior or nyiur hari baru baharu kita apa anu apiSundanese hiji dua tilu opat jelema imah anjing kalapa poe baru anyar urang naon naeun seuneuJavanese siji loro telu papat uwong omah asu klapa kambil hari anyar enggal kita apa anu geniAcehnese sa duwa lhee peuet ureueng rumoh balee asee u uroe baro geu tanyoe peue apuyLampung sai khua telu pak jelema lamban asu nyiwi khani baru kham api apuiBuginese sedi dua tellu eppa tau bola asu kaluku esso baru idi aga apiToba Batak sada dua tolu opat halak jabu biang harambiri ari baru hita aha apiTetum ida rua tolu haat ema uma asu nuu loron foun ita saida ahiSamoan tasi lua tolu fa tagata fale taifau niu aso fou matou a afiMaori tahi rua toru wha tangata whare kuri kokonati ra hou taua aha ahiTuvaluan tasi lua tolu fa toko fale kuri moku aso fou taua a afiHawaiian kahi lua kolu ha kanaka hale ilio niu ao hou kakou aha ahiBanjarese asa duwa talu ampat urang rumah hadupan kǎlapa hǎri hanyar kita apa apiMalagasy isa roa telo efatra olona trano alika voanio andro vaovao isika inona afoIban satu dua tiga empat orang rumah asu nyur ari baru kitai nama apiMelanau satu dua telou empat apah lebok asou nyior lau baew teleu nama apuiReferences Edit a b Central Dusun at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 Official Language amp Dialects Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah Retrieved 2 June 2021 Lasimbang Rita Kinajil Trixie 2004 Building Terminology in the Kadazandusun Language Current Issues in Language Planning 5 2 131 141 doi 10 1080 13683500408668253 Miller Carolyn 1993 Kadazan Dusun Phonology Revisited In Boutin Michael E Pekkanen Inka eds Phonological Descriptions of Sabah Languages Studies from Ten Languages Bonggi Ida an Kadazan Dusun Kalabuan Kimaragang Labuk Kinabatangan Kadazan Lotud Tagal Tatana Tombonuwo Sabah Museum Monograph Vol 4 Kota Kinabalu Sabah State Museum pp 1 14 Robinson Laura C 2005 A Sketch Grammar of Tindal Dusun PDF Working Papers in Linguistics 36 5 University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa a b Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia 2008 Puralan Boros Kadazandusun id Sikul in Central Dusun Putrajaya Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Minah Sintian 2019 Struktur Binaan Ayat Bahasa Kadazandusun dan Bahasa Melayu Satu Pengenalan Kadazandusun and Malay Language Structural Sentence Construction An Introduction Paper presented at the Seminar Antarabangsa Susastera Bahasa dan Budaya Nusantara SUTERA 2019 Universiti Malaysia Perlis Pusat Penyelidikan Langkawi UKM 1 2 August 2019 in Malay via ResearchGate a b Price Daniel Charles 2007 Bundu Dusun Sketch Grammar in English and Central Dusun Crawley University of Western Australia a b Tatak Barambang 18 August 2016 Ondomo do tikid tadauwulan tulun Kadazandusun Utusan Borneo in Central Dusun Retrieved 22 December 2021 via PressReader Buuk do Kinorohingan Habar dot Osonong in Central Dusun Petaling Jaya Pertubuhan Bible Malaysia 2007 ISBN 978 983 030 117 4 External links Edit Dusun language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Kadazandusun Language Foundation Kadazandusun Online Vocabulary Sharing Numbers in Dusun Dynamic Collection of Central Dusun sentences at tatoeba org Collection of Central Dusun sentences with audio at tatoeba org Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dusun language amp oldid 1139435686, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
