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Wikipedia

San Francisco International Airport

February 15, 2024

"SFO" redirects here. For other uses, see SFO (disambiguation).
For the television series, see San Francisco International Airport (TV series).

San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is an international airport located in an unincorporated area of San Mateo County, California, United States, about 13 miles (21 km) south of San Francisco.[4] It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania.

San Francisco International Airport
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorCity and County of San Francisco
ServesSan Francisco Bay Area
LocationSan Mateo County, California, U.S.
OpenedMay 7, 1927; 96 years ago (1927-05-07)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL13 ft / 4 m
Coordinates37°37′08″N 122°22′30″W / 37.61889°N 122.37500°W / 37.61889; -122.37500
Websiteflysfo.com
Maps

FAA airport diagram
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
10L/28R 11,870 3,618 Asphalt
10R/28L 11,381 3,469 Asphalt
01R/19L 8,650 2,637 Asphalt
01L/19R 7,650 2,332 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Total Passengers50,196,094
Aircraft operations384,871
Total cargo (tonnes)484,100
Source: San Francisco International Airport[1] and FAA[2][3]

SFO is the largest airport in the San Francisco Bay Area and the second-busiest in California, after Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). In 2017, it was the seventh-busiest airport in the United States and the 24th-busiest in the world by passenger count.[5] It is the fifth-largest hub for United Airlines, functioning as the airline's primary transpacific gateway, and is a major maintenance hub. It also serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines.

The airport is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco and lies in a ZIP code assigned to San Francisco. Between 1999 and 2004, the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city-owned SFO Enterprises, Inc., to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures.[6][7][8][9]

History edit

 
Mills Field, San Francisco Airport (c. 1930s)

The City and County of San Francisco first leased 150 acres (61 ha) at the present airport site on March 15, 1927, for what was then to be a temporary and experimental airport project.[10] San Francisco held a dedication ceremony at the airfield, officially named the Mills Field Municipal Airport of San Francisco, on May 7, 1927,[11] on the 150-acre cow pasture. The land was leased from the Mills Estate in an agreement made with Ogden L. Mills who oversaw the large tracts of property originally acquired by his grandfather, the banker Darius O. Mills. San Francisco purchased the property and the surrounding area expanding the site to 1,112 acres (450 ha) beginning in August 1930.[10] The airport's name was officially changed to San Francisco Airport in 1931 upon the purchase of the land. "International" was added at the end of World War II as overseas service rapidly expanded.[citation needed]

Early operations edit

The earliest scheduled carriers at the airport included Western Air Express, Maddux Air Lines, and Century Pacific Lines.[10] United Airlines was formed in 1934 and quickly became the key carrier at the airport, with Douglas DC-3 service to Los Angeles and New York beginning in January 1937. A new passenger terminal opened in 1937, built with Public Works Administration funding.[10] The March 1939 Official Aviation Guide shows 18 airline departures on weekdays—seventeen United flights and one TWA flight. The August 1952 chart shows runway 1L 7,000 feet long, 1R 7,750 feet, 28L 6,500 feet, and 28R 8,870 feet.

In addition to United, Pacific Seaboard Air Lines flew between San Francisco and Los Angeles in 1933; the Bellanca CH-300s flew San Francisco–San Jose–Salinas–Monterey–Paso Robles–San Luis Obispo–Santa Maria–Santa Barbara–Los Angeles.[12] Competition with United led Pacific Seaboard to move all of its operations to the eastern U.S., and rename itself Chicago and Southern Air Lines (C&S). It became a large domestic and international air carrier. Chicago & Southern was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines in 1953, giving Delta its first international routes.[13] Delta used the route authority inherited from C&S to fly one of its first international services operated with Convair 880 jet aircraft from San Francisco to Montego Bay, Jamaica, and Caracas, Venezuela, via intermediate stops in Dallas and New Orleans in 1962.[14]

World War II edit

During World War II, the airport was used as a Coast Guard base and Army Air Corps training and staging base. The base was called Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Mills Field and Coast Guard Air Station, San Francisco.[15] Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), which had operated international flying boat service from Treasure Island, had to move its Pacific and Alaska seaplane operations to SFO in 1944 after Treasure Island was expropriated for use as a military base.[citation needed] Pan Am began service from SFO after World War II with five weekly flights to Honolulu, one of which continued to Canton Island, Fiji, New Caledonia, and Auckland.[citation needed]

International operations edit

The first service by foreign carriers was on Australian National Airways (ANA) Douglas DC-4s flown by British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines: Sydney–Auckland–Fiji–Kanton Island–Honolulu–San Francisco–Vancouver, BC. The first flight left Australia on September 15, 1946.[16] In 1947 Pan American World Airways began its "round the world" flights from SFO to Guam, Japan, the Philippines, China and other countries; Pan Am also flew to Sydney from SFO.[17] The year 1947 saw the start of United Airlines Douglas DC-6 flights to Hawaii and Philippine Airlines flights to Manila.[10]

TWA began flying Lockheed Constellations (L-1649A's) nonstop to London Heathrow and Paris Orly in 1957.[18][19] In 1954 Qantas took over the ANA/BCPA route from SFO to Sydney; starting in 1959 their Boeing 707s flew to Sydney via Honolulu and Nadi, Fiji, and in the other direction to New York and London.[20] Pan Am scheduled Boeing 707-320s from Tokyo nonstop to SFO (winter only at first) starting in 1960–61; the westbound nonstops had to await the longer range Boeing 707-320B. British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC, a predecessor of British Airways) arrived in 1957; in 1960 its Bristol Britannias flew London–New York City–San Francisco–Honolulu–Wake Island–Tokyo–Hong Kong as part of BOAC's around-the-world service.[21] By 1961 BOAC had replaced the Britannias with Boeing 707s that did not require the fuel stop at the Wake Island Airfield.[22] Japan Airlines (JAL) arrived at SFO in 1954; in 1961 it was flying Douglas DC-8s San Francisco–Honolulu–Tokyo.[23] In 1961 Lufthansa had begun serving SFO with Boeing 707s flying San Francisco–Montreal Dorval Airport–Paris Orly Airport–Frankfurt three days a week.[24] Lufthansa operated Boeing 720Bs on this routing in 1963 along with Boeing 707s to Frankfurt via Montreal and London Heathrow Airport.[25] Pan Am/Panagra service from SFO to South America was taken over in the late 1960s by Braniff International, which operated Douglas DC-8-62s to SFO after Braniff's acquisition of Panagra.[26] In 1970 CP Air (formerly Canadian Pacific Air Lines) Boeing 737-200s flew nonstop to Vancouver, BC, and on to Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal.[27]

Domestic expansion edit

 
Opening gala at the Central Passenger Terminal on August 27, 1954

The first nonstops to the U.S. east coast were United Douglas DC-7s in 1954. The airport's new Terminal Building opened on August 27, 1954. The large display of aircraft including a Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber, was a marvel for its time.[28][29] The building became the Central Terminal with the addition of the South Terminal and the North Terminal and was heavily rebuilt as the International Terminal in 1984 and then modified again as the current Terminal 2. Domestically, the April 1957 Official Airline Guide (OAG) lists 71 scheduled weekday departures on United (plus ten flights a week to Honolulu), 22 on Western Airlines, 19 on Southwest Airways (which was later renamed Pacific Air Lines), 12 on Trans World Airlines (TWA), seven on American Airlines and three on Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA). As for international flights, Pan American had 21 departures a week, Japan Airlines (JAL) had five, and Qantas also had five.[citation needed]

Southwest/Pacific/Air West edit

 
Southwest Airways C-47 landing at SFO in 1948

Southwest Airways began flying scheduled passenger operations from SFO in 1946 with war surplus C-47s, the military version of the Douglas DC-3. In the late 1950s, Southwest Airways changed its name to Pacific Air Lines, which was based at SFO.[30]

In 1959, Pacific Air Lines began flying new Fairchild F-27s from SFO[31] and by 1966 was flying new Boeing 727-100s from the airport.[32] Pacific used the 727 to introduce the first jet service from San Francisco to several cities in California including Bakersfield, Eureka/Arcata, Fresno, Lake Tahoe, Monterey and Santa Barbara.

In 1968 Pacific merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West, which also had its headquarters at SFO. West Coast Airlines had served SFO mainly with Douglas DC-9-10s and Fairchild F-27s to Oregon and Washington states.[33] In 1970, Air West was acquired by Howard Hughes who renamed the airline Hughes Airwest, which continued to be based at the airport where it also operated a hub. By the late 1970s, the airline was operating an all-jet fleet of Boeing 727-200, Douglas DC-9-10, and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jetliners serving an extensive route network in the western U.S. with flights to Mexico and western Canada as well.[34] Hughes Airwest was eventually acquired by Minneapolis-based Republic Airlines (1979–1986) in 1980 and the airline's headquarters office at SFO was closed.

Jet age edit

The jet age arrived at SFO in March 1959 when TWA introduced Boeing 707-131s nonstop to New York Idlewild Airport (which was renamed JFK Airport in 1963). United then constructed a large maintenance facility in San Francisco for its new Douglas DC-8s, which were also flying nonstop to New York. In July 1959 the first jetway bridge was installed at SFO, one of the first in the United States. On the cover of January 3, 1960, American Airlines timetable contained this message: "NOW! 707 JET FLAGSHIP SERVICE – NONSTOP SAN FRANCISCO – NEW YORK: 2 FLIGHTS DAILY"[35] Also in 1960, Western Airlines was operating "champagne flights" with Boeing 707s and Lockheed L-188 Electras to Los Angeles, Seattle, San Diego and Portland, OR.[36]

In 1961 the airport had helicopter service on San Francisco and Oakland Helicopter Airlines (known as SFO Helicopter Airlines, and as SFO Helicopter) with 68 flights a day. Helicopters flew from SFO to downtown heliports in San Francisco and Oakland, to a new heliport near the Berkeley Marina and to Oakland Airport (OAK). In its timetable, SFO Helicopter Airlines, which was based at the airport, described its rotorcraft as "modern, jet turbine powered Sikorsky S-62 ten passenger amphibious helicopters".[37][38]

By 1962 Delta Air Lines was flying Convair 880s to SFO on one its first international jet services, San Francisco–Dallas Love Field–New Orleans–Montego Bay, Jamaica–Caracas, Venezuela.[14] Also in 1962, National Airlines began flying Douglas DC-8s San Francisco–Houston Hobby Airport–New Orleans–Miami.[39]

Service in California edit

By 1960, all Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) flights out of SFO were operated with Lockheed L-188 Electras nonstop to Los Angeles (LAX) and Burbank (BUR, now Bob Hope Airport) with some flights continuing to San Diego.[40] In summer 1962 PSA had 14 departures a day Monday through Thursday to southern California, 21 departures on Friday and 22 on Sunday. In 1965 PSA was operating new Boeing 727-100s which were joined in 1967 by Boeing 727-200s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s.[41] In 1974 PSA was flying two wide body Lockheed L-1011 TriStars.[41] After the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, PSA expanded outside of California.

In 1967, another intrastate airline joined PSA at SFO: Air California, flying Lockheed L-188 Electras nonstop to Orange County Airport (SNA, now John Wayne Airport).[citation needed] Like PSA, Air California (later renamed AirCal) eventually became an all-jet airline and expanded outside of California. AirCal was merged into American Airlines while PSA was merged into USAir (later renamed US Airways which in turn eventually merged with American Airlines).

Earthquake and planned Bay fill expansion edit

 
San Francisco International Airport at night

The airport closed following the Loma Prieta earthquake on October 17, 1989, reopening the following morning.[42] Minor damage to the runways was quickly repaired.[43]

In 1989, a master plan and Environmental Impact Report were prepared to guide development over the next two decades.[44] During the boom of the 1990s and the dot-com boom SFO became the sixth busiest airport in the world, but since 2001, when the boom ended, SFO has fallen out of the top 20.[45] United Express turboprops were scheduled 60 minutes apart to the shuttle connecting passengers between SFO and nearby San Jose International Airport during the boom era.[citation needed] United Groundlink supplemented this service with alternate 60-minute frequencies.

 
San Francisco International Terminal at night

A $2.4 billion International Terminal Complex opened in December 2000, replacing Terminal 2 (known then as the International Terminal).[29] The new International Terminal includes the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Museum and Library and the Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum, as part of the SFO Museum.[46] SFO's long-running museum exhibition program, now called SFO Museum, won unprecedented accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999.[47]

SFO experiences delays (known as flow control) in overcast weather when only two of the airport's four runways can be used at a time because the centerlines of the parallel runway sets (01R/01L and 28R/28L) are only 750 feet (230 m) apart. Airport planners advanced proposals that would extend the airport's runways by adding up to 2 square miles (1,300 acres; 520 ha) of fill to San Francisco Bay and increase their separation by up to 4,300 feet (1,300 m) in 1998 to accommodate arrivals and departures during periods of low visibility. Other proposals included three floating runways, each approximately 12,000 feet (3,700 m) long and 1,000 feet (300 m) wide.[48] The airport would be required by law to restore Bay land elsewhere in the Bay Area to offset the fill. One mitigation proposal would have the airport purchase and restore the 29,000 acres (12,000 ha) of South Bay wetlands owned by Cargill Salt to compensate for the new fill.[49][50] These expansion proposals met resistance from environmental groups, including the Sierra Club, fearing damage to the habitat of animals near the airport, recreational degradation (such as windsurfing) and bay water quality.[49][51]

State Senator John L. Burton introduced SB 1562 on February 18, 2000, to bypass the environmental impact study that would normally be required for a large project like the proposed Bay fill and mitigation in order to expedite construction. SB 1562 was signed into law on September 29, 2000.[52][53] A study commissioned by the airport and released in 2001 stated that alternatives to airport expansion, such as redirecting traffic to other regional airports (Oakland or San Jose), capping the number of flights, or charging higher landing fees at selected times of the day would result in higher fares and poorer service.[54] However, the proposal to build new runways on Bay fill continued to attract opposition from environmental groups and local residents.[55] The airport expansion cost was estimated at US$1,400,000,000 (equivalent to $2,510,000,000 in 2022) in 1998,[56] rising to US$2,200,000,000 (equivalent to $3,860,000,000 in 2022) a year later, including an estimate of US$200,000,000 (equivalent to $351,000,000 in 2022) for the Cargill wetlands purchase and restoration.[57]

The delays during poor weather (among other reasons) caused some airlines, especially low-cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines, to shift all of their services from SFO to the Oakland and San Jose airports. However, Southwest eventually returned to San Francisco in 2007.[58]

BART to SFO edit

A long-planned extension of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system to the airport opened on June 22, 2003, allowing passengers to board BART trains at the international or domestic terminals and have direct rail transportation to downtown San Francisco, Oakland, and the East Bay.[59] On February 24, 2003, the AirTrain people mover opened, transporting passengers between terminals, parking lots, the BART station, and the rental car center on small automatic trains.

Recent developments edit

SFO became the base of operations for start-up airline Virgin America, with service to over 20 destinations. On October 4, 2007, an Airbus A380 jumbo jet made its first visit to SFO.[60] On July 14, 2008, SFO was voted Best International Airport in North America for 2008 in the World Airports Survey by Skytrax.[61] The following year on June 9, Skytrax announced SFO as the second-best International Airport in North America in the 2009 World Airports Survey, losing to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.[62]

 
New control tower (photographed in 2018)

In response to longstanding FAA concerns that the airport's air traffic control tower, located atop Terminal 2, could not withstand a major earthquake, on July 9, 2012, crews broke ground for a new torch-shaped tower.[63] The new tower is located between Terminals 1 and 2, and the base of the tower building contains passages between the two terminals for passengers both pre- and post-security screening, which dictated the narrow tower base.[64] Originally scheduled for completion in the summer of 2016 at a cost of $102 million, the new tower began operations on October 15, 2016.[65]

SFO was one of several US airports that operated the Registered Traveler program from April 2007 until funding ended in June 2009. This program let travelers who had paid for pre-screening pass through security checkpoints quickly.[66][67] Baggage and passenger screening is operated by Covenant Aviation Security, a Transportation Security Administration contractor, nicknamed "Team SFO". SFO was the first airport in the United States to integrate in-line baggage screening into its baggage handling system and has been a model for other airports since the September 11 attacks in 2001.

In September 2018, SFO announced plans to use sustainable fuels after signing an agreement with fuel suppliers, airlines, and agencies.[68] As part of the agreement, Shell and SkyNRG began supplying sustainable aviation fuel to KLM, SAS, and Finnair flights operating out of SFO.[69][70]

Like all airports, SFO sustained a massive decline in traffic in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[71] The only upside was that the decline reduced traffic to levels easily handled in all weather conditions.[71] In 2022, SFO was ranked no. 1 by The Wall Street Journal on its list of Best Large U.S. Airports, on which the airport was ranked no. 1 for both reliability and convenience.[71]

Runways edit

 
FAA runway diagram of SFO, with color added to terminals and runways

The airport covers 5,207 acres (21.07 km2) at an elevation of 13.1 feet (4.0 m).[2][72] It has four asphalt runways, arranged in two intersecting sets of parallel runways:[73]

  • Runway 01L/19R: 7,650 ft × 200 ft (2,332 m × 61 m), surface: asphalt, has approved GPS approaches
  • Runway 01R/19L: 8,650 ft × 200 ft (2,637 m × 61 m), surface: asphalt, ILS/DME equipped, and has approved GPS/VOR approaches
  • Runway 10L/28R: 11,870 ft × 200 ft (3,618 m × 61 m), surface: asphalt, Category III ILS/DME equipped, and has approved GPS approaches
  • Runway 10R/28L: 11,381 ft × 200 ft (3,469 m × 61 m), surface: asphalt, ILS/DME equipped, and has approved GPS approaches[2]

Runways are named for their magnetic heading, to the nearest ten degrees; hence the runways at 14°[74] from magnetic north are 01L/01R, and the runways at 284° are 28R/28L. The layout of the parallel runways (1L/1R and 28R/28L) was established in the 1950s, and have a separation (centerline to centerline) of only 750 feet (230 m).[73]

During normal operations (approximately 81% of the time), domestic departures use Runways 1L and 1R for departure while overseas international departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R, taking advantage of the prevailing west-northwesterly wind coming through the San Bruno Gap. During periods of heavy winds or if operations at Oakland International Airport conflict with SFO departures (approximately 15% of the time), Runways 1L and 1R cannot be used, and so all departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R. These configurations are known collectively as the West Plan, and accommodate arrivals at a rate of up to 60 aircraft per hour.[73][75] Under visual flight rules, aircraft may safely land side-by-side essentially simultaneously on 28L and 28R while maintaining visual separation.[73][76]

When the visual approach is compromised, the West Plan is maintained with a modification to allow aircraft landing on 28L to use Instrument Landing System (ILS) while the aircraft landing on 28R takes an offset course, monitored via high scan rate ground radar, to maintain a lateral spacing greater than 750 ft until the aircraft can maintain visual separation. Visual separation typically occurs once the aircraft has descended below the cloud deck at an altitude of 2,100 feet (640 m). This is known as the Precision Runway Monitor/Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach and reduces the capacity to 36 arriving aircraft per hour. In poor visibility conditions, FAA instrument approach rules require aircraft to maintain lateral separation of 4,300 feet (1,300 m), meaning only one runway may be used, reducing the capacity of SFO to 25-30 arriving aircraft per hour.[73][76]

During rainstorms (approximately 4% of the time), the prevailing winds shift to a south-southeasterly direction, and departing aircraft use Runways 10L and 10R, and arriving aircraft use Runways 19L and 19R. This configuration is known as the Southeast Plan.[73][77]

On rare occasions (less than one day per year, on average), wind conditions dictate other runway configurations, including departures and landings on Runways 10L and 10R, departures and landings on Runways 1L and 1R, and departures on Runways 19L and 19R and landings on Runways 28L and 28R.

Based aircraft and operations edit

In 2019, SFO had 458,496 aircraft operations, an average of 1,255 per day. This consisted of 86% scheduled commercial, 11% air taxi, 2% general aviation and <1% military. There were 14 aircraft based at SFO, 6 jets, 1 helicopter and 7 military aircraft.[2]

Aircraft noise abatement edit

See also: Noise mitigation and Aircraft noise

SFO was one of the first airports to implement a Fly Quiet Program, which grades airlines on their performance on noise abatement procedures while flying in and out of SFO. The Jon C. Long Fly Quiet Program[78] was started by the Aircraft Noise Abatement Office to encourage airlines to operate as quietly as possible at SFO.

SFO was one of the first U.S. airports to conduct a residential sound abatement retrofitting program. Established by the FAA in the early 1980s, this program evaluated the cost-effectiveness of reducing interior sound levels for homes near the airport, within the 65 CNEL noise contour. The program made use of a noise computer model to predict improvement in specific residential interiors for a variety of noise control strategies. This pilot program was conducted for a neighborhood in South San Francisco and success was achieved in all of the homes analyzed. The costs turned out to be modest, and the post-construction interior sound level tests confirmed the predictions for noise abatement. To date over $153 million has been spent to insulate more than 15,000 homes in the neighboring cities of Daly City, Pacifica, San Bruno, and South San Francisco.[79]

Terminals edit

 
Terminal map of SFO

The airport has four terminals (1, 2, 3, and International) and seven concourses (Boarding Areas A through G) with a total of 115 gates arranged alphabetically in a counterclockwise ring. Terminal 1 (Boarding Area B), Terminal 2 (Boarding Areas C and D), and Terminal 3 (Boarding Areas E and F) handle domestic and precleared flights. The International Terminal (Boarding Areas A and G) handles international flights and some domestic flights.

Historically, the oldest terminal building still standing is Terminal 2, which was originally completed in 1954 as the Central Terminal with four concourses (Piers B, C, D, and E, lettered sequentially from north to south).[80] Terminal 1 was added as the South Terminal in 1963 with Piers F/FF (Pier F had two satellite rotundas) and G, and Pier E was reassigned to the South Terminal upon its completion. International traffic was routed through Pier G, and a new Rotunda G was completed in 1974 to expand Pier G. Terminal 3 was added as the North Terminal in 1979 with Pier A. Also, once the North Terminal was completed in 1979, the piers were renamed counterclockwise, with letter designations corresponding to present-day Boarding Areas, starting with Pier A (present-day Boarding Area A, originally Pier G), Pier B (present-day Boarding Area B, originally Pier F/FF), Pier C (present-day Boarding Area C, originally Pier E), and Pier F (present-day Boarding Area F, originally Pier A).[81] A new Pier E was added to the North Terminal in 1981 approximately where the old Pier B stood, and the Central Terminal was rebuilt with a single pier (D) to serve international flights in 1983, until a new International Terminal opened in 2000. Since then, the terminals were renamed with numbers in 2001, and the older terminals are in the process of renovation. A rebuild of Terminal 2 (formerly the Central Terminal) was completed in 2011, followed by the completion of the rebuild of Terminal 3 East (North Terminal Pier E) in 2015. The rebuild of Terminal 1 (South Terminal) will be complete by late 2024.[82][83]

Airside connectors edit

 
Airside connector between International Terminal and Terminal 3

There are airside connectors at SFO that enable passengers to move between adjacent terminal buildings while staying within the secure area.

Connectors currently connect the A gates of International Terminal to the B gates of Terminal 1 and the C gates of Terminal 1 to Terminal 2, Terminal 2 to 3, and Terminal 3 to the International Terminal G gates.[84][85][86][87][88]

By 2024, the opening of an expanded Terminal 1 lobby and post-security area will reconnect Boarding Area C with the rest of renovated Terminal 1.[89] This means that all gates at the airport will be connected within the secure area.

There are no airside connectors between the International Terminal A and G gates.

Harvey Milk Terminal 1 edit

 
Artwork memorializing gay rights activist and former San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk (1930–1978)
 
Harvey Milk Terminal 1 Community Day, July 2019

Formerly known as the "South Terminal", Harvey Milk Terminal 1[90] is composed of Boarding Area B, which currently has 18 gates (gates B6-B9, B12-B14, B17, B18, and B19-B27). Prior to June 23, 2020, Boarding Area C was also considered part of Terminal 1. A third boarding area, Rotunda A, was demolished in early 2006, as its functions had been taken over by the new International Terminal.

The South Terminal, which cost US$14,000,000 (equivalent to $133,820,000 in 2022),[91] was initially dedicated on September 15, 1963.[92] The terminal was designed by Welton Becket and Associates.[93] When it opened, the South Terminal had three piers: Pier G (for international flights, approximately at the same location as the present-day Boarding Area (B/A) A in the International Terminal), Pier F/FF (used by Trans World Airlines (TWA) and Western Airlines, later renamed B/A B), and Pier E (used by American Airlines; originally part of Terminal 2, approximately at the present-day B/A C).[94] The three-level Rotunda A addition was completed in 1974 at the end of Pier G.[95][96][97] When the North Terminal was completed in 1979, Pier G was renamed Pier A, with the other piers renamed in a counterclockwise direction proceeding from the new Pier A.[82] International flights were moved to the rebuilt Central Terminal (Terminal 2) in 1983, and then to the new International Terminal in 2000.

The South Terminal underwent a US$150,000,000 (equivalent to $371,160,000 in 2022) renovation designed by Howard A. Friedman and Associates,[98] Marquis Associates and Wong & Brocchini[99] that was completed in 1988. Terminal 1 is undergoing a US$2,400,000,000 (equivalent to $2,926,460,000 in 2022) project to modernize the concourse and add gates;[100] the project broke ground on June 29, 2016. The phase of the project to expand Boarding Area B includes the demolition of the old TWA hangar, the demolition of the two rotundas, and the relocation of two taxiways.[94] The multi-phase project will yield a total of 24 gates when complete in 2020 (the existing Boarding Area B has fewer than 20 usable gates), including a secure Federal Inspection Services (FIS) connector to the existing customs facilities in the International Terminal.[101] This will effectively add six new gates that can handle international arrivals. Planning for a renovation of Boarding Area C is underway, with construction to commence after the completion of work on Boarding Area B. The projected completion date for Boarding Area C work is mid-2024.[94]

In April 2018, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and mayor Mark Farrell approved and signed legislation renaming Terminal 1 after deceased gay rights activist and former member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Harvey Milk, and planned to install artwork memorializing him. This followed a previous attempt to rename the entire airport after him, which was turned down.[102][103] Following the art and photo installation, the renamed terminal was opened to the media and public for preview tours in advance of its official opening on July 23, 2019.[90] Harvey Milk Terminal 1 is the world's first airport terminal named after a leader of the LGBTQ community.[90]

The first nine gates at the newly reconstructed Boarding Area B opened on July 23, 2019, with Southwest Airlines and JetBlue becoming the first tenants. JetBlue operates two gates preferentially (B6 and B7) and shares one with Southwest (B8), while Southwest operates five gates preferentially (B9, B12-B14, and B17).[104] In late-April 2020, the terminal's new lobby opened, with new ticket counters for Southwest and JetBlue, and a new permanent exhibit honoring Milk.[105][106] On May 12, 2020, in conjunction with the launch of nine new gates at Boarding Area B (B19-B27), American Airlines moved into the new facility, with new ticket counters, baggage systems, and a new Admirals Club lounge. American operates six of the nine new gates preferentially (B22-B27).[107][108] The final seven Boarding Area B gates (B2-B5, B10-B11, B15-B16) in the new terminal opened on May 25, 2021.[109]

Frontier Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, and Sun Country Airlines are scheduled to move in eventually.[104] As of 2022, Hawaiian Airlines and WestJet have moved a few of their departures into B Gates at Terminal 1, but check-in counters remain in International Terminal A. In 2024, Alaska Airlines will move all of its operations from Terminal 2 into Harvey Milk Terminal 1, in order to be closer to their Oneworld partner American Airlines.[110]

Terminal 2 edit

Formerly known as the "Central Terminal", Terminal 2 is composed of Boarding Area C, which has 10 gates (gates C2-C11), and Boarding Area D, which has 15 gates (D1-D12 and D14-D16). The D gates is where Alaska Airlines has its hub. Gate D13 does not exist as the number has been reserved for future development.[111]

Terminal 2 opened in 1954 as the main airport terminal. After a drastic rebuilding designed by Gensler, it replaced Rotunda A as SFO's international terminal in 1983[112][113] until it was closed for renovation after the current international terminal opened in 2000. The initial plan was to convert Terminal 2 for domestic travel and reopen it by fall 2001, but the loss of passenger traffic after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 put those plans on hold. The upper levels continued to be used as office spaces and for the airport's medical clinic, and the control tower remained in use.[114]

On May 12, 2008, a US$383,000,000 (equivalent to $520,570,000 in 2022) renovation project was announced that included a new control tower, the use of green materials, a seismic retrofit, and an expansion from ten to fourteen gates.[114][115] The terminal reopened for commercial travel on April 14, 2011, with Virgin America (later Alaska Airlines) and American Airlines sharing the new 14-gate common-use facility.[116] Approximately a week earlier, on April 6, 2011, Virgin America's ceremonial flight VX2001 was the first to arrive at the renovated Terminal 2, an Airbus A320 bearing founder Richard Branson with other invited celebrity guests, such as Buzz Aldrin, Rachel Hunter, and Gavin Newsom. VX2001 had rendezvoused with White Knight Two/SpaceShipTwo over Point Reyes before making a side-by-side landing.[117] The newly renovated terminal also designed by Gensler features permanent art installations from Janet Echelman, Kendall Buster, Norie Sato, Charles Sowers, and Walter Kitundu.[112][118][119] Transition zones (the immediate post-security line area for "passenger recomposure") and exit areas (where disembarking passengers may be greeted) were designed with generous space.[120][121] Terminal 2 set accolades by being the first U.S. airport to achieve LEED Gold status.[122] Paolo Lucchesi, a local food critic, noted the sustainable food and dining program featuring local vendors and sources.[123][124]

Following the construction of a new control tower in 2016, the tower and the offices above the terminal were demolished and new office space was constructed in their place. On February 14, 2020, a new public, outdoor observation deck, called SkyTerrace, was opened in the new office space.[125]

Until May 12, 2020, American's check-in counters were consolidated to T2, but its operations were split between Boarding Area D and Boarding Area C (linked via an airside connector). Following American's move to T1, the existing Admirals Club location was converted to an Alaska lounge.[126]

As of June 23, 2020, SFO advertises Boarding Area C as part of Terminal 2 due to construction.[127] During the construction of Boarding Area B, Boarding Area C continues to operate, with Delta Air Lines operating as the main tenant.

Air Canada and Breeze Airways have moved into Terminal 2 during 2022-Q1. As a result, all check-ins and departures from Air Canada are no longer operating at the International Terminal.

Terminal 3 edit

 
Terminal 3 interior

Formerly known as the "North Terminal", Terminal 3 is composed of Boarding Area E with 13 gates (gates E1-E13) and Boarding Area F with 23 gates (gates F1-F3, F3A, F4-F22). Terminal 3 is used for United Airlines' domestic flights. Mainline United and United Express flights use both boarding areas.[128]

This $82.44 million terminal was originally designed by San Francisco Airport Architects (a joint venture of John Carl Warnecke and Associates, Dreyfuss + Blackford Architecture, and minority architects).[129] The groundbreaking ceremony for the North Terminal was held on April 22, 1971,[130] and Boarding Area F opened in 1979 and Boarding Area E opened in 1981.[131] All terminals (except the International Terminal) were redesignated by number starting October 1, 2001.[132]

A solar roof was installed in 2007 with sufficient generating capacity to power all Terminal 3 lights during the day.[133] American Airlines[134] and Air Canada[135] occupied Boarding Area E until it closed for refurbishment in 2011 under the airport's FY 2010/11 – FY 2014/15 Capital Plan. Designed by Gensler, the renovation. included architectural enhancements, structural renovations, replacement of HVAC systems, roof repair, and new carpeting.[136] Initial modest renovation plans were replaced by a more ambitious project after the popularity of the remodeling of Terminal 2.[137] After the completion of the US$138,000,000 (equivalent to $170,590,000 in 2022) project, Boarding Area E reopened on January 28, 2014, followed by Terminal 3 East on November 18, 2014[138][139][140] The project moved one gate from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E to provide a total of ten aircraft parking positions at T3E.[141] Following a 2019 renumbering of all gates at SFO, three additional gates moved from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E, with the latter now containing 13 gates.[111] In 2020, airport officials shelved a renovation for Terminal 3 West.[142] However, as of 2023, the airport hopes to break ground in 2024.[143] The project would seismically retrofit part of Terminal 3 and add the capability to handle international arrivals to up to four gates.

There are three United Clubs in Terminal 3—one near the rotunda for Boarding Area F, one on the mezzanine across from gate E2, and another at the beginning of Boarding Area E. Terminal 3 also houses the American Express Centurion Lounge, located across from Gate F2.

International Terminal edit

 
The International Terminal
 
Interior of the International Terminal check-in area

The International Terminal is composed of Boarding Areas A and G. Designed by Craig W. Hartman of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the terminal opened in December 2000 to replace the International Departures section of Terminal 2. It is the largest international terminal in North America, and the largest building in the world built on base isolators to protect against earthquakes.[144] Food service focuses on quick service versions of leading San Francisco Bay Area restaurants, following other SFO terminals. Planners attempted to make the airport a destination in and of itself, not just for travelers passing through.[145] The international terminal is a common-use facility, with all gates and all ticketing areas shared among international airlines and several domestic carriers. Common-use terminal equipment (CUTE) is used at check-in counters and gates.[146] All international arrivals and departures are handled here (except flights from cities with customs preclearance). The International Terminal houses the airport's BART station, adjacent to the garage leading to Boarding Area G. The SFO Medical Clinic is located next to the security screening area of Boarding Area A. All gates in this terminal have at least two jetway bridges, except gates A3 and A12, which have one. Gates A1 and A2 can accommodate two aircraft. Six of the gates are designed for the Airbus A380, making SFO one of the first airports in the world with such gates when it was built in 2000.[147] Gate A11 has three jetways for boarding.[148] Four other gates have two jetways fitted for A380 service.[148]

The International Terminal completed a continuous ring of terminals, by filling in the last remaining gap to the west of then-existing terminals. Its geometry required that the terminal structure be built above the main access road, at enormous expense, including building dedicated ramps for connectivity to Highway 101. The design and construction of the international terminal was by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Del Campo & Maru Architects, Michael Willis Associates, and built by Tutor Perini (main terminal building), Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum in association with Robin Chiang & Company, Robert B. Wong Architects, and built by Tutor Perini (Boarding Area G), and Gerson/Overstreet Architects and built by Hensel Phelps Construction (Boarding Area A).[144] The contracts were awarded after an architectural design competition.

 
United Airlines planes at the International Terminal in July 2022

Most international flights operated by Star Alliance carriers, including all United international flights and select United domestic flights, are assigned to Boarding Area G's 14 gates (G1-G14).[149] Most international flights operated by SkyTeam, Oneworld, and non-aligned international carriers board and deplane at Boarding Area A's 15 gates (gates A1–A15). However, Star Alliance carrier Avianca El Salvador operates out of Boarding Area A, and non-aligned carriers Aer Lingus, Fiji Airways, and WestJet typically park at Boarding Area G. Boarding Area A is also used by domestic carriers Frontier Airlines, Sun Country Airlines, and Hawaiian Airlines. When all gates in an airline's designated international boarding area are full, the passengers will board or deplane from the opposite international boarding area. Aer Lingus, Flair Airlines, and WestJet operate from airports with United States border preclearance, allowing arriving passengers to skip the wait at customs and immigration when they arrive at SFO, and exit the airport from the departure level.

The two main designations for the International Terminal are "I", and "INTL" (abbreviations for "International"). Oftentimes travel itineraries will say "T-I", and this has led to instances where passengers misinterpret the "I" as Terminal 1, especially since both Boarding Area A and Boarding Area G are used for a limited number of domestic flights.[who?]

In 2024, the airport announced that the International Terminal would be renamed after the late senator and former mayor Dianne Feinstein.[150] The departures main hall is already named after the late mayor Ed Lee.

SFO Museum edit

 
SFO Museum entrance

SFO Museum was created in 1980 as a collaboration between the San Francisco Airport Commission and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and was the first museum in an international airport.[151] It was accredited by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999, and contains both permanent artwork and temporary exhibitions in more than 20 galleries. The Aviation Museum and Library (officially, the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Library and Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum) is located in the International Terminal, featuring a model of a DC-3. Other prominent installations include works by:[152][153]

Frequent travelers and airline staff have reportedly told SFO Museum officials they make it a point to arrive to the airport early in order to view the galleries.[154]

Airlines and destinations edit

Passenger edit

AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Aer Lingus Dublin [155]
Aeroméxico Guadalajara, Mexico City [156]
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver [157]
Air Canada Express Edmonton [157]
Air China Beijing–Capital [158]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle [159]
Air India Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai [160][161]
Air New Zealand Auckland [162]
Air Premia Seoul–Incheon (begins May 17, 2024) [163]
Air Transat Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau [164]
Alaska Airlines Austin, Boise, Boston, Burbank,[165] Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas–Love (ends April 10, 2024),[166] Everett, Honolulu, Kahului, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Newark, New York–JFK, Orange County, Orlando, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Redmond/Bend, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma, Spokane, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National
Seasonal: Anchorage, Bozeman, Fort Lauderdale, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Jackson Hole, Loreto, Mazatlán, Tampa 		[167]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita [168]
American Airlines Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–JFK, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor [169]
American Eagle Los Angeles, Phoenix–Sky Harbor [169]
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon [170]
Avianca El Salvador San Salvador [171]
Breeze Airways Cincinnati, Louisville, Provo, Richmond, San Bernardino
Seasonal: Grand Junction (begins May 22, 2024)[172] 		[173]
British Airways London–Heathrow [174]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong [175]
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan [176]
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong [177]
China Southern Airlines Wuhan [178]
Condor Seasonal: Frankfurt [179]
Copa Airlines Panama City–Tocumen [180]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma [181]
Delta Connection Seattle/Tacoma [181]
Emirates Dubai–International [182]
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan [183]
Fiji Airways Nadi [184]
Flair Airlines Vancouver [185]
French Bee Papeete, Paris–Orly [186]
Frontier Airlines Atlanta, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Los Angeles (begins April 10, 2024),[187] Las Vegas, Ontario, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR) (begins April 10, 2024),[187] Salt Lake City (begins April 10, 2024),[187] San Diego (begins April 10, 2024)[187]
Seasonal: Chicago–Midway, Detroit, Orlando 		[188]
Hawaiian Airlines Honolulu, Kahului [189]
Iberia Seasonal: Madrid [190]
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino [191]
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita [192]
JetBlue Boston, Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles, New York–JFK
Seasonal: Cancún 		[193]
KLM Amsterdam [194]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon [195]
Level Seasonal: Barcelona [196]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich [197]
Lynx Air Toronto–Pearson (begins May 3, 2024) [198]
Philippine Airlines Manila [199]
Porter Airlines Toronto–Pearson [200]
Qantas Sydney [201][202]
Qatar Airways Doha [203]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen [204]
Singapore Airlines Singapore [205]
Southwest Airlines Chicago–Midway, Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, San Diego, St. Louis (resumes March 7, 2024)[206]
Seasonal: Dallas–Love (resumes June 8, 2024)[207] 		[208][209]
Starlux Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan [210]
Sun Country Airlines Minneapolis/St. Paul [211]
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich [212]
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon [213]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul [214]
United Airlines Atlanta, Auckland, Austin, Baltimore, Beijing–Capital,[215] Boise, Boston, Brisbane, Burbank, Calgary, Cancún, Chendgu–Shuangliu (resumes October 27, 2024),[216] Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Delhi (resumes October 26, 2024),[217] Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Kansas City, Las Vegas, Lihue, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Manila,[218] Melbourne, Mexico City, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Munich, Nashville, Newark, New Orleans, Ontario, Orange County, Orlando, Osaka–Kansai, Papeete, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Puerto Vallarta, Raleigh/Durham, Reno/Tahoe, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San José del Cabo, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tampa, Tel Aviv (suspended), Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National
Seasonal: Albuquerque, Amsterdam, Anchorage, Barcelona (begins May 23, 2024),[219] Bozeman, Christchurch,[220][221] Eugene, Fort Myers, Jackson Hole, Liberia (CR), Medford, Omaha, Palm Springs, Redmond/Bend, Rome–Fiumicino, Santa Barbara, Zürich 		[222]
United Express Albuquerque, Austin, Bakersfield, Boise, Bozeman, Burbank, Eugene, Eureka, Fresno, Kansas City, Medford, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Monterey, North Bend/Coos Bay, Ontario, Orange County, Palm Springs, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Redding, Redmond/Bend, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Spokane, Tri-Cities (WA), Tucson, Vancouver
Seasonal: Aspen, Bishop, Calgary, Eagle/Vail, Glacier Park/Kalispell, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Jackson Hole, Missoula, Montrose, Omaha, Sun Valley		 [222]
Vietnam Airlines Ho Chi Minh City [223]
Virgin Atlantic London–Heathrow [224]
WestJet Calgary
Seasonal: Edmonton (begins June 20, 2024),[225] Vancouver 		[226]
Zipair Tokyo Tokyo–Narita [227]

Cargo edit

Statistics edit

 
San Francisco International Airport passenger destinations

Top destinations edit

Busiest domestic routes from SFO (November 2022 – October 2023)[233]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 Los Angeles, California 1,317,000 Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, United
2 New York–JFK, New York 993,000 Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue, United
3 Newark, New Jersey 879,000 Alaska, United
4 Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 877,000 Alaska, American, United
5 Denver, Colorado 846,000 Frontier, Southwest, United
6 Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 788,000 Alaska, Delta, United
7 Las Vegas, Nevada 765,000 Alaska, Frontier, Southwest, United
8 Boston, Massachusetts 673,000 Alaska, Delta, JetBlue, United
9 Honolulu, Hawaii 603,000 Alaska, Hawaiian, Sun Country, United
10 San Diego, California 595,000 Alaska, Southwest, United
Busiest international routes from SFO (July 2022 – June 2023)[234]
Rank Airport Passengers Carriers
1   London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 991,549 British Airways, United Airlines, Virgin Atlantic
2   Taipei, Taiwan 795,508 China Airlines, EVA Air, United Airlines
3   Vancouver, Canada 772,731 Air Canada, Flair Airlines, United Airlines, WestJet
4   Seoul-Incheon, South Korea 629,350 Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, United Airlines
5   Frankfurt, Germany 605,269 Condor, Lufthansa, United Airlines
6   Singapore, Singapore 519,656 Singapore Airlines, United Airlines
7   Toronto, Canada 506,027 Air Canada, United Airlines
8   Paris-Charles de Gaulle, France 453,503 Air France, United Airlines
9   Mexico City, Mexico 450,180 Aeromexico, United Airlines
10   Tokyo-Narita, Japan 422,351 All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines, United Airlines, Zipair Tokyo

Airline market share edit

Largest airlines at SFO
(July 2022 - June 2023)[235]
Rank Airline Passengers Share
1 United Airlines 21,904,971 47%
2 Alaska Airlines 5,766,742 12%
3 Delta Air Lines 3,709,612 8%
4 American Airlines 2,961,675 6%
5 Southwest Airlines 1,997,378 4%

Traffic numbers edit

Annual passenger traffic at SFO airport. See Wikidata query.
Traffic by calendar year[1]
Year Rank Enplaned and
deplaned passengers 		Change Aircraft movements Cargo (tonnes)
1998 40,101,387 432,046 598,579
1999 40,387,538   0.7% 438,685 655,409
2000 9 41,048,996   1.8% 429,222 695,258
2001 14 34,632,474   15.6% 387,594 517,124
2002 19 31,450,168   9.2% 351,453 506,083
2003 22 29,313,271   6.8% 334,515 483,413
2004 21 32,744,186   8.8% 353,231 489,776
2005 23 33,394,225   2.0% 352,871 520,386
2006 26 33,581,412   0.5% 359,201 529,303
2007 23 35,790,746   6.6% 379,500 503,899
2008 21 37,402,541   4.5% 387,710 429,912
2009 20 37,453,634   0.1% 379,751 356,266
2010 23 39,391,234   5.2% 387,248 384,179
2011 22 41,045,431   4.2% 403,564 340,766
2012 22 44,477,209   8.4% 424,566 337,357
2013 22 44,944,201   1.2% 421,400 325,782
2014 21 47,074,162   4.9% 431,633 349,585
2015 15 50,067,094   6.2% 429,815 389,934
2016 23 53,106,505   6.1% 450,388 420,086
2017 24 55,832,518   5.1% 460,343 491,162
2018 25 57,793,313   3.5% 470,164 500,081
2019 24 57,488,023   0.5% 458,496 546,437
2020 N/A 16,427,801   71.4% 231,163 439,358
2021 N/A 24,343,627   48.2% 265,597 528,792
2022 N/A 42,281,641   73.7% 355,006 491,192
2023 N/A 50,196,094   18.7% 384,871 484,100

Ground transportation edit

Transit edit

 
BART train at SFO station in 2020

The AirTrain is a landside people-mover system that connects the terminals, the two international terminal garages, the BART station, the Grand Hyatt hotel, the airport's Rental Car Center, and the Long-Term Parking garage. The AirTrain is fully automated and free to ride.[236][237]

Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) serves the airport at San Francisco International Airport station, located west of the International Terminal. During BART's full five-line service, the airport is directly connected to downtown San Francisco and Oakland, Berkeley, Richmond, Walnut Creek, and Pittsburg, with no need to transfer. The BART system also enables SFO passengers to ride to and from Oakland International Airport with two transfers.[a]

San Mateo County's transit agency, SamTrans, serves the airport with several routes. Buses stop at the arrivals/baggage claim level of the domestic terminals and in courtyard A or G in the International Terminal.

BART trains and SamTrans buses also connect San Francisco International Airport to Caltrain with a transfer at Millbrae station. Millbrae will also be the connection between SFO and California High-Speed Rail; the station will be renamed to Millbrae–SFO station on the High Speed Rail line to coincide with the dual functionality of the station.[238]

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the airport provided free shuttle bus service to and from the South San Francisco Ferry Terminal, connecting with San Francisco Bay Ferry services from Alameda and Oakland.[239]

Numerous door-to-door "shared ride" van and hotel courtesy shuttles stop at the center transportation island on the departure level, while Marin Airporter buses and limousines are on the arrivals/baggage claim level of the airport. Charter services are also available in the courtyards.

Car edit

 
Bird's-eye view of the airport. A spaghetti junction connects the passenger terminal roads to US Route 101.

The airport is located on U.S. Route 101, 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco. It is near the US 101 interchange with Interstate 380, a short freeway that connects US 101 with Interstate 280. Short term parking is located in the central terminal area and two international terminal garages. Long term parking is located on South Airport Blvd. and San Bruno Ave.[240]

Passengers can also park long-term at a select number of BART stations that have parking lots, with a permit purchased online in advance.[241]

Taxi edit

Taxis depart from designated taxi zones located at the roadway center islands, on the Arrivals/Baggage Claim Level of all terminals.[242]

Ride app services such as Uber and Lyft are available via their respective mobile app. The designated ride app pickup area for domestic terminals is on the fifth floor of the adjacent garage. The designated pickup area for the International Terminal is on the Departures/Check-In Level roadway center island.

Other facilities edit

SFO is home to one of the largest single aircraft maintenance bases in the world with complete MRO base operations (maintenance, repair, overhaul, painting, welding, machine shop, tool and die, parts manufacturing, fabrication, engineering, and retrofitting (Boeing and Airbus certified, among others)). It serves as the principal Global MRO Base for United Airlines and serves over 40 other airlines, military customers, and aircraft lease operators.[243][244][245][246]

The eastern side of the airfield is dominated by the Superbay, a 420,550-square-foot (39,070 m2) maintenance hangar capable of holding four 747s. Originally constructed in the 1970s, the facility is shared by United Airlines and American Airlines.[247]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its San Francisco branch on the airport property.[248]

Prior to its merger that formed AirWest, Pacific Air Lines had its corporate headquarters on the grounds of the airport.[249] Hughes Airwest, the successor to Air West, also had its headquarters on the grounds of the airport.[250]

The United States Coast Guard operates Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco with its ramp and buildings near the cargo terminal, operating six MH-65 Dolphin helicopters.

Wag Brigade edit

On December 3, 2013, SFO launched a “Wag Brigade” program to bring a pack of trained therapy dogs to the terminals to calm nervous fliers and make passenger travel more enjoyable. In 2016, Lilou, a Juliana-breed therapy pig joined the Wag Brigade. Carefully selected for their temperament and airport suitability, the comfort canines wear vests that read "Pet Me!" which identify them.[251]

Accidents and incidents edit

  • On February 9, 1937, a United Airlines Douglas DC-3A-197[252] transport liner circled the airport, then crashed into the bay, killing 11 people.[253]
  • On September 12, 1951, United Airlines Flight 7030[254] plunged into the bay during a training exercise killing all three crew members.
  • On April 20, 1953, Western Airlines Flight 366, a Douglas DC-6 on a scheduled evening crossbay flight to Oakland International Airport, crashed three minutes after departing SFO into San Francisco Bay. There were eight fatalities (4 crew, 4 passengers) of the 10 occupants on board.[255]
  • On October 29, 1953, British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines flight 304,[256] a Douglas DC-6 en route from Sydney, Australia, with fuel stops in Auckland, New Zealand, Fiji, and Honolulu, crashed on approach to SFO into Kings Mountain in San Mateo County. All 19 passengers and crew members died.
  • On February 20, 1959, a Pan American DC-7C[257] crashed and burned on the runway. The three crew members on board survived.
  • On February 3, 1963, Slick Airways Flight 40[258] crashed and burned after striking approach lights on runway 28R, killing the four people on board.
  • On December 24, 1964, Flying Tiger Line Flight 282, a Lockheed Constellation cargo aircraft departing for New York City, crashed in the hills west of the airport, killing all three crew members on board.[259]
  • On June 28, 1965, Pan Am Flight 843, a Boeing 707, had just departed for Honolulu, Hawaii, when its #4 engine exploded, causing part of the wing and the engine itself to break off and fall into the streets below. The crew was able to extinguish the ensuing fire and land safely at the nearby Travis Air Force Base.
 
JAL002 ditched in shallow water short of SFO
  • On November 22, 1968, Japan Air Lines Flight 2, a DC-8-62 named the Shiga (registered as JA8032), operating Japan Airlines, crash-landed on final approach at 9:30 a.m. on a shallow submerged reef at the eastern tip of Coyote Point (three miles short of the runway southeast of the airport). The plane was on a trip from Tokyo to San Francisco, after making a stop in Honolulu. The pilot was experienced but misread the instruments on the DC-8, which was less than a year old. There were 107 people on the plane. There were no deaths or serious injuries. The plane was salvaged by Bigge Drayage Company soon after the crash. All luggage and fuel were removed to cut the weight and the plane was lifted onto a barge and taken to the airport for repairs. The cost of repairs was $4 million and the plane re-entered service the following April. The aircraft flew for Japan Air Lines until 1983 and then several air freight companies for 18 years until it was scrapped in December 2001.[260]
  • On July 30, 1971, Pan Am Flight 845, a Boeing 747 (registration: N747PA, name: Clipper America), struck navigational aids at the end of runway 1R on takeoff for Tokyo. The aircraft's landing gear and other systems were damaged. Two passengers were seriously injured by metal components of the runway approach light pier entering the cabin. The flight proceeded out over the Pacific Ocean to dump fuel to reduce weight for an emergency landing. Emergency services were deployed at the airport, and the plane returned and landed on runway 28R. During landing, the aircraft veered off the runway. There was no fire. After coming to a stop, the aircraft slowly tilted aft, coming to rest on its tail in a nose-high attitude. The forward evacuation slides were therefore in a nearly vertical position. Evacuation using these slides caused all of additional injuries, some severe. There were no fatalities among the 218 passengers and crew members aboard. An investigation determined that the cause of the accident was erroneous information from the flight dispatcher to the crew members regarding weight and runway length.[261]
  • On July 5, 1972, Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 710, a Boeing 737-200, was hijacked by two Bulgarian immigrants demanding $800,000 and to be taken to the Soviet Union. After flying for an hour and landing back at SFO, the plane was stormed by four FBI agents. Both hijackers were killed along with one passenger. Two other passengers were injured.[262]
  • On September 13, 1972, TWA Flight 604,[263] a Boeing 707-331C cargo plane crashed into the bay on takeoff. All three crew members survived.
  • On October 8, 1984, a Clay Lacy Aviation Learjet 24 crashed shortly after takeoff after descending in a steep left-wing low-nose attitude after entering a broken cloud at 600 feet. All three occupants (two crew, and one occupant) were killed.[264]
  • On February 19, 1985, China Airlines Flight 006 made an emergency landing at the airport after a fatigued crew mishandled a single engine flameout, eventually leading to a stall and catastrophic dive that nearly led the Boeing 747SP to hit the ocean.
  • On June 28, 1998, United Airlines Flight 863 was forced to shut down an engine just after takeoff, and then nearly collided with San Bruno Mountain due to improper flight procedure. The aircraft returned safely to the airport. In response, United instituted new training procedures for its flight crews.
  • In the September 11 attacks in 2001, United Airlines Flight 93 was destined for San Francisco. It was hijacked by four al-Qaeda terrorists and diverted towards Washington, D.C., with the intent of crashing the plane into either The Capitol or the White House. After learning of the previous attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon, the passengers attempted to regain control of the plane. The hijackers subsequently crashed the plane into a field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, killing everyone on board.
  • On May 26, 2007, an arriving SkyWest Airlines Embraer EMB 120 nearly collided with a Republic Airline Embraer 170 Regional Jet at the junction of Runways 01L and 28R. After the SkyWest EMB 120 passed the Runway 28R threshold, the Republic E-170 was cleared for takeoff on 01L, in contradiction to local and FAA orders requiring the arriving aircraft to pass the intersection before clearing departing aircraft on the intersecting runway.[265][266]
  • On June 28, 2008, an ABX Air Boeing 767 preparing to depart with cargo caught fire and was seriously damaged. The pilots escaped uninjured. Although the airline had received a threat the week before, investigations revealed no evidence of any malicious device on board, eventually concluding the fire was caused by an electrical system malfunction.[267][268]
  • On September 22, 2012, a PrimeFlight catering truck accidentally drove into the wing of a parked NetJets Gulfstream V. The wing sliced into the cab of the truck, killing the 60-year-old driver.[269]
 
The wreckage of Asiana Airlines Flight 214 after it crashed while landing on July 6, 2013
  • On July 6, 2013, Asiana Airlines Flight 214, a Boeing 777-200ER registered HL7742, crashed while landing. The crash occurred due to a combination of mistakes made by the aircraft's flight crew. The flight crew had selected an incorrect autopilot mode when attempting to descend, followed by placing the thrust levers into "idle", which disabled the autopilot from maintaining speed as the aircraft approached the seawall. Upon descending below the desired flight path, the flight crew should have determined that their speed was too low and attempted a "go-around" and re-attempt to land. However, this decision was not made until the altitude was less than 100 feet (30 m), by which point the aircraft could not accomplish a go-around. The tail section of the aircraft struck the seawall at the end of the runway and became detached from the airframe; the plane ended up 2,000 feet (610 m) down the runway. Passengers and crew members evacuated before a fire, due to the ignition of engine lubricant, destroyed the aircraft. There were three fatalities, making this the first fatal Boeing 777 crash.[270][271]
  • On July 7, 2017, Air Canada Flight 759, an Airbus A320-200, from Toronto Pearson was instructed by air traffic control to go around after overflying Taxiway C for 0.25 miles (400 m) while on visual approach for 28R. The A320 overflew the first two aircraft lined up on Taxiway C by roughly 100 feet (30 m). The pilots landed the aircraft afterward without incident. A total of three wide-body aircraft and one narrow-body aircraft were lined up awaiting takeoff on Taxiway C. The NTSB launched an investigation into the incident,[272][273] publishing the final report in September 2018.[274]
  • On October 22, 2017, Air Canada Flight 781, another Airbus A320-200, from Montreal landed on Runway 28R after being instructed by the ATC six times to go around, without any response from the pilots. Upon landing the crew reported they had radio problems in the cockpit, but a later FAA investigation found that the crew inadvertently switched from the SFO tower frequency to the SFO ground frequency after receiving their landing clearance.[275]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Passengers will need to transfer to a Dublin/Pleasanton or Berryessa-bound train between Daly City and West Oakland, and again at Coliseum to connect to the OAK AGT.

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February 15, 2024
francisco, international, airport, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, television, series, series, iata, icao, ksfo, international, airport, located, unincorporated, area, mateo, county, california, united, states, about, miles, south, francisco, fli. SFO redirects here For other uses see SFO disambiguation For the television series see San Francisco International Airport TV series San Francisco International Airport IATA SFO ICAO KSFO FAA LID SFO is an international airport located in an unincorporated area of San Mateo County California United States about 13 miles 21 km south of San Francisco 4 It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe the Middle East Asia and Oceania San Francisco International AirportIATA SFOICAO KSFOFAA LID SFOWMO 72494SummaryAirport typePublicOwner OperatorCity and County of San FranciscoServesSan Francisco Bay AreaLocationSan Mateo County California U S OpenedMay 7 1927 96 years ago 1927 05 07 Hub forAlaska AirlinesUnited AirlinesElevation AMSL13 ft 4 mCoordinates37 37 08 N 122 22 30 W 37 61889 N 122 37500 W 37 61889 122 37500Websiteflysfo wbr comMapsFAA airport diagramRunwaysDirection Length Surfaceft m10L 28R 11 870 3 618 Asphalt10R 28L 11 381 3 469 Asphalt01R 19L 8 650 2 637 Asphalt01L 19R 7 650 2 332 AsphaltStatistics 2023 Total Passengers50 196 094Aircraft operations384 871Total cargo tonnes 484 100Source San Francisco International Airport 1 and FAA 2 3 SFO is the largest airport in the San Francisco Bay Area and the second busiest in California after Los Angeles International Airport LAX In 2017 it was the seventh busiest airport in the United States and the 24th busiest in the world by passenger count 5 It is the fifth largest hub for United Airlines functioning as the airline s primary transpacific gateway and is a major maintenance hub It also serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines The airport is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco and lies in a ZIP code assigned to San Francisco Between 1999 and 2004 the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city owned SFO Enterprises Inc to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures 6 7 8 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early operations 1 2 World War II 1 3 International operations 1 4 Domestic expansion 1 5 Southwest Pacific Air West 1 6 Jet age 1 7 Service in California 1 8 Earthquake and planned Bay fill expansion 1 9 BART to SFO 1 10 Recent developments 2 Runways 3 Based aircraft and operations 4 Aircraft noise abatement 5 Terminals 5 1 Airside connectors 5 2 Harvey Milk Terminal 1 5 3 Terminal 2 5 4 Terminal 3 5 5 International Terminal 6 SFO Museum 7 Airlines and destinations 7 1 Passenger 7 2 Cargo 8 Statistics 8 1 Top destinations 8 2 Airline market share 8 3 Traffic numbers 9 Ground transportation 9 1 Transit 9 2 Car 9 3 Taxi 10 Other facilities 10 1 Wag Brigade 11 Accidents and incidents 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 External linksHistory edit nbsp Mills Field San Francisco Airport c 1930s The City and County of San Francisco first leased 150 acres 61 ha at the present airport site on March 15 1927 for what was then to be a temporary and experimental airport project 10 San Francisco held a dedication ceremony at the airfield officially named the Mills Field Municipal Airport of San Francisco on May 7 1927 11 on the 150 acre cow pasture The land was leased from the Mills Estate in an agreement made with Ogden L Mills who oversaw the large tracts of property originally acquired by his grandfather the banker Darius O Mills San Francisco purchased the property and the surrounding area expanding the site to 1 112 acres 450 ha beginning in August 1930 10 The airport s name was officially changed to San Francisco Airport in 1931 upon the purchase of the land International was added at the end of World War II as overseas service rapidly expanded citation needed Early operations edit The earliest scheduled carriers at the airport included Western Air Express Maddux Air Lines and Century Pacific Lines 10 United Airlines was formed in 1934 and quickly became the key carrier at the airport with Douglas DC 3 service to Los Angeles and New York beginning in January 1937 A new passenger terminal opened in 1937 built with Public Works Administration funding 10 The March 1939 Official Aviation Guide shows 18 airline departures on weekdays seventeen United flights and one TWA flight The August 1952 chart shows runway 1L 7 000 feet long 1R 7 750 feet 28L 6 500 feet and 28R 8 870 feet In addition to United Pacific Seaboard Air Lines flew between San Francisco and Los Angeles in 1933 the Bellanca CH 300s flew San Francisco San Jose Salinas Monterey Paso Robles San Luis Obispo Santa Maria Santa Barbara Los Angeles 12 Competition with United led Pacific Seaboard to move all of its operations to the eastern U S and rename itself Chicago and Southern Air Lines C amp S It became a large domestic and international air carrier Chicago amp Southern was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines in 1953 giving Delta its first international routes 13 Delta used the route authority inherited from C amp S to fly one of its first international services operated with Convair 880 jet aircraft from San Francisco to Montego Bay Jamaica and Caracas Venezuela via intermediate stops in Dallas and New Orleans in 1962 14 World War II edit During World War II the airport was used as a Coast Guard base and Army Air Corps training and staging base The base was called Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Mills Field and Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco 15 Pan American World Airways Pan Am which had operated international flying boat service from Treasure Island had to move its Pacific and Alaska seaplane operations to SFO in 1944 after Treasure Island was expropriated for use as a military base citation needed Pan Am began service from SFO after World War II with five weekly flights to Honolulu one of which continued to Canton Island Fiji New Caledonia and Auckland citation needed International operations edit The first service by foreign carriers was on Australian National Airways ANA Douglas DC 4s flown by British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines Sydney Auckland Fiji Kanton Island Honolulu San Francisco Vancouver BC The first flight left Australia on September 15 1946 16 In 1947 Pan American World Airways began its round the world flights from SFO to Guam Japan the Philippines China and other countries Pan Am also flew to Sydney from SFO 17 The year 1947 saw the start of United Airlines Douglas DC 6 flights to Hawaii and Philippine Airlines flights to Manila 10 TWA began flying Lockheed Constellations L 1649A s nonstop to London Heathrow and Paris Orly in 1957 18 19 In 1954 Qantas took over the ANA BCPA route from SFO to Sydney starting in 1959 their Boeing 707s flew to Sydney via Honolulu and Nadi Fiji and in the other direction to New York and London 20 Pan Am scheduled Boeing 707 320s from Tokyo nonstop to SFO winter only at first starting in 1960 61 the westbound nonstops had to await the longer range Boeing 707 320B British Overseas Airways Corporation BOAC a predecessor of British Airways arrived in 1957 in 1960 its Bristol Britannias flew London New York City San Francisco Honolulu Wake Island Tokyo Hong Kong as part of BOAC s around the world service 21 By 1961 BOAC had replaced the Britannias with Boeing 707s that did not require the fuel stop at the Wake Island Airfield 22 Japan Airlines JAL arrived at SFO in 1954 in 1961 it was flying Douglas DC 8s San Francisco Honolulu Tokyo 23 In 1961 Lufthansa had begun serving SFO with Boeing 707s flying San Francisco Montreal Dorval Airport Paris Orly Airport Frankfurt three days a week 24 Lufthansa operated Boeing 720Bs on this routing in 1963 along with Boeing 707s to Frankfurt via Montreal and London Heathrow Airport 25 Pan Am Panagra service from SFO to South America was taken over in the late 1960s by Braniff International which operated Douglas DC 8 62s to SFO after Braniff s acquisition of Panagra 26 In 1970 CP Air formerly Canadian Pacific Air Lines Boeing 737 200s flew nonstop to Vancouver BC and on to Winnipeg Toronto Ottawa and Montreal 27 Domestic expansion edit nbsp Opening gala at the Central Passenger Terminal on August 27 1954The first nonstops to the U S east coast were United Douglas DC 7s in 1954 The airport s new Terminal Building opened on August 27 1954 The large display of aircraft including a Convair B 36 Peacemaker bomber was a marvel for its time 28 29 The building became the Central Terminal with the addition of the South Terminal and the North Terminal and was heavily rebuilt as the International Terminal in 1984 and then modified again as the current Terminal 2 Domestically the April 1957 Official Airline Guide OAG lists 71 scheduled weekday departures on United plus ten flights a week to Honolulu 22 on Western Airlines 19 on Southwest Airways which was later renamed Pacific Air Lines 12 on Trans World Airlines TWA seven on American Airlines and three on Pacific Southwest Airlines PSA As for international flights Pan American had 21 departures a week Japan Airlines JAL had five and Qantas also had five citation needed Southwest Pacific Air West edit nbsp Southwest Airways C 47 landing at SFO in 1948Southwest Airways began flying scheduled passenger operations from SFO in 1946 with war surplus C 47s the military version of the Douglas DC 3 In the late 1950s Southwest Airways changed its name to Pacific Air Lines which was based at SFO 30 In 1959 Pacific Air Lines began flying new Fairchild F 27s from SFO 31 and by 1966 was flying new Boeing 727 100s from the airport 32 Pacific used the 727 to introduce the first jet service from San Francisco to several cities in California including Bakersfield Eureka Arcata Fresno Lake Tahoe Monterey and Santa Barbara In 1968 Pacific merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West which also had its headquarters at SFO West Coast Airlines had served SFO mainly with Douglas DC 9 10s and Fairchild F 27s to Oregon and Washington states 33 In 1970 Air West was acquired by Howard Hughes who renamed the airline Hughes Airwest which continued to be based at the airport where it also operated a hub By the late 1970s the airline was operating an all jet fleet of Boeing 727 200 Douglas DC 9 10 and McDonnell Douglas DC 9 30 jetliners serving an extensive route network in the western U S with flights to Mexico and western Canada as well 34 Hughes Airwest was eventually acquired by Minneapolis based Republic Airlines 1979 1986 in 1980 and the airline s headquarters office at SFO was closed Jet age edit The jet age arrived at SFO in March 1959 when TWA introduced Boeing 707 131s nonstop to New York Idlewild Airport which was renamed JFK Airport in 1963 United then constructed a large maintenance facility in San Francisco for its new Douglas DC 8s which were also flying nonstop to New York In July 1959 the first jetway bridge was installed at SFO one of the first in the United States On the cover of January 3 1960 American Airlines timetable contained this message NOW 707 JET FLAGSHIP SERVICE NONSTOP SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK 2 FLIGHTS DAILY 35 Also in 1960 Western Airlines was operating champagne flights with Boeing 707s and Lockheed L 188 Electras to Los Angeles Seattle San Diego and Portland OR 36 In 1961 the airport had helicopter service on San Francisco and Oakland Helicopter Airlines known as SFO Helicopter Airlines and as SFO Helicopter with 68 flights a day Helicopters flew from SFO to downtown heliports in San Francisco and Oakland to a new heliport near the Berkeley Marina and to Oakland Airport OAK In its timetable SFO Helicopter Airlines which was based at the airport described its rotorcraft as modern jet turbine powered Sikorsky S 62 ten passenger amphibious helicopters 37 38 By 1962 Delta Air Lines was flying Convair 880s to SFO on one its first international jet services San Francisco Dallas Love Field New Orleans Montego Bay Jamaica Caracas Venezuela 14 Also in 1962 National Airlines began flying Douglas DC 8s San Francisco Houston Hobby Airport New Orleans Miami 39 Service in California edit By 1960 all Pacific Southwest Airlines PSA flights out of SFO were operated with Lockheed L 188 Electras nonstop to Los Angeles LAX and Burbank BUR now Bob Hope Airport with some flights continuing to San Diego 40 In summer 1962 PSA had 14 departures a day Monday through Thursday to southern California 21 departures on Friday and 22 on Sunday In 1965 PSA was operating new Boeing 727 100s which were joined in 1967 by Boeing 727 200s and McDonnell Douglas DC 9 30s 41 In 1974 PSA was flying two wide body Lockheed L 1011 TriStars 41 After the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 PSA expanded outside of California In 1967 another intrastate airline joined PSA at SFO Air California flying Lockheed L 188 Electras nonstop to Orange County Airport SNA now John Wayne Airport citation needed Like PSA Air California later renamed AirCal eventually became an all jet airline and expanded outside of California AirCal was merged into American Airlines while PSA was merged into USAir later renamed US Airways which in turn eventually merged with American Airlines Earthquake and planned Bay fill expansion edit nbsp San Francisco International Airport at nightThe airport closed following the Loma Prieta earthquake on October 17 1989 reopening the following morning 42 Minor damage to the runways was quickly repaired 43 In 1989 a master plan and Environmental Impact Report were prepared to guide development over the next two decades 44 During the boom of the 1990s and the dot com boom SFO became the sixth busiest airport in the world but since 2001 when the boom ended SFO has fallen out of the top 20 45 United Express turboprops were scheduled 60 minutes apart to the shuttle connecting passengers between SFO and nearby San Jose International Airport during the boom era citation needed United Groundlink supplemented this service with alternate 60 minute frequencies nbsp San Francisco International Terminal at nightA 2 4 billion International Terminal Complex opened in December 2000 replacing Terminal 2 known then as the International Terminal 29 The new International Terminal includes the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Museum and Library and the Louis A Turpen Aviation Museum as part of the SFO Museum 46 SFO s long running museum exhibition program now called SFO Museum won unprecedented accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999 47 SFO experiences delays known as flow control in overcast weather when only two of the airport s four runways can be used at a time because the centerlines of the parallel runway sets 01R 01L and 28R 28L are only 750 feet 230 m apart Airport planners advanced proposals that would extend the airport s runways by adding up to 2 square miles 1 300 acres 520 ha of fill to San Francisco Bay and increase their separation by up to 4 300 feet 1 300 m in 1998 to accommodate arrivals and departures during periods of low visibility Other proposals included three floating runways each approximately 12 000 feet 3 700 m long and 1 000 feet 300 m wide 48 The airport would be required by law to restore Bay land elsewhere in the Bay Area to offset the fill One mitigation proposal would have the airport purchase and restore the 29 000 acres 12 000 ha of South Bay wetlands owned by Cargill Salt to compensate for the new fill 49 50 These expansion proposals met resistance from environmental groups including the Sierra Club fearing damage to the habitat of animals near the airport recreational degradation such as windsurfing and bay water quality 49 51 State Senator John L Burton introduced SB 1562 on February 18 2000 to bypass the environmental impact study that would normally be required for a large project like the proposed Bay fill and mitigation in order to expedite construction SB 1562 was signed into law on September 29 2000 52 53 A study commissioned by the airport and released in 2001 stated that alternatives to airport expansion such as redirecting traffic to other regional airports Oakland or San Jose capping the number of flights or charging higher landing fees at selected times of the day would result in higher fares and poorer service 54 However the proposal to build new runways on Bay fill continued to attract opposition from environmental groups and local residents 55 The airport expansion cost was estimated at US 1 400 000 000 equivalent to 2 510 000 000 in 2022 in 1998 56 rising to US 2 200 000 000 equivalent to 3 860 000 000 in 2022 a year later including an estimate of US 200 000 000 equivalent to 351 000 000 in 2022 for the Cargill wetlands purchase and restoration 57 The delays during poor weather among other reasons caused some airlines especially low cost carriers such as Southwest Airlines to shift all of their services from SFO to the Oakland and San Jose airports However Southwest eventually returned to San Francisco in 2007 58 BART to SFO edit A long planned extension of the Bay Area Rapid Transit BART system to the airport opened on June 22 2003 allowing passengers to board BART trains at the international or domestic terminals and have direct rail transportation to downtown San Francisco Oakland and the East Bay 59 On February 24 2003 the AirTrain people mover opened transporting passengers between terminals parking lots the BART station and the rental car center on small automatic trains Recent developments edit SFO became the base of operations for start up airline Virgin America with service to over 20 destinations On October 4 2007 an Airbus A380 jumbo jet made its first visit to SFO 60 On July 14 2008 SFO was voted Best International Airport in North America for 2008 in the World Airports Survey by Skytrax 61 The following year on June 9 Skytrax announced SFO as the second best International Airport in North America in the 2009 World Airports Survey losing to Dallas Fort Worth International Airport 62 nbsp New control tower photographed in 2018 In response to longstanding FAA concerns that the airport s air traffic control tower located atop Terminal 2 could not withstand a major earthquake on July 9 2012 crews broke ground for a new torch shaped tower 63 The new tower is located between Terminals 1 and 2 and the base of the tower building contains passages between the two terminals for passengers both pre and post security screening which dictated the narrow tower base 64 Originally scheduled for completion in the summer of 2016 at a cost of 102 million the new tower began operations on October 15 2016 65 SFO was one of several US airports that operated the Registered Traveler program from April 2007 until funding ended in June 2009 This program let travelers who had paid for pre screening pass through security checkpoints quickly 66 67 Baggage and passenger screening is operated by Covenant Aviation Security a Transportation Security Administration contractor nicknamed Team SFO SFO was the first airport in the United States to integrate in line baggage screening into its baggage handling system and has been a model for other airports since the September 11 attacks in 2001 In September 2018 SFO announced plans to use sustainable fuels after signing an agreement with fuel suppliers airlines and agencies 68 As part of the agreement Shell and SkyNRG began supplying sustainable aviation fuel to KLM SAS and Finnair flights operating out of SFO 69 70 Like all airports SFO sustained a massive decline in traffic in 2020 and 2021 because of the COVID 19 pandemic 71 The only upside was that the decline reduced traffic to levels easily handled in all weather conditions 71 In 2022 SFO was ranked no 1 by The Wall Street Journal on its list of Best Large U S Airports on which the airport was ranked no 1 for both reliability and convenience 71 Runways edit nbsp FAA runway diagram of SFO with color added to terminals and runwaysThe airport covers 5 207 acres 21 07 km2 at an elevation of 13 1 feet 4 0 m 2 72 It has four asphalt runways arranged in two intersecting sets of parallel runways 73 Runway 01L 19R 7 650 ft 200 ft 2 332 m 61 m surface asphalt has approved GPS approaches Runway 01R 19L 8 650 ft 200 ft 2 637 m 61 m surface asphalt ILS DME equipped and has approved GPS VOR approaches Runway 10L 28R 11 870 ft 200 ft 3 618 m 61 m surface asphalt Category III ILS DME equipped and has approved GPS approaches Runway 10R 28L 11 381 ft 200 ft 3 469 m 61 m surface asphalt ILS DME equipped and has approved GPS approaches 2 Runways are named for their magnetic heading to the nearest ten degrees hence the runways at 14 74 from magnetic north are 01L 01R and the runways at 284 are 28R 28L The layout of the parallel runways 1L 1R and 28R 28L was established in the 1950s and have a separation centerline to centerline of only 750 feet 230 m 73 During normal operations approximately 81 of the time domestic departures use Runways 1L and 1R for departure while overseas international departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R taking advantage of the prevailing west northwesterly wind coming through the San Bruno Gap During periods of heavy winds or if operations at Oakland International Airport conflict with SFO departures approximately 15 of the time Runways 1L and 1R cannot be used and so all departures and all arrivals use Runways 28L and 28R These configurations are known collectively as the West Plan and accommodate arrivals at a rate of up to 60 aircraft per hour 73 75 Under visual flight rules aircraft may safely land side by side essentially simultaneously on 28L and 28R while maintaining visual separation 73 76 When the visual approach is compromised the West Plan is maintained with a modification to allow aircraft landing on 28L to use Instrument Landing System ILS while the aircraft landing on 28R takes an offset course monitored via high scan rate ground radar to maintain a lateral spacing greater than 750 ft until the aircraft can maintain visual separation Visual separation typically occurs once the aircraft has descended below the cloud deck at an altitude of 2 100 feet 640 m This is known as the Precision Runway Monitor Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approach and reduces the capacity to 36 arriving aircraft per hour In poor visibility conditions FAA instrument approach rules require aircraft to maintain lateral separation of 4 300 feet 1 300 m meaning only one runway may be used reducing the capacity of SFO to 25 30 arriving aircraft per hour 73 76 During rainstorms approximately 4 of the time the prevailing winds shift to a south southeasterly direction and departing aircraft use Runways 10L and 10R and arriving aircraft use Runways 19L and 19R This configuration is known as the Southeast Plan 73 77 On rare occasions less than one day per year on average wind conditions dictate other runway configurations including departures and landings on Runways 10L and 10R departures and landings on Runways 1L and 1R and departures on Runways 19L and 19R and landings on Runways 28L and 28R Based aircraft and operations editIn 2019 SFO had 458 496 aircraft operations an average of 1 255 per day This consisted of 86 scheduled commercial 11 air taxi 2 general aviation and lt 1 military There were 14 aircraft based at SFO 6 jets 1 helicopter and 7 military aircraft 2 Aircraft noise abatement editSee also Noise mitigation and Aircraft noise SFO was one of the first airports to implement a Fly Quiet Program which grades airlines on their performance on noise abatement procedures while flying in and out of SFO The Jon C Long Fly Quiet Program 78 was started by the Aircraft Noise Abatement Office to encourage airlines to operate as quietly as possible at SFO SFO was one of the first U S airports to conduct a residential sound abatement retrofitting program Established by the FAA in the early 1980s this program evaluated the cost effectiveness of reducing interior sound levels for homes near the airport within the 65 CNEL noise contour The program made use of a noise computer model to predict improvement in specific residential interiors for a variety of noise control strategies This pilot program was conducted for a neighborhood in South San Francisco and success was achieved in all of the homes analyzed The costs turned out to be modest and the post construction interior sound level tests confirmed the predictions for noise abatement To date over 153 million has been spent to insulate more than 15 000 homes in the neighboring cities of Daly City Pacifica San Bruno and South San Francisco 79 Terminals edit nbsp Terminal map of SFOThe airport has four terminals 1 2 3 and International and seven concourses Boarding Areas A through G with a total of 115 gates arranged alphabetically in a counterclockwise ring Terminal 1 Boarding Area B Terminal 2 Boarding Areas C and D and Terminal 3 Boarding Areas E and F handle domestic and precleared flights The International Terminal Boarding Areas A and G handles international flights and some domestic flights Historically the oldest terminal building still standing is Terminal 2 which was originally completed in 1954 as the Central Terminal with four concourses Piers B C D and E lettered sequentially from north to south 80 Terminal 1 was added as the South Terminal in 1963 with Piers F FF Pier F had two satellite rotundas and G and Pier E was reassigned to the South Terminal upon its completion International traffic was routed through Pier G and a new Rotunda G was completed in 1974 to expand Pier G Terminal 3 was added as the North Terminal in 1979 with Pier A Also once the North Terminal was completed in 1979 the piers were renamed counterclockwise with letter designations corresponding to present day Boarding Areas starting with Pier A present day Boarding Area A originally Pier G Pier B present day Boarding Area B originally Pier F FF Pier C present day Boarding Area C originally Pier E and Pier F present day Boarding Area F originally Pier A 81 A new Pier E was added to the North Terminal in 1981 approximately where the old Pier B stood and the Central Terminal was rebuilt with a single pier D to serve international flights in 1983 until a new International Terminal opened in 2000 Since then the terminals were renamed with numbers in 2001 and the older terminals are in the process of renovation A rebuild of Terminal 2 formerly the Central Terminal was completed in 2011 followed by the completion of the rebuild of Terminal 3 East North Terminal Pier E in 2015 The rebuild of Terminal 1 South Terminal will be complete by late 2024 82 83 Airside connectors edit nbsp Airside connector between International Terminal and Terminal 3There are airside connectors at SFO that enable passengers to move between adjacent terminal buildings while staying within the secure area Connectors currently connect the A gates of International Terminal to the B gates of Terminal 1 and the C gates of Terminal 1 to Terminal 2 Terminal 2 to 3 and Terminal 3 to the International Terminal G gates 84 85 86 87 88 By 2024 the opening of an expanded Terminal 1 lobby and post security area will reconnect Boarding Area C with the rest of renovated Terminal 1 89 This means that all gates at the airport will be connected within the secure area There are no airside connectors between the International Terminal A and G gates Harvey Milk Terminal 1 edit nbsp Artwork memorializing gay rights activist and former San Francisco supervisor Harvey Milk 1930 1978 nbsp Harvey Milk Terminal 1 Community Day July 2019Formerly known as the South Terminal Harvey Milk Terminal 1 90 is composed of Boarding Area B which currently has 18 gates gates B6 B9 B12 B14 B17 B18 and B19 B27 Prior to June 23 2020 Boarding Area C was also considered part of Terminal 1 A third boarding area Rotunda A was demolished in early 2006 as its functions had been taken over by the new International Terminal The South Terminal which cost US 14 000 000 equivalent to 133 820 000 in 2022 91 was initially dedicated on September 15 1963 92 The terminal was designed by Welton Becket and Associates 93 When it opened the South Terminal had three piers Pier G for international flights approximately at the same location as the present day Boarding Area B A A in the International Terminal Pier F FF used by Trans World Airlines TWA and Western Airlines later renamed B A B and Pier E used by American Airlines originally part of Terminal 2 approximately at the present day B A C 94 The three level Rotunda A addition was completed in 1974 at the end of Pier G 95 96 97 When the North Terminal was completed in 1979 Pier G was renamed Pier A with the other piers renamed in a counterclockwise direction proceeding from the new Pier A 82 International flights were moved to the rebuilt Central Terminal Terminal 2 in 1983 and then to the new International Terminal in 2000 The South Terminal underwent a US 150 000 000 equivalent to 371 160 000 in 2022 renovation designed by Howard A Friedman and Associates 98 Marquis Associates and Wong amp Brocchini 99 that was completed in 1988 Terminal 1 is undergoing a US 2 400 000 000 equivalent to 2 926 460 000 in 2022 project to modernize the concourse and add gates 100 the project broke ground on June 29 2016 The phase of the project to expand Boarding Area B includes the demolition of the old TWA hangar the demolition of the two rotundas and the relocation of two taxiways 94 The multi phase project will yield a total of 24 gates when complete in 2020 the existing Boarding Area B has fewer than 20 usable gates including a secure Federal Inspection Services FIS connector to the existing customs facilities in the International Terminal 101 This will effectively add six new gates that can handle international arrivals Planning for a renovation of Boarding Area C is underway with construction to commence after the completion of work on Boarding Area B The projected completion date for Boarding Area C work is mid 2024 94 In April 2018 the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and mayor Mark Farrell approved and signed legislation renaming Terminal 1 after deceased gay rights activist and former member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Harvey Milk and planned to install artwork memorializing him This followed a previous attempt to rename the entire airport after him which was turned down 102 103 Following the art and photo installation the renamed terminal was opened to the media and public for preview tours in advance of its official opening on July 23 2019 90 Harvey Milk Terminal 1 is the world s first airport terminal named after a leader of the LGBTQ community 90 The first nine gates at the newly reconstructed Boarding Area B opened on July 23 2019 with Southwest Airlines and JetBlue becoming the first tenants JetBlue operates two gates preferentially B6 and B7 and shares one with Southwest B8 while Southwest operates five gates preferentially B9 B12 B14 and B17 104 In late April 2020 the terminal s new lobby opened with new ticket counters for Southwest and JetBlue and a new permanent exhibit honoring Milk 105 106 On May 12 2020 in conjunction with the launch of nine new gates at Boarding Area B B19 B27 American Airlines moved into the new facility with new ticket counters baggage systems and a new Admirals Club lounge American operates six of the nine new gates preferentially B22 B27 107 108 The final seven Boarding Area B gates B2 B5 B10 B11 B15 B16 in the new terminal opened on May 25 2021 109 Frontier Airlines Hawaiian Airlines and Sun Country Airlines are scheduled to move in eventually 104 As of 2022 Hawaiian Airlines and WestJet have moved a few of their departures into B Gates at Terminal 1 but check in counters remain in International Terminal A In 2024 Alaska Airlines will move all of its operations from Terminal 2 into Harvey Milk Terminal 1 in order to be closer to their Oneworld partner American Airlines 110 Terminal 2 edit Formerly known as the Central Terminal Terminal 2 is composed of Boarding Area C which has 10 gates gates C2 C11 and Boarding Area D which has 15 gates D1 D12 and D14 D16 The D gates is where Alaska Airlines has its hub Gate D13 does not exist as the number has been reserved for future development 111 Terminal 2 opened in 1954 as the main airport terminal After a drastic rebuilding designed by Gensler it replaced Rotunda A as SFO s international terminal in 1983 112 113 until it was closed for renovation after the current international terminal opened in 2000 The initial plan was to convert Terminal 2 for domestic travel and reopen it by fall 2001 but the loss of passenger traffic after the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001 put those plans on hold The upper levels continued to be used as office spaces and for the airport s medical clinic and the control tower remained in use 114 On May 12 2008 a US 383 000 000 equivalent to 520 570 000 in 2022 renovation project was announced that included a new control tower the use of green materials a seismic retrofit and an expansion from ten to fourteen gates 114 115 The terminal reopened for commercial travel on April 14 2011 with Virgin America later Alaska Airlines and American Airlines sharing the new 14 gate common use facility 116 Approximately a week earlier on April 6 2011 Virgin America s ceremonial flight VX2001 was the first to arrive at the renovated Terminal 2 an Airbus A320 bearing founder Richard Branson with other invited celebrity guests such as Buzz Aldrin Rachel Hunter and Gavin Newsom VX2001 had rendezvoused with White Knight Two SpaceShipTwo over Point Reyes before making a side by side landing 117 The newly renovated terminal also designed by Gensler features permanent art installations from Janet Echelman Kendall Buster Norie Sato Charles Sowers and Walter Kitundu 112 118 119 Transition zones the immediate post security line area for passenger recomposure and exit areas where disembarking passengers may be greeted were designed with generous space 120 121 Terminal 2 set accolades by being the first U S airport to achieve LEED Gold status 122 Paolo Lucchesi a local food critic noted the sustainable food and dining program featuring local vendors and sources 123 124 Following the construction of a new control tower in 2016 the tower and the offices above the terminal were demolished and new office space was constructed in their place On February 14 2020 a new public outdoor observation deck called SkyTerrace was opened in the new office space 125 Until May 12 2020 American s check in counters were consolidated to T2 but its operations were split between Boarding Area D and Boarding Area C linked via an airside connector Following American s move to T1 the existing Admirals Club location was converted to an Alaska lounge 126 As of June 23 2020 SFO advertises Boarding Area C as part of Terminal 2 due to construction 127 During the construction of Boarding Area B Boarding Area C continues to operate with Delta Air Lines operating as the main tenant Air Canada and Breeze Airways have moved into Terminal 2 during 2022 Q1 As a result all check ins and departures from Air Canada are no longer operating at the International Terminal Terminal 3 edit nbsp Terminal 3 interiorFormerly known as the North Terminal Terminal 3 is composed of Boarding Area E with 13 gates gates E1 E13 and Boarding Area F with 23 gates gates F1 F3 F3A F4 F22 Terminal 3 is used for United Airlines domestic flights Mainline United and United Express flights use both boarding areas 128 This 82 44 million terminal was originally designed by San Francisco Airport Architects a joint venture of John Carl Warnecke and Associates Dreyfuss Blackford Architecture and minority architects 129 The groundbreaking ceremony for the North Terminal was held on April 22 1971 130 and Boarding Area F opened in 1979 and Boarding Area E opened in 1981 131 All terminals except the International Terminal were redesignated by number starting October 1 2001 132 A solar roof was installed in 2007 with sufficient generating capacity to power all Terminal 3 lights during the day 133 American Airlines 134 and Air Canada 135 occupied Boarding Area E until it closed for refurbishment in 2011 under the airport s FY 2010 11 FY 2014 15 Capital Plan Designed by Gensler the renovation included architectural enhancements structural renovations replacement of HVAC systems roof repair and new carpeting 136 Initial modest renovation plans were replaced by a more ambitious project after the popularity of the remodeling of Terminal 2 137 After the completion of the US 138 000 000 equivalent to 170 590 000 in 2022 project Boarding Area E reopened on January 28 2014 followed by Terminal 3 East on November 18 2014 138 139 140 The project moved one gate from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E to provide a total of ten aircraft parking positions at T3E 141 Following a 2019 renumbering of all gates at SFO three additional gates moved from Boarding Area F to Boarding Area E with the latter now containing 13 gates 111 In 2020 airport officials shelved a renovation for Terminal 3 West 142 However as of 2023 the airport hopes to break ground in 2024 143 The project would seismically retrofit part of Terminal 3 and add the capability to handle international arrivals to up to four gates There are three United Clubs in Terminal 3 one near the rotunda for Boarding Area F one on the mezzanine across from gate E2 and another at the beginning of Boarding Area E Terminal 3 also houses the American Express Centurion Lounge located across from Gate F2 International Terminal edit nbsp The International Terminal nbsp Interior of the International Terminal check in areaThe International Terminal is composed of Boarding Areas A and G Designed by Craig W Hartman of Skidmore Owings and Merrill the terminal opened in December 2000 to replace the International Departures section of Terminal 2 It is the largest international terminal in North America and the largest building in the world built on base isolators to protect against earthquakes 144 Food service focuses on quick service versions of leading San Francisco Bay Area restaurants following other SFO terminals Planners attempted to make the airport a destination in and of itself not just for travelers passing through 145 The international terminal is a common use facility with all gates and all ticketing areas shared among international airlines and several domestic carriers Common use terminal equipment CUTE is used at check in counters and gates 146 All international arrivals and departures are handled here except flights from cities with customs preclearance The International Terminal houses the airport s BART station adjacent to the garage leading to Boarding Area G The SFO Medical Clinic is located next to the security screening area of Boarding Area A All gates in this terminal have at least two jetway bridges except gates A3 and A12 which have one Gates A1 and A2 can accommodate two aircraft Six of the gates are designed for the Airbus A380 making SFO one of the first airports in the world with such gates when it was built in 2000 147 Gate A11 has three jetways for boarding 148 Four other gates have two jetways fitted for A380 service 148 The International Terminal completed a continuous ring of terminals by filling in the last remaining gap to the west of then existing terminals Its geometry required that the terminal structure be built above the main access road at enormous expense including building dedicated ramps for connectivity to Highway 101 The design and construction of the international terminal was by Skidmore Owings amp Merrill Del Campo amp Maru Architects Michael Willis Associates and built by Tutor Perini main terminal building Hellmuth Obata and Kassabaum in association with Robin Chiang amp Company Robert B Wong Architects and built by Tutor Perini Boarding Area G and Gerson Overstreet Architects and built by Hensel Phelps Construction Boarding Area A 144 The contracts were awarded after an architectural design competition nbsp United Airlines planes at the International Terminal in July 2022Most international flights operated by Star Alliance carriers including all United international flights and select United domestic flights are assigned to Boarding Area G s 14 gates G1 G14 149 Most international flights operated by SkyTeam Oneworld and non aligned international carriers board and deplane at Boarding Area A s 15 gates gates A1 A15 However Star Alliance carrier Avianca El Salvador operates out of Boarding Area A and non aligned carriers Aer Lingus Fiji Airways and WestJet typically park at Boarding Area G Boarding Area A is also used by domestic carriers Frontier Airlines Sun Country Airlines and Hawaiian Airlines When all gates in an airline s designated international boarding area are full the passengers will board or deplane from the opposite international boarding area Aer Lingus Flair Airlines and WestJet operate from airports with United States border preclearance allowing arriving passengers to skip the wait at customs and immigration when they arrive at SFO and exit the airport from the departure level The two main designations for the International Terminal are I and INTL abbreviations for International Oftentimes travel itineraries will say T I and this has led to instances where passengers misinterpret the I as Terminal 1 especially since both Boarding Area A and Boarding Area G are used for a limited number of domestic flights who In 2024 the airport announced that the International Terminal would be renamed after the late senator and former mayor Dianne Feinstein 150 The departures main hall is already named after the late mayor Ed Lee SFO Museum edit nbsp SFO Museum entranceSFO Museum was created in 1980 as a collaboration between the San Francisco Airport Commission and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and was the first museum in an international airport 151 It was accredited by the American Alliance of Museums in 1999 and contains both permanent artwork and temporary exhibitions in more than 20 galleries The Aviation Museum and Library officially the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Library and Louis A Turpen Aviation Museum is located in the International Terminal featuring a model of a DC 3 Other prominent installations include works by 152 153 Robert Bechtle San Francisco Nova T3 boarding area E Kendall Buster Topograph T2 departure lounge Janet Echelman Every Beating Second T2 recomposure area Joyce Kozloff Bay Area Victorian Bay Area Deco Bay Area Funk tile wall IT T1 connector Seiji Kunishima Stacking Stones T2 Ursula von Rydingsvard Ocean Voices II T3 E Plaza Norie Sato Air Over Under T2 exterior Larry Sultan and Mike Mandel Waiting IT b a A Rufino Tamayo Conquest of Space IT exterior Wayne Thiebaud 18th Street Downgrade T3 b a E James Torlakson Behind Ted McMann s Garage T3 b a E Bob Zoell BFILRYD T3 IT connector Frequent travelers and airline staff have reportedly told SFO Museum officials they make it a point to arrive to the airport early in order to view the galleries 154 Airlines and destinations editPassenger edit AirlinesDestinationsRefsAer LingusDublin 155 AeromexicoGuadalajara Mexico City 156 Air CanadaMontreal Trudeau Toronto Pearson Vancouver 157 Air Canada ExpressEdmonton 157 Air ChinaBeijing Capital 158 Air FranceParis Charles de Gaulle 159 Air IndiaBangalore Delhi Mumbai 160 161 Air New ZealandAuckland 162 Air PremiaSeoul Incheon begins May 17 2024 163 Air TransatSeasonal Montreal Trudeau 164 Alaska AirlinesAustin Boise Boston Burbank 165 Cancun Chicago O Hare Dallas Love ends April 10 2024 166 Everett Honolulu Kahului Las Vegas Los Angeles Newark New York JFK Orange County Orlando Palm Springs Phoenix Sky Harbor Portland OR Puerto Vallarta Redmond Bend Salt Lake City San Diego San Jose del Cabo Seattle Tacoma Spokane Washington Dulles Washington NationalSeasonal Anchorage Bozeman Fort Lauderdale Ixtapa Zihuatanejo Jackson Hole Loreto Mazatlan Tampa 167 All Nippon AirwaysTokyo Haneda Tokyo Narita 168 American AirlinesCharlotte Chicago O Hare Dallas Fort Worth Los Angeles Miami New York JFK Philadelphia Phoenix Sky Harbor 169 American EagleLos Angeles Phoenix Sky Harbor 169 Asiana AirlinesSeoul Incheon 170 Avianca El SalvadorSan Salvador 171 Breeze AirwaysCincinnati Louisville Provo Richmond San Bernardino Seasonal Grand Junction begins May 22 2024 172 173 British AirwaysLondon Heathrow 174 Cathay PacificHong Kong 175 China AirlinesTaipei Taoyuan 176 China Eastern AirlinesShanghai Pudong 177 China Southern AirlinesWuhan 178 CondorSeasonal Frankfurt 179 Copa AirlinesPanama City Tocumen 180 Delta Air LinesAtlanta Boston Detroit Los Angeles Minneapolis St Paul New York JFK Salt Lake City Seattle Tacoma 181 Delta ConnectionSeattle Tacoma 181 EmiratesDubai International 182 EVA AirTaipei Taoyuan 183 Fiji AirwaysNadi 184 Flair AirlinesVancouver 185 French BeePapeete Paris Orly 186 Frontier AirlinesAtlanta Dallas Fort Worth Denver Los Angeles begins April 10 2024 187 Las Vegas Ontario Phoenix Sky Harbor Portland OR begins April 10 2024 187 Salt Lake City begins April 10 2024 187 San Diego begins April 10 2024 187 Seasonal Chicago Midway Detroit Orlando 188 Hawaiian AirlinesHonolulu Kahului 189 IberiaSeasonal Madrid 190 ITA AirwaysRome Fiumicino 191 Japan AirlinesTokyo Haneda Tokyo Narita 192 JetBlueBoston Fort Lauderdale Los Angeles New York JFK Seasonal Cancun 193 KLMAmsterdam 194 Korean AirSeoul Incheon 195 LevelSeasonal Barcelona 196 LufthansaFrankfurt Munich 197 Lynx AirToronto Pearson begins May 3 2024 198 Philippine AirlinesManila 199 Porter AirlinesToronto Pearson 200 QantasSydney 201 202 Qatar AirwaysDoha 203 Scandinavian AirlinesCopenhagen 204 Singapore AirlinesSingapore 205 Southwest AirlinesChicago Midway Denver Las Vegas Los Angeles Phoenix Sky Harbor San Diego St Louis resumes March 7 2024 206 Seasonal Dallas Love resumes June 8 2024 207 208 209 Starlux AirlinesTaipei Taoyuan 210 Sun Country AirlinesMinneapolis St Paul 211 Swiss International Air LinesZurich 212 TAP Air PortugalLisbon 213 Turkish AirlinesIstanbul 214 United AirlinesAtlanta Auckland Austin Baltimore Beijing Capital 215 Boise Boston Brisbane Burbank Calgary Cancun Chendgu Shuangliu resumes October 27 2024 216 Chicago O Hare Cleveland Columbus Glenn Dallas Fort Worth Delhi resumes October 26 2024 217 Denver Fort Lauderdale Frankfurt Hong Kong Honolulu Houston Intercontinental Indianapolis Kahului Kailua Kona Kansas City Las Vegas Lihue London Heathrow Los Angeles Manila 218 Melbourne Mexico City Miami Minneapolis St Paul Munich Nashville Newark New Orleans Ontario Orange County Orlando Osaka Kansai Papeete Paris Charles de Gaulle Philadelphia Phoenix Sky Harbor Pittsburgh Portland OR Puerto Vallarta Raleigh Durham Reno Tahoe Salt Lake City San Antonio San Diego San Jose del Cabo Seattle Tacoma Seoul Incheon Shanghai Pudong Singapore Sydney Taipei Taoyuan Tampa Tel Aviv suspended Tokyo Haneda Tokyo Narita Toronto Pearson Vancouver Washington Dulles Washington National Seasonal Albuquerque Amsterdam Anchorage Barcelona begins May 23 2024 219 Bozeman Christchurch 220 221 Eugene Fort Myers Jackson Hole Liberia CR Medford Omaha Palm Springs Redmond Bend Rome Fiumicino Santa Barbara Zurich 222 United ExpressAlbuquerque Austin Bakersfield Boise Bozeman Burbank Eugene Eureka Fresno Kansas City Medford Minneapolis St Paul Monterey North Bend Coos Bay Ontario Orange County Palm Springs Phoenix Sky Harbor Redding Redmond Bend Reno Tahoe Sacramento Salt Lake City San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara Spokane Tri Cities WA Tucson VancouverSeasonal Aspen Bishop Calgary Eagle Vail Glacier Park Kalispell Hayden Steamboat Springs Jackson Hole Missoula Montrose Omaha Sun Valley 222 Vietnam AirlinesHo Chi Minh City 223 Virgin AtlanticLondon Heathrow 224 WestJetCalgary Seasonal Edmonton begins June 20 2024 225 Vancouver 226 Zipair TokyoTokyo Narita 227 Cargo edit AirlinesDestinationsABX Air 228 Cincinnati Los AngelesAmazon AirCincinnati Fort Worth AllianceAsiana Cargo 229 Seoul IncheonChina Airlines Cargo 230 Anchorage Taipei TaoyuanDHL AviationCincinnati Los Angeles Seattle TacomaEVA Air CargoTaipei TaoyuanFedEx ExpressFort Worth Alliance MemphisKalitta AirLos Angeles Seoul IncheonKorean Air Cargo 231 Los Angeles Seoul IncheonNippon Cargo Airlines 232 Los Angeles Tokyo NaritaUnited AirlinesGuamStatistics edit nbsp San Francisco International Airport passenger destinationsTop destinations edit Busiest domestic routes from SFO November 2022 October 2023 233 Rank City Passengers Carriers1 Los Angeles California 1 317 000 Alaska American Delta JetBlue Southwest United2 New York JFK New York 993 000 Alaska American Delta JetBlue United3 Newark New Jersey 879 000 Alaska United4 Chicago O Hare Illinois 877 000 Alaska American United5 Denver Colorado 846 000 Frontier Southwest United6 Seattle Tacoma Washington 788 000 Alaska Delta United7 Las Vegas Nevada 765 000 Alaska Frontier Southwest United8 Boston Massachusetts 673 000 Alaska Delta JetBlue United9 Honolulu Hawaii 603 000 Alaska Hawaiian Sun Country United10 San Diego California 595 000 Alaska Southwest UnitedBusiest international routes from SFO July 2022 June 2023 234 Rank Airport Passengers Carriers1 nbsp London Heathrow United Kingdom 991 549 British Airways United Airlines Virgin Atlantic2 nbsp Taipei Taiwan 795 508 China Airlines EVA Air United Airlines3 nbsp Vancouver Canada 772 731 Air Canada Flair Airlines United Airlines WestJet4 nbsp Seoul Incheon South Korea 629 350 Asiana Airlines Korean Air United Airlines5 nbsp Frankfurt Germany 605 269 Condor Lufthansa United Airlines6 nbsp Singapore Singapore 519 656 Singapore Airlines United Airlines7 nbsp Toronto Canada 506 027 Air Canada United Airlines8 nbsp Paris Charles de Gaulle France 453 503 Air France United Airlines9 nbsp Mexico City Mexico 450 180 Aeromexico United Airlines10 nbsp Tokyo Narita Japan 422 351 All Nippon Airways Japan Airlines United Airlines Zipair TokyoAirline market share edit Largest airlines at SFO July 2022 June 2023 235 Rank Airline Passengers Share1 United Airlines 21 904 971 47 2 Alaska Airlines 5 766 742 12 3 Delta Air Lines 3 709 612 8 4 American Airlines 2 961 675 6 5 Southwest Airlines 1 997 378 4 Traffic numbers edit Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org Annual passenger traffic at SFO airport See Wikidata query Traffic by calendar year 1 Year Rank Enplaned anddeplaned passengers Change Aircraft movements Cargo tonnes 1998 40 101 387 432 046 598 5791999 40 387 538 nbsp 0 7 438 685 655 4092000 9 41 048 996 nbsp 1 8 429 222 695 2582001 14 34 632 474 nbsp 15 6 387 594 517 1242002 19 31 450 168 nbsp 9 2 351 453 506 0832003 22 29 313 271 nbsp 6 8 334 515 483 4132004 21 32 744 186 nbsp 8 8 353 231 489 7762005 23 33 394 225 nbsp 2 0 352 871 520 3862006 26 33 581 412 nbsp 0 5 359 201 529 3032007 23 35 790 746 nbsp 6 6 379 500 503 8992008 21 37 402 541 nbsp 4 5 387 710 429 9122009 20 37 453 634 nbsp 0 1 379 751 356 2662010 23 39 391 234 nbsp 5 2 387 248 384 1792011 22 41 045 431 nbsp 4 2 403 564 340 7662012 22 44 477 209 nbsp 8 4 424 566 337 3572013 22 44 944 201 nbsp 1 2 421 400 325 7822014 21 47 074 162 nbsp 4 9 431 633 349 5852015 15 50 067 094 nbsp 6 2 429 815 389 9342016 23 53 106 505 nbsp 6 1 450 388 420 0862017 24 55 832 518 nbsp 5 1 460 343 491 1622018 25 57 793 313 nbsp 3 5 470 164 500 0812019 24 57 488 023 nbsp 0 5 458 496 546 4372020 N A 16 427 801 nbsp 71 4 231 163 439 3582021 N A 24 343 627 nbsp 48 2 265 597 528 7922022 N A 42 281 641 nbsp 73 7 355 006 491 1922023 N A 50 196 094 nbsp 18 7 384 871 484 100Ground transportation editTransit edit nbsp BART train at SFO station in 2020The AirTrain is a landside people mover system that connects the terminals the two international terminal garages the BART station the Grand Hyatt hotel the airport s Rental Car Center and the Long Term Parking garage The AirTrain is fully automated and free to ride 236 237 Bay Area Rapid Transit BART serves the airport at San Francisco International Airport station located west of the International Terminal During BART s full five line service the airport is directly connected to downtown San Francisco and Oakland Berkeley Richmond Walnut Creek and Pittsburg with no need to transfer The BART system also enables SFO passengers to ride to and from Oakland International Airport with two transfers a San Mateo County s transit agency SamTrans serves the airport with several routes Buses stop at the arrivals baggage claim level of the domestic terminals and in courtyard A or G in the International Terminal BART trains and SamTrans buses also connect San Francisco International Airport to Caltrain with a transfer at Millbrae station Millbrae will also be the connection between SFO and California High Speed Rail the station will be renamed to Millbrae SFO station on the High Speed Rail line to coincide with the dual functionality of the station 238 Prior to the COVID 19 pandemic the airport provided free shuttle bus service to and from the South San Francisco Ferry Terminal connecting with San Francisco Bay Ferry services from Alameda and Oakland 239 Numerous door to door shared ride van and hotel courtesy shuttles stop at the center transportation island on the departure level while Marin Airporter buses and limousines are on the arrivals baggage claim level of the airport Charter services are also available in the courtyards Car edit nbsp Bird s eye view of the airport A spaghetti junction connects the passenger terminal roads to US Route 101 The airport is located on U S Route 101 13 miles 21 km south of downtown San Francisco It is near the US 101 interchange with Interstate 380 a short freeway that connects US 101 with Interstate 280 Short term parking is located in the central terminal area and two international terminal garages Long term parking is located on South Airport Blvd and San Bruno Ave 240 Passengers can also park long term at a select number of BART stations that have parking lots with a permit purchased online in advance 241 Taxi edit Taxis depart from designated taxi zones located at the roadway center islands on the Arrivals Baggage Claim Level of all terminals 242 Ride app services such as Uber and Lyft are available via their respective mobile app The designated ride app pickup area for domestic terminals is on the fifth floor of the adjacent garage The designated pickup area for the International Terminal is on the Departures Check In Level roadway center island Other facilities editSFO is home to one of the largest single aircraft maintenance bases in the world with complete MRO base operations maintenance repair overhaul painting welding machine shop tool and die parts manufacturing fabrication engineering and retrofitting Boeing and Airbus certified among others It serves as the principal Global MRO Base for United Airlines and serves over 40 other airlines military customers and aircraft lease operators 243 244 245 246 The eastern side of the airfield is dominated by the Superbay a 420 550 square foot 39 070 m2 maintenance hangar capable of holding four 747s Originally constructed in the 1970s the facility is shared by United Airlines and American Airlines 247 Nippon Cargo Airlines has its San Francisco branch on the airport property 248 Prior to its merger that formed AirWest Pacific Air Lines had its corporate headquarters on the grounds of the airport 249 Hughes Airwest the successor to Air West also had its headquarters on the grounds of the airport 250 The United States Coast Guard operates Coast Guard Air Station San Francisco with its ramp and buildings near the cargo terminal operating six MH 65 Dolphin helicopters Wag Brigade edit On December 3 2013 SFO launched a Wag Brigade program to bring a pack of trained therapy dogs to the terminals to calm nervous fliers and make passenger travel more enjoyable In 2016 Lilou a Juliana breed therapy pig joined the Wag Brigade Carefully selected for their temperament and airport suitability the comfort canines wear vests that read Pet Me which identify them 251 Accidents and incidents editOn February 9 1937 a United Airlines Douglas DC 3A 197 252 transport liner circled the airport then crashed into the bay killing 11 people 253 On September 12 1951 United Airlines Flight 7030 254 plunged into the bay during a training exercise killing all three crew members On April 20 1953 Western Airlines Flight 366 a Douglas DC 6 on a scheduled evening crossbay flight to Oakland International Airport crashed three minutes after departing SFO into San Francisco Bay There were eight fatalities 4 crew 4 passengers of the 10 occupants on board 255 On October 29 1953 British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines flight 304 256 a Douglas DC 6 en route from Sydney Australia with fuel stops in Auckland New Zealand Fiji and Honolulu crashed on approach to SFO into Kings Mountain in San Mateo County All 19 passengers and crew members died On February 20 1959 a Pan American DC 7C 257 crashed and burned on the runway The three crew members on board survived On February 3 1963 Slick Airways Flight 40 258 crashed and burned after striking approach lights on runway 28R killing the four people on board On December 24 1964 Flying Tiger Line Flight 282 a Lockheed Constellation cargo aircraft departing for New York City crashed in the hills west of the airport killing all three crew members on board 259 On June 28 1965 Pan Am Flight 843 a Boeing 707 had just departed for Honolulu Hawaii when its 4 engine exploded causing part of the wing and the engine itself to break off and fall into the streets below The crew was able to extinguish the ensuing fire and land safely at the nearby Travis Air Force Base nbsp JAL002 ditched in shallow water short of SFOOn November 22 1968 Japan Air Lines Flight 2 a DC 8 62 named the Shiga registered as JA8032 operating Japan Airlines crash landed on final approach at 9 30 a m on a shallow submerged reef at the eastern tip of Coyote Point three miles short of the runway southeast of the airport The plane was on a trip from Tokyo to San Francisco after making a stop in Honolulu The pilot was experienced but misread the instruments on the DC 8 which was less than a year old There were 107 people on the plane There were no deaths or serious injuries The plane was salvaged by Bigge Drayage Company soon after the crash All luggage and fuel were removed to cut the weight and the plane was lifted onto a barge and taken to the airport for repairs The cost of repairs was 4 million and the plane re entered service the following April The aircraft flew for Japan Air Lines until 1983 and then several air freight companies for 18 years until it was scrapped in December 2001 260 On July 30 1971 Pan Am Flight 845 a Boeing 747 registration N747PA name Clipper America struck navigational aids at the end of runway 1R on takeoff for Tokyo The aircraft s landing gear and other systems were damaged Two passengers were seriously injured by metal components of the runway approach light pier entering the cabin The flight proceeded out over the Pacific Ocean to dump fuel to reduce weight for an emergency landing Emergency services were deployed at the airport and the plane returned and landed on runway 28R During landing the aircraft veered off the runway There was no fire After coming to a stop the aircraft slowly tilted aft coming to rest on its tail in a nose high attitude The forward evacuation slides were therefore in a nearly vertical position Evacuation using these slides caused all of additional injuries some severe There were no fatalities among the 218 passengers and crew members aboard An investigation determined that the cause of the accident was erroneous information from the flight dispatcher to the crew members regarding weight and runway length 261 On July 5 1972 Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 710 a Boeing 737 200 was hijacked by two Bulgarian immigrants demanding 800 000 and to be taken to the Soviet Union After flying for an hour and landing back at SFO the plane was stormed by four FBI agents Both hijackers were killed along with one passenger Two other passengers were injured 262 On September 13 1972 TWA Flight 604 263 a Boeing 707 331C cargo plane crashed into the bay on takeoff All three crew members survived On October 8 1984 a Clay Lacy Aviation Learjet 24 crashed shortly after takeoff after descending in a steep left wing low nose attitude after entering a broken cloud at 600 feet All three occupants two crew and one occupant were killed 264 On February 19 1985 China Airlines Flight 006 made an emergency landing at the airport after a fatigued crew mishandled a single engine flameout eventually leading to a stall and catastrophic dive that nearly led the Boeing 747SP to hit the ocean On June 28 1998 United Airlines Flight 863 was forced to shut down an engine just after takeoff and then nearly collided with San Bruno Mountain due to improper flight procedure The aircraft returned safely to the airport In response United instituted new training procedures for its flight crews In the September 11 attacks in 2001 United Airlines Flight 93 was destined for San Francisco It was hijacked by four al Qaeda terrorists and diverted towards Washington D C with the intent of crashing the plane into either The Capitol or the White House After learning of the previous attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon the passengers attempted to regain control of the plane The hijackers subsequently crashed the plane into a field in Somerset County Pennsylvania killing everyone on board On May 26 2007 an arriving SkyWest Airlines Embraer EMB 120 nearly collided with a Republic Airline Embraer 170 Regional Jet at the junction of Runways 01L and 28R After the SkyWest EMB 120 passed the Runway 28R threshold the Republic E 170 was cleared for takeoff on 01L in contradiction to local and FAA orders requiring the arriving aircraft to pass the intersection before clearing departing aircraft on the intersecting runway 265 266 On June 28 2008 an ABX Air Boeing 767 preparing to depart with cargo caught fire and was seriously damaged The pilots escaped uninjured Although the airline had received a threat the week before investigations revealed no evidence of any malicious device on board eventually concluding the fire was caused by an electrical system malfunction 267 268 On September 22 2012 a PrimeFlight catering truck accidentally drove into the wing of a parked NetJets Gulfstream V The wing sliced into the cab of the truck killing the 60 year old driver 269 nbsp The wreckage of Asiana Airlines Flight 214 after it crashed while landing on July 6 2013On July 6 2013 Asiana Airlines Flight 214 a Boeing 777 200ER registered HL7742 crashed while landing The crash occurred due to a combination of mistakes made by the aircraft s flight crew The flight crew had selected an incorrect autopilot mode when attempting to descend followed by placing the thrust levers into idle which disabled the autopilot from maintaining speed as the aircraft approached the seawall Upon descending below the desired flight path the flight crew should have determined that their speed was too low and attempted a go around and re attempt to land However this decision was not made until the altitude was less than 100 feet 30 m by which point the aircraft could not accomplish a go around The tail section of the aircraft struck the seawall at the end of the runway and became detached from the airframe the plane ended up 2 000 feet 610 m down the runway Passengers and crew members evacuated before a fire due to the ignition of engine lubricant destroyed the aircraft There were three fatalities making this the first fatal Boeing 777 crash 270 271 On July 7 2017 Air Canada Flight 759 an Airbus A320 200 from Toronto Pearson was instructed by air traffic control to go around after overflying Taxiway C for 0 25 miles 400 m while on visual approach for 28R The A320 overflew the first two aircraft lined up on Taxiway C by roughly 100 feet 30 m The pilots landed the aircraft afterward without incident A total of three wide body aircraft and one narrow body aircraft were lined up awaiting takeoff on Taxiway C The NTSB launched an investigation into the incident 272 273 publishing the final report in September 2018 274 On October 22 2017 Air Canada Flight 781 another Airbus A320 200 from Montreal landed on Runway 28R after being instructed by the ATC six times to go around without any response from the pilots Upon landing the crew reported they had radio problems in the cockpit but a later FAA investigation found that the crew inadvertently switched from the SFO tower frequency to the SFO ground frequency after receiving their landing clearance 275 See also editCalifornia World War II Army Airfields List of airports in California Transportation in the San Francisco Bay AreaPortals nbsp San Francisco Bay Area nbsp AviationNotes edit Passengers will need to transfer to a 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