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Wikipedia

OpenWrt

October 26, 2023

OpenWrt (from open wireless router) is an open-source project for embedded operating systems based on Linux, primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic. The main components are Linux, util-linux, musl,[4] and BusyBox. All components have been optimized to be small enough to fit into the limited storage and memory available in home routers.

OpenWrt
OpenWrt 18.06.1 login screen
DeveloperOpenWrt Project
OS familyLinux (Unix-like)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseJanuary 2004; 19 years ago (2004-01)
Latest release23.05.0[1]  / 13 October 2023; 13 days ago (13 October 2023)
Repository
  • git.openwrt.org/openwrt/openwrt.git
Available inEnglish, Chinese, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Spanish, Welsh + 25 partially translated languages[2]
Update methodopkg
Package manageropkg
Platforms50 different platforms using the following Instruction sets: ARC, ARM, m68k, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, SuperH, x86, x86-64[3]
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
UserlandBusyBox
Default
user interface		CLI, WebUIs (LuCI)
LicenseFree software (GPL and other licenses)
Official websiteopenwrt.org

OpenWrt is configured using a command-line interface (ash shell) or a web interface (LuCI). There are about 8000 optional software packages available for installation via the opkg package management system.

OpenWrt can run on various types of devices, including CPE routers, residential gateways, smartphones, pocket computers (e.g. Ben NanoNote). It is also possible to run OpenWrt on personal computers and laptops.

History edit

The OpenWrt project was started in 2004 after Linksys had built the firmware for their WRT54G series of wireless routers with code licensed under the GNU General Public License.[5] Under the terms of that license, Linksys was required to make the source code of its modified version available under the same license,[6][7] which enabled independent developers to create derivative versions. Support was originally limited to the WRT54G series, but has since been expanded to include many other routers and devices from many different manufacturers.

Using this code as a base and later as a reference, developers created a Linux distribution that offers many features not previously found in consumer-level routers. Early on some features required proprietary software. For example, prior to OpenWrt 8.09 (based on Linux 2.6.25 and the b43 kernel module) WLAN for many Broadcom-based routers could only be had via the proprietary wl.o module (and which required Linux 2.4.x).

OpenWrt releases were historically named after cocktails, such as White Russian, Kamikaze, Backfire, Attitude Adjustment, Barrier Breaker and Chaos Calmer, and their recipes were included in the message of the day (motd) displayed after logging in using the command-line interface.

In May 2016, OpenWrt was forked by a group of core OpenWrt contributors due to disagreements on internal process.[8] The fork was dubbed Linux Embedded Development Environment (LEDE). The schism was reconciled a year later.[9] Following the remerger, announced in January 2018,[10] the OpenWrt branding is preserved, with many of the LEDE processes and rules used. The LEDE project name was used for v17.01, with development versions of 18.01 branded OpenWrt, dropping the original cocktail based naming scheme.[11]


Releases edit

Version (Code name) Release date Kernel libc Notes
0.9 (White Russian) January 2006 2.4.30 uClibc NVRAM-based, nas, wl. Supported platform: brcm-2.4.
7.06 (Kamikaze) June 2007 2.6.19 Using opkg. Supported platforms: atheros-2.6, au1000-2.6, brcm-2.4, brcm47xx-2.6, ixp4xx-2.6, imagicbox-2.6, rb532-2.6 and x86-2.6.
7.07 (Kamikaze) July 2007 2.6.21 New platform: amcc-2.6.
7.09 (Kamikaze) September 2007
8.09 (Kamikaze) September 2008 2.6.26 New platform: ar71xx.
10.03 (Backfire) April 7, 2010[12] 2.6.32 Supported platforms: adm5120_mips, adm5120_mipsel, ar7, ar71xx, atheros, au1000, avr32, brcm-2.4, brcm47xx, brcm63xx, cobalt, ep80579, ifxmips, ixp4xx, kirkwood, octeon, orion, ppc40x, ppc44x, rb532, rdc, x86 and xburst.
12.09 (Attitude Adjustment) April 25, 2013[13] 3.3 CoDel (network scheduler) backported from Linux 3.5 to 3.3. New platforms: ramips, bcm2708 (Raspberry Pi) and others.
14.07 (Barrier Breaker) October 2, 2014[14] 3.10.49[15] New platforms: i.MX23, i.MX6.[16]
15.05 (Chaos Calmer) September 11, 2015[17] 3.18.20[18] nftables (available since Linux kernel 3.12); New platforms: TBA if any
15.05.1 (Chaos Calmer) March 16, 2016[19] 3.18.23[19]
17.01.7 (Reboot (OpenWrt/LEDE))[20] June 20, 2019[21] 4.4.182[22] musl[23]
18.06.0 July 31, 2018 4.9.111, 4.14.52
18.06.1 August 19, 2018 4.9.120, 4.14.63
18.06.2 January 31, 2019 4.9.152, 4.14.95
18.06.4 July 1, 2019 4.9.184, 4.14.131
18.06.5 November 8, 2019 4.9.198, 4.14.151
18.06.6 January 10, 2020 4.9.208, 4.14.162
18.06.7 January 31, 2020 4.9.211, 4.14.167
18.06.8 March 6, 2020 4.9.214, 4.14.171
18.06.9 December 9, 2020 4.9.243, 4.14.206 Security fixes (SAD DNS[24]), core component updates and more device support. End of 18.06 support.[25]
19.07.0 January 6, 2020 4.14.162 WPA3 support.[26] Flow offloading (beta).[27]
19.07.1 January 31, 2020 4.14.167 Security and bug fixes and more device support.[28]
19.07.2 March 6, 2020 4.14.171 Security and bug fixes and more device support.[29]
19.07.3 May 20, 2020 4.14.180 Security and bug fixes and more device support.[30]
19.07.4 September 10, 2020 4.14.195 Stability and device support.[31]
19.07.5 December 9, 2020 4.14.209 Regressions and security fixes (SAD DNS[24]).[32]
19.07.6 January 19, 2021 4.14.215 Security and bug fixes [33]
19.07.7 February 18, 2021 4.14.221 Security and bug fixes [34]
19.07.8 August 7, 2021 4.14.241 Security and bug fixes [35]
19.07.9 February 25, 2022 4.14.267 Security and bug fixes [36]
19.07.10 April 20, 2022 4.14.275 Security and bug fixes [37]
21.02.0 September 4, 2021 5.4.143 WPA3, TLS and HTTPS support included by default, initial DSA support, LXC and ujail support [38]
21.02.1 October 25, 2021 5.4.154 Security and bug fixes [39]
21.02.2 February 25, 2022 5.4.179 Security and bug fixes [40]
21.02.3 April 20, 2022 5.4.188 Security and bug fixes [41]
21.02.4 October 12, 2022 5.4.215 Security and bug fixes [42]
21.02.5 October 17, 2022 5.4.215 Security fixes only [43]
22.03.0 September 6, 2022 5.10.138 Firewall4 based on nftables, many new devices added, more targets converted to DSA, dark mode in LuCI, year 2038 problem handled, core components updated.[44]
22.03.1 October 12, 2022 5.10.146 Security and bug fixes [45]
22.03.2 October 17, 2022 5.10.146 Security and bug fixes [46]
22.03.3 January 9, 2023 5.10.161 Security and bug fixes [47]
22.03.4 April 10, 2023 5.10.176 Security and bug fixes [48]
22.03.5 May 1, 2023 5.10.176 Security and bug fixes [49]
23.05.0 October 13, 2023 5.15.134 New devices added, ipq40xx target converted to DSA, default cryptographic library switched to mbedtls, core components updated.[50]
Legend:   Old version   Older version, still maintained   Latest version

LEDE edit

This section is about the wireless network router operating system. For other uses, see Lede (disambiguation).
LEDE
 
 
Login banner
DeveloperLEDE Project
OS familyUnix-like
Working stateMerged with OpenWrt
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseMay 2016; 7 years ago (2016-05)
Repository
  • git.openwrt.org/openwrt/openwrt.git  
Available in26 languages[51]
Update methodopkg
Package manageropkg
Platforms23 platforms using the following Instruction sets: AVR32, ARM, CRIS, m68k, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, SuperH, Ubicom32, x86, x86-64[52]
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
UserlandBusyBox, GNU
Default
user interface		CLI, WebUIs
LicenseFree software (GPL and other licenses)
Official websitelede-project.org

The Linux Embedded Development Environment (LEDE) project was a fork of the OpenWrt project and shared many of the same goals.[53][54][55][56][57] It was created in May 2016 by a group of core OpenWrt contributors due to disagreements on OpenWrt internal processes.[54] The schism was nominally reconciled a year later in May 2017 pending approval of the LEDE developers.[58] The remerger preserves the OpenWrt branding, but uses many of the LEDE processes and rules. The remerge proposal vote was passed by LEDE developers in June 2017,[59] and formally announced in January 2018.[60] The merging process was completed before the OpenWrt 18.06 release.[61]

Version Release Date Revision Number[62] Notes
17.01.0 22 February 2017 r3205 First stable release[63]
17.01.1 19 April 2017 r3316 Kernel 4.4.61, bug fixes and enhancements[64]
17.01.2 12 June 2017 r3435 Kernel 4.4.71, security fixes[65]
17.01.3 3 October 2017 r3534 Kernel 4.4.89, security fixes[66]
17.01.4 18 October 2017 r3560 Kernel 4.4.92, security fixes (KRACK, as far as addressable by server side fixes)[67]
17.01.5 18 July 2018 r3919 Kernel 4.4.140, security fixes [68]
17.01.6 3 September 2018 r3979 Kernel 4.4.153, security fixes [69]

Features edit

OpenWrt features a writeable root file system, enabling users to modify any file and easily install additional software. This is in contrast with other firmware based on read-only file systems which don't allow modifying installed software without rebuilding and flashing a complete firmware image. This is accomplished by overlaying a read-only compressed SquashFS file system with a writeable JFFS2 file system using overlayfs.[70][71] Additional software can be installed with the opkg package manager and the package repository contains approximately 8000 packages (by 2022).

 
LuCI

OpenWrt can be configured through either a command-line interface or a web interface called LuCI. OpenWrt provides set of scripts called UCI (unified configuration interface) to unify and simplify configuration through the command-line interface.[72] Additional web interfaces, such as Gargoyle, are also available.

OpenWrt provides regular bug fixes and security updates even for devices that are no longer supported by their manufacturers.

OpenWrt provides exhaustive possibilities to configure common network-related features, like IPv4, IPv6, DNS, DHCP, routing, firewall, NAT, port forwarding and WPA.

Other features include:

Development edit

OpenWrt's development environment and build system, known together as OpenWrt Buildroot, are based on a heavily modified Buildroot system. OpenWrt Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that automates the process of building a complete Linux-based OpenWrt system for an embedded device, by building and using an appropriate cross-compilation toolchain.[75][76]

Embedded devices usually use a different processor than the one found in host computers used for building their OpenWrt system images, requiring a cross-compilation toolchain. Such a compilation toolchain runs on a host system but generates code for a targeted embedded device and its processor's instruction set architecture (ISA). For example, if a host system uses x86 and a target system uses MIPS32, the regular compilation toolchain of the host runs on x86 and generates code for x86 architecture, while the cross-compilation toolchain runs on x86 and generates code for the MIPS32 architecture. OpenWrt Buildroot automates this whole process to work on the instruction set architectures of most embedded devices and host systems.[75][77]

OpenWrt Buildroot provides the following features:[75][77]

  • Makes it easy to port software across architectures
  • Uses kconfig (Linux kernel menuconfig) for the configuration of all options
  • Provides an integrated cross-compiler toolchain (gcc, ld, uClibc etc.)
  • Provides an abstraction for autotools (automake, autoconf), CMake and SCons
  • Handles standard OpenWrt image build workflow: downloading, patching, configuration, compilation and packaging
  • Provides a number of common fixes for known badly behaving packages

Besides building system images, OpenWrt development environment also provides a mechanism for simplified cross-platform building of OpenWrt software packages. Source code for each software package is required to provide a Makefile-like set of building instructions, and an optional set of patches for bug fixes or footprint optimizations.[78]

Hardware compatibility edit

OpenWrt runs many different routers and includes a table of compatible hardware on its website.[79] In its buyer's guide,[80] it notes that users recommend devices equipped with wireless chips from either Qualcomm's Atheros, Ralink (now MediaTek) or any vendor with open source drivers and specifications. OpenWrt also recommends choosing a device with a minimum of 8 MB of flash and 64 MB of RAM, preferably higher amounts.[81]

Adoption edit

OpenWrt, especially its Buildroot build system, has been adopted as the structure for other efforts. For example

  • AltiWi "one-time-fee-only" replacement for Cloudtrax.
  • Bufferbloat.net (Cerowrt)
  • Freifunk and other mesh network communities
  • IETF IPv6 integration projects HIPnet and HomeNet are OpenWrt-based
  • prplOS, carrier-grade framework designed to power ISPs routers and gateways made by Prpl Foundation
  • SIMET Box, developed by NIC.br, is OpenWrt-based[82]

Derivative projects edit

See also: List of router firmware projects
  • AREDN The Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network uses a firmware based on OpenWrt: GitHub Project
  • CeroWrt – (2011—2014) project to resolve bufferbloat in home networking, support IPv6, integrate DNSSEC, for wired and wireless, to complement the debloat-testing kernel tree and provide a platform for real-world testing of bufferbloat fixes.[83] The CeroWRT project is completely by 2014, when the finalized fixes were merged into OpenWRT. The "Bufferbloat project" behind CeroWRT went on to research new methods such as CAKE.[84]
  • Coova chilli – OpenWrt-based with focus on wireless hotspots, a fork of chillifire with focus on wireless hotspot management
  • Flukso – Wireless sensor nodes using an Atheros AR2317 chipset running a patched OpenWrt OS for communication. Sources and hardware schematics available on GitHub.
  • Fon – OpenWrt-based wireless routers acting as hotspots. Sources and toolchain available on fonosfera.org
  • Gargoyle – a web interface for OpenWrt with a strong emphasis on usability that later forked into a separate distribution
  • Gluon – Framework for building OpenWrt-based firmwares fitted for mesh network deployment: GitHub Project
  • JUCIWRT – a modern distribution using the JUCI webgui that later became an OpenWrt feed instead. The source code for JUCI is available at mkschreder/juci and is still usable by installing openwrt feed found at mkschreder/juci-openwrt-feed
  • libreCMC – OpenWrt-based distribution which excludes non-free software or binary blobs, endorsed by the Free Software Foundation[85]
  • Linino – OpenWrt-based distribution for the MIPS-based Arduino Yùn: GitHub Project
  • Midge Linux – an OpenWrt-based distribution for devices based on Infineon Technologies ADM-5120 SoCs, such as Edimax BR-6104K and BR-6104KP.
  • OpenMPTCProuter – aggregation of multiple Internet connections using Multipath TCP
  • OpenSAN – iSCSI target Storage Area Network realization.
  • PacketProtector – OpenWrt-based security distribution that includes IDS, IPS, VPN, and web antivirus capabilities. Packages included Snort, Snort-inline, FreeRADIUS, OpenVPN, DansGuardian and ClamAV. These tools were accessible via the old web GUI management interface of OpenWrt, called X-Wrt or webif^2. Project ended on June 7, 2012.[86]
  • Qualcomm's QCA Software Development Kit (QSDK) which is being used as a development basis by many OEMs is an OpenWrt derivative
  • RutOS – an operating system for all Teltonika routers, based on OpenWrt. Source code found at GPL - Teltonika Networks Wiki.
  • SmoothWAN – aggregation of multiple Internet connections and network conditioning using Speedify, Engarde and tinyfecvpn.
  • Turris Omnia and Turris MOX routers run on an OpenWrt derivative
  • Ubiquiti's wireless router firmwares are based on OpenWrt
  • Diverse grassroots projects for wireless community networks, including Freifunk, Libre-Mesh and qMp
  • Some TP-Link, Xiaomi, ZyXEL and D-Link router firmwares are derived from OpenWrt[87][88]
  • FreeWRT was a Linux distribution that was used in embedded systems such as WLAN devices from Linksys and Asus. Not related to a project (with same name) based on Sveasoft firmware.[citation needed]
  • Friendly Electronics manufactures the NanoPi series of SoC devices and makes available an OpenWRT derivative OS called FriendlyWRT.[89]
  • Ansuel's Technicolor Custom GUI a modified management web interface developed on the basis of the official Technicolor for Homeware firmware, which runs a fork of OpenWrt, unlocking Technicolor Modem/Routers.[90]

See also edit

References edit

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  88. ^ "GPL Source Code Support; D-Link". tsd.dlink.com.tw.
  89. ^ "FriendlyElec Downloads".
  90. ^ "Ansuel GUI". Ansuel Github. August 16, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2022.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to OpenWrt.
  • OpenWrt Firmware Selector
  • OpenWrt Downloads
  • OpenWrt on GitHub
  • OpenWrt Mailing Lists
  • LuCI project
  • OpenWrt Summit
  • GPL Code Center at Linksys

October 26, 2023
openwrt, this, article, rely, excessively, sources, closely, associated, with, subject, potentially, preventing, article, from, being, verifiable, neutral, please, help, improve, replacing, them, with, more, appropriate, citations, reliable, independent, third. This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable independent third party sources November 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message OpenWrt from open wireless router is an open source project for embedded operating systems based on Linux primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic The main components are Linux util linux musl 4 and BusyBox All components have been optimized to be small enough to fit into the limited storage and memory available in home routers OpenWrtOpenWrt 18 06 1 login screenDeveloperOpenWrt ProjectOS familyLinux Unix like Working stateCurrentSource modelOpen sourceInitial releaseJanuary 2004 19 years ago 2004 01 Latest release23 05 0 1 13 October 2023 13 days ago 13 October 2023 Repositorygit wbr openwrt wbr org wbr openwrt wbr openwrt wbr gitAvailable inEnglish Chinese Polish Portuguese Punjabi Spanish Welsh 25 partially translated languages 2 Update methodopkgPackage manageropkgPlatforms50 different platforms using the following Instruction sets ARC ARM m68k MIPS PowerPC SPARC SuperH x86 x86 64 3 Kernel typeMonolithic Linux UserlandBusyBoxDefaultuser interfaceCLI WebUIs LuCI LicenseFree software GPL and other licenses Official websiteopenwrt wbr orgOpenWrt is configured using a command line interface ash shell or a web interface LuCI There are about 8000 optional software packages available for installation via the opkg package management system OpenWrt can run on various types of devices including CPE routers residential gateways smartphones pocket computers e g Ben NanoNote It is also possible to run OpenWrt on personal computers and laptops Contents 1 History 1 1 Releases 1 2 LEDE 2 Features 3 Development 4 Hardware compatibility 5 Adoption 5 1 Derivative projects 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editThe OpenWrt project was started in 2004 after Linksys had built the firmware for their WRT54G series of wireless routers with code licensed under the GNU General Public License 5 Under the terms of that license Linksys was required to make the source code of its modified version available under the same license 6 7 which enabled independent developers to create derivative versions Support was originally limited to the WRT54G series but has since been expanded to include many other routers and devices from many different manufacturers Using this code as a base and later as a reference developers created a Linux distribution that offers many features not previously found in consumer level routers Early on some features required proprietary software For example prior to OpenWrt 8 09 based on Linux 2 6 25 and the b43 kernel module WLAN for many Broadcom based routers could only be had via the proprietary wl o module and which required Linux 2 4 x OpenWrt releases were historically named after cocktails such as White Russian Kamikaze Backfire Attitude Adjustment Barrier Breaker and Chaos Calmer and their recipes were included in the message of the day motd displayed after logging in using the command line interface In May 2016 OpenWrt was forked by a group of core OpenWrt contributors due to disagreements on internal process 8 The fork was dubbed Linux Embedded Development Environment LEDE The schism was reconciled a year later 9 Following the remerger announced in January 2018 10 the OpenWrt branding is preserved with many of the LEDE processes and rules used The LEDE project name was used for v17 01 with development versions of 18 01 branded OpenWrt dropping the original cocktail based naming scheme 11 Releases edit Version Code name Release date Kernel libc Notes0 9 White Russian January 2006 2 4 30 uClibc NVRAM based nas wl Supported platform brcm 2 4 7 06 Kamikaze June 2007 2 6 19 Using opkg Supported platforms atheros 2 6 au1000 2 6 brcm 2 4 brcm47xx 2 6 ixp4xx 2 6 imagicbox 2 6 rb532 2 6 and x86 2 6 7 07 Kamikaze July 2007 2 6 21 New platform amcc 2 6 7 09 Kamikaze September 20078 09 Kamikaze September 2008 2 6 26 New platform ar71xx 10 03 Backfire April 7 2010 12 2 6 32 Supported platforms adm5120 mips adm5120 mipsel ar7 ar71xx atheros a href Alchemy microarchitecture html class mw redirect title Alchemy microarchitecture au1000 a avr32 brcm 2 4 brcm47xx brcm63xx cobalt ep80579 ifxmips ixp4xx kirkwood octeon orion ppc40x ppc44x rb532 rdc x86 and a href XBurst microarchitecture html class mw redirect title XBurst microarchitecture xburst a 12 09 Attitude Adjustment April 25 2013 13 3 3 CoDel network scheduler backported from Linux 3 5 to 3 3 New platforms ramips bcm2708 Raspberry Pi and others 14 07 Barrier Breaker October 2 2014 14 3 10 49 15 New platforms a href I MX html i MX23 family title I MX i MX23 a a href I MX html i MX6x series title I MX i MX6 a 16 15 05 Chaos Calmer September 11 2015 17 3 18 20 18 nftables available since Linux kernel 3 12 New platforms TBA if any15 05 1 Chaos Calmer March 16 2016 19 3 18 23 19 17 01 7 Reboot OpenWrt LEDE 20 June 20 2019 21 4 4 182 22 musl 23 18 06 0 July 31 2018 4 9 111 4 14 5218 06 1 August 19 2018 4 9 120 4 14 6318 06 2 January 31 2019 4 9 152 4 14 9518 06 4 July 1 2019 4 9 184 4 14 13118 06 5 November 8 2019 4 9 198 4 14 15118 06 6 January 10 2020 4 9 208 4 14 16218 06 7 January 31 2020 4 9 211 4 14 16718 06 8 March 6 2020 4 9 214 4 14 17118 06 9 December 9 2020 4 9 243 4 14 206 Security fixes SAD DNS 24 core component updates and more device support End of 18 06 support 25 19 07 0 January 6 2020 4 14 162 WPA3 support 26 Flow offloading beta 27 19 07 1 January 31 2020 4 14 167 Security and bug fixes and more device support 28 19 07 2 March 6 2020 4 14 171 Security and bug fixes and more device support 29 19 07 3 May 20 2020 4 14 180 Security and bug fixes and more device support 30 19 07 4 September 10 2020 4 14 195 Stability and device support 31 19 07 5 December 9 2020 4 14 209 Regressions and security fixes SAD DNS 24 32 19 07 6 January 19 2021 4 14 215 Security and bug fixes 33 19 07 7 February 18 2021 4 14 221 Security and bug fixes 34 19 07 8 August 7 2021 4 14 241 Security and bug fixes 35 19 07 9 February 25 2022 4 14 267 Security and bug fixes 36 19 07 10 April 20 2022 4 14 275 Security and bug fixes 37 21 02 0 September 4 2021 5 4 143 WPA3 TLS and HTTPS support included by default initial DSA support LXC and ujail support 38 21 02 1 October 25 2021 5 4 154 Security and bug fixes 39 21 02 2 February 25 2022 5 4 179 Security and bug fixes 40 21 02 3 April 20 2022 5 4 188 Security and bug fixes 41 21 02 4 October 12 2022 5 4 215 Security and bug fixes 42 21 02 5 October 17 2022 5 4 215 Security fixes only 43 22 03 0 September 6 2022 5 10 138 Firewall4 based on nftables many new devices added more targets converted to DSA dark mode in LuCI year 2038 problem handled core components updated 44 22 03 1 October 12 2022 5 10 146 Security and bug fixes 45 22 03 2 October 17 2022 5 10 146 Security and bug fixes 46 22 03 3 January 9 2023 5 10 161 Security and bug fixes 47 22 03 4 April 10 2023 5 10 176 Security and bug fixes 48 22 03 5 May 1 2023 5 10 176 Security and bug fixes 49 23 05 0 October 13 2023 5 15 134 New devices added ipq40xx target converted to DSA default cryptographic library switched to mbedtls core components updated 50 Legend Old version Older version still maintained Latest versionLEDE edit This section is about the wireless network router operating system For other uses see Lede disambiguation LEDE nbsp nbsp Login bannerDeveloperLEDE ProjectOS familyUnix likeWorking stateMerged with OpenWrtSource modelOpen sourceInitial releaseMay 2016 7 years ago 2016 05 Repositorygit wbr openwrt wbr org wbr openwrt wbr openwrt wbr git nbsp Available in26 languages 51 Update methodopkgPackage manageropkgPlatforms23 platforms using the following Instruction sets AVR32 ARM CRIS m68k MIPS PowerPC SPARC SuperH Ubicom32 x86 x86 64 52 Kernel typeMonolithic Linux UserlandBusyBox GNUDefaultuser interfaceCLI WebUIsLicenseFree software GPL and other licenses Official websitelede project wbr orgThe Linux Embedded Development Environment LEDE project was a fork of the OpenWrt project and shared many of the same goals 53 54 55 56 57 It was created in May 2016 by a group of core OpenWrt contributors due to disagreements on OpenWrt internal processes 54 The schism was nominally reconciled a year later in May 2017 pending approval of the LEDE developers 58 The remerger preserves the OpenWrt branding but uses many of the LEDE processes and rules The remerge proposal vote was passed by LEDE developers in June 2017 59 and formally announced in January 2018 60 The merging process was completed before the OpenWrt 18 06 release 61 Version Release Date Revision Number 62 Notes17 01 0 22 February 2017 r3205 First stable release 63 17 01 1 19 April 2017 r3316 Kernel 4 4 61 bug fixes and enhancements 64 17 01 2 12 June 2017 r3435 Kernel 4 4 71 security fixes 65 17 01 3 3 October 2017 r3534 Kernel 4 4 89 security fixes 66 17 01 4 18 October 2017 r3560 Kernel 4 4 92 security fixes KRACK as far as addressable by server side fixes 67 17 01 5 18 July 2018 r3919 Kernel 4 4 140 security fixes 68 17 01 6 3 September 2018 r3979 Kernel 4 4 153 security fixes 69 Features editOpenWrt features a writeable root file system enabling users to modify any file and easily install additional software This is in contrast with other firmware based on read only file systems which don t allow modifying installed software without rebuilding and flashing a complete firmware image This is accomplished by overlaying a read only compressed SquashFS file system with a writeable JFFS2 file system using overlayfs 70 71 Additional software can be installed with the opkg package manager and the package repository contains approximately 8000 packages by 2022 nbsp LuCIOpenWrt can be configured through either a command line interface or a web interface called LuCI OpenWrt provides set of scripts called UCI unified configuration interface to unify and simplify configuration through the command line interface 72 Additional web interfaces such as Gargoyle are also available OpenWrt provides regular bug fixes and security updates even for devices that are no longer supported by their manufacturers OpenWrt provides exhaustive possibilities to configure common network related features like IPv4 IPv6 DNS DHCP routing firewall NAT port forwarding and WPA Other features include Extensible configuration of the entire hardware drivers e g built in network switches and their VLAN capabilities WNICs DSL modems FX available hardware buttons etc Mesh networking through B A T M A N OLSR and IEEE 802 11s capabilities of the WNIC drivers and other ad hoc mesh routing protocols that have been implemented within Linux Wireless functionality e g make the device act as a wireless repeater a wireless access point a wireless bridge a captive portal or a combination of these with e g ChilliSpot WiFiDog Captive Portal etc Wireless security Packet injection e g Airpwn lorcon e a Dynamically configured port forwarding protocols PCP NAT PMP and UPnP IGD through MiniUPnPd Port knocking TR 069 CWMP client 73 IPS via Snort Active queue management AQM through the network scheduler of the Linux kernel with many available queuing disciplines CoDel has been backported to Kernel 3 3 74 This encapsulates Traffic shaping to ensure fair distribution of bandwidth among multiple users and quality of service QoS for simultaneous use of applications such as VoIP online gaming and streaming media without experiencing the negative impacts of link saturation Load balancing for use with multiple ISPs using source specific routing IP tunneling GRE OpenVPN pseudowire WireGuard etc Extensible realtime network monitoring and statistics through e g RRDtool Collectd Nagios Munin lite Zabbix etc Dynamic DNS services to maintain a fixed domain name with an ISP that does not provide a static IP address OpenWrt supports any hardware that has Linux support devices that can be connected e g over USB include Printers Mobile broadband modems Webcams Sound cards Notable software packages to use the hardware support are File sharing via SAMBA Windows compatible NFS FTP SFTP Printer sharing over the print server CUPS spooling or p910nd non spooling PulseAudio Music Player Daemon Audio Video streaming via DLNA UPnP AV standards iTunes DAAP server Asterisk PBX MQ Telemetry Transport through MosquittoDevelopment editOpenWrt s development environment and build system known together as OpenWrt Buildroot are based on a heavily modified Buildroot system OpenWrt Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that automates the process of building a complete Linux based OpenWrt system for an embedded device by building and using an appropriate cross compilation toolchain 75 76 Embedded devices usually use a different processor than the one found in host computers used for building their OpenWrt system images requiring a cross compilation toolchain Such a compilation toolchain runs on a host system but generates code for a targeted embedded device and its processor s instruction set architecture ISA For example if a host system uses x86 and a target system uses MIPS32 the regular compilation toolchain of the host runs on x86 and generates code for x86 architecture while the cross compilation toolchain runs on x86 and generates code for the MIPS32 architecture OpenWrt Buildroot automates this whole process to work on the instruction set architectures of most embedded devices and host systems 75 77 OpenWrt Buildroot provides the following features 75 77 Makes it easy to port software across architectures Uses kconfig Linux kernel menuconfig for the configuration of all options Provides an integrated cross compiler toolchain gcc ld uClibc etc Provides an abstraction for autotools automake autoconf CMake and SCons Handles standard OpenWrt image build workflow downloading patching configuration compilation and packaging Provides a number of common fixes for known badly behaving packagesBesides building system images OpenWrt development environment also provides a mechanism for simplified cross platform building of OpenWrt software packages Source code for each software package is required to provide a Makefile like set of building instructions and an optional set of patches for bug fixes or footprint optimizations 78 Hardware compatibility editOpenWrt runs many different routers and includes a table of compatible hardware on its website 79 In its buyer s guide 80 it notes that users recommend devices equipped with wireless chips from either Qualcomm s Atheros Ralink now MediaTek or any vendor with open source drivers and specifications OpenWrt also recommends choosing a device with a minimum of 8 MB of flash and 64 MB of RAM preferably higher amounts 81 Adoption editOpenWrt especially its Buildroot build system has been adopted as the structure for other efforts For example AltiWi one time fee only replacement for Cloudtrax Bufferbloat net Cerowrt Freifunk and other mesh network communities IETF IPv6 integration projects HIPnet and HomeNet are OpenWrt based prplOS carrier grade framework designed to power ISPs routers and gateways made by Prpl Foundation SIMET Box developed by NIC br is OpenWrt based 82 Derivative projects edit See also List of router firmware projects AREDN The Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network uses a firmware based on OpenWrt GitHub Project CeroWrt 2011 2014 project to resolve bufferbloat in home networking support IPv6 integrate DNSSEC for wired and wireless to complement the debloat testing kernel tree and provide a platform for real world testing of bufferbloat fixes 83 The CeroWRT project is completely by 2014 when the finalized fixes were merged into OpenWRT The Bufferbloat project behind CeroWRT went on to research new methods such as CAKE 84 Coova chilli OpenWrt based with focus on wireless hotspots a fork of chillifire with focus on wireless hotspot management Flukso Wireless sensor nodes using an Atheros AR2317 chipset running a patched OpenWrt OS for communication Sources and hardware schematics available on GitHub Fon OpenWrt based wireless routers acting as hotspots Sources and toolchain available on fonosfera org Gargoyle a web interface for OpenWrt with a strong emphasis on usability that later forked into a separate distribution Gluon Framework for building OpenWrt based firmwares fitted for mesh network deployment GitHub Project JUCIWRT a modern distribution using the JUCI webgui that later became an OpenWrt feed instead The source code for JUCI is available at mkschreder juci and is still usable by installing openwrt feed found at mkschreder juci openwrt feed libreCMC OpenWrt based distribution which excludes non free software or binary blobs endorsed by the Free Software Foundation 85 Linino OpenWrt based distribution for the MIPS based Arduino Yun GitHub Project Midge Linux an OpenWrt based distribution for devices based on Infineon Technologies ADM 5120 SoCs such as Edimax BR 6104K and BR 6104KP OpenMPTCProuter aggregation of multiple Internet connections using Multipath TCP OpenSAN iSCSI target Storage Area Network realization PacketProtector OpenWrt based security distribution that includes IDS IPS VPN and web antivirus capabilities Packages included Snort Snort inline FreeRADIUS OpenVPN DansGuardian and ClamAV These tools were accessible via the old web GUI management interface of OpenWrt called X Wrt or webif 2 Project ended on June 7 2012 86 Qualcomm s QCA Software Development Kit QSDK which is being used as a development basis by many OEMs is an OpenWrt derivative RutOS an operating system for all Teltonika routers based on OpenWrt Source code found at GPL Teltonika Networks Wiki SmoothWAN aggregation of multiple Internet connections and network conditioning using Speedify Engarde and tinyfecvpn Turris Omnia and Turris MOX routers run on an OpenWrt derivative Ubiquiti s wireless router firmwares are based on OpenWrt Diverse grassroots projects for wireless community networks including Freifunk Libre Mesh and qMp Some TP Link Xiaomi ZyXEL and D Link router firmwares are derived from OpenWrt 87 88 FreeWRT was a Linux distribution that was used in embedded systems such as WLAN devices from Linksys and Asus Not related to a project with same name based on Sveasoft firmware citation needed Friendly Electronics manufactures the NanoPi series of SoC devices and makes available an OpenWRT derivative OS called FriendlyWRT 89 Ansuel s Technicolor Custom GUI a modified management web interface developed on the basis of the official Technicolor for Homeware firmware which runs a fork of OpenWrt unlocking Technicolor Modem Routers 90 See also edit nbsp Linux portalList of router firmware projects Prpl FoundationReferences edit OpenWrt 23 05 0 First Stable Release 13 October 2023 October 13 2023 LuCI Translation Portal on Weblate January 22 2021 Retrieved January 22 2021 git openwrt org Git openwrt openwrt git blob target Config in git openwrt org October 24 2017 Archived from the original on November 4 2019 Retrieved July 2 2018 Fietkau Felix June 16 2015 OpenWrt switches to musl by default Archived from the original on June 17 2015 Retrieved June 16 2015 Miklas Andrew June 7 2003 Linksys WRT54G and the GPL Linux kernel mailing list Mailing list Retrieved July 5 2018 Weiss Aaron November 8 2005 The Open Source WRT54G Story Wi Fi Planet Retrieved July 5 2018 Linksys Releases GPLed Code for WRT54G Slashdot July 6 2003 Retrieved July 5 2018 Willis Nathan May 11 2016 LEDE and OpenWrt LWN net Retrieved August 31 2017 Sharwood Simon May 10 2017 OpenWRT and LEDE agree on Linux for routers peace plan theregister co uk Retrieved August 31 2017 Wich Jo Philipp January 2 2018 Announcing the OpenWrt LEDE merge LEDE Project Forum Retrieved January 10 2018 Welcome to the OpenWrt Project OpenWrt Project OpenWrt January 2018 Retrieved February 16 2018 As of January 2018 the current Stable OpenWrt release 17 01 4 was built from the LEDE 17 01 source code and branded with the LEDE project name Development versions of OpenWrt are currently branded with the OpenWrt name and have a version number of 18 01 Release Notes Backfire 10 03 openwrt org April 7 2010 Retrieved April 26 2013 Release Notes Attitude Adjustment 12 09 openwrt org April 25 2013 Archived from the original on August 8 2013 Retrieved April 26 2013 OpenWrt BarrierBreaker 14 07 openwrt org October 2014 Archived from the original on October 6 2014 Retrieved August 15 2014 kernel update to 3 10 49 dev archive openwrt org July 20 2014 OpenWrt Project Freescale i MX openwrt org July 16 2013 Retrieved July 16 2018 OpenWrt Chaos Calmer 15 05 openwrt org September 2015 OpenWrt Devel Chaos Calmer 15 05 rc3 July 16 2015 Archived from the original on September 28 2015 Retrieved July 25 2015 a b Chaos Calmer 15 05 1 March 16 2016 Archived from the original on March 24 2016 Retrieved March 21 2016 v17 01 7 Tag July 15 2018 Retrieved November 23 2019 LEDE Project Releases Retrieved August 8 2018 OpenWrt LEDE 17 01 7 Seventh Service Release June 2019 June 20 2019 Retrieved November 23 2019 OpenWrt Devel OpenWrt switches to musl by default June 16 2015 Archived from the original on June 30 2015 Retrieved June 27 2015 a b SAD DNS www saddns net OpenWrt 18 06 9 Final Service Release 9 December 2020 OpenWrt Wiki May 10 2020 Mehrtens Hauke January 6 2020 OpenWrt 19 07 0 First Stable Release 6 January 2020 OpenWrt Wiki Man Low Kah February 1 2020 Speedtest OpenWRT with flow offloading Leow Kah Man Tech Blog OpenWrt 19 07 1 First Service Release 31 January 2020 OpenWrt Wiki January 28 2020 OpenWrt 19 07 2 Service Release 6 March 2020 OpenWrt Wiki February 26 2020 OpenWrt 19 07 3 Service Release 20 May 2020 OpenWrt Wiki May 4 2020 OpenWrt 19 07 4 Service Release 10 September 2020 OpenWrt Wiki July 6 2020 OpenWrt 19 07 5 Service Release 9 December 2020 OpenWrt Wiki November 28 2020 OpenWrt 19 07 6 Service Release 19 January 2021 OpenWrt Wiki January 19 2021 OpenWrt 19 07 7 Service Release 18 February 2021 OpenWrt Wiki February 18 2021 OpenWrt 19 07 8 Service Release 7 August 2021 OpenWrt Wiki August 7 2021 OpenWrt 19 07 9 Service Release 25 February 2022 OpenWrt Wiki April 21 2022 OpenWrt 19 07 10 Service Release 20 April 2022 OpenWrt Wiki April 21 2022 Mehrtens Hauke September 4 2021 OpenWrt 21 02 0 First Stable Release 4 September 2021 OpenWrt Wiki OpenWrt 21 02 1 Service Release 25 October 2021 OpenWrt Wiki October 25 2021 OpenWrt 21 02 2 Service Release 25 February 2022 OpenWrt Wiki February 25 2022 OpenWrt 21 02 3 Service Release 20 April 2022 OpenWrt Wiki April 21 2022 Mehrtens Hauke October 6 2022 OpenWrt 21 02 4 Service Release 12 October 2022 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved December 3 2022 Mehrtens Hauke October 15 2022 OpenWrt 21 02 5 Service Release 17 October 2022 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved December 3 2022 OpenWrt 21 03 0 First Stable Release 6 September 2022 OpenWrt Wiki September 15 2022 Mehrtens Hauke October 6 2022 OpenWrt 22 03 1 Service Release 12 October 2022 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved December 3 2022 Mehrtens Hauke October 15 2022 OpenWrt 22 03 2 Service Release 17 October 2022 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved December 3 2022 Mehrtens Hauke January 9 2023 OpenWrt 22 03 3 Service Release 9 January 2023 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved January 29 2023 Mehrtens Hauke April 10 2023 OpenWrt 22 03 4 Service Release 10 April 2023 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved May 7 2023 Mehrtens Hauke May 1 2023 OpenWrt 22 03 5 Service Release 1 May 2023 2023 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved May 7 2023 Mehrtens Hauke October 11 2023 OpenWrt 23 05 0 First Stable Release 13 October 2023 OpenWrt Wiki Retrieved October 24 2023 Lua Configuration Interface modules luci base po May 10 2017 Archived from the original on September 26 2017 Retrieved May 14 2017 LEDE Source Repository target Config in March 30 2017 Archived from the original on September 26 2017 Retrieved May 14 2017 Larabel Michael May 14 2017 OpenWRT Gets Forked By Some Of Its Own Developers As LEDE Project Phoronix Retrieved May 3 2016 a b Willis Nathan May 11 2016 LEDE and OpenWrt LWN net Retrieved May 14 2017 Chirgwin Richard May 5 2016 Router hackers reach for the fork LEDE splits from OpenWRT The Register Retrieved May 14 2017 Gruner Sebastian May 5 2016 OpenWRT Kernentwickler starten eigenen Fork golem de in German Retrieved May 14 2017 Ahlers Ernst May 4 2016 Router Firmware LEDE als offenere OpenWRT Alternative in German Heise Online Retrieved May 14 2017 Sharwood Simon May 10 2017 OpenWRT and LEDE agree on Linux for routers peace plan theregister co uk Retrieved August 31 2017 Mehrtens Hauke June 26 2017 LEDE call for vote on remerge proposal V3 LEDE DEV mailing list Archived from the original on September 1 2017 Retrieved August 31 2017 Wich Jo Philipp January 2 2018 Announcing the OpenWrt LEDE merge LEDE Project Forum Retrieved January 10 2018 OpenWrt Project OpenWrt 18 06 openwrt org May 18 2018 Retrieved November 2 2018 https lede project org releases start LEDE Release Builds LEDE Project LEDE 17 01 0 First Stable Release February 2017 Lede project org February 22 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 LEDE Project LEDE 17 01 1 First Service Release April 2017 Lede project org April 19 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 LEDE Project LEDE 17 01 2 Second Service Release June 2017 Lede project org June 12 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 LEDE Project LEDE 17 01 3 Third Service Release October 2017 Lede project org October 3 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 LEDE Project LEDE 17 01 4 Fourth Service Release October 2017 Lede project org October 18 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 OpenWrt LEDE 17 01 5 Fifth Service Release July 2018 Lede project org July 15 2018 Retrieved July 20 2018 OpenWrt LEDE 17 01 6 Sixth Service Release September 2018 Lede project org September 2 2018 Retrieved November 2 2018 The OpenWrt Flash Layout OpenWrt Project January 18 2010 Retrieved July 7 2018 Corbet Jonathan June 15 2011 Debating overlayfs LWN net Retrieved July 7 2018 The UCI System OpenWrt Project September 16 2009 Retrieved July 8 2018 29C3 ISP s black box events ccc de January 19 2013 kernel add codel and fq codel to generic 3 3 patch set dev archive openwrt org May 16 2012 Retrieved July 2 2018 a b c OpenWrt Buildroot About openwrt org Retrieved October 21 2013 OpenWrt Buildroot Usage and documentation openwrt org January 8 2006 Archived from the original on October 21 2013 Retrieved October 21 2013 a b Tao Jin February 13 2012 OpenWrt Development Guide PDF Wireless Networks Lab CCIS NEU Retrieved October 21 2013 Creating packages openwrt org Retrieved October 21 2013 OpenWrt Project Table of Hardware openwrt org Retrieved July 2 2018 OpenWrt Project Buyers Guide openwrt org December 29 2010 Retrieved July 2 2018 4 32 warning OpenWrt September 28 2020 Simet Box Retrieved September 14 2017 ANNOUNCE debloat testing kernel git tree LWN net Retrieved February 13 2014 Cerowrt Wiki Bufferbloat net www bufferbloat net Free Software Foundation adds libreCMC to its list of endorsed distributions FSF org September 4 2014 Retrieved December 21 2014 closing time message from author on PacketProtector forum Archived from the original on April 21 2013 GPL Code Center TP Link www tp link com GPL Source Code Support D Link tsd dlink com tw FriendlyElec Downloads Ansuel GUI Ansuel Github August 16 2017 Retrieved April 16 2022 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to OpenWrt OpenWrt Firmware Selector OpenWrt Downloads OpenWrt on GitHub OpenWrt Mailing Lists LuCI project OpenWrt Summit GPL Code Center at Linksys Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title OpenWrt amp oldid 1181634714, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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