An architectural design competition is a type of design competition in which an organization that intends on constructing a new building invites architects to submit design proposals. The winning design is usually chosen by an independent panel of design professionals and stakeholders (such as government and local representatives). This procedure is often used to generate new ideas for building design, to stimulate public debate, generate publicity for the project, and allow emerging designers the opportunity to gain exposure. Architecture competitions are often used to award commissions for public buildings: in some countries rules for tendering public building contracts stipulate some form of mandatory open architectural competition.[1]
Winning first prize in a competition is not a guarantee that the project will be constructed. The commissioning body often has the right to veto the winning design, and both requirements and finances may change, thwarting the original intention. The 2002 World Trade Center site design competition is an example of a highly publicized competition where only the basic elements of the winning design by Daniel Libeskind appeared in the finished project.
Architecture competitions have a more than 2,500-year-old history. The Acropolis in Athens was a result of an architectural competition in 448 B.C., as were several cathedrals in the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, many projects initiated by the Church have been decided through design competition. Examples are the Spanish Steps in Rome or in 1419, a competition was held to design the dome of the Florence Cathedral, which was won by Filippo Brunelleschi. Open competitions were held in the late 18th century in several countries including the United States, Great Britain, Ireland, France and Sweden.[2]
In 19th century England and Ireland there have been over 2,500 competitions in five decades, with 362 in London alone. The Royal Institute of British Architects drafted a first set of rules in 1839 and a set of formal regulations in 1872. The German Regulations were introduced in 1867. In the same period in the Netherlands, an association for the advancement of architecture (Maatschappij tot Bevordering van de Bouwkunst), started organising conceptual competitions with the aim of stimulating architects' creativity.[3]
There are a variety of competition types resulting from the combination of following options:[4]
Open competitions (international, national or regional) or limited, selected, non-open competitions, depending on who is allowed to participate.
Project competitions or ideas competitions: depending on the intention of building the project or generating new ideas.
Single-stage or two-stage competitions: depending on the scale and complexity of the competition.
Anonymous or cooperative procedures: anonymity supports greater objectivity during the evaluation and award-granting deliberations. In cooperative procedures, the authors are invited to make in-person presentations to the jury in order to explain their design strategies and allow individual discussion.
The rules of each competition are defined by the organiser; however, these often follow the guidelines provided by the International Union of Architects,[5] respectively the relevant national or regional architecture organisation. Competition guidelines define roles, responsibilities, processes, and procedures within a competition[6] and provide guidance on possible competition types, eligibility criteria, jury composition, participation conditions, payments, prizes, publication of results and other aspects.[7][8]
In France and Germany design competitions are compulsory for all public buildings exceeding a certain cost.[1][9]
Major international architectural design competitionsEdit
Most significant among architectural competitions are the ones which are internationally open, attract a large number of design submissions, and the winning design is built.
^(PDF). Australian Institute of Architects. October 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
^UIA competition guide 14 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2009-10-10
^Canadian competition rules 9 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2009-10-10
^Finnish competition rules 13 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2009-10-10
^Indian competition guidelines 12 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2009-10-10
^German competition guidelines 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2015-09-24
Further readingEdit
Andersson E., Bloxham Zettersten, G. und Rönn, M., (eds) Architectural Competitions - Histories and Practice. Stockholm: The Royal Institute of Technology and Rio Kulturkooperativ, 2013. ISBN978-91-85249-16-9
DCC Directory of Architecture and Design Competitions, Awards, Associations and Design Residencies.[1], list of 1500 architecture and design competitions
CABE: Making Competitions Work
, the Royal Institute of British Architects dedicated RIBA Competitions unit
Wettbewerbe Aktuell, a German journal specialized in architectural competitions
[2] The Competition Project, Inc., a world-wide resource on competitions since 1990 with the periodical publication, COMPETITIONS (1991-2010) and COMPETITIONS Annual (2010-)
October 15, 2023
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An architectural design competition is a type of design competition in which an organization that intends on constructing a new building invites architects to submit design proposals The winning design is usually chosen by an independent panel of design professionals and stakeholders such as government and local representatives This procedure is often used to generate new ideas for building design to stimulate public debate generate publicity for the project and allow emerging designers the opportunity to gain exposure Architecture competitions are often used to award commissions for public buildings in some countries rules for tendering public building contracts stipulate some form of mandatory open architectural competition 1 Winning first prize in a competition is not a guarantee that the project will be constructed The commissioning body often has the right to veto the winning design and both requirements and finances may change thwarting the original intention The 2002 World Trade Center site design competition is an example of a highly publicized competition where only the basic elements of the winning design by Daniel Libeskind appeared in the finished project Contents 1 History 2 Competition types 3 Rules and guidelines 4 Major international architectural design competitions 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditArchitecture competitions have a more than 2 500 year old history The Acropolis in Athens was a result of an architectural competition in 448 B C as were several cathedrals in the Middle Ages During the Renaissance many projects initiated by the Church have been decided through design competition Examples are the Spanish Steps in Rome or in 1419 a competition was held to design the dome of the Florence Cathedral which was won by Filippo Brunelleschi Open competitions were held in the late 18th century in several countries including the United States Great Britain Ireland France and Sweden 2 In 19th century England and Ireland there have been over 2 500 competitions in five decades with 362 in London alone The Royal Institute of British Architects drafted a first set of rules in 1839 and a set of formal regulations in 1872 The German Regulations were introduced in 1867 In the same period in the Netherlands an association for the advancement of architecture Maatschappij tot Bevordering van de Bouwkunst started organising conceptual competitions with the aim of stimulating architects creativity 3 Competition for the design of the Peace Palace in The Hague 1905 nbsp Competition entry by Otto Wagner nbsp Entry by Franz Heinrich Schwechten nbsp Entry by Hendrik Petrus Berlage nbsp Building by competition winner Louis M CordonnierCompetition types EditThere are a variety of competition types resulting from the combination of following options 4 Open competitions international national or regional or limited selected non open competitions depending on who is allowed to participate Project competitions or ideas competitions depending on the intention of building the project or generating new ideas Single stage or two stage competitions depending on the scale and complexity of the competition Anonymous or cooperative procedures anonymity supports greater objectivity during the evaluation and award granting deliberations In cooperative procedures the authors are invited to make in person presentations to the jury in order to explain their design strategies and allow individual discussion Student design competitions Rules and guidelines EditThe rules of each competition are defined by the organiser however these often follow the guidelines provided by the International Union of Architects 5 respectively the relevant national or regional architecture organisation Competition guidelines define roles responsibilities processes and procedures within a competition 6 and provide guidance on possible competition types eligibility criteria jury composition participation conditions payments prizes publication of results and other aspects 7 8 In France and Germany design competitions are compulsory for all public buildings exceeding a certain cost 1 9 Major international architectural design competitions EditSee also List of Architectural design competitions This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed August 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message Most significant among architectural competitions are the ones which are internationally open attract a large number of design submissions and the winning design is built Competition Name Location Year Winner s Design entriesWhite House nbsp Washington D C 1792 James Hoban 9Walhalla memorial nbsp Donaustauf 1816 Leo von KlenzeHouses of Parliament nbsp London 1835 Charles Barry 98Vienna Ring Road nbsp Vienna 1858 Ludwig Forster Friedrich August von Stache Eduard van der Null and August Sicard von Sicardsburg 85Hofoper nbsp Vienna 1860 Eduard van der Null and August Sicard von SicardsburgParis Opera nbsp Paris 1860 Charles Garnier 171Rijksmuseum nbsp Amsterdam 1863 P J H CuypersLaw Courts nbsp London 1866 George Edmund Street 11Reichstag nbsp Berlin 1872 Paul WallotBeurs nbsp Amsterdam 1884 Hendrik Petrus BerlageWorld Exhibition tower nbsp Paris 1889 Gustave EiffelAustrian Postal Savings Bank nbsp Vienna 1903 Otto WagnerStockholm City Hall nbsp Stockholm 1903 Ragnar OstbergHelsinki Central railway station nbsp Helsinki 1903 Eliel Saarinen 21Peace Palace nbsp The Hague 1905 Louis Marie Cordonnier and J A G van der SteurTribune Tower nbsp Chicago 1922 John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood 260League of Nations Building nbsp Geneva 1926 Henri Paul Nenot amp Julien Flegenheimer Carlo Broggi Camille Lefevre Giuseppe Vago 377Lenin Library nbsp Moscow 1928 Vladimir ShchukoANZAC War Memorial nbsp Sydney 1929 Charles Bruce Dellit 117Termini Station nbsp Rome 1947 Leo Calini Eugenio Montuori Massimo Castellazzi Vasco Fadigati Achille Pintonello and Annibale VitellozziTown Hall and Church nbsp Seinajoki 1950 Alvar AaltoSydney Opera House nbsp Sydney 1955 Jorn Utzon 233Toronto City Hall nbsp Toronto 1956 Viljo Revell 500Amsterdam City Hall nbsp Amsterdam 1967 Wilhelm Holzbauer Cees Dam B Bijvoet and G H M Holt 804Supreme Court nbsp Tokyo 1968 Shin ichi Okada 217Centre Georges Pompidou nbsp Paris 1971 Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers 681San Cataldo Cemetery nbsp Modena 1971 Aldo Rossi and Gianni BraghieriHong Kong and Shanghai Bank nbsp Hong Kong 1979 Foster AssociatesParliament House of Australia nbsp Canberra 1979 Romaldo Giurgola 329Cite des Sciences et de l Industrie nbsp Paris 1980 Adrien Fainsilber and Sylvain MercierLa Grande Arche de la Defense nbsp Paris 1982 Johan Otto von Spreckelsen 420Parc de la Villette nbsp Paris 1982 Bernard Tschumi 471Opera Bastille nbsp Paris 1983 Carlos Ott 750Carre d Art nbsp Nimes 1984 Norman Foster 12Shonandai Cultural Centre nbsp Fujisawa 1985 Itsuko Hasegawa 215New National Theatre nbsp Tokyo 1984 Takahiko Yanagisawa and Tak Associates 228Tokyo International Forum nbsp Tokyo 1987 Rafael Vinoly 395Kansai Airport nbsp Osaka 1988 Renzo Piano Building Workshop 48Jewish Museum nbsp Berlin 1989 Daniel Libeskind 165Bibliotheca Alexandrina nbsp Alexandria 1989 Snohetta 523Bibliotheque Nationale de France nbsp Paris 1989 Dominique Perrault 244Centre for Japanese Culture nbsp Paris 1989 1990 Masayuki Yamanaka Kenneth Armstrong amp Jennifer Smith 453Guggenheim Museum Bilbao nbsp Bilbao 1991 Frank GehryKiasma Contemporary Art Museum nbsp Helsinki 1992 Steven Holl 516Austrian Cultural Forum nbsp New York 1992 Raimund Abraham 226Royal Danish Library nbsp Copenhagen 1993 Schmidt Hammer Lassen 179Osanbashi Yokohama International Passenger Terminal nbsp Yokohama 1995 Foreign Office Architects 660Felix Nussbaum Museum nbsp Osnabruck 1995 Daniel Libeskind 296Millennium Bridge nbsp London 1996 Norman Foster Sir Anthony Caro and Ove Arup 200Federation Square nbsp Melbourne 1997 Lab Architecture Studio 177GeoCenter Mons Klint nbsp Mon Island 2002 PLH Architects 292Philharmonie de Paris nbsp Paris 2011 Jean Nouvel 98See also EditArchitectural design values Student competition Student design competitionReferences Edit a b Jacques Cabanieu Competitions and Architectural Excellence in Places 9 2 MIT 1994 retrieved 2009 09 25 130 Years of Finnish architectural competitions retrieved 2009 09 23 De Jong Cees and Mattie Erik Architectural Competitions 1792 1949 Taschen 1997 ISBN 3 8228 8599 1 Guidelines for Architectural Design Competitions PDF Australian Institute of Architects October 2003 Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 12 September 2013 UIA competition guide Archived 14 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2009 10 10 Canadian competition rules Archived 9 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2009 10 10 Finnish competition rules Archived 13 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2009 10 10 Indian competition guidelines Archived 12 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2009 10 10 German competition guidelines Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2015 09 24Further reading EditAndersson E Bloxham Zettersten G und Ronn M eds Architectural Competitions Histories and Practice Stockholm The Royal Institute of Technology and Rio Kulturkooperativ 2013 ISBN 978 91 85249 16 9 Chupin Jean Pierre Carmela Cucuzzella and Bechara Helal eds Architecture Competitions and the Production of Culture Quality and Knowledge An International Inquiry Montreal Potential Architecture Books 2015 ISBN 978 0 9921317 0 8 Collyer G Stanley Competing Globally in Architecture Competitions Wiley Academy 2004 ISBN 0470 86 2130 De Jong Cees and Mattie Erik Architectural Competitions 1792 1949 Taschen 1997 ISBN 3 8228 8599 1External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Architectural competitions Architectural Competition Nordic Symposium Canadian Competitions Catalogue DesignCompetition com permanent dead link list of design competitions DCC Directory of Architecture and Design Competitions Awards Associations and Design Residencies 1 list of 1500 architecture and design competitions CABE Making Competitions Work RIBA Competitions the Royal Institute of British Architects dedicated RIBA Competitions unit Wettbewerbe Aktuell a German journal specialized in architectural competitions Handbook of Architectural Design Competitions American Institute of Architects AIA 2 The Competition Project Inc a world wide resource on competitions since 1990 with the periodical publication COMPETITIONS 1991 2010 and COMPETITIONS Annual 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Architectural design competition amp oldid 1174172988, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
