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Thorne system

April 26, 2024

A system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968,[1] and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Some versions of the system are available online. The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A&M University lists the March 1999 version[9] (and other classification systems).[10] James Reveal's course lecture notes (1999) also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time, with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system[11] together with several other classification systems.[12]

For a discussion of the various suffixes used for superorders (-florae vs. -anae), see Brummitt 1992,[13] and Thorne 1992.[5] In this latter paper, Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning -florae for -anae, following contemporary practice.

1968 System edit

Monocotyledons edit

Superorders

1992 System edit

The 1992 system lists 69 orders and 440 families

Summary edit

Magnoliidae edit

Liliidae edit

2007 System edit

The 2007 system lists 12 subclasses, 35 superorders, 87 orders, 40 suborders, and 472 families. It uses the suffixes given in the following example.

Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae") - 12 subclasses

  • Subclass Magnoliidae
    • Superorder: Magnolianae
      • Order: Magnoliales
        • SubOrder: Magnoliineae
          • Family: Magnoliaceae
            • SubFamily: Magnolioideae
              • Tribe: Magnolieae
Subclasses (12)

Note: Monocotyledons are represented here by 3 separate subclasses 3–5[14]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Thorne 1968.
  2. ^ Thorne 1976.
  3. ^ Thorne 1977.
  4. ^ Thorne 1983.
  5. ^ a b Thorne 1992a.
  6. ^ Thorne 1992b.
  7. ^ Reveal 1999a.
  8. ^ Thorne & Reveal 2007.
  9. ^ Robert F. Thorne. 1992. Classification and Geography of Flowering Plants. Botanical Review 58: 225-348 as updated December, 1992 and March, 1999. Source for March 1999 in Reveal (1999a)
  10. ^ Texas A&M Flowering Plant Gateway
  11. ^ Reveal 1999b.
  12. ^ Reveal 1999c.
  13. ^ Brummitt 1992, pp. 770–776.
  14. ^ Singh 2019, p. 260.

Bibliography edit

  • Reveal, James (22 November 1998). "Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal, Takhtajan & Thorne". Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  • Reveal, James L (29 March 1999a). "An updated classification of the Monocotyledoneae by Robert F Thorne". Plant Biology. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  • Reveal, James L (1999b). "Thorne System of Angiosperm Classification". Plant systematics.org. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  • Reveal, James L (1999c). "PBIO250 Lecture Notes. Plant Taxonomy: Systems of Vascular Plant Classification". Plant systematics.org. University of Maryland: Norton-Brown Herbarium. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  • Brummitt, R.K. (1992). Vascular plant families and genera : a listing of the genera of vascular plants of the world according to their families, as recognised in the Kew Herbarium, with an analysis of relationships of the flowering plant families according to eight systems of classification. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. ISBN 9780947643430.
  • Singh, Gurcharan (2019) [2004]. Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach (4th ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-00-057677-1.

Works by Thorne edit

  • Thorne, R.F. (1968). "Synopsis of a putative phylogenetic classification of flowering plants". Aliso. 6 (4): 57–66. doi:10.5642/aliso.19680604.06.
  • Thorne, Robert F (1976). "A Phylogenetic Classification of the Angiospermae". Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 9. pp. 35–106. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6950-3_2. ISBN 978-1-4615-6952-7. PMC 2645363. PMID 19208237. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  • Thorne, Robert F (1977). "Some Realignments in the Angiospermae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). Flowering Plants: Evolution and Classification of Higher Categories Symposium, Hamburg, September 8–12, 1976. Plant Systematics and Evolution. Vol. Supplement 1. Vienna: Springer. pp. 299–319. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-7076-2_19. ISBN 978-3-211-81434-5.
  • Thorne, Robert F. (February 1983). "Proposed new realignments in the angiosperms". Nordic Journal of Botany. 3 (1): 85–117. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01447.x.
  • Thorne, Robert F (1992a). "Classification and geography of flowering plants". Botanical Review. 58 (3): 225–348. Bibcode:1992BotRv..58..225T. doi:10.1007/BF02858611. S2CID 40348158.
  • Thorne, Robert F (1992b). "An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants". Aliso. 13 (2): 365–389. doi:10.5642/aliso.19921302.08.
  • Thorne, Robert F (2000). "The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae". Botanical Review. 66 (4): 441–647. Bibcode:2000BotRv..66..441T. doi:10.1007/BF02869011. S2CID 43430454.
  • Thorne, Robert F.; Reveal, James L. (April 2007). "An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae")". The Botanical Review. 73 (2): 67–181. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2007)73[67:AUCOTC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 24415895.

April 26, 2024
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A system of plant taxonomy the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist Robert F Thorne 1920 2015 in 1968 1 and he continued to issue revisions over many years 1968 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Some versions of the system are available online The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A amp M University lists the March 1999 version 9 and other classification systems 10 James Reveal s course lecture notes 1999 also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time with an extensive listing of synonyms both nomenclatural and taxonomic for each name in the system 11 together with several other classification systems 12 For a discussion of the various suffixes used for superorders florae vs anae see Brummitt 1992 13 and Thorne 1992 5 In this latter paper Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning florae for anae following contemporary practice Contents 1 1968 System 1 1 Monocotyledons 2 1992 System 2 1 Summary 2 2 Magnoliidae 2 3 Liliidae 3 2007 System 4 References 5 Bibliography 5 1 Works by Thorne1968 System editMonocotyledons edit Superorders Superorder Alimatiflorae Superorder Triuridiflorae Superorder Liliiflorae Order Liliales Superorder Ariflorae Superorder Commeliniflorae1992 System editThe 1992 system lists 69 orders and 440 families Summary edit Class Magnoliopsida angiosperms Subclass Magnoliidae dicotyledons Superorder Magnolianae Superorder Nymphaeanae Superorder Rafflesianae Superorder Caryophyllanae Superorder Theanae Superorder Celastranae Superorder Malvanae Superorder Violanae Superorder Santalanae Superorder Geranianae Superorder Rutanae Superorder Proteanae Superorder Rosanae Superorder Cornanae Superorder Asteranae Superorder Solananae Superorder Loasanae Superorder Myrtanae Superorder Gentiananae dd Subclass Liliidae monocotyledons Superorder Lilianae Superorder Hydatellanae Superorder Triuridanae Superorder Alismatanae Superorder Aranae Superorder Cyclanthanae Superorder Pandananae Superorder Arecanae Superorder Commelinanae dd Magnoliidae edit Subclass Magnoliidae dicotyledons Superorder MagnolianaeOrder MagnolialesFamily Winteraceae Family Illiciaceae Family Schisandraceae Family Magnoliaceae Family Degeneriaceae Family Himantandraceae Family Eupomatiaceae Family Annonaceae Family Aristolochiaceae Family Myristicaceae Family Canellaceae Family Austrobaileyaceae Family Amborellaceae Family Trimeniaceae Family Chloranthaceae Family Monimiaceae Family Gomortegaceae Family Calycanthaceae Family Lauraceae Family Hernandiaceae Family Lactoridaceae Family Saururaceae Family Piperaceae dd Order CeratophyllalesFamily Ceratophyllaceae dd Order NelumbonalesFamily Nelumbonaceae dd Order PaeonialesFamily Paeoniaceae Family Glaucidiaceae dd Order BerberidalesFamily Menispermaceae Family Lardizabalaceae Family Sargentodoxaceae Family Berberidaceae Family Hydrastidaceae Family Ranunculaceae Family Circaeasteraceae Family Papaveraceae dd dd Superorder NymphaeanaeOrder NymphaealesFamily Cabombaceae Family Nymphaeaceae dd dd Superorder RafflesianaeOrder RafflesialesFamily Hydnoraceae Family Rafflesiaceae dd dd Superorder CaryophyllanaeOrder CaryophyllalesFamily Caryophyllaceae Family Portulacaceae Family Hectorellaceae Family Basellaceae Family Didiereaceae Family Cactaceae Family Phytolaccaceae Family Petiveriaceae Family Agdestidaceae Family Barbeuiaceae Family Achatocarpaceae Family Stegnospermataceae Family Nyctaginaceae Family Aizoaceae Family Halophytaceae Family Molluginaceae Family Chenopodiaceae Family Amaranthaceae dd dd Superorder TheanaeOrder ThealesFamily Dilleniaceae Family Actinidiaceae Family Paracryphiaceae Family Stachyuraceae Family Theaceae Family Asteropeiaceae Family Tetrameristaceae Family Pellicieraceae Family Chrysobalanaceae Family Symplocaceae Family Caryocaraceae Family Marcgraviaceae Family Oncothecaceae Family Aquifoliaceae Family Phellinaceae Family Sphenostemonaceae Family Sarraceniaceae Family Pentaphylacaceae Family Clethraceae Family Cyrillaceae Family Ochnaceae Family Quiinaceae Family Scytopetalaceae Family Medusagynaceae Family Strasburgeriaceae Family Ancistrocladaceae Family Dioncophyllaceae Family Nepenthaceae Family Bonnetiaceae Family Clusiaceae Family Elatinaceae Family Lecythidaceae dd Order EricalesFamily Ericaceae Family Epacridaceae Family Empetraceae dd Order FouquierialesFamily Fouquieriaceae dd Order StyracalesFamily Ebenaceae Family Lissocarpaceae Family Sapotaceae Family Styracaceae dd Order PrimulalesFamily Theophrastaceae Family Myrsinaceae Family Primulaceae Family Plumbaginaceae dd Order PolygonalesFamily Polygonaceae dd dd Superorder CelastranaeOrder CelastralesFamily Celastraceae Family Goupiaceae Family Lophopyxidaceae Family Stackhousiaceae Family Corynocarpaceae dd dd Superorder MalvanaeOrder MalvalesFamily Sterculiaceae Family Huaceae Family Elaeocarpaceae Family Plagiopteraceae Family Tiliaceae Family Monotaceae Family Dipterocarpaceae Family Sarcolaenaceae Family Sphaerosepalaceae Family Bombacaceae Family Malvaceae dd Order UrticalesFamily Ulmaceae Family Moraceae Family Cecropiaceae Family Barbeyaceae Family Urticaceae Family Cannabaceae dd Order RhamnalesFamily Rhamnaceae Family Elaeagnaceae dd Order EuphorbialesFamily Euphorbiaceae Family Aextoxicaceae Family Simmondsiaceae Family Dichapetalaceae Family Gonystylaceae Family Thymelaeaceae dd dd Superorder ViolanaeOrder ViolalesFamily Bixaceae Family Cochlospermaceae Family Cistaceae Family Violaceae Family Flacourtiaceae Family Physenaceae Family Lacistemataceae Family Salicaceae Family Dipentodontaceae Family Peridiscaceae Family Scyphostegiaceae Family Passifloraceae Family Turneriaceae Family Malesherbiaceae Family Achariaceae Family Caricaceae Family Tamaricaceae Family Frankeniaceae Family Cucurbitaceae Family Begoniaceae Family Datiscaceae dd Order BrassicalesFamily Resedaceae Family Capparaceae Family Brassicaceae Family Salvadoraceae Family Gyrostemonaceae dd Order BatalesFamily Bataceae dd dd Superorder SantalanaeOrder SantalalesFamily Olacaceae Family Opiliaceae Family Medusandraceae Family Santalaceae Family Misodendraceae Family Loranthaceae Family Eremolepidaceae Family Viscaceae dd Order BalanophoralesFamily Balanophoraceae Family Cynomoriaceae dd dd Superorder GeranianaeOrder LinalesFamily Humiriaceae Family Ctenolophonaceae Family Hugoniaceae Family Ixonanthaceae Family Linaceae Family Erythroxylaceae Family Zygophyllaceae Family Balanitaceae dd Order RhizophoralesFamily Rhizophoraceae dd Order GeranialesFamily Oxalidaceae Family Geraniaceae Family Balsaminaceae Family Tropaeolaceae Family Limnanthaceae dd Order PolygalalesFamily Malpighiaceae Family Trigoniaceae Family Vochysiaceae Family Polygalaceae Family Krameriaceae dd dd Superorder RutanaeOrder RutalesFamily Rutaceae Family Rhabdodendraceae Family Cneoraceae Family Simaroubaceae Family Picramniaceae Family Ptaeroxylaceae Family Meliaceae Family Burseraceae Family Anacardiaceae Family Leitneriaceae Family Tepuianthaceae Family Coriariaceae Family Sapindaceae Family Sabiaceae Family Melianthaceae Family Akaniaceae Family Bretschneideraceae Family Moringaceae Family Surianaceae Family Connaraceae Family Fabaceae dd dd Superorder ProteanaeOrder ProtealesFamily Proteaceae dd dd Superorder RosanaeOrder HamamelidalesFamily Trochodendraceae Family Eupteleaceae Family Cercidiphyllaceae Family Platanaceae Family Hamamelidaceae dd Order CasuarinalesFamily Casuarinaceae dd Order BalanopalesFamily Buxaceae Family Didymelaceae Family Daphniphyllaceae Family Balanopaceae dd Order BrunialesFamily Roridulaceae Family Bruniaceae Family Geissolomataceae Family Grubbiaceae Family Myrothamnaceae Family Hydrostachyaceae dd Order JuglandalesFamily Rhoipteleaceae Family Juglandaceae Family Myricaceae dd Order BetulalesFamily Ticodendraceae Family Betulaceae Family Nothofagaceae Family Fagaceae dd Order RosalesFamily Rosaceae Family Neuradaceae Family Crossosomataceae Family Anisophylleaceae dd Order SaxifragalesFamily Tetracarpaeaceae Family Crassulaceae Family Cephalotaceae Family Penthoraceae Family Saxifragaceae Family Francoaceae Family Grossulariaceae Family Vahliaceae Family Eremosynaceae Family Lepuropetalaceae Family Parnassiaceae Family Stylidiaceae Family Droseraceae Family Greyiaceae Family Diapensiaceae dd Order PodostemalesFamily Podostemaceae dd Order CunonialesFamily Cunoniaceae Family Davidsoniaceae Family Staphyleaceae dd dd Superorder CornanaeOrder HydrangealesFamily Hydrangeaceae Family Escalloniaceae Family Carpodetaceae Family Griseliniaceae Family Alseuosmiaceae Family Montiniaceae Family Brexiaceae Family Columelliaceae Family Desfontainiaceae dd Order CornalesFamily Vitaceae Family Gunneraceae Family Haloragaceae Family Cornaceae Family Curtisiaceae Family Alangiaceae Family Garryaceae Family Aucubaceae Family Aralidiaceae Family Eucommiaceae Family Icacinaceae Family Metteniusaceae Family Cardiopteridaceae Family Peripterygiaceae dd Order PittosporalesFamily Pittosporaceae Family Byblidaceae Family Tremandraceae dd Order AralialesFamily Helwingiaceae Family Torricelliaceae Family Araliaceae Family Hydrocotylaceae Family Apiaceae dd Order DipsacalesFamily Caprifoliaceae Family Adoxaceae Family Valerianaceae Family Triplostegiaceae Family Dipsacaceae Family Morinaceae dd dd Superorder AsteranaeOrder AsteralesFamily Calyceraceae Family Asteraceae dd Order CampanulalesFamily Menyanthaceae Family Pentaphragmataceae Family Sphenocleaceae Family Campanulaceae Family Goodeniaceae dd dd Superorder SolananaeOrder SolanalesFamily Solanaceae Family Duckeodendraceae Family Goetzeaceae Family Nolanaceae Family Convolvulaceae Family Hydrophyllaceae Family Boraginaceae Family Hoplestigmataceae Family Lennoaceae Family Tetrachondraceae Family Polemoniaceae dd dd Superorder LoasanaeOrder LoasalesFamily Loasaceae dd dd Superorder MyrtanaeOrder MyrtalesFamily Lythraceae Family Alzateaceae Family Rhynchocalycaceae Family Penaeaceae Family Oliniaceae Family Trapaceae Family Crypteroniaceae Family Melastomataceae Family Combretaceae Family Onagraceae Family Myrtaceae dd dd Superorder GentiananaeOrder GentianalesFamily Loganiaceae Family Rubiaceae Family Dialypetalanthaceae Family Apocynaceae Family Gentianaceae Family Saccifoliaceae dd Order ScrophularialesFamily Oleaceae Family Buddlejaceae Family Stilbaceae Family Bignoniaceae Family Pedaliaceae Family Martyniaceae Family Myoporaceae Family Scrophulariaceae Family Gesneriaceae Family Globulariaceae Family Plantaginaceae Family Lentibulariaceae Family Acanthaceae Family Callitrichaceae Family Hippuridaceae Family Verbenaceae Family Phrymaceae Family Symphoremataceae Family Nesogenaceae Family Avicenniaceae Family Lamiaceae dd dd dd Liliidae edit Subclass Liliidae monocotyledons Superorder LilianaeOrder LilialesFamily Melanthiaceae Family Campynemataceae Family Alstroemeriaceae Family Colchicaceae Family Liliaceae Family Trilliaceae Family Iridaceae dd Order BurmannialesFamily Burmanniaceae Family Corsiaceae dd Order AsparagalesFamily Asparagaceae Family Luzuriagaceae Family Asphodelaceae Family Aphyllanthaceae Family Phormiaceae Family Tecophilaeaceae Family Lanariaceae Family Hemerocallidaceae Family Asteliaceae Family Hanguanaceae Family Agavaceae Family Hostaceae Family Blandfordiaceae Family Dasypogonaceae Family Xanthorrhoeaceae Family Ixioliriaceae Family Hyacinthaceae Family Alliaceae Family Amaryllidaceae Family Hypoxidaceae Family Velloziaceae Family Cyanastraceae Family Eriospermaceae dd Order DioscorealesFamily Philesiaceae Family Ripogonaceae Family Petermanniaceae Family Smilacaceae Family Dioscoreaceae Family Trichopodaceae Family Stemonaceae Family Taccaceae dd Order OrchidalesFamily Orchidaceae dd dd Superorder HydatellanaeOrder HydatellalesFamily Hydatellaceae dd dd Superorder TriuridanaeOrder TriuridalesFamily Triuridaceae dd dd Superorder AlismatanaeOrder AlismatalesFamily Butomaceae Family Alismataceae Family Hydrocharitaceae dd Order PotamogetonalesFamily Aponogetonaceae Family Scheuchzeriaceae Family Juncaginaceae Family Potamogetonaceae Family Posidoniaceae Family Cymodoceaceae Family Zannichelliaceae Family Zosteraceae dd dd Superorder AranaeOrder AcoralesFamily Acoraceae dd Order AralesFamily Araceae Family Lemnaceae dd dd Superorder CyclanthanaeOrder CyclanthalesFamily Cyclanthaceae dd dd Superorder PandananaeOrder PandanalesFamily Pandanaceae dd dd Superorder ArecanaeOrder ArecalesFamily Arecaceae dd dd Superorder CommelinanaeOrder BromelialesFamily Bromeliaceae dd Order PhilydralesFamily Philydraceae Family Pontederiaceae Family Haemodoraceae dd Order TyphalesFamily Typhaceae dd Order ZingiberalesFamily Musaceae Family Strelitziaceae Family Lowiaceae Family Heliconiaceae Family Zingiberaceae Family Costaceae Family Cannaceae Family Marantaceae dd Order CommelinalesFamily Rapateaceae Family Xyridaceae Family Commelinaceae Family Mayacaceae Family Eriocaulaceae dd Order JuncalesFamily Thurniaceae Family Juncaceae Family Cyperaceae dd Order PoalesFamily Flagellariaceae Family Joinvilleaceae Family Restionaceae Family Ecdeiocoleaceae Family Centrolepidaceae Family Poaceae dd dd dd 2007 System editThe 2007 system lists 12 subclasses 35 superorders 87 orders 40 suborders and 472 families It uses the suffixes given in the following example Class Magnoliopsida Angiospermae 12 subclasses Subclass Magnoliidae Superorder Magnolianae Order Magnoliales SubOrder Magnoliineae Family Magnoliaceae SubFamily Magnolioideae Tribe Magnolieae Subclasses 12 1 Chloranthidae 2 Magnoliidae dicotyledons 3 Alismatidae 4 Liliidae 3 superorders Pandananae Dioscoreanae Lilianae 3 orders Liliales 12 families Corsiaceae Becc 1878 Campynemataceae Dumort 1829 Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh 1797 Trilliaceae Chevall 1827 Petermanniaceae Hutch 1934 Luzuriagaceae Lotsy 1911 incl Drymophila R Br Alstroemeriaceae Dumort 1829 Colchicaceae DC 1804 Rhipogonaceae Conran amp Clifford 1985 Philesiaceae Dumort 1829 Smilacaceae Vent 1799 Liliaceae Juss 1789 Orchidales Iridales 5 Commelinidae 6 Ranunculidae 7 Hamamelididae 8 Caryophyllidae 9 Rosidae 10 Malvidae 11 Asteridae 12 Lamiidae Note Monocotyledons are represented here by 3 separate subclasses 3 5 14 References edit a b Thorne 1968 Thorne 1976 Thorne 1977 Thorne 1983 a b Thorne 1992a Thorne 1992b Reveal 1999a Thorne amp Reveal 2007 Robert F Thorne 1992 Classification and Geography of Flowering Plants Botanical Review 58 225 348 as updated December 1992 and March 1999 Source for March 1999 in Reveal 1999a Texas A amp M Flowering Plant Gateway Reveal 1999b Reveal 1999c Brummitt 1992 pp 770 776 Singh 2019 p 260 Bibliography editReveal James 22 November 1998 Lists of the Flowering Plant Taxa Accepted by Cronquist Dahlgren Reveal Takhtajan amp Thorne Vascular Plant Family Nomenclature University of Maryland Norton Brown Herbarium Retrieved 3 January 2016 Reveal James L 29 March 1999a An updated classification of the Monocotyledoneae by Robert F Thorne Plant Biology University of Maryland Norton Brown Herbarium Retrieved 4 January 2016 Reveal James L 1999b Thorne System of Angiosperm Classification Plant systematics org University of Maryland Norton Brown Herbarium Retrieved 4 January 2016 Reveal James L 1999c PBIO250 Lecture Notes Plant Taxonomy Systems of Vascular Plant Classification Plant systematics org University of Maryland Norton Brown Herbarium Retrieved 4 January 2016 Brummitt R K 1992 Vascular plant families and genera a listing of the genera of vascular plants of the world according to their families as recognised in the Kew Herbarium with an analysis of relationships of the flowering plant families according to eight systems of classification Kew Royal Botanic Gardens ISBN 9780947643430 Singh Gurcharan 2019 2004 Plant Systematics An Integrated Approach 4th ed CRC Press ISBN 978 1 00 057677 1 Works by Thorne edit Thorne R F 1968 Synopsis of a putative phylogenetic classification of flowering plants Aliso 6 4 57 66 doi 10 5642 aliso 19680604 06 Thorne Robert F 1976 A Phylogenetic Classification of the Angiospermae Evolutionary Biology Vol 9 pp 35 106 doi 10 1007 978 1 4615 6950 3 2 ISBN 978 1 4615 6952 7 PMC 2645363 PMID 19208237 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help Thorne Robert F 1977 Some Realignments in the Angiospermae In Kubitzki Klaus ed Flowering Plants Evolution and Classification of Higher Categories Symposium Hamburg September 8 12 1976 Plant Systematics and Evolution Vol Supplement 1 Vienna Springer pp 299 319 doi 10 1007 978 3 7091 7076 2 19 ISBN 978 3 211 81434 5 Thorne Robert F February 1983 Proposed new realignments in the angiosperms Nordic Journal of Botany 3 1 85 117 doi 10 1111 j 1756 1051 1983 tb01447 x Thorne Robert F 1992a Classification and geography of flowering plants Botanical Review 58 3 225 348 Bibcode 1992BotRv 58 225T doi 10 1007 BF02858611 S2CID 40348158 Thorne Robert F 1992b An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants Aliso 13 2 365 389 doi 10 5642 aliso 19921302 08 Thorne Robert F 2000 The classification and geography of the flowering plants dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae Botanical Review 66 4 441 647 Bibcode 2000BotRv 66 441T doi 10 1007 BF02869011 S2CID 43430454 Thorne Robert F Reveal James L April 2007 An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida Angiospermae The Botanical Review 73 2 67 181 doi 10 1663 0006 8101 2007 73 67 AUCOTC 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 24415895 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Thorne system amp oldid 1192522597, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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