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Wikipedia

Japan Airlines

January 15, 2023

Not to be confused with Air Japan, the charter carrier.

Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. (日本航空株式会社, Nihon Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha, formerly Japan Air Lines), also known as JAL (Jaru) or Nikkō (日航), is an international airline and Japan's flag carrier and largest airline as of 2022, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport, as well as Osaka's Kansai International Airport and Itami Airport. JAL group companies include Japan Airlines, J-Air, Japan Air Commuter, Japan Transocean Air, and Ryukyu Air Commuter for domestic feeder services, and JAL Cargo for cargo and mail services.

Japan Airlines
日本航空株式会社
Nihon Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha
IATA ICAO Callsign
JL JAL JAPAN AIR[1]
Founded1 August 1951; 71 years ago (1951-08-01)
(as Japan Air Lines)
Commenced operations25 October 1951; 71 years ago (1951-10-25)
Hubs
Secondary hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer program
AllianceOneworld
Subsidiaries
Fleet size151
Destinations92
Parent company
5 controlling shareholders, mostly investment trust management banks[2]
Traded asTYO: 9201
TOPIX Large 70 component
HeadquartersShinagawa, Tokyo
Key people
Revenue JP¥1.411 trillion (2019)[5]
Operating income JP¥96.5 billion (2019)[5]
Net income JP¥57.4 billion (2019)[5]
Websitewww.jal.co.jp

JAL group operations include scheduled and non-scheduled international and domestic passenger and cargo services to 220 destinations in 35 countries worldwide, including codeshares. The group has a fleet of 279 aircraft. In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, the airline group carried over 52 million passengers and over 1.1 million tons of cargo and mail. Japan Airlines, J-Air, JAL Express, and Japan Transocean Air are members of the Oneworld airline alliance network.

JAL was established in 1951 as a government-owned business and became the national airline of Japan in 1953.[6] After over three decades of service and expansion, the airline was fully privatised in 1987. In 2002, the airline merged with Japan Air System (JAS), Japan's third-largest airline, and became the sixth-largest airline in the world by passengers carried. Japan Airlines is currently an official sponsor of Japan Football Association, Japan national football team, Shimizu S-Pulse, and Consadole Sapporo. All Nippon Airways, the largest airline in Japan,[contradictory] is JAL's main competitor.

History

Regulated era

Founding

 
JAL Stewardesses in front of Douglas DC-3 on August 27, 1951
 
Japan Airlines flight attendants in front of Martin 2-0-2 Mokusei (もく星) on the occasion of the airline's inaugural flight, 25 October 1951
 
A Japan Airlines Douglas DC-6A (named City of Nara) at San Francisco International Airport in March 1954

Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. was established on 1 August 1951, with the government of Japan recognising the need for a reliable air transportation system to help Japan grow in the aftermath of the World War II. The airline was founded with an initial capital of ¥100 million; its headquarters were located in Ginza, Chūō, Tokyo. Between 27 and 29 August, the airline operated invitational flights on a Douglas DC-3 Kinsei, leased from Philippine Airlines. On 25 October, Japan's first postwar domestic airline service was inaugurated, using a Martin 2-0-2 aircraft, named Mokusei, and crew leased from Northwest Orient Airlines subsidiary TALOA.[7]

On 1 August 1953, the National Diet passed the Japan Airlines Company Act (日本航空株式会社法, Nihon Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha Hō) forming a new state-owned Japan Airlines on 1 October, which assumed all assets and liabilities of its private predecessor.[8][9][10][11] By 1953, the JAL network extended northward from Tokyo to Sapporo and Misawa, and westward to Nagoya, Osaka, Iwakuni, and Fukuoka.[12]

On 2 February 1954, the airline began international flights, carrying 18 passengers from Tokyo to San Francisco on a Douglas DC-6B City of Tokyo via Wake Island and Honolulu.[8][11][13][14] The flights between Tokyo and San Francisco are still Flights 1 and 2, to commemorate its first international service.[15] The early flights were advertised as being operated by American crews and serviced by United Airlines in San Francisco.[16]

The airline, in addition to the Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6B, and Martin 2-0-2s, operated Douglas DC-4s and Douglas DC-7Cs during the 1950s.[8] JAL flew to Hong Kong via Okinawa by 1955, having pared down its domestic network to Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and Sapporo.[17] By 1958, the Hong Kong route had been extended to Bangkok and Singapore.[18] With DC-7Cs, JAL was able to fly nonstop between Seattle and Tokyo in 1959.[19]

Jet era

 
JAL's first jet, the Douglas DC-8, named Yoshino, in 1960
 
A Tupolev Tu-114 in Aeroflot/JAL livery, used between Japan and Europe via Moscow

In 1960, the airline took delivery of its first jet, a Douglas DC-8 named Fuji, introducing jet service on the Tokyo-Honolulu-San Francisco route. JAL went on to operate a fleet of 51 DC-8s, retiring the last of the type in 1987. Fuji flew until 1974 and was then used as a maintenance training platform until 1989; its nose section was stored at Haneda Airport and eventually put on public display at the JAL Sky Museum in March 2014.[20]

JAL also began flying to Seattle and Hong Kong in 1960. At the end of 1961, JAL had transpolar flights from Tokyo to Seattle, Copenhagen, London, and Paris via Anchorage, Alaska, and to Los Angeles and San Francisco via Honolulu, Hawaii.[21]

Revenue Passenger-Kilometers, scheduled flights only, in millions
Year Traffic
1955 314
1960 873
1965 2938
1969 7485
1971 10427
1975 17547
1980 28876
1985 37299
1995 69775
2000 88999
Source: ICAO Digest of Statistics for 1955, IATA World Air Transport Statistics 1960–2000

During the 1960s, JAL flew to many new cities, including Moscow, New York, and Busan.[8][22][23] DC-8 flights to Europe via Anchorage started in 1961; flights to Europe via India started in 1962, initially with Convair 880s.

By 1965, Japan Airlines was headquartered in the Tokyo Building in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.[24] By this time, over half of JAL's revenue was generated on transpacific routes to the United States, and the airline was lobbying the United States for fifth freedom rights to fly transatlantic routes from the East Coast.[25] The transpacific route was extended east from San Francisco to New York in November 1966 and to London in 1967; flights between San Francisco and London ended in December 1972.

Between 1967 and 1969, JAL had an agreement with Aeroflot to operate a joint service between Tokyo and Moscow using a Soviet Tupolev Tu-114. The flight crew included one JAL member, and the cabin crew had five members each from Aeroflot and JAL. The weekly flight started in April 1967; in May, the schedule was 10 hr 35 min Moscow to Tokyo and 11 hr 25 min to return.[citation needed]

In 1972, under the 45/47 system (45/47体制, yongo-yonnana taisei), the so-called "aviation constitution" enacted by the Japanese government, JAL was granted flag carrier status to operate international routes. The airline was also designated to operate domestic trunk routes in competition with All Nippon Airways and Toa Domestic Airlines.[23]

The signing of a civil air transport agreement between China and Japan on 20 April 1974 caused the suspension of air routes between Taiwan and Japan on 21 April. A new subsidiary, Japan Asia Airways, was established on 8 August 1975, and air services between the two countries were restored on 15 September. During the 1970s, the airline bought the Boeing 727, Boeing 747, and McDonnell Douglas DC-10 for its growing routes within Japan and to other countries.[22][26]

 
Former Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita deplanes from a JAL McDonnell Douglas DC-10 while on a state visit to the United States in 1989.

In the 1980s the airline performed special flights for the Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko of Japan, Pope John Paul II and for Japanese prime ministers, until the introduction of the dedicated government aircraft using two Boeing 747-400, operated as Japanese Air Force One and Japanese Air Force Two. During that decade, the airline introduced new Boeing 747-100SR, Boeing 747-SUD, and Boeing 767 jets to the fleet and retired the Boeing 727s and Douglas DC-8s.[27]

In 1978, JAL started flights to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro via Anchorage and San Juan;[28] the stopover was changed to Los Angeles in 1982 and to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport in 1999.[29] Until 2009, the airline operated fifth-freedom flights between New York and São Paulo and between Vancouver and Mexico City.[30]

Deregulated era

Japan began considering airline deregulation in the late 1970s, with the government announcing the abandoning of the 45/47 system in 1985.[31] In 1987, Japan Airlines was completely privatised, and the other two airlines in Japan, All Nippon Airways and Japan Air System, were permitted to compete with JAL on domestic and international routes. The increased competition resulted in changes to the airline's corporate structure, and it was reorganized into three divisions: international passenger service, domestic passenger service, and cargo (including mail) service.[23][27]

 
JAL McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1989 to 2002 livery

Japan Airlines began the 1990s with flights to evacuate Japanese citizens from Iraq before the start of the Gulf War. In October 1990, Japan Air Charter was established,[27] and in September 1996, an agreement with the Walt Disney Company made Japan Airlines the official airline of Tokyo Disneyland. JAL Express was established in April 1997, with Boeing 737 aircraft.[32] In the 1990s, the airline encountered further economic difficulties stemming from recessions in the United States and the United Kingdom, plus a domestic downturn. Following years of profit since 1986, the airline began to post operating losses in 1992. Cost-cutting, including the formation of the low-cost JAL Express domestic subsidiary and the transfer of tourist operations to JALways (the successor to Japan Air Charter), helped return the airline to profitability in 1999.[23]

In 1997, the airline flew Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto to Peru to help negotiate in the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. Japan Airlines placed orders for Boeing 777s during the 1990s, allowing for fleet renewal. It was one of eight airlines participating in the Boeing 777 design process, shaping the design to their specifications.[33]

Modern era

 
A Japan Air System (JAS) Airbus A300-600R with JAL logo on the fuselage

In 2001, Japan Air System and Japan Airlines agreed to merge; and on 2 October 2002, they established a new holding company called Japan Airlines System (日本航空システム, Nihon Kōkū Shisutemu), forming a new core of the JAL Group. Aircraft liveries were changed to match the design of the new JAL Group. At that time, the merged group of airlines was the sixth largest in the world by passengers carried.[34]

On 1 April 2004, JAL changed its name to Japan Airlines International and JAS changed its name to Japan Airlines Domestic. JAS flight codes were changed to JAL flight codes, JAS check-in desks were refitted in JAL livery, and JAS aircraft were gradually repainted. On 26 June 2004, the parent company Japan Airlines System was renamed to Japan Airlines Corporation.[35][36]

Following the merger, two companies operated under the JAL brand: Japan Airlines International (日本航空インターナショナル, Nihon Kōkū Intānashonaru) and Japan Airlines Domestic (日本航空ジャパン, Nihon Kōkū Japan). Japan Airlines Domestic had primary responsibility for JAL's large network of intra-Japan flights, while JAL International operated both international and trunk domestic flights. On 1 October 2006, Japan Airlines International and Japan Airlines Domestic merged into a single brand, Japan Airlines International.[35][37]

The airline applied to join Oneworld on 25 October 2005. Japan Airlines claimed that its Oneworld membership would be in the best interests of the airline's plans to further develop the airline group and its strong commitment to providing the very best to its customers.[38] Japan Airlines, together with Malév and Royal Jordanian, joined the alliance on 1 April 2007.[39]

On 1 April 2008, JAL merged the operations of its subsidiary Japan Asia Airways (JAA) into JAL mainline operations. JAA had operated all JAL group flights between Japan and Taiwan between 1975 and 2008 as a separate entity due to the special political status of Taiwan.[40]

 
JAL Boeing 737-800 short-haul airliner
 
Japan Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11

In 2009, Japan Airlines suffered steep financial losses, despite remaining Asia's largest airline by revenue.[41] As a result, the airline embarked on staff cuts and route cutbacks in an effort to reduce costs.[41][42] The carrier also received ¥100 billion through capital injection and credit from the Japanese government as part of the proposed bankruptcy.[43] In September 2009, Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism formed a task force aimed at aiding a corporate turnaround at JAL, which examined various cost-cutting and strategic partnership proposals.[44]

One proposal considered was to merge JAL with All Nippon Airways (ANA), which would create a single larger international airline and replace Japan Airlines International; however, media reports suggested that this proposal would be opposed by ANA given its comparatively better financial performance as an independent carrier.[44] The task force also examined possible partnerships with foreign carriers.[44]

After weeks of speculation, JAL applied for protection under the Corporate Rehabilitation Law (the Japanese equivalent of Administration in the United Kingdom or a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in the United States) on 19 January 2010. JAL would receive a ¥300 billion cash injection and have debts worth ¥730 billion waived, in exchange for which it will cut its capital to zero, cut unprofitable routes and reduce its workforce by 15,700 employees—a third of its 47,000 total.[43] JAL's main creditors (Mizuho Corporate Bank, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) originally objected to the bankruptcy declaration, but changed their positions after the Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan recommended court protection, according to a senior bank official.[45][46] Shares of JAL were delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on 20 February 2010.[47][48] At a time, its stock was considered one of "bluest of blue chips" of Japan.[43] At the time, the bankruptcy was the largest Japanese bankruptcy involving a non-financial company and the fourth largest in Japan's history.[43]

Kazuo Inamori, founder of Kyocera and KDDI, took over as CEO of JAL. Transport minister Seiji Maehara personally visited Kyocera headquarters in late 2009 to persuade Inamori to accept the position; task force leader Shinjiro Takagi believed that appointing a proven entrepreneur CEO was necessary to fix the various problems at JAL.[49] Japan Air Commuter president Masaru Onishi was promoted to president of JAL.[50]

In May, JAL began to see an increase in its passenger numbers by 1.1% year-on-year.[51] In August, it was reported that JAL would cut 19,133 jobs from its workforce of 47,000 by the end of March 2015 – whilst also increasing capacity – in an attempt to make the business viable.[52]

 
JAL Boeing 777-300 (JA8941) with special Oneworld livery

Although JAL ultimately exited bankruptcy while remaining in the Oneworld alliance, JAL was seriously considering accepting a strategic investment from Delta Air Lines and joining the SkyTeam alliance during the period between September 2009 and February 2010.[53] JAL also had talks with Skyteam members Air France-KLM and Korean Air regarding their potential involvement.[41][54]

The Delta deal was favored by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism because Delta had an extensive global network and had the largest Japanese operation of any foreign airline, which it had inherited through its merger with Northwest Airlines.[55] MLITT also supported a transaction with Air France-KLM because it was a "healthier company" than American.[56]

American planned to team up with Oneworld alliance members British Airways and Qantas to make a joint offer to recapitalise JAL.[57] British Airways said that it was attempting to persuade JAL to remain part of Oneworld rather than aligning itself with Delta and SkyTeam,[58] while American CEO Gerard Arpey said that American and Oneworld remained committed to a partnership with Japan Airlines, as long as it remained a major international carrier,[59] and reiterated his encouragement for JAL to stay with Oneworld during ceremonies to welcome Mexicana into the alliance.[60]

In an interview with the Asahi Shimbun on 1 January 2010, JAL president Haruka Nishimatsu stated his preference in forming a partnership with Delta over American,[61] and the Yomiuri Shimbun reported shortly thereafter that JAL and the Japanese government-backed Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation would likely choose to form a business and capital tie-up with Delta, as part of which JAL would enter SkyTeam and reduce its international flight operations in favor of code-share agreements with Delta, and that American Airlines had begun procedures to end negotiations with JAL.[62] Both JAL and American denied the report.[63][64] The Wall Street Journal then reported that American Airlines raised its JAL investment offer by $300 million, to $1.4 billion, and in separate comments to the press, Delta president Ed Bastian said that Delta was "willing and able to raise additional capital through third-party resources."[65]

 
JAL was one of the largest Boeing 747-400 operators (the other being British Airways and Singapore Airlines). The last 747 was retired in early 2011 as part of its restructuring program, ending 41 years of 747 service.

After JAL filed for bankruptcy, there were further media reports that JAL would leave Oneworld in favor of SkyTeam,[66] but JAL president Masaru Onishi said on 1 February that the new JAL leadership was "seriously reviewing the issue from scratch, without being influenced by previous discussions," and its decision on an alliance partner would be made soon.[67]

On 7 February, several news outlets reported that JAL would decide to keep its alliance with American Airlines and end talks with Delta. Inamori and ETIC officials, according to the reports, decided that switching alliances from Oneworld to Skyteam would be too risky and could hinder JAL's ability to turn around quickly.[68] Two days later, JAL officially announced that it would strengthen its partnership with American, including a joint application for antitrust immunity on transpacific routes. The airline would also fortify its relationship with other partners in the Oneworld alliance.[69]

JAL emerged from bankruptcy protection in March 2011. In July, ETIC selected Nomura Holdings, Daiwa Securities, Mitsubishi UFJ, Morgan Stanley, Mizuho Securities, SMBC, and Nikko Securities to underwrite the sale of its equity stake in JAL, without specifying amounts or dates.[70] On 6 January 2012, JAL announced its intent to relist its shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in an initial public offering (IPO) of up to ¥1 trillion, which would be the largest offering in Japan in more than a year.[71] The airline completed its IPO on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TYO: 9201) on 19 September 2012. The Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan sold all its holdings (96.5%) in JAL for ¥650 billion, greater than its ¥350 billion investment in 2010. Though it was oversubscribed several times, the post-IPO increase of the stock was close to 1%.[citation needed]

Following its exit from bankruptcy protection, JAL began several new partnerships within the Oneworld alliance. The transpacific joint venture between JAL and American commenced in April 2011.[72] JAL formed Jetstar Japan, a low-cost carrier joint venture with Qantas subsidiary Jetstar Airways, in July.[73] In 2012, JAL and British Airways parent company International Airlines Group (IAG) submitted applications to the Japanese government and European Union respectively in seeking a joint venture business operation for flights between Japan and Europe.[74] Finnair applied to join the JV with IAG in July 2013, in conjunction with JAL starting new nonstop service to Helsinki.[75]

Japan Airlines incorporated numerous safety measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Japan Airlines undertakes JAL FlySafe hygiene measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, in order to provide all Japan Airlines guests with a safe and secure travel experience. Measures taken by Japan Airlines to protect guests and keep them safe from infection include face masks and face guards worn by airport staff, disinfecting areas around seats, including tables, armrests, screens, and controllers, and sanitizing frequently touched surfaces, such as lavatory doorknobs and faucet handles.[76]

On June 18, 2021, Japan airlines announced it had conducted the first flight with loading 2 different types of Sustainable Aviation Fuel produced domestically in Japan.[77] The flight was directed from Tokyo (Haneda) to Sapporo (Shin-Chitose) and used 3,132 liters (9.1% mixing ratio) of SAF sourced from wood chips and from microalgae.[78] It was the first flight in the world to use biofuel derived from gasified wood chips[79] and to mix two different types of biofuels.[78]

Senior management

  • Chairman: Yoshiharu Ueki (since April 2018)
  • President and CEO: Yuji Akasaka (since April 2018)

List of former chairmen

  1. Aiichirō Fujiyama (1951–1953)
  2. Kunizo Hara (1953–1960)
  3. Kōgorō Uemura (1960–1969)
  4. Teruo Godo (1969–1971)
  5. Shizuma Matsuo (1971–1972)
  6. Ataru Kobayashi (1973–1977)
  7. Kōgorō Uemura (1977–1978); second term
  8. Shozo Hotta (1979–1981)
  9. Shizuo Asada (1981–1983)
  10. Nihachiro Hanamura (1983–1986)
  11. Junji Itoh (1986–1988)
  12. Fumio Watanabe (1988–1991)
  13. Susumu Yamaji (1991–1998)
  14. Isao Kaneko (2003–2005)
  15. Toshiyuki Shinmachi (2006–2008)
  16. Kazuo Inamori (2010–2012)
  17. Masaru Onishi (2012–2018)

List of former presidents and CEOs

  1. Seijiro Yanagida (1951–1961)
  2. Shizuma Matsuo (1961–1971)
  3. Shizuo Asada (1971–1981)
  4. Yasumoto Tagaki (1981–1985)
  5. Susumu Yamaji (1985–1990)
  6. Matsuo Toshimitsu (1990–1995)
  7. Akira Kondo (1995–1998)
  8. Isao Kaneko (1998–2005)
  9. Toshiyuki Shinmachi (2005–2006)
  10. Haruka Nishimatsu (2006–2010)
  11. Masaru Onishi (2010–2012)
  12. Yoshiharu Ueki (2012–2018)

Corporate affairs and identity

Organization

 
Subsidiaries and affiliates of Japan Airlines[80]

In addition to its operations under the JAL name, the airline owns five domestic airlines which feed or supplement mainline JAL flights:[81]

Former subsidiaries:

  • JALways was the airline's international subsidiary, which handled low-yield flights to resort destinations in Hawaii, Oceania, and Southeast Asia.[81]
  • JAL Express (JEX) was the airline's low-cost carrier for jet services between secondary cities, it merged into Japan Airlines in 2014.
  • Japan Asia Airways (JAA) was the airline's subsidiary formed in 1975 to allow JAL to fly to the Republic of China (Taiwan) without compromising traffic rights held by the airline for destinations in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The mainland does not recognize Taiwan as a sovereign nation but instead as a breakaway province and threatened to ban any foreign airline that has a Taiwan route from flying to the mainland. Japan Asia Airways was dissolved in 2008 when JAL was privatized, allowing the airline to fly to Taiwan in its own right.

JALUX Inc., established in 1962, is the airline's procurement business which handles various work for the company, including the JAL SELECTION merchandise and in-flight meals and refreshments, supplies for Blue Sky and JAL-DFS shops, aircraft fuel components, cabin services, and in-flight duty-free. JALUX merged with JAS Trading on 1 January 2004, to unify support operations for the JAL group.[82][83][84]

JAL Cargo is the brand of the airline group's freight service and is a member of the WOW cargo alliance with these products: J Speed, General Cargo, and Dangerous Goods.[85] In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, the cargo division carried 500,779 tonnes of freight domestically and 627,213 tonnes of freight internationally.[86]

On 1 April 2011, the airline changed its trade name from Japan Airlines International Co., Ltd (株式会社日本航空インターナショナル, Kabushiki-gaisha Nihon Kōkū Intānashonaru) to Japan Airlines Co., Ltd (日本航空株式会社, Nihon Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha).[87][88] in the first quarter of 2019, JAL launches its low-cost carrier, ZIPAIR Tokyo, which will focus on medium to long-haul destinations. It is estimated to commence operation in summer 2020.

Headquarters

 
Japan Airlines headquarters in Shinagawa, Tokyo

The headquarters, the Nomura Fudosan Tennozu Building (野村不動産天王洲ビル, Nomura Fudōsan Tennōzu Biru), is located on Tennōzu Isle in Higashi Shinagawa, Shinagawa, Tokyo.[89][90] The 26-floor building was a project of the Kajima Corporation.[91] The building, which also has two underground levels, has a land area of 11,670.4 square metres (125,619 sq ft) and a floor area of 82,602.11 square metres (889,121.7 sq ft).[92]

Several divisions of JAL, including JALPAK,[93] JAL Aero-Consulting,[94] and JAL Hotels are located in the building.[95] The building also houses the Japan office of American Airlines.[96] It is also known as the JAL Building (ＪＡＬビルディング, JAL Birudingu), the Japan Airlines Headquarters, and the Shinagawa Kyodo Building.

When JAL was originally established in 1951, its headquarters were in Ginza, Chuo, Tokyo.[97] By 1965, Japan Airlines was headquartered in the Tokyo Building in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo.[24][98] The Yomiuri Shimbun stated that because Japan Airlines worked closely with the Japanese government, people mockingly referred to the Tokyo Building as "a branch office of the transport ministry."[99]

On 28 June 1996, construction was completed on the JAL Building. On 27 July 1996, JAL moved its headquarters into the JAL Building. The Flight Operation Center at the JAL Building began on 20 September 1996.[100] A holding company for JAL and Japan Airlines System, a carrier merging into JAL, was established on 2 October 2002; the head office of that company, Japan Airlines System (JALS) (日本航空システム, Nihon Kōkū Shisutemu), was in 2-15-1 Kōnan in Shinagawa Intercity, Minato, Tokyo. On 11 August 2003, the headquarters of JAS moved from Haneda Maintenance Center 1 to the JAL Building. On 25 November 2003, the JALS headquarters moved to the JAL Building.[101][102] Originally the JAL Building was co-owned by Japan Airlines and Mitsubishi Trading Co.; they co-owned a subsidiary that owned the JAL Building. In 2004, the building was to be sold to Nomura Real Estate for 65 billion yen. The contract date was 1 December 2004, and the handover date was 18 March 2005.[92]

The JAL Subsidiary JALUX Inc. at one time had its headquarters in the JAL Building.[103] One group of employees moved out of the building on 26 July 2010, and one moved out on 2 August 2010.[104]

Livery

Logo and basic liveries

 
A Japan Airlines McDonnell-Douglas MD-81 in the former "Arc of the Sun" livery and with a Unicef logo
 
JAL Boeing 787-8 in the current "tsurumaru" livery at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow

The JAL livery is called the tsurumaru (鶴丸) or "crane circle." It is an image of a Japanese red-crown crane with its wings extended in full flight. The Tsurumaru JAL logo was created in 1958 by Jerry Huff, the creative director at Botsford, Constantine and Gardner of San Francisco, which had been the advertising agency for Japan Airlines from its earliest days. JAL had used several logos up until 1958. When the airline arranged to buy new Douglas DC-8s, it decided to create a new official logo for the inauguration of its jet service worldwide.

In the creation of the logo, Huff was inspired by the personal crests of Samurai families. In a book he'd been given, We Japanese, he found pages of crests, including the crane. On his choice of the crane, he writes: "I had faith that it was the perfect symbol for Japan Airlines. I found that the Crane myth was all positive—it mates for life (loyalty), and flies high for miles without tiring (strength.)"[105]

The tsurumaru livery was in use until 2002 when it was replaced by a livery called the "Arc of the Sun." The livery featured the motif of a rising sun on a creamy parchment-colored background.[106]

JAL is a strong supporter of UNICEF and expresses its support by having a "We Support UNICEF" logo on each aircraft.[107]

Following its corporate restructuring, Japan Airlines returned to the classic tsurumaru logo starting on 1 April 2011.[108] A Boeing 767-300 was the last remaining aircraft that had the "Arc of the Sun" livery until it was retired in January 2016.

Special liveries

JAL is known for adopting special liveries. A Boeing 747 (JA8908) carried an Adidas soccer livery in 2002.[109][citation needed] Another Boeing 747 (JA8907) was the Matsui Jet, featuring the famous Japanese baseball player Hideki Matsui in 2003. One of the airline's Boeing 767-300 (JA8253) was the Expo 2005 aircraft.

Various aircraft in the JAL fleet also carry a Yokoso Japan logo supporting the Visit Japan campaign, in various forms. In late 2005, Japan Airlines began using a Boeing 777 (JA8941), featuring Japanese actor Shingo Katori on one side, and the television series Saiyuki, along with its main character "Goku" on the other side.

JAL has also been known for its liveries featuring Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea, as it is the official airline of the Tokyo Disney Resort. It sponsors the attraction Star Jets (not related to past Star Jets fleet with the old tsurumaru livery), which features a variation of the current livery on the ride vehicles. At one time there were more than six widebody aircraft painted with the special liveries.[110]

Some Boeing 747s of JAL had also been painted with tropical-influenced liveries along with Reso'cha titles.[111] These aircraft were typically used by JALways on charter flights to holiday destinations in the Pacific,[23] such as Hawaii. Reso'cha was a marketing abbreviation for Resort Charter and were formerly known as JAL Super Resort Express.

 
JAL Eco Jet

In April 2007, JAL debuted a Boeing 777-300 (JA8941, since moved to JA752J) with a special Oneworld livery to promote the airlines's entry to the global airline alliance.[112] Previously this aircraft carried the Shingo Katori and the Saiyuki television livery.[113]

JAL repainted a Boeing 777-200 (JA8984) in 2008 and a Boeing 777-300ER (JA731J)[114] in 2009 to have a green rather than red arc on its tail, along with a green origami airplane on the fuselage, and named them the Eco Jet, to highlight the company's efforts to reduce the environmental impact of commercial aviation.[115] Following the brand image change to the third Tsurumaru livery, JAL redesigned the 2 Eco Jet liveries. JA8984's livery was removed in April 2019 prior to its retirement in December 2019[116] while JA731J's livery was moved onto JA734J (another JAL 777-300ER), which continues flying the Eco Jet livery as of March 2020.[117]

In 2009, JAL repainted JA8941 again, as well as a JTA 737-400 (JA8933) to promote Kobukuro and their new album Calling as well as a live concert tour in Okinawa and around Japan. This livery was released officially on 30 July 2009.[118][119][120] It has since then been replaced with a special Doraemon livery.[citation needed]

On 4 September 2010, in conjunction with the Boku no Miteiru Fūkei album, JAL and Arashi (which one of their songs, "Movin' On", is used for a commercial) introduced a new livery on one of its Boeing 777-200 JA8982 featuring the five members of Arashi in the aircraft; the first flight was on the day after on 5 September.[121] In May 2019, JAL has also painted one of its Boeing 787-9 JA873J the 'ARASHI HAWAII JET' livery, and in November, painted a Airbus A350-900 JA04XJ the '20th ARASHI THANKS JET' livery to celebrate the band's 20th anniversary.[122]

On 3 August 2017, JAL announced a new livery on board an Embraer 190 of subsidiary J-Air, in commemoration of the new Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem ride in Universal Studios Japan.[123]

Starting from April 2019, JAL has also introduced the 'Tokyo 2020, Fly For it!' series of special liveries, in commemoration of the upcoming Tokyo 2020 Olympics and featuring the two mascots of the 2020 Olympics. There have been 2 jetliners in JAL fleet painted so far, namely JA773J (a Boeing 777-200, painted April 2019)[124] and JA601J (a Boeing 767-300ER, painted July 2019)[125]

In December 2022, JAL and The Walt Disney Company Japan introduced a special livery on its Boeing 767-300ER JA615J in commemoration of the upcoming "Disney 100 Years of Wonder" celebration for Walt Disney Company's 100th anniversary in 2023.[126]

Branding

In 1959, Japan Airlines adopted the logo which is a crane known as the 'Tsuru' crane. Landor Associates created JAL's brand identity in 1989. A fusion of the JAL letters with a red square and grey band feature on the fuselage. The 'Tsuru' crane was retained on the tail but with a new stylised JAL lettering incorporated within it. After Japan Airlines and Japan Air System merged, the Tokyo office of Landor and JAL worked together again to create a new brand identity. Landor devised a livery referred to as the "Arc of the Sun". The 2000s rebranding began in April 2002 and was completed in April 2004. The brand identity firm designed 300,000 specific items for JAL.[127] The JAL acronym remained, but it was changed to include a curved bar, which replaced the simple red square and gray rectangle used from 1989. The curved bar was likened to a samurai sword. The tail now featured a quarter sun outlined in silver. JAL changed its branding again on 1 April 2011, reverting to the original 1959 brand, with slight modifications, as part of their post-bankruptcy rebrand.[128][129] The livery featured the tsurumaru back on the vertical stabilizer and the full name above the windows, but near the cockpit. Repainting was completed in January 2016.

  •  

    1959–1989

  •  

    1989–2002

  •  

    2002–2011

  •  

    2011–present

Destinations

 
Japan Airlines hubs map
Further information: List of Japan Airlines destinations

Japan Airlines serves 60 domestic destinations and 39 international destinations in Asia, the Americas, Europe and Oceania, excluding codeshare agreements.[130][131] The airline's international hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport, Osaka's Kansai International Airport and Itami Airport. Japan Airlines and its subsidiaries currently operate over 4,500 international flights and 26,000 domestic flights monthly.[130][132]

In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, the airline introduced or increased services on ten international routes, including between Tokyo (Narita) and New York City, and between Osaka (Kansai) and Shanghai; and it ceased operations on four international routes, including between Tokyo (Narita) and Xi'an, and between Osaka (Kansai) and Qingdao. Domestically, JAL suspended 14 routes, including between Sapporo and Okinawa. Additionally, the airline expanded codesharing alliance with fellow Oneworld partners like American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific and Finnair, and other airlines, including Air France, China Eastern and Jetstar.[133]

In the early years, Narita International Airport had been the main hub of international and freight flights. Nowadays, Haneda Airport is becoming a major international hub due to its close proximity to the Tokyo metropolis, and the heavy expansion occurring there.

Codeshare agreements

Japan Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[134][135]

Joint ventures

In addition to the above codeshares, Japan Airlines has entered into joint ventures with the following airlines:

Fleet

Current fleet

As of December 2022, Japan Airlines operates the following aircraft:[160][161][162][163]

Japan Airlines fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
F J P Y Total
Airbus A350-900 16 2 12 94 — 263 369 Order with 25 options.[164]
Replacing Boeing 777 family.
-900 series to be used for domestic flights and -1000 series to be used for international flights.
56 323 391
Airbus A350-1000 — 13[165] TBA
Boeing 737-800 44 — — 12 — 132 144
20 145 165 Equipped with domestic configuration.
Boeing 767-300ER 28 — — 24 — 175 199
30 197 227
42 219 261 Equipped with domestic configuration.
5 205 252
Boeing 777-200ER 3 — — 26 — 286 312 To be retired and replaced by Airbus A350 family in March 2025.[166]
Boeing 777-300ER 13 — 8 49 40 147 244 To be retired and replaced by Airbus A350 family in March 2025.[166]
Includes the first Boeing 777-300ER prototype (JA732J).
Boeing 787-8 25 — — 30 — 156 186
176 206
6 58 227 291 Equipped with domestic configuration.
Boeing 787-9 22 — — 44 35 116 195
52 203
28 21 190 239
Mitsubishi SpaceJet M90 — 32[167] TBA Delivery schedule postponed indefinitely.[168]
Total 151 47

As the Japanese government plans to add more slots at Tokyo's Haneda Airport by 2020 (in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics), Japan Airlines intends to order more widebodies for growth in 2018 or 2019: it could exercise its 25 options on Airbus A350s on top of its 31 firm orders, due for delivery from 2019, and study others such as the proposed Boeing New Midsize Airplane or the 787-10 to add to its 787-9 with 10 remaining to be delivered.[169] Japan Airlines' Airbus A350 is currently maintained via the MRO subsidiary of Safran, OEMServices[170]

Japan Airlines operates a mixture of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. The airline provides economy class service on all routes; business class (J) service with larger seats in the cabin front on most major domestic routes; premium economy on some international routes; business class on most long-haul and some short-haul international routes; and first class on some long-haul and domestic routes.

On 5 December 2017, JAL announced it had invested $10 million in the aircraft manufacturer Boom Supersonic, which is currently developing a new supersonic commercial airliner capable of seating up to 55 passengers. In exchange for its funding, JAL will be able to pre-order up to 20 Boom aircraft.[171]

Cargo

JAL Cargo was once a freighter airline operating for JAL. It ended dedicated freighter aircraft operations in October 2010 after more than 30 years of service. It operated both propeller and jet aircraft through the years, most recently Boeing 747-400s (including aircraft converted from passenger to freighter configuration) and Boeing 767-300Fs. Limited cargo activity is now maintained through JAL's passenger aircraft lower deck holds.

Former fleet

 
A Boeing 727-100 at Tokyo's Haneda Airport in 1964
 
JAL Boeing 747-100BSR/SUD with stretched upper deck in 1987
 
JAL Cargo Boeing 747-400BCF just after takeoff from London Heathrow Airport in 2007
 
A Convair 880 at Los Angeles International Airport in 1964
 
A Douglas DC-8-53 at New York in 1970

Japan Airlines has previously used the following aircraft types:[172][173]

Japan Airlines historical fleet
Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300-600R 22 2006 2011 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
Beechcraft H18[174] Un­known 1969 Un­known Used for pilot training[175]
Boeing 727-100 Un­known 1965 1988
Boeing 737-400 7 1995 2003
Boeing 747-100 7 1970 2002 Launch customer with Pan Am
1 1977 Converted into freighters and transferred to JAL Cargo
Boeing 747-100SF 1 1977 1992
Boeing 747SR-100 9 1973 2005 Launch customer.
1 1985 Crashed as flight JL123
Boeing 747SR-100/SUD 2 1986 2006
Boeing 747-200B 23 1971 2007
2 1973 Converted into freighters and transferred to JAL Cargo
Boeing 747-200F 8 1991 2008
Boeing 747-200SF 3 1974 2007
Boeing 747-300 16 1983 2009
Boeing 747-400 28 1990 2011
6 2005 Converted into freighters and transferred to JAL Cargo
Boeing 747-400BCF 6 2006 2010
Boeing 747-400D 8 1991 2011 Launch customer
Boeing 747-400F 2 1991 2011
Boeing 767-200 4 1985 2011
Boeing 767-300 20 1986 2021 Launch customer
Boeing 767-300ERF 3 2007 2010
Boeing 777-200 8 1996 2021 [176][177]
7 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
Boeing 777-300 7 1998 2021 [176][177]
Convair 880 9 1961 1971
Dassault Falcon 20 Un­known Un­known Un­known [citation needed]
Douglas DC-3 1 1951 1951 Operated invitational flights for three days on 27 August 1951
Douglas DC-4 2 1952 1964
Douglas DC-6B 10 1954 1969 Operated the airline's inaugural international flight
Some aircraft were converted into freighters
Douglas DC-7C 5 1958 1965 Some aircraft were converted into freighters
Douglas DC-8-30 4 1960 1975
Douglas DC-8-50 15 1962 1982
1 1972 Crashed as flight JL471
Douglas DC-8-60 29 1968 1988
1 1968 Crashed as flight JL2
1 1972 Crashed as flight JL446
1 1977 Crashed as flight JL715
1 1982 Crashed as flight JL350
Douglas DC-8-60F 4 1968 1988
1 1977 Crashed as flight JL1045
Martin 2-0-2 2 1951 Un­known Operated the airline's inaugural scheduled flight
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 20 1976 2005
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 10 1993 2004
McDonnell Douglas MD-81 11 2006 2010 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
McDonnell Douglas MD-87 8 2006 2008 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 16 2006 2013 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
NAMC YS-11 1 1969 1970 Used for postal service
1 Used for passenger service

Services

Cabin classes

New cabin

 
JAL First Class suite on a Boeing 777-300ER

JAL introduced new international First and Executive Class seats: the JAL Suite for First Class, featured a seat 20 percent roomier than the Skysleeper Solo in a 1-2-1 configuration; and the JAL Shell Flat Neo Seat for Executive Class Seasons, a slightly revised version of the original Shell Flat Seat, with a wider seat; expanded center console; and the world's first in-flight photo art exhibit, Sky Gallery. These seats, along with the Premium Economy seats, debuted on Japan Airlines Flights 5 and 6, operated on the Tokyo–New York route on 1 August 2008. It expanded to the Tokyo–San Francisco route on 13 September 2008, and the Tokyo–Chicago and Los Angeles in 2009.[178] Since 31 October 2010, the new cabin is also used on flights from Narita to Jakarta, being the only Asian destination for which the new cabin is used.[179]

In 2013, JAL debuted new versions of its economy and premium economy seats called Sky Premium and Sky Wider Economy respectively. The Sky Premium seats, found on selected 777-300s and soon 787s, feature the same width as the Sky Shell seats but with a 4" larger seat pitch of 42" and a 3" larger recline of up to 10" compared to a 38" pitch and 7" recline on the Sky Shell seats. The Sky Wider Economy seats, found on select 767's and select 777-300s, feature slimmer seats with 4" more legroom, and another inch of width totaling up to 35" of seat pitch, and a 19" width compared to the 31" pitch and 18" width of standard economy seats, plus a larger PTV screen of up to 11". The newer 787s will feature a new version of the Sky Wider seats called Sky Wider II, which will feature 5" more legroom and 2" more width totaling up to 36" of seat pitch and a 20" width in a less dense 2-4-2 setup instead of the 3-3-3 setup commonly used in a 787's economy cabin.[180]

In premium cabins, JAL introduced fully lie-flat seats, branded as Sky Suite in Business Class cabin and enhanced First Suite seats in First Class cabin. The Sky Suite is in a staggered 2-3-2 setup that offer direct aisle access to all business class passengers. These can be found on all 13 of JAL's Boeing 777-300ER aircraft (named SS7), 10 of JAL's 787-8 aircraft (named SS8) and 8 of JAL's 787-9 aircraft (named SS9). Later in 2015, JAL introduced a new version of Sky Suite, called Sky Suite II, in order to fit lie-flat seats on its new international 767-300ER fleet (named SS6), in a 1-2-1 setup. Since the seats are less wide than the original Sky Suite, SS6 aircraft are often seen on shorter international routes, like inter-Asian routes and Hawaiian routes.[181] In 2016, as JAL was upgrading its Boeing 777-200ER fleet used on selected inter-Asian and Hawaiian flights, JAL introduced a third version of Sky Suite, called Sky Suite III, which is a lie-flat reverse-herringbone arranged seat. This seat is equipped on JAL's most Boeing 777-200ER fleet (named SS2) and 5 of JAL's Boeing 787-9 fleet (named SS9 II) in a 1-2-1 setup. Like SS6 aircraft, SS2 and SS9 II aircraft are operating on shorter international routes.[182] All flights equipped with lie-flat J seats may be accessed here: for Sky Suite flights; for Sky Suite II flights; for Sky Suite III flights.

International services

 
JAL Executive Class Seasons Shell Flat seat

The airline's international services with existing cabins feature the fully reclining JAL First Class JAL Suite; JAL Business Class JAL Sky Suite, JAL Sky Suite II, JAL Sky Suite III, JAL Shell Flat NEO, JAL Skyluxe Seat or JAL Skyrecliner; JAL Premium Economy JAL Sky Premium; and JAL Economy Class JAL Economy Class Seat or JAL Sky Wider.[183] The First Class Skysleeper Solo reclines fully and features genuine leather upholstery from Poltrona Frau of Italy.[184] The Executive Class Seasons Shell Flat Seat is a lie-flat design with the ability to lower armrests to the same height as the seat when reclined.[185] Premium Economy is a recent addition, it was first introduced on the Tokyo–London route on 1 December 2007.[186] It features a shell-shaped seat that allows passengers to recline by sliding their seat forward, without having the seat in front intrude when reclining.[187]

Japan domestic services

On Japan domestic services, the airline offers First Class, Executive (Business) Class Class J and Economy Class.[188] The First Class seat is made from premium genuine leather with a seat width of about 53 cm (21 in) and a seat pitch of about 130 cm (51 in).[189] Class J features ergonomically designed reclining seats that promote relaxation by allowing passengers to move naturally and maintain a balanced posture.[190] JAL plans to begin refitting its domestic fleet with leather seats and in-flight wireless internet service from May 2014.[191]

In-flight entertainment

MAGIC

 
JAL Economy cabin on a Boeing 777-200ER with MAGIC systems

MAGIC, JAL's in-flight entertainment system, supported by the JAL Mooove! (formerly Entertainment Network),[192] features the latest hit movies and videos, games and audio programs. There are six generations of the MAGIC system: MAGIC-I, MAGIC-II, MAGIC-III, MAGIC-IV, MAGIC-V and the new MAGIC-VI. Introduced on 1 December 2007, the MAGIC-III system provides Audio/Video on Demand (AVOD) entertainment to all passengers. The number of movie, music, video and game channels on MAGIC-III was doubled from 57 to 130 by 2008; and it is installed on all seats on Boeing 767-300ER, 777-200ER and 777-300ER aircraft.[193] Aircraft with MAGIC-I and MAGIC-II have movies that automatically start when the AVOD system is turned on—once the aircraft reaches cruise level—and economy class passengers can tune in to watch the movie in progress; and all movies restart upon completion. Executive and First Class passengers have full AVOD control. MAGIC systems also have JAL's duty-free shopping catalogue, including flight crew recommendations and a video of specials available on the flight.[194] MAGIC-V will feature mostly the same entertainment as MAGIC-III, but with a touch screen controller, along with a handset. There will be USB ports for iPod connectivity, and an easier to control handset. (introduced on selected Boeing 767-300ER routes). The MAGIC-III system is used on internationally configured Boeing 767-300 with Skyluxe Seat, older internationally configured Boeing 767-300ER with Skyluxe Seat, all Boeing 777-200ER, older Boeing 777-300ER with Skysleeper Solo/Suite first class and Shell Flat Seat/Neo Business class. The MAGIC-IV is used on internationally configured Boeing 737-800s, along with a newer look of Skyluxe Seat. It uses 9-inch touchscreens by Panasonic SFX. The MAGIC-V system is deploying across the fleet, with selected Boeing 767-300ERs (Skyrecliner seat) and B787-8 (Shell Flat Neo seat) getting the IFE. Followed by refurbished Boeing 777-300ERs (all aircraft) and selected Boeing 767-300ER aircraft (including those with Skyluxe seat) will get the MAGIC-V along with new seats in all classes. The MAGIC-VI is installed on selected Boeing 787-8s and 777-300s.[195]

Aircraft cameras

 
In-flight nose camera view

On most JAL international flights, on-plane cameras are available, either on the wings, the belly or on the tail. When the aircraft is in the pushback; taxi; takeoff; ascent; descent; stacking; landing; and docking phases of flight, all TV's in the cabin automatically tune into the video camera outside the aircraft to provide "Pilot Vision" to the passengers. However, new entertainment systems do not have them anymore (with the exception of the airline's new A350, which does have cameras).[196]

Additional media

Skyward, the airline group's inflight magazine, reflecting the company motto of "Dream Skyward". Prior to the merger with JAS, JAL's inflight magazine was called Winds.[197] All of the JAL Group magazines are provided by JALUX.[198]

In a promotion, between 1 June and 31 August 2006, all Executive and First Class passengers would be offered use of Nintendo DS Lites specially manufactured for air travel, with the wireless capabilities removed in order to conform with airline safety standards.[199]

 
JAL Executive Class Seasons in-flight meal

After a trial run at Haneda airport, JAL announced it will offer selected passengers a VR experience using the Samsung Gear VR and the Samsung S8. Passengers will be able to experience specially curated programming on Germany, Argentina, the Nagoya fireworks and more programs at a later date.[200]

In-flight catering

Japan Airlines offers meals on intercontinental routes, depending on the cabin class, destination and flight length. Western and Japanese menu selections are typically offered, including seasonal menu selections varied by destination.[201][202] The airline has worked with high-profile chefs, including Fumiko Kono, Shinichi Sato, Koji Shimomura, Naoki Uchiyama, Chikara Yamada, Seiji Yamammoto and Hiroki Yoshitake in the creation of its menus and in 2016, launched a children's menu created by Kono, Yamada, Yamammoto, and Yosuke Suga.[203][204]

Sakura Lounge

 
Sakura Lounge in Narita International Airport Terminal 2

Sakura Lounge, named after the Japanese word for cherry blossom, is Japan Airlines' signature lounge. In addition, the airline also operates the following international, including First Class Lounge, Sakura Lounge annex and JAL Lounge; and domestic lounges, including Diamond Premier Lounge and JAL Lounge. Access to the lounges depend on the class of travel or the membership status in the JAL Mileage Bank or JAL Global Club.[205][206][207]

Former bus services

Circa the 1990s, JAL previously operated buses from Frankfurt Airport to Düsseldorf to serve customers in that German city,[208] as well as buses from John F. Kennedy Airport in New York City to Fort Lee, New Jersey.[209]

JAL Mileage Bank

 
Former JAL Mileage Bank logo
 
JAL Global Club logo

JAL Mileage Bank (JMB) is the travel rewards programme of JAL Group, including Japan Airlines, JALways, JAL Express, Japan Transocean Air, Japan Air Commuter, Hokkaido Air System and Ryukyu Air Commuter. The programme's airline partners also include JAL's Oneworld partners, as well as Air France, China Eastern Airlines and Emirates. For the airline's most frequent flyers, JMB offers Fly on Programme, a frequent flyer service status programme; and JAL Global Club (JGC), an exclusive club designed for experienced travelers.[210][211]

The Fly on Programme is the frequent flyer service status programme and is divided into four membership levels, Crystal, Sapphire, JGC Premier and Diamond, based on the member's travel in the last calendar year.

The JAL Global Club is an exclusive club dedicated to catering to JAL Group's most experienced and valuable travelers.

Incidents and accidents

Main article: List of Japan Airlines incidents and accidents

In popular culture

Japan Airlines has been the focus of several television programs in Japan over the years, most being dramas revolving around cabin attendants. Attention Please was a drama in 1970 that followed the story of a young girl who joins JAL to be a cabin attendant while overcoming many difficulties. This show was remade in 2006 again as Attention Please starring Aya Ueto who joins a class of cabin attendant nominees and later graduates. Most of the action of the story of the 2006 series takes place at JAL's Haneda flight operations headquarters. The series has had two specials since the original, marking the main character's transition into JAL's international operations.[212]

During the 1980s, JAL was also the focus of another drama entitled Stewardess Monogatari which featured another young girl during training to be a JAL cabin attendant.[213] During the 1990s, JAL featured several commercials with celebrities, including Janet Jackson who danced and sang to a backdrop of JAL 747s on rotation at LAX.[214]

See also

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External links

  • Official website
  • Corporate website
  • (Archive)
  • (Archive, Japanese)

January 15, 2023
japan, airlines, confused, with, japan, charter, carrier, 日本航空株式会社, nihon, kōkū, kabushiki, gaisha, formerly, japan, lines, also, known, jaru, nikkō, 日航, international, airline, japan, flag, carrier, largest, airline, 2022, headquartered, shinagawa, tokyo, mai. Not to be confused with Air Japan the charter carrier Japan Airlines Co Ltd 日本航空株式会社 Nihon Kōku Kabushiki gaisha formerly Japan Air Lines also known as JAL Jaru or Nikkō 日航 is an international airline and Japan s flag carrier and largest airline as of 2022 headquartered in Shinagawa Tokyo Its main hubs are Tokyo s Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport as well as Osaka s Kansai International Airport and Itami Airport JAL group companies include Japan Airlines J Air Japan Air Commuter Japan Transocean Air and Ryukyu Air Commuter for domestic feeder services and JAL Cargo for cargo and mail services Japan Airlines日本航空株式会社 Nihon Kōku Kabushiki gaishaIATA ICAO CallsignJL JAL JAPAN AIR 1 Founded1 August 1951 71 years ago 1951 08 01 as Japan Air Lines Commenced operations25 October 1951 71 years ago 1951 10 25 HubsTokyo HanedaTokyo NaritaSecondary hubsOsaka ItamiOsaka KansaiFocus citiesFukuokaNagoya CentrairNahaSapporo ChitoseFrequent flyer programJAL Mileage BankJAL Global ClubAllianceOneworldSubsidiariesJ Air 100 Japan Air Commuter 60 Japan Transocean Air 72 8 Jetstar Japan 46 7 Hokkaido Air System 57 3 Ryukyu Air Commuter 74 5 Spring Airlines Japan majority Zipair Tokyo 100 Fleet size151Destinations92Parent company5 controlling shareholders mostly investment trust management banks 2 Japan Trustee Services Bank 15 32 The Master Trust Bank of Japan 6 53 Kyocera 2 18 State Street Bank and Trust Company investment account 505001 1 45 Daiwa Securities Group 1 43 Traded asTYO 9201TOPIX Large 70 componentHeadquartersShinagawa TokyoKey peopleYoshiharu Ueki Chairman amp Representative Director Yuji Akasaka President amp CEO 3 4 Revenue JP 1 411 trillion 2019 5 Operating income JP 96 5 billion 2019 5 Net income JP 57 4 billion 2019 5 Websitewww wbr jal wbr co wbr jpJAL group operations include scheduled and non scheduled international and domestic passenger and cargo services to 220 destinations in 35 countries worldwide including codeshares The group has a fleet of 279 aircraft In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009 the airline group carried over 52 million passengers and over 1 1 million tons of cargo and mail Japan Airlines J Air JAL Express and Japan Transocean Air are members of the Oneworld airline alliance network JAL was established in 1951 as a government owned business and became the national airline of Japan in 1953 6 After over three decades of service and expansion the airline was fully privatised in 1987 In 2002 the airline merged with Japan Air System JAS Japan s third largest airline and became the sixth largest airline in the world by passengers carried Japan Airlines is currently an official sponsor of Japan Football Association Japan national football team Shimizu S Pulse and Consadole Sapporo All Nippon Airways the largest airline in Japan contradictory is JAL s main competitor Contents 1 History 1 1 Regulated era 1 1 1 Founding 1 1 2 Jet era 1 2 Deregulated era 1 3 Modern era 2 Senior management 2 1 List of former chairmen 2 2 List of former presidents and CEOs 3 Corporate affairs and identity 3 1 Organization 3 2 Headquarters 3 3 Livery 3 3 1 Logo and basic liveries 3 3 2 Special liveries 3 4 Branding 4 Destinations 4 1 Codeshare agreements 4 2 Joint ventures 5 Fleet 5 1 Current fleet 5 2 Cargo 5 3 Former fleet 6 Services 6 1 Cabin classes 6 1 1 New cabin 6 1 2 International services 6 1 3 Japan domestic services 6 2 In flight entertainment 6 2 1 MAGIC 6 2 2 Aircraft cameras 6 2 3 Additional media 6 3 In flight catering 6 4 Sakura Lounge 6 5 Former bus services 7 JAL Mileage Bank 8 Incidents and accidents 9 In popular culture 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksHistory EditRegulated era Edit Founding Edit JAL Stewardesses in front of Douglas DC 3 on August 27 1951 Japan Airlines flight attendants in front of Martin 2 0 2 Mokusei もく星 on the occasion of the airline s inaugural flight 25 October 1951 A Japan Airlines Douglas DC 6A named City of Nara at San Francisco International Airport in March 1954 Japan Airlines Co Ltd was established on 1 August 1951 with the government of Japan recognising the need for a reliable air transportation system to help Japan grow in the aftermath of the World War II The airline was founded with an initial capital of 100 million its headquarters were located in Ginza Chuō Tokyo Between 27 and 29 August the airline operated invitational flights on a Douglas DC 3 Kinsei leased from Philippine Airlines On 25 October Japan s first postwar domestic airline service was inaugurated using a Martin 2 0 2 aircraft named Mokusei and crew leased from Northwest Orient Airlines subsidiary TALOA 7 On 1 August 1953 the National Diet passed the Japan Airlines Company Act 日本航空株式会社法 Nihon Kōku Kabushiki gaisha Hō forming a new state owned Japan Airlines on 1 October which assumed all assets and liabilities of its private predecessor 8 9 10 11 By 1953 the JAL network extended northward from Tokyo to Sapporo and Misawa and westward to Nagoya Osaka Iwakuni and Fukuoka 12 On 2 February 1954 the airline began international flights carrying 18 passengers from Tokyo to San Francisco on a Douglas DC 6B City of Tokyo via Wake Island and Honolulu 8 11 13 14 The flights between Tokyo and San Francisco are still Flights 1 and 2 to commemorate its first international service 15 The early flights were advertised as being operated by American crews and serviced by United Airlines in San Francisco 16 The airline in addition to the Douglas DC 3 Douglas DC 6B and Martin 2 0 2s operated Douglas DC 4s and Douglas DC 7Cs during the 1950s 8 JAL flew to Hong Kong via Okinawa by 1955 having pared down its domestic network to Tokyo Osaka Fukuoka and Sapporo 17 By 1958 the Hong Kong route had been extended to Bangkok and Singapore 18 With DC 7Cs JAL was able to fly nonstop between Seattle and Tokyo in 1959 19 Jet era Edit JAL s first jet the Douglas DC 8 named Yoshino in 1960 A Tupolev Tu 114 in Aeroflot JAL livery used between Japan and Europe via Moscow In 1960 the airline took delivery of its first jet a Douglas DC 8 named Fuji introducing jet service on the Tokyo Honolulu San Francisco route JAL went on to operate a fleet of 51 DC 8s retiring the last of the type in 1987 Fuji flew until 1974 and was then used as a maintenance training platform until 1989 its nose section was stored at Haneda Airport and eventually put on public display at the JAL Sky Museum in March 2014 20 JAL also began flying to Seattle and Hong Kong in 1960 At the end of 1961 JAL had transpolar flights from Tokyo to Seattle Copenhagen London and Paris via Anchorage Alaska and to Los Angeles and San Francisco via Honolulu Hawaii 21 Revenue Passenger Kilometers scheduled flights only in millions Year Traffic1955 3141960 8731965 29381969 74851971 104271975 175471980 288761985 372991995 697752000 88999Source ICAO Digest of Statistics for 1955 IATA World Air Transport Statistics 1960 2000 During the 1960s JAL flew to many new cities including Moscow New York and Busan 8 22 23 DC 8 flights to Europe via Anchorage started in 1961 flights to Europe via India started in 1962 initially with Convair 880s By 1965 Japan Airlines was headquartered in the Tokyo Building in Marunouchi Chiyoda Tokyo 24 By this time over half of JAL s revenue was generated on transpacific routes to the United States and the airline was lobbying the United States for fifth freedom rights to fly transatlantic routes from the East Coast 25 The transpacific route was extended east from San Francisco to New York in November 1966 and to London in 1967 flights between San Francisco and London ended in December 1972 Between 1967 and 1969 JAL had an agreement with Aeroflot to operate a joint service between Tokyo and Moscow using a Soviet Tupolev Tu 114 The flight crew included one JAL member and the cabin crew had five members each from Aeroflot and JAL The weekly flight started in April 1967 in May the schedule was 10 hr 35 min Moscow to Tokyo and 11 hr 25 min to return citation needed In 1972 under the 45 47 system 45 47体制 yongo yonnana taisei the so called aviation constitution enacted by the Japanese government JAL was granted flag carrier status to operate international routes The airline was also designated to operate domestic trunk routes in competition with All Nippon Airways and Toa Domestic Airlines 23 The signing of a civil air transport agreement between China and Japan on 20 April 1974 caused the suspension of air routes between Taiwan and Japan on 21 April A new subsidiary Japan Asia Airways was established on 8 August 1975 and air services between the two countries were restored on 15 September During the 1970s the airline bought the Boeing 727 Boeing 747 and McDonnell Douglas DC 10 for its growing routes within Japan and to other countries 22 26 Former Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita deplanes from a JAL McDonnell Douglas DC 10 while on a state visit to the United States in 1989 In the 1980s the airline performed special flights for the Crown Prince Akihito and Crown Princess Michiko of Japan Pope John Paul II and for Japanese prime ministers until the introduction of the dedicated government aircraft using two Boeing 747 400 operated as Japanese Air Force One and Japanese Air Force Two During that decade the airline introduced new Boeing 747 100SR Boeing 747 SUD and Boeing 767 jets to the fleet and retired the Boeing 727s and Douglas DC 8s 27 In 1978 JAL started flights to Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro via Anchorage and San Juan 28 the stopover was changed to Los Angeles in 1982 and to New York s John F Kennedy International Airport in 1999 29 Until 2009 the airline operated fifth freedom flights between New York and Sao Paulo and between Vancouver and Mexico City 30 Deregulated era Edit Japan began considering airline deregulation in the late 1970s with the government announcing the abandoning of the 45 47 system in 1985 31 In 1987 Japan Airlines was completely privatised and the other two airlines in Japan All Nippon Airways and Japan Air System were permitted to compete with JAL on domestic and international routes The increased competition resulted in changes to the airline s corporate structure and it was reorganized into three divisions international passenger service domestic passenger service and cargo including mail service 23 27 JAL McDonnell Douglas DC 10 in 1989 to 2002 livery Japan Airlines began the 1990s with flights to evacuate Japanese citizens from Iraq before the start of the Gulf War In October 1990 Japan Air Charter was established 27 and in September 1996 an agreement with the Walt Disney Company made Japan Airlines the official airline of Tokyo Disneyland JAL Express was established in April 1997 with Boeing 737 aircraft 32 In the 1990s the airline encountered further economic difficulties stemming from recessions in the United States and the United Kingdom plus a domestic downturn Following years of profit since 1986 the airline began to post operating losses in 1992 Cost cutting including the formation of the low cost JAL Express domestic subsidiary and the transfer of tourist operations to JALways the successor to Japan Air Charter helped return the airline to profitability in 1999 23 In 1997 the airline flew Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto to Peru to help negotiate in the Japanese embassy hostage crisis Japan Airlines placed orders for Boeing 777s during the 1990s allowing for fleet renewal It was one of eight airlines participating in the Boeing 777 design process shaping the design to their specifications 33 Modern era Edit A Japan Air System JAS Airbus A300 600R with JAL logo on the fuselage In 2001 Japan Air System and Japan Airlines agreed to merge and on 2 October 2002 they established a new holding company called Japan Airlines System 日本航空システム Nihon Kōku Shisutemu forming a new core of the JAL Group Aircraft liveries were changed to match the design of the new JAL Group At that time the merged group of airlines was the sixth largest in the world by passengers carried 34 On 1 April 2004 JAL changed its name to Japan Airlines International and JAS changed its name to Japan Airlines Domestic JAS flight codes were changed to JAL flight codes JAS check in desks were refitted in JAL livery and JAS aircraft were gradually repainted On 26 June 2004 the parent company Japan Airlines System was renamed to Japan Airlines Corporation 35 36 Following the merger two companies operated under the JAL brand Japan Airlines International 日本航空インターナショナル Nihon Kōku Intanashonaru and Japan Airlines Domestic 日本航空ジャパン Nihon Kōku Japan Japan Airlines Domestic had primary responsibility for JAL s large network of intra Japan flights while JAL International operated both international and trunk domestic flights On 1 October 2006 Japan Airlines International and Japan Airlines Domestic merged into a single brand Japan Airlines International 35 37 The airline applied to join Oneworld on 25 October 2005 Japan Airlines claimed that its Oneworld membership would be in the best interests of the airline s plans to further develop the airline group and its strong commitment to providing the very best to its customers 38 Japan Airlines together with Malev and Royal Jordanian joined the alliance on 1 April 2007 39 On 1 April 2008 JAL merged the operations of its subsidiary Japan Asia Airways JAA into JAL mainline operations JAA had operated all JAL group flights between Japan and Taiwan between 1975 and 2008 as a separate entity due to the special political status of Taiwan 40 JAL Boeing 737 800 short haul airliner Japan Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD 11 In 2009 Japan Airlines suffered steep financial losses despite remaining Asia s largest airline by revenue 41 As a result the airline embarked on staff cuts and route cutbacks in an effort to reduce costs 41 42 The carrier also received 100 billion through capital injection and credit from the Japanese government as part of the proposed bankruptcy 43 In September 2009 Japan s Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism formed a task force aimed at aiding a corporate turnaround at JAL which examined various cost cutting and strategic partnership proposals 44 One proposal considered was to merge JAL with All Nippon Airways ANA which would create a single larger international airline and replace Japan Airlines International however media reports suggested that this proposal would be opposed by ANA given its comparatively better financial performance as an independent carrier 44 The task force also examined possible partnerships with foreign carriers 44 After weeks of speculation JAL applied for protection under the Corporate Rehabilitation Law the Japanese equivalent of Administration in the United Kingdom or a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in the United States on 19 January 2010 JAL would receive a 300 billion cash injection and have debts worth 730 billion waived in exchange for which it will cut its capital to zero cut unprofitable routes and reduce its workforce by 15 700 employees a third of its 47 000 total 43 JAL s main creditors Mizuho Corporate Bank Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation originally objected to the bankruptcy declaration but changed their positions after the Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan recommended court protection according to a senior bank official 45 46 Shares of JAL were delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on 20 February 2010 47 48 At a time its stock was considered one of bluest of blue chips of Japan 43 At the time the bankruptcy was the largest Japanese bankruptcy involving a non financial company and the fourth largest in Japan s history 43 Kazuo Inamori founder of Kyocera and KDDI took over as CEO of JAL Transport minister Seiji Maehara personally visited Kyocera headquarters in late 2009 to persuade Inamori to accept the position task force leader Shinjiro Takagi believed that appointing a proven entrepreneur CEO was necessary to fix the various problems at JAL 49 Japan Air Commuter president Masaru Onishi was promoted to president of JAL 50 In May JAL began to see an increase in its passenger numbers by 1 1 year on year 51 In August it was reported that JAL would cut 19 133 jobs from its workforce of 47 000 by the end of March 2015 whilst also increasing capacity in an attempt to make the business viable 52 JAL Boeing 777 300 JA8941 with special Oneworld livery Although JAL ultimately exited bankruptcy while remaining in the Oneworld alliance JAL was seriously considering accepting a strategic investment from Delta Air Lines and joining the SkyTeam alliance during the period between September 2009 and February 2010 53 JAL also had talks with Skyteam members Air France KLM and Korean Air regarding their potential involvement 41 54 The Delta deal was favored by the Ministry of Land Infrastructure Transport and Tourism because Delta had an extensive global network and had the largest Japanese operation of any foreign airline which it had inherited through its merger with Northwest Airlines 55 MLITT also supported a transaction with Air France KLM because it was a healthier company than American 56 American planned to team up with Oneworld alliance members British Airways and Qantas to make a joint offer to recapitalise JAL 57 British Airways said that it was attempting to persuade JAL to remain part of Oneworld rather than aligning itself with Delta and SkyTeam 58 while American CEO Gerard Arpey said that American and Oneworld remained committed to a partnership with Japan Airlines as long as it remained a major international carrier 59 and reiterated his encouragement for JAL to stay with Oneworld during ceremonies to welcome Mexicana into the alliance 60 In an interview with the Asahi Shimbun on 1 January 2010 JAL president Haruka Nishimatsu stated his preference in forming a partnership with Delta over American 61 and the Yomiuri Shimbun reported shortly thereafter that JAL and the Japanese government backed Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation would likely choose to form a business and capital tie up with Delta as part of which JAL would enter SkyTeam and reduce its international flight operations in favor of code share agreements with Delta and that American Airlines had begun procedures to end negotiations with JAL 62 Both JAL and American denied the report 63 64 The Wall Street Journal then reported that American Airlines raised its JAL investment offer by 300 million to 1 4 billion and in separate comments to the press Delta president Ed Bastian said that Delta was willing and able to raise additional capital through third party resources 65 JAL was one of the largest Boeing 747 400 operators the other being British Airways and Singapore Airlines The last 747 was retired in early 2011 as part of its restructuring program ending 41 years of 747 service After JAL filed for bankruptcy there were further media reports that JAL would leave Oneworld in favor of SkyTeam 66 but JAL president Masaru Onishi said on 1 February that the new JAL leadership was seriously reviewing the issue from scratch without being influenced by previous discussions and its decision on an alliance partner would be made soon 67 On 7 February several news outlets reported that JAL would decide to keep its alliance with American Airlines and end talks with Delta Inamori and ETIC officials according to the reports decided that switching alliances from Oneworld to Skyteam would be too risky and could hinder JAL s ability to turn around quickly 68 Two days later JAL officially announced that it would strengthen its partnership with American including a joint application for antitrust immunity on transpacific routes The airline would also fortify its relationship with other partners in the Oneworld alliance 69 JAL emerged from bankruptcy protection in March 2011 In July ETIC selected Nomura Holdings Daiwa Securities Mitsubishi UFJ Morgan Stanley Mizuho Securities SMBC and Nikko Securities to underwrite the sale of its equity stake in JAL without specifying amounts or dates 70 On 6 January 2012 JAL announced its intent to relist its shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in an initial public offering IPO of up to 1 trillion which would be the largest offering in Japan in more than a year 71 The airline completed its IPO on the first section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange TYO 9201 on 19 September 2012 The Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan sold all its holdings 96 5 in JAL for 650 billion greater than its 350 billion investment in 2010 Though it was oversubscribed several times the post IPO increase of the stock was close to 1 citation needed Following its exit from bankruptcy protection JAL began several new partnerships within the Oneworld alliance The transpacific joint venture between JAL and American commenced in April 2011 72 JAL formed Jetstar Japan a low cost carrier joint venture with Qantas subsidiary Jetstar Airways in July 73 In 2012 JAL and British Airways parent company International Airlines Group IAG submitted applications to the Japanese government and European Union respectively in seeking a joint venture business operation for flights between Japan and Europe 74 Finnair applied to join the JV with IAG in July 2013 in conjunction with JAL starting new nonstop service to Helsinki 75 Japan Airlines incorporated numerous safety measures to prevent the spread of COVID 19 Japan Airlines undertakes JAL FlySafe hygiene measures to prevent the spread of COVID 19 in order to provide all Japan Airlines guests with a safe and secure travel experience Measures taken by Japan Airlines to protect guests and keep them safe from infection include face masks and face guards worn by airport staff disinfecting areas around seats including tables armrests screens and controllers and sanitizing frequently touched surfaces such as lavatory doorknobs and faucet handles 76 On June 18 2021 Japan airlines announced it had conducted the first flight with loading 2 different types of Sustainable Aviation Fuel produced domestically in Japan 77 The flight was directed from Tokyo Haneda to Sapporo Shin Chitose and used 3 132 liters 9 1 mixing ratio of SAF sourced from wood chips and from microalgae 78 It was the first flight in the world to use biofuel derived from gasified wood chips 79 and to mix two different types of biofuels 78 Senior management EditChairman Yoshiharu Ueki since April 2018 President and CEO Yuji Akasaka since April 2018 List of former chairmen Edit Aiichirō Fujiyama 1951 1953 Kunizo Hara 1953 1960 Kōgorō Uemura 1960 1969 Teruo Godo 1969 1971 Shizuma Matsuo 1971 1972 Ataru Kobayashi 1973 1977 Kōgorō Uemura 1977 1978 second term Shozo Hotta 1979 1981 Shizuo Asada 1981 1983 Nihachiro Hanamura 1983 1986 Junji Itoh 1986 1988 Fumio Watanabe 1988 1991 Susumu Yamaji 1991 1998 Isao Kaneko 2003 2005 Toshiyuki Shinmachi 2006 2008 Kazuo Inamori 2010 2012 Masaru Onishi 2012 2018 List of former presidents and CEOs Edit Seijiro Yanagida 1951 1961 Shizuma Matsuo 1961 1971 Shizuo Asada 1971 1981 Yasumoto Tagaki 1981 1985 Susumu Yamaji 1985 1990 Matsuo Toshimitsu 1990 1995 Akira Kondo 1995 1998 Isao Kaneko 1998 2005 Toshiyuki Shinmachi 2005 2006 Haruka Nishimatsu 2006 2010 Masaru Onishi 2010 2012 Yoshiharu Ueki 2012 2018 Corporate affairs and identity EditOrganization Edit Subsidiaries and affiliates of Japan Airlines 80 In addition to its operations under the JAL name the airline owns five domestic airlines which feed or supplement mainline JAL flights 81 J Air JLJ regional jet services from Tokyo Nagoya and Osaka Japan Air Commuter JAC turboprop services in western Japan mainly including Amami Islands Japan Transocean Air JTA jet services in Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami Islands Ryukyu Air Commuter RAC turboprop services in Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami IslandsFormer subsidiaries JALways was the airline s international subsidiary which handled low yield flights to resort destinations in Hawaii Oceania and Southeast Asia 81 JAL Express JEX was the airline s low cost carrier for jet services between secondary cities it merged into Japan Airlines in 2014 Japan Asia Airways JAA was the airline s subsidiary formed in 1975 to allow JAL to fly to the Republic of China Taiwan without compromising traffic rights held by the airline for destinations in the People s Republic of China PRC The mainland does not recognize Taiwan as a sovereign nation but instead as a breakaway province and threatened to ban any foreign airline that has a Taiwan route from flying to the mainland Japan Asia Airways was dissolved in 2008 when JAL was privatized allowing the airline to fly to Taiwan in its own right JALUX Inc established in 1962 is the airline s procurement business which handles various work for the company including the JAL SELECTION merchandise and in flight meals and refreshments supplies for Blue Sky and JAL DFS shops aircraft fuel components cabin services and in flight duty free JALUX merged with JAS Trading on 1 January 2004 to unify support operations for the JAL group 82 83 84 JAL Cargo is the brand of the airline group s freight service and is a member of the WOW cargo alliance with these products J Speed General Cargo and Dangerous Goods 85 In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009 the cargo division carried 500 779 tonnes of freight domestically and 627 213 tonnes of freight internationally 86 On 1 April 2011 the airline changed its trade name from Japan Airlines International Co Ltd 株式会社日本航空インターナショナル Kabushiki gaisha Nihon Kōku Intanashonaru to Japan Airlines Co Ltd 日本航空株式会社 Nihon Kōku Kabushiki gaisha 87 88 in the first quarter of 2019 JAL launches its low cost carrier ZIPAIR Tokyo which will focus on medium to long haul destinations It is estimated to commence operation in summer 2020 Headquarters Edit Japan Airlines headquarters in Shinagawa Tokyo The headquarters the Nomura Fudosan Tennozu Building 野村不動産天王洲ビル Nomura Fudōsan Tennōzu Biru is located on Tennōzu Isle in Higashi Shinagawa Shinagawa Tokyo 89 90 The 26 floor building was a project of the Kajima Corporation 91 The building which also has two underground levels has a land area of 11 670 4 square metres 125 619 sq ft and a floor area of 82 602 11 square metres 889 121 7 sq ft 92 Several divisions of JAL including JALPAK 93 JAL Aero Consulting 94 and JAL Hotels are located in the building 95 The building also houses the Japan office of American Airlines 96 It is also known as the JAL Building ＪＡＬビルディング JAL Birudingu the Japan Airlines Headquarters and the Shinagawa Kyodo Building When JAL was originally established in 1951 its headquarters were in Ginza Chuo Tokyo 97 By 1965 Japan Airlines was headquartered in the Tokyo Building in Marunouchi Chiyoda Tokyo 24 98 The Yomiuri Shimbun stated that because Japan Airlines worked closely with the Japanese government people mockingly referred to the Tokyo Building as a branch office of the transport ministry 99 On 28 June 1996 construction was completed on the JAL Building On 27 July 1996 JAL moved its headquarters into the JAL Building The Flight Operation Center at the JAL Building began on 20 September 1996 100 A holding company for JAL and Japan Airlines System a carrier merging into JAL was established on 2 October 2002 the head office of that company Japan Airlines System JALS 日本航空システム Nihon Kōku Shisutemu was in 2 15 1 Kōnan in Shinagawa Intercity Minato Tokyo On 11 August 2003 the headquarters of JAS moved from Haneda Maintenance Center 1 to the JAL Building On 25 November 2003 the JALS headquarters moved to the JAL Building 101 102 Originally the JAL Building was co owned by Japan Airlines and Mitsubishi Trading Co they co owned a subsidiary that owned the JAL Building In 2004 the building was to be sold to Nomura Real Estate for 65 billion yen The contract date was 1 December 2004 and the handover date was 18 March 2005 92 The JAL Subsidiary JALUX Inc at one time had its headquarters in the JAL Building 103 One group of employees moved out of the building on 26 July 2010 and one moved out on 2 August 2010 104 Livery Edit Logo and basic liveries Edit A Japan Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD 81 in the former Arc of the Sun livery and with a Unicef logo JAL Boeing 787 8 in the current tsurumaru livery at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow The JAL livery is called the tsurumaru 鶴丸 or crane circle It is an image of a Japanese red crown crane with its wings extended in full flight The Tsurumaru JAL logo was created in 1958 by Jerry Huff the creative director at Botsford Constantine and Gardner of San Francisco which had been the advertising agency for Japan Airlines from its earliest days JAL had used several logos up until 1958 When the airline arranged to buy new Douglas DC 8s it decided to create a new official logo for the inauguration of its jet service worldwide In the creation of the logo Huff was inspired by the personal crests of Samurai families In a book he d been given We Japanese he found pages of crests including the crane On his choice of the crane he writes I had faith that it was the perfect symbol for Japan Airlines I found that the Crane myth was all positive it mates for life loyalty and flies high for miles without tiring strength 105 The tsurumaru livery was in use until 2002 when it was replaced by a livery called the Arc of the Sun The livery featured the motif of a rising sun on a creamy parchment colored background 106 JAL is a strong supporter of UNICEF and expresses its support by having a We Support UNICEF logo on each aircraft 107 Following its corporate restructuring Japan Airlines returned to the classic tsurumaru logo starting on 1 April 2011 108 A Boeing 767 300 was the last remaining aircraft that had the Arc of the Sun livery until it was retired in January 2016 Special liveries Edit JAL is known for adopting special liveries A Boeing 747 JA8908 carried an Adidas soccer livery in 2002 109 citation needed Another Boeing 747 JA8907 was the Matsui Jet featuring the famous Japanese baseball player Hideki Matsui in 2003 One of the airline s Boeing 767 300 JA8253 was the Expo 2005 aircraft Various aircraft in the JAL fleet also carry a Yokoso Japan logo supporting the Visit Japan campaign in various forms In late 2005 Japan Airlines began using a Boeing 777 JA8941 featuring Japanese actor Shingo Katori on one side and the television series Saiyuki along with its main character Goku on the other side JAL has also been known for its liveries featuring Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea as it is the official airline of the Tokyo Disney Resort It sponsors the attraction Star Jets not related to past Star Jets fleet with the old tsurumaru livery which features a variation of the current livery on the ride vehicles At one time there were more than six widebody aircraft painted with the special liveries 110 Some Boeing 747s of JAL had also been painted with tropical influenced liveries along with Reso cha titles 111 These aircraft were typically used by JALways on charter flights to holiday destinations in the Pacific 23 such as Hawaii Reso cha was a marketing abbreviation for Resort Charter and were formerly known as JAL Super Resort Express JAL Eco Jet In April 2007 JAL debuted a Boeing 777 300 JA8941 since moved to JA752J with a special Oneworld livery to promote the airlines s entry to the global airline alliance 112 Previously this aircraft carried the Shingo Katori and the Saiyuki television livery 113 JAL repainted a Boeing 777 200 JA8984 in 2008 and a Boeing 777 300ER JA731J 114 in 2009 to have a green rather than red arc on its tail along with a green origami airplane on the fuselage and named them the Eco Jet to highlight the company s efforts to reduce the environmental impact of commercial aviation 115 Following the brand image change to the third Tsurumaru livery JAL redesigned the 2 Eco Jet liveries JA8984 s livery was removed in April 2019 prior to its retirement in December 2019 116 while JA731J s livery was moved onto JA734J another JAL 777 300ER which continues flying the Eco Jet livery as of March 2020 117 In 2009 JAL repainted JA8941 again as well as a JTA 737 400 JA8933 to promote Kobukuro and their new album Calling as well as a live concert tour in Okinawa and around Japan This livery was released officially on 30 July 2009 118 119 120 It has since then been replaced with a special Doraemon livery citation needed On 4 September 2010 in conjunction with the Boku no Miteiru Fukei album JAL and Arashi which one of their songs Movin On is used for a commercial introduced a new livery on one of its Boeing 777 200 JA8982 featuring the five members of Arashi in the aircraft the first flight was on the day after on 5 September 121 In May 2019 JAL has also painted one of its Boeing 787 9 JA873J the ARASHI HAWAII JET livery and in November painted a Airbus A350 900 JA04XJ the 20th ARASHI THANKS JET livery to celebrate the band s 20th anniversary 122 On 3 August 2017 JAL announced a new livery on board an Embraer 190 of subsidiary J Air in commemoration of the new Despicable Me Minion Mayhem ride in Universal Studios Japan 123 Starting from April 2019 JAL has also introduced the Tokyo 2020 Fly For it series of special liveries in commemoration of the upcoming Tokyo 2020 Olympics and featuring the two mascots of the 2020 Olympics There have been 2 jetliners in JAL fleet painted so far namely JA773J a Boeing 777 200 painted April 2019 124 and JA601J a Boeing 767 300ER painted July 2019 125 In December 2022 JAL and The Walt Disney Company Japan introduced a special livery on its Boeing 767 300ER JA615J in commemoration of the upcoming Disney 100 Years of Wonder celebration for Walt Disney Company s 100th anniversary in 2023 126 Branding Edit In 1959 Japan Airlines adopted the logo which is a crane known as the Tsuru crane Landor Associates created JAL s brand identity in 1989 A fusion of the JAL letters with a red square and grey band feature on the fuselage The Tsuru crane was retained on the tail but with a new stylised JAL lettering incorporated within it After Japan Airlines and Japan Air System merged the Tokyo office of Landor and JAL worked together again to create a new brand identity Landor devised a livery referred to as the Arc of the Sun The 2000s rebranding began in April 2002 and was completed in April 2004 The brand identity firm designed 300 000 specific items for JAL 127 The JAL acronym remained but it was changed to include a curved bar which replaced the simple red square and gray rectangle used from 1989 The curved bar was likened to a samurai sword The tail now featured a quarter sun outlined in silver JAL changed its branding again on 1 April 2011 reverting to the original 1959 brand with slight modifications as part of their post bankruptcy rebrand 128 129 The livery featured the tsurumaru back on the vertical stabilizer and the full name above the windows but near the cockpit Repainting was completed in January 2016 1959 1989 1989 2002 2002 2011 2011 presentDestinations Edit Japan Airlines hubs map Further information List of Japan Airlines destinations Japan Airlines serves 60 domestic destinations and 39 international destinations in Asia the Americas Europe and Oceania excluding codeshare agreements 130 131 The airline s international hubs are Tokyo s Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport Osaka s Kansai International Airport and Itami Airport Japan Airlines and its subsidiaries currently operate over 4 500 international flights and 26 000 domestic flights monthly 130 132 In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009 the airline introduced or increased services on ten international routes including between Tokyo Narita and New York City and between Osaka Kansai and Shanghai and it ceased operations on four international routes including between Tokyo Narita and Xi an and between Osaka Kansai and Qingdao Domestically JAL suspended 14 routes including between Sapporo and Okinawa Additionally the airline expanded codesharing alliance with fellow Oneworld partners like American Airlines British Airways Cathay Pacific and Finnair and other airlines including Air France China Eastern and Jetstar 133 In the early years Narita International Airport had been the main hub of international and freight flights Nowadays Haneda Airport is becoming a major international hub due to its close proximity to the Tokyo metropolis and the heavy expansion occurring there Codeshare agreements Edit Japan Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines 134 135 Aeroflot 136 Aeromexico 137 Air France Air Tahiti Nui Aircalin 138 Alaska Airlines Amakusa Airlines 139 American Airlines 140 Bangkok Airways British Airways Cathay Pacific China Airlines 141 China Eastern Airlines China Southern Airlines Emirates 142 Fiji Airways Finnair Fuji Dream Airlines 143 Garuda Indonesia 144 Hawaiian Airlines Iberia JetBlue Jetstar Airways Jetstar Japan Kalitta Air 145 146 Korean Air LATAM Brasil LATAM Chile Malaysia Airlines MIAT Mongolian Airlines 147 Oriental Air Bridge 148 149 Qantas Qatar Airways 150 Royal Brunei Airlines 151 Royal Jordanian Shanghai Airlines 152 SriLankan Airlines S7 Airlines 153 VietJet Air 154 Vistara 155 WestJet XiamenAir Joint ventures Edit In addition to the above codeshares Japan Airlines has entered into joint ventures with the following airlines American Airlines 156 British Airways 157 Finnair 157 158 Iberia 157 Malaysia Airlines 159 Fleet EditCurrent fleet Edit As of December 2022 update Japan Airlines operates the following aircraft 160 161 162 163 Japan Airlines fleet Aircraft In service Orders Passengers NotesF J P Y TotalAirbus A350 900 16 2 12 94 263 369 Order with 25 options 164 Replacing Boeing 777 family 900 series to be used for domestic flights and 1000 series to be used for international flights 56 323 391Airbus A350 1000 13 165 TBABoeing 737 800 44 12 132 14420 145 165 Equipped with domestic configuration Boeing 767 300ER 28 24 175 19930 197 22742 219 261 Equipped with domestic configuration 5 205 252Boeing 777 200ER 3 26 286 312 To be retired and replaced by Airbus A350 family in March 2025 166 Boeing 777 300ER 13 8 49 40 147 244 To be retired and replaced by Airbus A350 family in March 2025 166 Includes the first Boeing 777 300ER prototype JA732J Boeing 787 8 25 30 156 186176 2066 58 227 291 Equipped with domestic configuration Boeing 787 9 22 44 35 116 19552 20328 21 190 239Mitsubishi SpaceJet M90 32 167 TBA Delivery schedule postponed indefinitely 168 Total 151 47As the Japanese government plans to add more slots at Tokyo s Haneda Airport by 2020 in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics Japan Airlines intends to order more widebodies for growth in 2018 or 2019 it could exercise its 25 options on Airbus A350s on top of its 31 firm orders due for delivery from 2019 and study others such as the proposed Boeing New Midsize Airplane or the 787 10 to add to its 787 9 with 10 remaining to be delivered 169 Japan Airlines Airbus A350 is currently maintained via the MRO subsidiary of Safran OEMServices 170 Japan Airlines operates a mixture of narrow body and wide body aircraft The airline provides economy class service on all routes business class J service with larger seats in the cabin front on most major domestic routes premium economy on some international routes business class on most long haul and some short haul international routes and first class on some long haul and domestic routes On 5 December 2017 JAL announced it had invested 10 million in the aircraft manufacturer Boom Supersonic which is currently developing a new supersonic commercial airliner capable of seating up to 55 passengers In exchange for its funding JAL will be able to pre order up to 20 Boom aircraft 171 Cargo Edit JAL Cargo was once a freighter airline operating for JAL It ended dedicated freighter aircraft operations in October 2010 after more than 30 years of service It operated both propeller and jet aircraft through the years most recently Boeing 747 400s including aircraft converted from passenger to freighter configuration and Boeing 767 300Fs Limited cargo activity is now maintained through JAL s passenger aircraft lower deck holds Former fleet Edit A Boeing 727 100 at Tokyo s Haneda Airport in 1964 JAL Boeing 747 100BSR SUD with stretched upper deck in 1987 JAL Cargo Boeing 747 400BCF just after takeoff from London Heathrow Airport in 2007 A Convair 880 at Los Angeles International Airport in 1964 A Douglas DC 8 53 at New York in 1970 Japan Airlines has previously used the following aircraft types 172 173 Japan Airlines historical fleet Aircraft Total Introduced Retired NotesAirbus A300 600R 22 2006 2011 Taken over from merged Japan Air SystemBeechcraft H18 174 Un known 1969 Un known Used for pilot training 175 Boeing 727 100 Un known 1965 1988Boeing 737 400 7 1995 2003Boeing 747 100 7 1970 2002 Launch customer with Pan Am1 1977 Converted into freighters and transferred to JAL CargoBoeing 747 100SF 1 1977 1992Boeing 747SR 100 9 1973 2005 Launch customer 1 1985 Crashed as flight JL123Boeing 747SR 100 SUD 2 1986 2006Boeing 747 200B 23 1971 20072 1973 Converted into freighters and transferred to JAL CargoBoeing 747 200F 8 1991 2008Boeing 747 200SF 3 1974 2007Boeing 747 300 16 1983 2009Boeing 747 400 28 1990 20116 2005 Converted into freighters and transferred to JAL CargoBoeing 747 400BCF 6 2006 2010Boeing 747 400D 8 1991 2011 Launch customerBoeing 747 400F 2 1991 2011Boeing 767 200 4 1985 2011Boeing 767 300 20 1986 2021 Launch customerBoeing 767 300ERF 3 2007 2010Boeing 777 200 8 1996 2021 176 177 7 Taken over from merged Japan Air SystemBoeing 777 300 7 1998 2021 176 177 Convair 880 9 1961 1971Dassault Falcon 20 Un known Un known Un known citation needed Douglas DC 3 1 1951 1951 Operated invitational flights for three days on 27 August 1951Douglas DC 4 2 1952 1964Douglas DC 6B 10 1954 1969 Operated the airline s inaugural international flightSome aircraft were converted into freightersDouglas DC 7C 5 1958 1965 Some aircraft were converted into freightersDouglas DC 8 30 4 1960 1975Douglas DC 8 50 15 1962 19821 1972 Crashed as flight JL471Douglas DC 8 60 29 1968 19881 1968 Crashed as flight JL21 1972 Crashed as flight JL4461 1977 Crashed as flight JL7151 1982 Crashed as flight JL350Douglas DC 8 60F 4 1968 19881 1977 Crashed as flight JL1045Martin 2 0 2 2 1951 Un known Operated the airline s inaugural scheduled flightMcDonnell Douglas DC 10 40 20 1976 2005McDonnell Douglas MD 11 10 1993 2004McDonnell Douglas MD 81 11 2006 2010 Taken over from merged Japan Air SystemMcDonnell Douglas MD 87 8 2006 2008 Taken over from merged Japan Air SystemMcDonnell Douglas MD 90 30 16 2006 2013 Taken over from merged Japan Air SystemNAMC YS 11 1 1969 1970 Used for postal service1 Used for passenger serviceServices EditCabin classes Edit New cabin Edit JAL First Class suite on a Boeing 777 300ER JAL introduced new international First and Executive Class seats the JAL Suite for First Class featured a seat 20 percent roomier than the Skysleeper Solo in a 1 2 1 configuration and the JAL Shell Flat Neo Seat for Executive Class Seasons a slightly revised version of the original Shell Flat Seat with a wider seat expanded center console and the world s first in flight photo art exhibit Sky Gallery These seats along with the Premium Economy seats debuted on Japan Airlines Flights 5 and 6 operated on the Tokyo New York route on 1 August 2008 It expanded to the Tokyo San Francisco route on 13 September 2008 and the Tokyo Chicago and Los Angeles in 2009 178 Since 31 October 2010 the new cabin is also used on flights from Narita to Jakarta being the only Asian destination for which the new cabin is used 179 In 2013 JAL debuted new versions of its economy and premium economy seats called Sky Premium and Sky Wider Economy respectively The Sky Premium seats found on selected 777 300s and soon 787s feature the same width as the Sky Shell seats but with a 4 larger seat pitch of 42 and a 3 larger recline of up to 10 compared to a 38 pitch and 7 recline on the Sky Shell seats The Sky Wider Economy seats found on select 767 s and select 777 300s feature slimmer seats with 4 more legroom and another inch of width totaling up to 35 of seat pitch and a 19 width compared to the 31 pitch and 18 width of standard economy seats plus a larger PTV screen of up to 11 The newer 787s will feature a new version of the Sky Wider seats called Sky Wider II which will feature 5 more legroom and 2 more width totaling up to 36 of seat pitch and a 20 width in a less dense 2 4 2 setup instead of the 3 3 3 setup commonly used in a 787 s economy cabin 180 In premium cabins JAL introduced fully lie flat seats branded as Sky Suite in Business Class cabin and enhanced First Suite seats in First Class cabin The Sky Suite is in a staggered 2 3 2 setup that offer direct aisle access to all business class passengers These can be found on all 13 of JAL s Boeing 777 300ER aircraft named SS7 10 of JAL s 787 8 aircraft named SS8 and 8 of JAL s 787 9 aircraft named SS9 Later in 2015 JAL introduced a new version of Sky Suite called Sky Suite II in order to fit lie flat seats on its new international 767 300ER fleet named SS6 in a 1 2 1 setup Since the seats are less wide than the original Sky Suite SS6 aircraft are often seen on shorter international routes like inter Asian routes and Hawaiian routes 181 In 2016 as JAL was upgrading its Boeing 777 200ER fleet used on selected inter Asian and Hawaiian flights JAL introduced a third version of Sky Suite called Sky Suite III which is a lie flat reverse herringbone arranged seat This seat is equipped on JAL s most Boeing 777 200ER fleet named SS2 and 5 of JAL s Boeing 787 9 fleet named SS9 II in a 1 2 1 setup Like SS6 aircraft SS2 and SS9 II aircraft are operating on shorter international routes 182 All flights equipped with lie flat J seats may be accessed here for Sky Suite flights for Sky Suite II flights for Sky Suite III flights International services Edit JAL Executive Class Seasons Shell Flat seat The airline s international services with existing cabins feature the fully reclining JAL First Class JAL Suite JAL Business Class JAL Sky Suite JAL Sky Suite II JAL Sky Suite III JAL Shell Flat NEO JAL Skyluxe Seat or JAL Skyrecliner JAL Premium Economy JAL Sky Premium and JAL Economy Class JAL Economy Class Seat or JAL Sky Wider 183 The First Class Skysleeper Solo reclines fully and features genuine leather upholstery from Poltrona Frau of Italy 184 The Executive Class Seasons Shell Flat Seat is a lie flat design with the ability to lower armrests to the same height as the seat when reclined 185 Premium Economy is a recent addition it was first introduced on the Tokyo London route on 1 December 2007 186 It features a shell shaped seat that allows passengers to recline by sliding their seat forward without having the seat in front intrude when reclining 187 Japan domestic services Edit On Japan domestic services the airline offers First Class Executive Business Class Class J and Economy Class 188 The First Class seat is made from premium genuine leather with a seat width of about 53 cm 21 in and a seat pitch of about 130 cm 51 in 189 Class J features ergonomically designed reclining seats that promote relaxation by allowing passengers to move naturally and maintain a balanced posture 190 JAL plans to begin refitting its domestic fleet with leather seats and in flight wireless internet service from May 2014 191 In flight entertainment Edit MAGIC Edit JAL Economy cabin on a Boeing 777 200ER with MAGIC systems MAGIC JAL s in flight entertainment system supported by the JAL Mooove formerly Entertainment Network 192 features the latest hit movies and videos games and audio programs There are six generations of the MAGIC system MAGIC I MAGIC II MAGIC III MAGIC IV MAGIC V and the new MAGIC VI Introduced on 1 December 2007 the MAGIC III system provides Audio Video on Demand AVOD entertainment to all passengers The number of movie music video and game channels on MAGIC III was doubled from 57 to 130 by 2008 and it is installed on all seats on Boeing 767 300ER 777 200ER and 777 300ER aircraft 193 Aircraft with MAGIC I and MAGIC II have movies that automatically start when the AVOD system is turned on once the aircraft reaches cruise level and economy class passengers can tune in to watch the movie in progress and all movies restart upon completion Executive and First Class passengers have full AVOD control MAGIC systems also have JAL s duty free shopping catalogue including flight crew recommendations and a video of specials available on the flight 194 MAGIC V will feature mostly the same entertainment as MAGIC III but with a touch screen controller along with a handset There will be USB ports for iPod connectivity and an easier to control handset introduced on selected Boeing 767 300ER routes The MAGIC III system is used on internationally configured Boeing 767 300 with Skyluxe Seat older internationally configured Boeing 767 300ER with Skyluxe Seat all Boeing 777 200ER older Boeing 777 300ER with Skysleeper Solo Suite first class and Shell Flat Seat Neo Business class The MAGIC IV is used on internationally configured Boeing 737 800s along with a newer look of Skyluxe Seat It uses 9 inch touchscreens by Panasonic SFX The MAGIC V system is deploying across the fleet with selected Boeing 767 300ERs Skyrecliner seat and B787 8 Shell Flat Neo seat getting the IFE Followed by refurbished Boeing 777 300ERs all aircraft and selected Boeing 767 300ER aircraft including those with Skyluxe seat will get the MAGIC V along with new seats in all classes The MAGIC VI is installed on selected Boeing 787 8s and 777 300s 195 Aircraft cameras Edit In flight nose camera view On most JAL international flights on plane cameras are available either on the wings the belly or on the tail When the aircraft is in the pushback taxi takeoff ascent descent stacking landing and docking phases of flight all TV s in the cabin automatically tune into the video camera outside the aircraft to provide Pilot Vision to the passengers However new entertainment systems do not have them anymore with the exception of the airline s new A350 which does have cameras 196 Additional media Edit Skyward the airline group s inflight magazine reflecting the company motto of Dream Skyward Prior to the merger with JAS JAL s inflight magazine was called Winds 197 All of the JAL Group magazines are provided by JALUX 198 In a promotion between 1 June and 31 August 2006 all Executive and First Class passengers would be offered use of Nintendo DS Lites specially manufactured for air travel with the wireless capabilities removed in order to conform with airline safety standards 199 JAL Executive Class Seasons in flight meal After a trial run at Haneda airport JAL announced it will offer selected passengers a VR experience using the Samsung Gear VR and the Samsung S8 Passengers will be able to experience specially curated programming on Germany Argentina the Nagoya fireworks and more programs at a later date 200 In flight catering Edit Japan Airlines offers meals on intercontinental routes depending on the cabin class destination and flight length Western and Japanese menu selections are typically offered including seasonal menu selections varied by destination 201 202 The airline has worked with high profile chefs including Fumiko Kono Shinichi Sato Koji Shimomura Naoki Uchiyama Chikara Yamada Seiji Yamammoto and Hiroki Yoshitake in the creation of its menus and in 2016 launched a children s menu created by Kono Yamada Yamammoto and Yosuke Suga 203 204 Sakura Lounge Edit Sakura Lounge in Narita International Airport Terminal 2 Sakura Lounge named after the Japanese word for cherry blossom is Japan Airlines signature lounge In addition the airline also operates the following international including First Class Lounge Sakura Lounge annex and JAL Lounge and domestic lounges including Diamond Premier Lounge and JAL Lounge Access to the lounges depend on the class of travel or the membership status in the JAL Mileage Bank or JAL Global Club 205 206 207 Former bus services Edit Circa the 1990s JAL previously operated buses from Frankfurt Airport to Dusseldorf to serve customers in that German city 208 as well as buses from John F Kennedy Airport in New York City to Fort Lee New Jersey 209 JAL Mileage Bank Edit Former JAL Mileage Bank logo JAL Global Club logo JAL Mileage Bank JMB is the travel rewards programme of JAL Group including Japan Airlines JALways JAL Express Japan Transocean Air Japan Air Commuter Hokkaido Air System and Ryukyu Air Commuter The programme s airline partners also include JAL s Oneworld partners as well as Air France China Eastern Airlines and Emirates For the airline s most frequent flyers JMB offers Fly on Programme a frequent flyer service status programme and JAL Global Club JGC an exclusive club designed for experienced travelers 210 211 The Fly on Programme is the frequent flyer service status programme and is divided into four membership levels Crystal Sapphire JGC Premier and Diamond based on the member s travel in the last calendar year The JAL Global Club is an exclusive club dedicated to catering to JAL Group s most experienced and valuable travelers Incidents and accidents EditMain article List of Japan Airlines incidents and accidentsIn popular culture EditJapan Airlines has been the focus of several television programs in Japan over the years most being dramas revolving around cabin attendants Attention Please was a drama in 1970 that followed the story of a young girl who joins JAL to be a cabin attendant while overcoming many difficulties This show was remade in 2006 again as Attention Please starring Aya Ueto who joins a class of cabin attendant nominees and later graduates Most of the action of the story of the 2006 series takes place at JAL s Haneda flight operations headquarters The series has had two specials since the original marking the main character s transition into JAL s international operations 212 During the 1980s JAL was also the focus of another drama entitled Stewardess Monogatari which featured another young girl during training to be a JAL cabin attendant 213 During the 1990s JAL featured several commercials with celebrities including Janet Jackson who danced and sang to a backdrop of JAL 747s on rotation at LAX 214 See also Edit Tokyo portal Japan portal Companies portal Aviation portalAir transport in Japan List of airports in Japan List of companies of Japan Transport in Japan Tokyu Corporation Japan Air System was a wholly owned subsidiary of Tokyu and the company was merged into Japan Airlines So Tokyu had had Japan Airlines shares of 4 percent until 2009 Now Japan Airlines holds Tokyu s shares of 0 16 percent because cooperates with Tokyu 215 Besides Tokyu has held Japan Airlines s shares of 0 11 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codesharing on Qatar operated flights between Doha and Tokyo Haneda This is in addition to JAL s codeshare on Qatar flights between Tokyo Narita and Doha as well as between Osaka KIX and Doha from last 3 Dec JAL Group PRESS RELEASES Royal Brunei Airlines and Japan Airlines Agree on Codeshare Agreement press jal co jp 5 February 2020 Archived from the original on 14 June 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 JAL Group PRESS RELEASES Japan Airlines Enhances International Network in China by Signing Codeshare Agreement with Shanghai Airlines press jal co jp 9 January 2020 Archived from the original on 15 June 2020 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Hofmann Kurt 13 April 2018 JAL Russia s S7 Airlines to expand codeshare agreement Air Transport World Archived from the original on 5 May 2018 JAL Vietjet Air plans codeshare service from late Oct 2018 Routesonline 23 October 2018 Archived from the original on 5 May 2018 Retrieved 5 May 2018 JAL Group PRESS RELEASES Japan Airlines and Vistara enter Codeshare 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November 2017 Retrieved 7 November 2017 JAL awards OEMS component support contract of its A350s Avitrader 11 November 2018 Retrieved 1 August 2022 Thanks to supersonic flight we may be able to cross the Atlantic in half the time Futurism Archived from the original on 10 December 2017 Retrieved 10 December 2017 History of Aircraft Japan Airlines Archived from the original on 31 July 2017 Retrieved 9 December 2017 Japan Airlines Fleet Details and History Planespotters net 1 December 2017 Archived from the original on 7 December 2017 Retrieved 7 December 2017 World Airline Directory Japan Air Lines Flight International Reed Business Information 20 March 1975 p 490 Archived from the original on 3 December 2010 Retrieved 6 September 2009 Phillips Edward H 1992 Beechcraft Pursuit of Perfection A History of Beechcraft Airplanes Eagan Minnesota Flying Books p 27 ISBN 0 911139 11 7 a b Japan Airlines to retire its domestic Boeing 777s Executive Traveller 30 October 2020 Archived from the 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December 2014 Retrieved 21 November 2016 JAL introduces new child meal menus developed by its star chefs eTN Global Travel News 21 April 2016 Archived from the original on 22 April 2016 Retrieved 21 November 2016 Albright John Brannon 10 October 1982 Practical Traveler Not so exclusive Lounges The New York Times Archived from the original on 17 October 2014 Retrieved 3 September 2009 International Flights Lounge Service Japan Airlines Archived from the original on 4 September 2009 Retrieved 3 September 2009 Domestic Flights Lounge Service Japan Airlines Archived from the original on 20 August 2009 Retrieved 3 September 2009 Make smooth connections at Frankfurt Airport when you use our JAL EXPRESS airport bus to or from Dusseldorf Japan Airlines 4 January 1997 Retrieved on 26 July 2018 For smooth access to and from J F K Airport ride our JAL Express Bus Japan Airlines 4 January 1997 Retrieved on 26 July 2018 How JMB Works Japan Airlines Archived from the original on 18 February 2009 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