Guernésiais (French pronunciation:[ɡɛʁnezjɛ]), also known as Dgèrnésiais, Guernsey French, and Guernsey Norman French, is the variety of the Norman language spoken in Guernsey. It is sometimes known on the island simply as "patois".[4] As one of the langues d'oïl, it has its roots in Latin, but has had strong influence from both Old Norse and English at different points in its history.[citation needed]
Guernésiais has been influenced less by Standard French than Jèrriais, but conversely more so by English. New words have been imported for modern phenomena: e.g. le bike and le gas-cooker.[citation needed]
There is a rich tradition of poetry in the Guernsey language. Guernsey songs were inspired by the sea, by colourful figures of speech, by traditional folk-lore, as well as by the natural environment of the island.[citation needed] The island's greatest poet was George Métivier (1790–1881), a contemporary of Victor Hugo, who influenced and inspired local poets to print and publish their traditional poetry. Métivier blended local place-names, bird and animal names, traditional sayings and orally transmitted fragments of medieval poetry to create his Rimes Guernesiaises (1831). Denys Corbet (1826–1910) was considered the "Last Poet" of Guernsey French and published many poems in his day in his native tongue, both in the island newspaper and privately.
The most recent dictionary of Guernésiais, Dictiounnaire Angllais-guernesiais by Marie de Garis, was published in 1967 and revised in 1982.[5]
Guernésiais tops this list of welcome messages at Guernsey's tourism office in Saint Peter Port
Guernsey was a part of Normandy until the latter was conquered by French kings; a form of the Norman language developed in the Channel Islands and survived for hundreds of years.[6] Guernésiais is considered to be one of the langues d'oïl, which includes French and its closest relatives.[7] Later, after the separation of Guernsey and Normandy, French Protestant refugees escaped to the island from fear of persecution in mainland France; they quickly gained influence and positions of power in education, religion, and government.[6] This accounts for the long tradition of a diglossic relationship between French and Guernesiais[8] whereby French had prestige while Guernesiais did not.[9]
The English language began to spread in Guernsey in the era of the Napoleonic Wars, during which there was a significant outposting of English soldiers on the island[10] as well as an increase of English tourism and immigration.[11] With the German occupation of Guernsey from 1940 to 1945, Guernesiais suffered more of a decline because children were evacuated off the island, which resulted in Guernesiais not being transmitted to much of their generation.[11] It is from this point onwards that Guernesiais continued to decline in use[11] and so, according to the 2001 census conducted in Guernsey, only 2.2% of the population at the time reported being fluent in Guernesiais.[12]
Guernsey poet George Métivier (1790–1881) – nicknamed the Guernsey Burns, was the first to produce a dictionary of the Norman language in the Channel Islands, the Dictionnaire Franco-Normand (1870). This established the first standard orthography – later modified and modernised. Among his poetical works are Rimes Guernesiaises published in 1831.[citation needed]
Like Métivier, Tam Lenfestey (1818–1885) published poetry in Guernsey newspapers and in book form.
Denys Corbet (1826–1909) described himself as the Draïn Rimeux (last poet), but literary production continued. Corbet is best known for his poems, especially the epicL'Touar de Guernesy, a picaresque tour of the parishes of Guernsey. As editor of the French-language newspaper Le Bailliage, he also wrote feuilletons in Dgèrnésiais under the pen nameBadlagoule ("chatterbox"). In 2009 the island held a special exhibition in the Forest Parish on Corbet and his work acknowledging the centenary of his death and unveiling a contemporary portrait painting of the artist by Christian Corbet a cousin to Denys Corbet.
Thomas Henry Mahy (1862–21 April 1936) wrote Dires et Pensées du Courtil Poussin, a regular column in La Gazette Officielle de Guernesey, from 1916. A collection was published in booklet form in 1922. He was still publishing occasional pieces of poetry and prose by the start of the 1930s.
Thomas Alfred Grut (1852–1933) published Des lures guernesiaises in 1927, once again a collection of newspaper columns. He also translated some of the Jèrriais stories of Philippe Le Sueur Mourant into Dgèrnésiais.
Marjorie Ozanne (1897–1973) wrote stories, published in the Guernsey Evening Press between 1949 and 1965. Some earlier pieces can be found in La Gazette de Guernesey in the 1920s.
Ken Hill translated many of Marjorie Ozanne's short stories and poems into English with the Guernsey accent of the early 20th century. The work was published by the Guernsey society.
Métivier's dictionary was superseded by Marie de Garis' (1910–2010) Dictiounnaire Angllais-Guernésiais; first edition published in 1967, supplements 1969 and 1973, third edition 1982.
When the Channel Islands were invaded by Germany in World War II, Dgèrnésiais experienced a minor revival. Many Guernsey people did not always wish the occupying forces to understand what they were saying, especially as some of the soldiers had knowledge of English.
Victor Hugo includes the odd word of Dgèrnésiais in some of his Channel Island novels. Hugo's novel Toilers of the Sea (French: Les Travailleurs de la mer), is credited with introducing the Guernesiais word for octopus, pieuvre, into the French language (standard French for octopus is poulpe).
A collection of short stories P'tites Lures Guernésiaises (in Guernésiais with parallel English translation) by various writers was published in 2006.[14]
Current statusEdit
The 2001 census showed that 1327 (1262 Guernsey-born) or 2% of the population speak the language fluently while 3% fully understand the language.[citation needed] However most of these, 70% or 934 of the 1327 fluent speakers, are over 64 years old. Among the young only 0.1% or one in a thousand are fluent speakers. However, 14% of the population claim some understanding of the language.[citation needed]
L'Assembllaïe d'Guernesiais, an association for speakers of the language founded in 1957, has published a periodical. Les Ravigoteurs, another association, has published a storybook and cassette for children.
Forest School hosts an annual speaking contest of the island's primary school children (Year 6).
The annual Eisteddfod provides an opportunity for performances in the language, and radio and newspaper outlets furnish regular media output.
There is some teaching of the language in voluntary classes in schools in Guernsey.[15]
A Guernésiais language development officer was appointed (with effect from January 2008).[17]
There is little broadcasting in the language, with ITV Channel Television more or less ignoring the language, and only the occasional short feature on BBC Radio Guernsey, usually for learners. In 2021 BBC Radio Guernsey broadcast a 10 minute news bulletin once a week in Guernésiais.[18]
In 2022 a documentary on the future of Guernsey French was produced for BBC radio.[19]
The creation of a Guernsey Language Commission was announced on 7 February 2013[20] as an initiative by government to preserve the linguistic culture. The Commission has operated since Liberation Day, 9 May 2013.
RevitalizationEdit
While Guernesiais does not have status as an official language of the island, revitalization efforts are still being undertaken on a small scale.[21] One group, Le Coumité d'la Culture Guernesiaise, organizes activities and events that celebrate Guernesiais.[21] The Eisteddfod cultural festival is a public event where attendees can enjoy plays, poems, and music performed in Guernesiais.[22] There is also a local choir on Guernsey called La Guaine du Vouest who conduct musical performances in Guernesiais to further promote the language and the cultural and linguistic heritage of Guernsey.[23]
It wasn't until 2007 when efforts to revitalize Guernesiais were undertaken at an official level, when the government appointed a Language Support Officer (LSO), albeit with ambiguous direction.[24] The position was only held until 2011; after that, there was no replacement and instead a Language Commission was formed in order to support efforts to revitalize Guernesiais by smaller groups.[24]
Bible translationsEdit
George Métivier translated the Gospel of Matthew into Guernésiais and it was published in London in 1863. This is now online.[25]
Thomas Martin translated the whole Bible into Guernésiais and this has never been published.[26]
^Guernésiais at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^"Jèrriais/Guernésiais". IANA language subtag registry. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
^"Guernsey". IANA language subtag registry. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
^Jones, Mari C. (2022). A Pocketful of Guernésiais. Guernsey: Blue Ormer. ISBN9781838107680. Retrieved 17 Oct 2023.
^Dictiounnaire Angllais-guernesiais. Société guernesiaise. 1967.
^ abSallabank, Julia (2005-02-15). "Prestige From the Bottom Up: A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey". Current Issues in Language Planning. 6 (1): 44–63. doi:10.1080/14664200508668272. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 144404229.
^Wilson, Gary N.; Johnson, Henry; Sallabank, Julia (2015-07-03). "'I'm not dead yet': a comparative study of indigenous language revitalization in the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey". Current Issues in Language Planning. 16 (3): 259–278. doi:10.1080/14664208.2014.972535. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 145626745.
^Sallabank, Julia (2013-07-01). "Can majority support save an endangered language? A case study of language attitudes in Guernsey". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 34 (4): 332–347. doi:10.1080/01434632.2013.794808. ISSN 0143-4632. S2CID 144265439.
^ abcSallabank, Julia (2005-02-15). "Prestige From the Bottom Up: A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey". Current Issues in Language Planning. 6 (1): 44–63. doi:10.1080/14664200508668272. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 144404229.
^Sallabank, Julia (2010). "The Role of Social Networks in Endangered Language Maintenance and Revitalization: The Case of Guernesiais in the Channel Islands". Anthropological Linguistics. 52 (2): 184–205. doi:10.1353/anl.2010.0011. ISSN 1944-6527. S2CID 144832850.
^The Guernsey Norman French Translations of Thomas Martin: A Linguistic Study of an Unpublished Archive, Mari C. Jones, Leuven 2008, ISBN978-90-429-2113-9
^P'tites Lures Guernésiaises, edited Hazel Tomlinson, Jersey 2006, ISBN1-903341-47-7
^ ab. IFC Feed.com – Guernsey. 2013-10-11. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-24.
^"Guernesiais promoter starts work". BBC. 29 December 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-17.
^"Learn Guernesiais and keep it alive". 29 March 2021.
^"BBC Guernsey Documentary: The Future of Guernsey French". Retrieved 9 October 2023.
^"Language commission to be formed". Guernsey Press. 8 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
^ abSallabank, Julia (2005-02-15). "Prestige From the Bottom Up: A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey". Current Issues in Language Planning. 6 (1): 44–63. doi:10.1080/14664200508668272. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 144404229.
^Wilson, Gary N.; Johnson, Henry; Sallabank, Julia (2015-07-03). "'I'm not dead yet': a comparative study of indigenous language revitalization in the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey". Current Issues in Language Planning. 16 (3): 259–278. doi:10.1080/14664208.2014.972535. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 145626745.
^Johnson, Henry (2012-12-01). ""The Group from the West": Song, endangered language and sonic activism on Guernsey". Journal of Marine and Island Cultures. 1 (2): 99–112. doi:10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.006. ISSN 2212-6821.
^ abWilson, Gary N.; Johnson, Henry; Sallabank, Julia (2015-07-03). "'I'm not dead yet': a comparative study of indigenous language revitalization in the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey". Current Issues in Language Planning. 16 (3): 259–278. doi:10.1080/14664208.2014.972535. ISSN 1466-4208. S2CID 145626745.
^"Sâint Makyu 1, L' Sâint Évàngile Siévant Sâint Makyu 1863 (GUE1863) - Chapter 1 - The Bible App - Bible.com". www.bible.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
^Jones, Mari C. (2008). The Guernsey Norman-French Translations of Thomas Martin: A Linguistic Study of an Unpublished Archive. Leuven: Peeters. ISBN978-90-429-2113-9.
^Simmonds, Helen Margaret (2012). Channeling Change: Evolution in Guernsey Norman French Phonology. University of Exeter.
^Jones, Mari (2015). Variation and Change in Mainland and Insular Norman: A Study of Superstrate Influence. Brill: Leiden. pp. 34–99.
SourcesEdit
De Garis, Marie (5 November 1982). Dictiounnaire Angllais-Guernésiais. Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN978-0-85033-462-3.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guernésiais.
Norman language (including Guernésiais) edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Guernesiais today by Julia Sallabank – from the BBC
La Societe Guernesiaise
October 25, 2023
guernésiais, french, pronunciation, ɡɛʁnezjɛ, also, known, dgèrnésiais, guernsey, french, guernsey, norman, french, variety, norman, language, spoken, guernsey, sometimes, known, island, simply, patois, langues, oïl, roots, latin, strong, influence, from, both. Guernesiais French pronunciation ɡɛʁnezjɛ also known as Dgernesiais Guernsey French and Guernsey Norman French is the variety of the Norman language spoken in Guernsey It is sometimes known on the island simply as patois 4 As one of the langues d oil it has its roots in Latin but has had strong influence from both Old Norse and English at different points in its history citation needed GuernesiaisDgernesiais Guernsey Frenchguernesiais dgernesiaisNative toGuernseyNative speakers200 2014 1 Language familyIndo European ItalicLatino FaliscanRomanceItalo WesternWestern RomanceGallo RomanceOilNormanGuernesiaisEarly formsOld Latin Classical Latin Vulgar Latin Old Gallo Romance Old French Old Norman Anglo NormanOfficial statusOfficial language inGuernseyLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code nrf class extiw title iso639 3 nrf nrf a incl Jerriais Glottologdger1238ELPGuernesiaisLinguasphere51 AAA hcIETFnrf GG sup id cite ref wikidata a98525d5f273e616526e4f2fa4c00e70e2695b19 v8 2 0 class reference a href cite note wikidata a98525d5f273e616526e4f2fa4c00e70e2695b19 v8 2 2 a sup sup id cite ref wikidata 61f7d2b1e3d419f3eb08a2fa7d60d1858ed06f2c v8 3 0 class reference a href cite note wikidata 61f7d2b1e3d419f3eb08a2fa7d60d1858ed06f2c v8 3 3 a sup This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message There is mutual intelligibility with some difficulty with Jerriais speakers from Jersey and Continental Norman speakers from Normandy citation needed Guernesiais most closely resembles the Norman dialect of Cotentinais spoken in La Hague in the Cotentin Peninsula of France Guernesiais has been influenced less by Standard French than Jerriais but conversely more so by English New words have been imported for modern phenomena e g le bike and le gas cooker citation needed There is a rich tradition of poetry in the Guernsey language Guernsey songs were inspired by the sea by colourful figures of speech by traditional folk lore as well as by the natural environment of the island citation needed The island s greatest poet was George Metivier 1790 1881 a contemporary of Victor Hugo who influenced and inspired local poets to print and publish their traditional poetry Metivier blended local place names bird and animal names traditional sayings and orally transmitted fragments of medieval poetry to create his Rimes Guernesiaises 1831 Denys Corbet 1826 1910 was considered the Last Poet of Guernsey French and published many poems in his day in his native tongue both in the island newspaper and privately The most recent dictionary of Guernesiais Dictiounnaire Angllais guernesiais by Marie de Garis was published in 1967 and revised in 1982 5 Guernesiais tops this list of welcome messages at Guernsey s tourism office in Saint Peter PortContents 1 History 2 Current status 3 Revitalization 4 Bible translations 5 Phonology 6 Verbs 7 Examples 8 See also 9 References 10 Sources 11 External linksHistory EditGuernsey was a part of Normandy until the latter was conquered by French kings a form of the Norman language developed in the Channel Islands and survived for hundreds of years 6 Guernesiais is considered to be one of the langues d oil which includes French and its closest relatives 7 Later after the separation of Guernsey and Normandy French Protestant refugees escaped to the island from fear of persecution in mainland France they quickly gained influence and positions of power in education religion and government 6 This accounts for the long tradition of a diglossic relationship between French and Guernesiais 8 whereby French had prestige while Guernesiais did not 9 The English language began to spread in Guernsey in the era of the Napoleonic Wars during which there was a significant outposting of English soldiers on the island 10 as well as an increase of English tourism and immigration 11 With the German occupation of Guernsey from 1940 to 1945 Guernesiais suffered more of a decline because children were evacuated off the island which resulted in Guernesiais not being transmitted to much of their generation 11 It is from this point onwards that Guernesiais continued to decline in use 11 and so according to the 2001 census conducted in Guernsey only 2 2 of the population at the time reported being fluent in Guernesiais 12 Guernsey poet George Metivier 1790 1881 nicknamed the Guernsey Burns was the first to produce a dictionary of the Norman language in the Channel Islands the Dictionnaire Franco Normand 1870 This established the first standard orthography later modified and modernised Among his poetical works are Rimes Guernesiaises published in 1831 citation needed Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte published the Gospel of Matthew by George Metivier in Dgernesiais in London in 1863 as part of his philological research Like Metivier Tam Lenfestey 1818 1885 published poetry in Guernsey newspapers and in book form Denys Corbet 1826 1909 described himself as the Drain Rimeux last poet but literary production continued Corbet is best known for his poems especially the epic L Touar de Guernesy a picaresque tour of the parishes of Guernsey As editor of the French language newspaper Le Bailliage he also wrote feuilletons in Dgernesiais under the pen name Badlagoule chatterbox In 2009 the island held a special exhibition in the Forest Parish on Corbet and his work acknowledging the centenary of his death and unveiling a contemporary portrait painting of the artist by Christian Corbet a cousin to Denys Corbet Thomas Martin 1839 1921 translated into Guernesiais the Bible the plays of William Shakespeare twelve plays by Pierre Corneille three plays by Thomas Corneille twenty seven plays by Moliere twenty plays by Voltaire and The Spanish Student by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 13 Thomas Henry Mahy 1862 21 April 1936 wrote Dires et Pensees du Courtil Poussin a regular column in La Gazette Officielle de Guernesey from 1916 A collection was published in booklet form in 1922 He was still publishing occasional pieces of poetry and prose by the start of the 1930s Thomas Alfred Grut 1852 1933 published Des lures guernesiaises in 1927 once again a collection of newspaper columns He also translated some of the Jerriais stories of Philippe Le Sueur Mourant into Dgernesiais Marjorie Ozanne 1897 1973 wrote stories published in the Guernsey Evening Press between 1949 and 1965 Some earlier pieces can be found in La Gazette de Guernesey in the 1920s Ken Hill translated many of Marjorie Ozanne s short stories and poems into English with the Guernsey accent of the early 20th century The work was published by the Guernsey society Metivier s dictionary was superseded by Marie de Garis 1910 2010 Dictiounnaire Angllais Guernesiais first edition published in 1967 supplements 1969 and 1973 third edition 1982 When the Channel Islands were invaded by Germany in World War II Dgernesiais experienced a minor revival Many Guernsey people did not always wish the occupying forces to understand what they were saying especially as some of the soldiers had knowledge of English Victor Hugo includes the odd word of Dgernesiais in some of his Channel Island novels Hugo s novel Toilers of the Sea French Les Travailleurs de la mer is credited with introducing the Guernesiais word for octopus pieuvre into the French language standard French for octopus is poulpe A collection of short stories P tites Lures Guernesiaises in Guernesiais with parallel English translation by various writers was published in 2006 14 Current status EditThe 2001 census showed that 1327 1262 Guernsey born or 2 of the population speak the language fluently while 3 fully understand the language citation needed However most of these 70 or 934 of the 1327 fluent speakers are over 64 years old Among the young only 0 1 or one in a thousand are fluent speakers However 14 of the population claim some understanding of the language citation needed L Assembllaie d Guernesiais an association for speakers of the language founded in 1957 has published a periodical Les Ravigoteurs another association has published a storybook and cassette for children Forest School hosts an annual speaking contest of the island s primary school children Year 6 The annual Eisteddfod provides an opportunity for performances in the language and radio and newspaper outlets furnish regular media output There is some teaching of the language in voluntary classes in schools in Guernsey 15 Evening classes are available as of 2013 15 Lunchtime classes are offered at the Guernsey Museum as of 2013 Along with Jerriais Irish Scottish Gaelic Welsh Manx and Scots in Scotland as well as the Ulster Scots dialects Guernesiais is recognised as a regional language by the British and Irish governments within the framework of the British Irish Council BBC Radio Guernsey and the Guernsey Press both feature occasional lessons 16 A Guernesiais language development officer was appointed with effect from January 2008 17 There is little broadcasting in the language with ITV Channel Television more or less ignoring the language and only the occasional short feature on BBC Radio Guernsey usually for learners In 2021 BBC Radio Guernsey broadcast a 10 minute news bulletin once a week in Guernesiais 18 In 2022 a documentary on the future of Guernsey French was produced for BBC radio 19 The creation of a Guernsey Language Commission was announced on 7 February 2013 20 as an initiative by government to preserve the linguistic culture The Commission has operated since Liberation Day 9 May 2013 Revitalization EditWhile Guernesiais does not have status as an official language of the island revitalization efforts are still being undertaken on a small scale 21 One group Le Coumite d la Culture Guernesiaise organizes activities and events that celebrate Guernesiais 21 The Eisteddfod cultural festival is a public event where attendees can enjoy plays poems and music performed in Guernesiais 22 There is also a local choir on Guernsey called La Guaine du Vouest who conduct musical performances in Guernesiais to further promote the language and the cultural and linguistic heritage of Guernsey 23 It wasn t until 2007 when efforts to revitalize Guernesiais were undertaken at an official level when the government appointed a Language Support Officer LSO albeit with ambiguous direction 24 The position was only held until 2011 after that there was no replacement and instead a Language Commission was formed in order to support efforts to revitalize Guernesiais by smaller groups 24 Bible translations EditGeorge Metivier translated the Gospel of Matthew into Guernesiais and it was published in London in 1863 This is now online 25 Thomas Martin translated the whole Bible into Guernesiais and this has never been published 26 Phonology EditGuernesiais consonants 27 28 Labial Alveolar Post alveolar Palatal Velar glottalNasal m n ɲPlosive affricate voiceless p t tʃ kʲ kvoiced b d dʒ ɡʲ ɡFricative voiceless f s ʃ hvoiced v z ʒRhotic rApproximant plain l jlabial ɥ w r may also be heard as a tap sound ɾ tʃ dʒ are heard by different dialects as well as older speakers as palatalized plosives kʲ ɡʲ Guernesiais oral vowels Front Backunrounded roundedClose i iː y yː u uːClose mid e eː o oː o oːOpen mid ɛ ɛː œ œː ɔ ɔːOpen a aː ɑ ɑːNasal vowels Front Backunrounded roundedClose mid ẽ ẽː o oːOpen mid ɛ ɛ ː œ œ ː ɔ ɔ ːOpen a aː ɑ ɑ ːVowel sounds a a aː aː may also be heard as near open ae ae aeː ae ː Metathesis of r is common in Guernesiais by comparison with Sercquiais and Jerriais Guernesiais Sercquiais Jerriais French Englishkerouaie krwee crouaix croix crossmequerdi mekredi Mecredi mercredi WednesdayOther examples are pourmenade promenade persentair present terpid tripod Verbs Editaver have auxiliary verb present preterite imperfect future conditional1 sg j ai j aeus j avais j erai j erais2 sg t as t aeus t avais t eras t erais3 sg m il a il aeut il avait il era il erait3 sg f all a all aeut all avait all era all erait1 pl j avaons j eunmes j avaemes j eraons j eraemes2 pl vous avaiz vous aeutes vous avaites vous eraiz vous eraites3 pl il aont il aeurent il avaient il eraont il eraientoimair to love regular conjugation present preterite imperfect future conditional1 sg j oime j oimis j oimais j oim rai j oim rais2 sg t oimes t oimis t oimais t oim ras t oim rais3 sg m il oime il oimit il oimait il oim ra il oim rait3 sg f all oime all oimit all oimait all oim ra all oim rait1 pl j oimaons j oimaemes j oimaemes j oim rons j oim raemes2 pl vous oimaiz vous oimites vous oimaites vous oim raiz vous oim raites3 pl il oiment il oimirent il oimaient il oim raont il oim raientExamples Edit nbsp Learn Guernesiais with the BBCBBC GuernseyYour voice in the Islands Guernesiais Pronunciation English FrenchQuai temps qu i fait What s the weather like Quel temps fait il I fait caoud ogniet It s warm today Il fait chaud aujourd huiTchi qu est vote naom What s your name Formal Comment vous appellez vous Colloquial Comment t appelles tu Comment tu t appelles Quel est votre nom Coume tchi que l affaire va kum chik la fehr va How are you Lit How s business going Comment vont les affaires Quai heure qu il est What s the time Quelle heure est il A la perchoine a la per shoy n See you next time Au revoirA la prochaineMercie bian Thank you very much Merci beaucoupColl Merci bienchen chin this cecich techin this one celui ciLatchiz me Leave me Laissez moiSee also EditAuregnais dialect Literature in the other languages of Britain Sarnia Cherie SercquiaisReferences Edit Guernesiais at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Jerriais Guernesiais IANA language subtag registry 12 February 2015 Retrieved 11 February 2019 Guernsey IANA language subtag registry 29 March 2006 Retrieved 11 February 2019 Jones Mari C 2022 A Pocketful of Guernesiais Guernsey Blue Ormer ISBN 9781838107680 Retrieved 17 Oct 2023 Dictiounnaire Angllais guernesiais Societe guernesiaise 1967 a b Sallabank Julia 2005 02 15 Prestige From the Bottom Up A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey Current Issues in Language Planning 6 1 44 63 doi 10 1080 14664200508668272 ISSN 1466 4208 S2CID 144404229 Wilson Gary N Johnson Henry Sallabank Julia 2015 07 03 I m not dead yet a comparative study of indigenous language revitalization in the Isle of Man Jersey and Guernsey Current Issues in Language Planning 16 3 259 278 doi 10 1080 14664208 2014 972535 ISSN 1466 4208 S2CID 145626745 Sallabank Julia 2013 07 01 Can majority support save an endangered language A case study of language attitudes in Guernsey Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 34 4 332 347 doi 10 1080 01434632 2013 794808 ISSN 0143 4632 S2CID 144265439 The sociolinguistics of identity Tope Omoniyi Goodith White London Continuum 2006 ISBN 978 1 4411 4127 9 OCLC 457729388 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link The sociolinguistics of identity Tope Omoniyi Goodith White London Continuum 2006 ISBN 978 1 4411 4127 9 OCLC 457729388 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link a b c Sallabank Julia 2005 02 15 Prestige From the Bottom Up A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey Current Issues in Language Planning 6 1 44 63 doi 10 1080 14664200508668272 ISSN 1466 4208 S2CID 144404229 Sallabank Julia 2010 The Role of Social Networks in Endangered Language Maintenance and Revitalization The Case of Guernesiais in the Channel Islands Anthropological Linguistics 52 2 184 205 doi 10 1353 anl 2010 0011 ISSN 1944 6527 S2CID 144832850 The Guernsey Norman French Translations of Thomas Martin A Linguistic Study of an Unpublished Archive Mari C Jones Leuven 2008 ISBN 978 90 429 2113 9 P tites Lures Guernesiaises edited Hazel Tomlinson Jersey 2006 ISBN 1 903341 47 7 a b Learn Guernsey s language in a lunch break IFC Feed com Guernsey 2013 10 11 Archived from the original on 2013 10 29 Retrieved 2013 10 24 Learn a bit of Guernsey French 2 May 2008 Guernesiais promoter starts work BBC 29 December 2007 Retrieved 2009 06 17 Learn Guernesiais and keep it alive 29 March 2021 BBC Guernsey Documentary The Future of Guernsey French Retrieved 9 October 2023 Language commission to be formed Guernsey Press 8 February 2013 Retrieved 12 February 2013 a b Sallabank Julia 2005 02 15 Prestige From the Bottom Up A Review of Language Planning in Guernsey Current Issues in Language Planning 6 1 44 63 doi 10 1080 14664200508668272 ISSN 1466 4208 S2CID 144404229 Wilson Gary N Johnson Henry Sallabank Julia 2015 07 03 I m not dead yet a comparative study of indigenous language revitalization in the Isle of Man Jersey and Guernsey Current Issues in Language Planning 16 3 259 278 doi 10 1080 14664208 2014 972535 ISSN 1466 4208 S2CID 145626745 Johnson Henry 2012 12 01 The Group from the West Song endangered language and sonic activism on Guernsey Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 1 2 99 112 doi 10 1016 j imic 2012 11 006 ISSN 2212 6821 a b Wilson Gary N Johnson Henry Sallabank Julia 2015 07 03 I m not dead yet a comparative study of indigenous language revitalization in the Isle of Man Jersey and Guernsey Current Issues in Language Planning 16 3 259 278 doi 10 1080 14664208 2014 972535 ISSN 1466 4208 S2CID 145626745 Saint Makyu 1 L Saint Evangile Sievant Saint Makyu 1863 GUE1863 Chapter 1 The Bible App Bible com www bible com Retrieved 31 March 2018 Jones Mari C 2008 The Guernsey Norman French Translations of Thomas Martin A Linguistic Study of an Unpublished Archive Leuven Peeters ISBN 978 90 429 2113 9 Simmonds Helen Margaret 2012 Channeling Change Evolution in Guernsey Norman French Phonology University of Exeter Jones Mari 2015 Variation and Change in Mainland and Insular Norman A Study of Superstrate Influence Brill Leiden pp 34 99 Sources EditDe Garis Marie 5 November 1982 Dictiounnaire Angllais Guernesiais Phillimore amp Co Ltd ISBN 978 0 85033 462 3 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guernesiais nbsp Norman language including Guernesiais edition of Wikipedia the free encyclopedia What is Dgernesiais Guernesiais today by Julia Sallabank from the BBC Texts in Dgernesiais La Societe Guernesiaise Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guernesiais amp oldid 1180558031, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
