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Wikipedia

LGBT

LGBT is an initialism that stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender". In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for marginalized sexualities and gender identities.[1]

A six-band rainbow flag representing the LGBT community

LGBT is an adaptation of LGB, which began to replace the term gay (or gay and lesbian), in reference to the broader LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s.[2] When not inclusive of transgender people, the shorter LGB is still used.[3][4]

It may refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or non-cisgender, instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.[5] A popular variant, LGBTQ, adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual or gender identity.[6] Another popular variation, LGBTQ+, adds a plus sign in order to represent other identities not perceived to be included in LGBTQ. Many further variations of the acronym exist, such as LGBT+ (simplified to encompass the Q concept within the plus sign), LGBTQIA+ (adding intersex, and asexual/aromantic), and 2SLGBTQ+ (adding two-spirit for a term specific to Indigenous North Americans). The LGBT label is not universally agreed to by everyone that it is generally intended to include.[7]

History of the term

 
The Stonewall Inn in the gay village of Greenwich Village, Manhattan, site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots, the cradle of the modern LGBT rights movement and an icon of LGBT culture, is adorned with rainbow pride flags.[8][9][10]
 
LGBT publications, pride parades, and related events, such as this stage at Bologna Pride 2008 in Italy, increasingly drop the LGBT initialism instead of regularly adding new letters, and dealing with issues of placement of those letters within the new title.[11]

The first widely used term, homosexual, now a term used primarily in scientific contexts, has at times carried negative connotations in the United States.[12] Gay became a popular term in the 1970s.[13]

As lesbians forged more public identities, the phrase gay and lesbian became more common.[14] A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be feminism or gay rights led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations, including Daughters of Bilitis, which was founded by Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon,[15] but disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence.[16] As equality was a priority for lesbian feminists, disparity of roles between men and women or butch and femme were viewed as patriarchal. Lesbian feminists eschewed gender role play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived chauvinism of gay men; many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men or take up their causes.[17]

Lesbians who held the essentialist view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor lesbian to define sexual attraction often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian-feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights.[18] Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community.[14]

In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, after the elation of change following group action in the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, some gays and lesbians became less accepting of bisexual or transgender people.[19][3] Critics[like whom?] said that transgender people were acting out stereotypes, and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to come out and be honest about their identity.[19] Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether, and how, to align with other gender and sexuality-based communities, at times excluding other subgroups; these conflicts continue to this day.[3] LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began.[20]

From about 1988, activists began to use the initialism LGBT in the United States.[21] Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people gain equal respect.[3] This spurred some organizations to adopt new names, as the GLBT Historical Society did in 1999.[22] Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups (bisexual and transgender individuals, in particular, have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community), the term LGBT has been a positive symbol of inclusion.[5][3]

Despite the fact that LGBT does not nominally encompass all individuals in smaller communities (see Variants below), the term is generally accepted to include those not specifically identified in the four-letter initialism.[5][3] Overall, the use of the term LGBT has, over time, largely aided in bringing otherwise marginalized individuals into the general community.[5][3] Transgender actress Candis Cayne, in 2009, described the LGBT community as "the last great minority", noting that "we can still be harassed openly" and be "called out on television".[23]

In 2016, GLAAD's Media Reference Guide states that LGBTQ is the preferred initialism, being more inclusive of younger members of the communities who embrace queer as a self-descriptor.[24] Some people consider queer to be a derogatory term originating in hate speech and reject it, especially among older members of the community.[25]

Variants

 
2010 pride parade in Plaza de Mayo, Buenos Aires, which used the LGBTIQ initialism[26]
 
People gathering at the Senate Square, Helsinki, right before the 2011 Helsinki Pride parade started

Many variants exist, such as the more inclusive LGBT+ and variations that change the order of the letters or include additional letters. At least some of the components of sexuality (regarding hetero, bi, straight), and also gender are stated to be on different spectrums of sexuality.[27][28] Other common variants also exist, such as LGBTQIA,[29] with the I standing for intersex and the A standing for asexual, aromantic, or agender,[30][31] and LGBTQIA+, where "[t]he '+' represents those who are part of the community, but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity".[32] Longer initialisms have been criticized as confusing or unwieldy,[33][34][35] sometimes being referred to as "alphabet soup",[36] and mocked with labels such as LGBTQWERTY, LGBTQXYZ, and alphabet mafia.[37][38][39] The implication that the initialism refers to a single community is also controversial.[7]

Although identical in meaning, LGBT may have a more feminist connotation than GLBT as it places the "L" (for "lesbian") first.[3] LGBT may also include additional Qs for "queer" or "questioning" (sometimes abbreviated with a question mark and sometimes used to mean anybody not literally L, G, B or T) producing the variants LGBTQ and LGBTQQ.[40][41][42] The order of the letters has not been standardized; in addition to the variations between the positions of the initial "L" or "G", the mentioned, less common letters, if used, may appear in almost any order.[3] In Spain, LGTB is used, that is, reversing the letters "B" and "T".[43] Variant terms do not typically represent political differences within the community, but arise simply from the preferences of individuals and groups.[44]

The terms pansexual, omnisexual, fluid and queer-identified are regarded as falling under the umbrella term bisexual (and therefore are considered a part of the bisexual community). Some use LGBT+ to mean "LGBT and related communities".[28] Other variants may have a "U" for "unsure"; a "C" for "curious"; another "T" for "transvestite"; a "TS", "2S", or "2" for "two-spirit" persons; or an "SA" for "straight allies".[45][46][47][48][49] The inclusion of straight allies in the LGBT initialism has proven controversial, as many straight allies have been accused of using LGBT advocacy to gain popularity and status in recent years,[50] and various LGBT activists have criticised the heteronormative worldview of certain straight allies.[51] Some may also add a "P" for "polyamorous", an "H" for "HIV-affected", or an "O" for "other".[3][52] The initialism LGBTIH has seen use in India to encompass the hijra third gender identity and the related subculture.[53][54]

Adding the term allies to the initialism has sparked controversy,[55][56] with some seeing the inclusion of ally in place of asexual/aromantic/agender as a form of LGBT erasure.[30][57][58] There is also the acronym QUILTBAG (queer and questioning, unsure, intersex, lesbian, transgender and two-spirit, bisexual, asexual and aromantic, and gay and genderqueer).[59] Similarly LGBTIQA+ stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual and many other terms (such as non-binary and pansexual)".[60][61]

In Canada, the community is sometimes identified as LGBTQ2 (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and two spirit).[62] Depending on which organization is using the abbreviation, the choice of initialism changes. Businesses and the CBC often simply employ LGBT as a proxy for any longer abbreviation, private activist groups often employ LGBTQ+,[63] whereas public health providers favour the more inclusive LGBT2Q+ to accommodate twin spirited indigenous peoples.[64] For a time, the Pride Toronto organization used the much lengthier initialism LGBTTIQQ2SA, but appears to have dropped this in favour of simpler wording.[65] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was also criticized for using the 2SLGBTQQIA+ initialism.[66][67] As of July 2023, the Government of Canada's official term is 2SLGBTQI+.[68] Trudeau's new acronym was criticized by some social media users.[69]

Transgender inclusion

The term trans* has been adopted by some groups as a more inclusive alternative to "transgender", where trans (without the asterisk) has been used to describe trans men and trans women, while trans* covers all non-cisgender (genderqueer) identities, including transgender, transsexual, transvestite, genderqueer, genderfluid, non-binary, genderfuck, genderless, agender, non-gendered, third gender, two-spirit, bigender, and trans man and trans woman.[70][71] Likewise, the term transsexual commonly falls under the umbrella term transgender, but some transsexual people object to this.[3]

Intersex inclusion

Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizations may use the extended initialism LGBTI,[72][73] or LGBTIQ.[74]

The relationship of intersex to lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans, and queer communities is complex,[75] but intersex people are often added to the LGBT category to create an LGBTI community. Some intersex people prefer the initialism LGBTI, while others would rather that they not be included as part of the term.[73][76] Emi Koyama describes how inclusion of intersex in LGBTI can fail to address intersex-specific human rights issues, including creating false impressions "that intersex people's rights are protected" by laws protecting LGBT people, and failing to acknowledge that many intersex people are not LGBT.[77] Organisation Intersex International Australia states that some intersex individuals are same-sex attracted, and some are heterosexual, but "LGBTI activism has fought for the rights of people who fall outside of expected binary sex and gender norms".[78][79] Julius Kaggwa of SIPD Uganda has written that, while the gay community "offers us a place of relative safety, it is also oblivious to our specific needs".[80]

Numerous studies have shown higher rates of same-sex attraction in intersex people,[81][82] with a recent Australian study of people born with atypical sex characteristics finding that 52% of respondents were non-heterosexual;[83][84] thus, research on intersex subjects has been used to explore means of preventing homosexuality.[81][82] As an experience of being born with sex characteristics that do not fit social norms,[85] intersex can be distinguished from transgender,[86][87][88] while some intersex people are both intersex and transgender.[89]

Asexual, aromantic and agender inclusion

In the early 2010s, asexuality and aromanticism started gaining wider recognition. Around 2015, they were included in the expanded initialism LGBTQIA, with the A standing for asexual, aromantic, commonly grouped together as a-spec along with agender.[30][31]

Asexual individuals experience minimal to no sexual attraction to others, and it is crucial to acknowledge that asexuality is a legitimate sexual orientation, not a deficiency or a temporary state. Similarly, aromantic individuals lack romantic attraction to others, yet they can still forge profound emotional connections and strong bonds with people without the romantic component. Furthermore, agender individuals either have no gender identity or possess a neutral or genderless gender identity.[90]

Some people have mistakenly claimed the A stands for ally, but allies are not a marginalized group and mentions of A for ally have regularly sparked controversy as a form of LGBT erasure.[55][56]

Criticism of the term

 
LGBT families, like these in a 2007 Boston pride parade, are labeled as non-heterosexual by researchers for a variety of reasons.[91][better source needed]

The initialisms LGBT or GLBT are not agreed to by everyone that they encompass.[7] For example, some argue that transgender and transsexual causes are not the same as that of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people.[92] This argument centers on the idea that being transgender or transsexual has to do more with gender identity, or a person's understanding of being or not being a man or a woman irrespective of their sexual orientation.[3] LGB issues can be seen as a matter of sexual orientation or attraction.[3] These distinctions have been made in the context of political action in which LGB goals, such as same-sex marriage legislation and human rights work (which may not include transgender and intersex people), may be perceived to differ from transgender and transsexual goals.[3]

A belief in "lesbian and gay separatism" (not to be confused with the related "lesbian separatism") holds that lesbians and gay men form (or should form) a community distinct and separate from other groups normally included in the LGBTQ sphere.[93] While not always appearing in sufficient numbers or organization to be called a movement, separatists are a significant, vocal, and active element within many parts of the LGBT community.[94][93][95] In some cases separatists will deny the existence or right to equality of bisexual orientations and of transsexuality,[94] sometimes leading public biphobia and transphobia.[94][93] In contrasts to separatists, Peter Tatchell of the LGBT human rights group OutRage! argues that to separate the transgender movement from the LGB would be "political madness", stating that:[96]

Queers are, like transgender people, gender deviant. We don't conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour, in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex. We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms.

The portrayal of an all-encompassing "LGBT community" or "LGB community" is also disliked by some lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people.[97][98] Some do not subscribe to or approve of the political and social solidarity, and visibility and human rights campaigning that normally goes with it, including LGBT pride marches and events.[97][98] Some of them believe that grouping together people with non-heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay/lesbian/bi/asexual/pansexual/etc. makes a person deficiently different from other people.[97] These people are often less visible compared to more mainstream gay or LGBT activists.[97][98] Since this faction is difficult to distinguish from the heterosexual majority, it is common for people to assume all LGBT people support LGBT liberation and the visibility of LGBT people in society, including the right to live one's life differently from the majority.[97][98][99] In the 1996 book Anti-Gay, a collection of essays edited by Mark Simpson, the concept of a 'one-size-fits-all' identity based on LGBT stereotypes is criticized for suppressing the individuality of LGBT people.[100]

Writing in the BBC News Magazine in 2014, Julie Bindel questions whether the various gender groupings now, "bracketed together[,] ... share the same issues, values and goals?" Bindel refers to a number of possible new initialisms for differing combinations and concludes that it may be time for the alliances to either be reformed or go their "separate ways".[101] In 2015, the slogan "Drop the T" was coined to encourage LGBT organizations to stop support of transgender people; the campaign has been widely condemned by many LGBT groups as transphobic.[102][103][104][105]

Alternative terms

Queer

Many have expressed desire for an umbrella term to replace existing initialisms.[94] Queer gained popularity as an umbrella-term for sexual and gender minorities in the 21st century.[106] The term remains controversial, particularly among older LGBT people, who perceive it as offensive due to its historical usage as a slur,[106] as well as those who wish to dissociate themselves from queer radicalism,[107] and those who see it as amorphous and trendy.[108] Some younger people feel queer is a more politically charged, more powerful term than LGBT.[109][110] In a 2018 U.S. study, about 1 in 5 LGBTQ people identified as "queer".[106]

SGM/GSM/GSRM

SGM, or GSM,[111] an abbreviation for sexual and gender minorities, has gained particular currency in government, academia, and medicine. GSRM is also used to include romantic minorities such as aromanticism.[112][113] It has been adopted by the National Institutes of Health,[114] the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services[115] and the UCLA Williams Institute, which studies SGM law and policy.[116] Duke University and the University of California San Francisco both have prominent sexual and gender minority health programs.[117][118] An NIH paper recommends the term SGM because it is inclusive of "those who may not self-identify as LGBT … or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development".[119] A publication from the White House Office of Management and Budget states, "We believe that SGM is more inclusive, because it includes persons not specifically referenced by the identities listed in LGBT."[120]

A UK government paper favors SGM because initials like LGBTIQ+ stand for terms that, especially outside the Global North, are "not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities".[121] An example of usage outside the Global North is the Constitution of Nepal, which identifies "gender and sexual minorities" as a protected class.[122] Similarly, the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India when decriminalizing homosexuality in the case of Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), said:[123]

Individuals belonging to sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination, stigmatization, and, in some cases, denial of care on account of their sexual orientation and gender identity. However, it is important to note that 'sexual and gender minorities' do not constitute a homogenous group, and experiences of social exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination, as well as specific health needs, vary considerably. Nevertheless, these individuals are united by one factor - that their exclusion, discrimination and marginalization is rooted in societal heteronormativity and society's pervasive bias towards gender binary and opposite-gender relationships, which marginalizes and excludes all non-heteronormative sexual and gender identities.[124]

Further umbrella terms

In Canada especially, the term 2SLGBTQ+ is seen, with the first two characters standing for Two-spirit; the whole term stands for two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and questioning, and is intended as a term encompassing all sexual- and gender-minorities. For some indigenous people, two-spirit invokes a combination of identities, including sexual, gender, cultural, and spiritual.[125]

Some people advocate the term "minority sexual and gender identities" (MSGI, coined in 2000) for the purpose of explicitly including all people who are not cisgender and heterosexual or "gender, sexual, and romantic minorities" (GSRM), which is more explicitly inclusive of minority romantic orientations and polyamory, but those have not been widely adopted either.[126][127][128][129][130] Other rare umbrella terms are Gender and Sexual Diversities (GSD),[131] MOGII (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Identities, and Intersex) and MOGAI (Marginalized Orientations, Gender Alignments and Intersex).[132][133]

SGL (same gender loving) is sometimes favored among gay male African Americans as a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard as white-dominated LGBT communities.[134]

Clinical

In public health settings, MSM ("men who have sex with men") is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation, with WSW ("women who have sex with women") also used as an analogous term.[135][136]

MVPFAFF

MVPFAFF is an abbreviation for Māhū, Vakasalewa, Palopa, Fa'afafine, Akava'ine, Fakaleitī (Leiti), and Fakafifine. This term was developed by Phylesha Brown-Acton in 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference.[137] This refers to those in the rainbow Pacific Islander community, who may or may not identify with the LGBT initialism.[138]

See also

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External links

  • Archives of glbtq.com, the GLBTQ encyclopedia
  • (archived 10 October 2008)
  • American Psychological Association's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Concerns Office

lgbt, this, article, about, initialism, comprehensive, directory, articles, outline, topics, other, uses, disambiguation, initialism, that, stands, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, since, late, 1980s, initialism, well, some, common, variants, functions, umbrell. This article is about the initialism For the comprehensive directory to all LGBT articles see Outline of LGBT topics For other uses see LGBT disambiguation LGBT is an initialism that stands for lesbian gay bisexual and transgender In use since the late 1980s the initialism as well as some of its common variants functions as an umbrella term for marginalized sexualities and gender identities 1 A six band rainbow flag representing the LGBT communityLGBT is an adaptation of LGB which began to replace the term gay or gay and lesbian in reference to the broader LGBT community beginning in the mid to late 1980s 2 When not inclusive of transgender people the shorter LGB is still used 3 4 It may refer to anyone who is non heterosexual or non cisgender instead of exclusively to people who are lesbian gay bisexual or transgender 5 A popular variant LGBTQ adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer or are questioning their sexual or gender identity 6 Another popular variation LGBTQ adds a plus sign in order to represent other identities not perceived to be included in LGBTQ Many further variations of the acronym exist such as LGBT simplified to encompass the Q concept within the plus sign LGBTQIA adding intersex and asexual aromantic and 2SLGBTQ adding two spirit for a term specific to Indigenous North Americans The LGBT label is not universally agreed to by everyone that it is generally intended to include 7 Contents 1 History of the term 2 Variants 2 1 Transgender inclusion 2 2 Intersex inclusion 2 3 Asexual aromantic and agender inclusion 3 Criticism of the term 4 Alternative terms 4 1 Queer 4 2 SGM GSM GSRM 4 3 Further umbrella terms 4 4 Clinical 4 5 MVPFAFF 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory of the termFurther information Terminology of homosexuality nbsp The Stonewall Inn in the gay village of Greenwich Village Manhattan site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots the cradle of the modern LGBT rights movement and an icon of LGBT culture is adorned with rainbow pride flags 8 9 10 nbsp LGBT publications pride parades and related events such as this stage at Bologna Pride 2008 in Italy increasingly drop the LGBT initialism instead of regularly adding new letters and dealing with issues of placement of those letters within the new title 11 The first widely used term homosexual now a term used primarily in scientific contexts has at times carried negative connotations in the United States 12 Gay became a popular term in the 1970s 13 As lesbians forged more public identities the phrase gay and lesbian became more common 14 A dispute as to whether the primary focus of their political aims should be feminism or gay rights led to the dissolution of some lesbian organizations including Daughters of Bilitis which was founded by Del Martin and Phyllis Lyon 15 but disbanded in 1970 following disputes over which goal should take precedence 16 As equality was a priority for lesbian feminists disparity of roles between men and women or butch and femme were viewed as patriarchal Lesbian feminists eschewed gender role play that had been pervasive in bars as well as the perceived chauvinism of gay men many lesbian feminists refused to work with gay men or take up their causes 17 Lesbians who held the essentialist view that they had been born homosexual and used the descriptor lesbian to define sexual attraction often considered the separatist opinions of lesbian feminists to be detrimental to the cause of gay rights 18 Bisexual and transgender people also sought recognition as legitimate categories within the larger minority community 14 In the late 1970s and the early 1980s after the elation of change following group action in the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City some gays and lesbians became less accepting of bisexual or transgender people 19 3 Critics like whom said that transgender people were acting out stereotypes and bisexuals were simply gay men or lesbian women who were afraid to come out and be honest about their identity 19 Each community has struggled to develop its own identity including whether and how to align with other gender and sexuality based communities at times excluding other subgroups these conflicts continue to this day 3 LGBTQ activists and artists have created posters to raise consciousness about the issue since the movement began 20 From about 1988 activists began to use the initialism LGBT in the United States 21 Not until the 1990s within the movement did gay lesbian bisexual and transgender people gain equal respect 3 This spurred some organizations to adopt new names as the GLBT Historical Society did in 1999 22 Although the LGBT community has seen much controversy regarding universal acceptance of different member groups bisexual and transgender individuals in particular have sometimes been marginalized by the larger LGBT community the term LGBT has been a positive symbol of inclusion 5 3 Despite the fact that LGBT does not nominally encompass all individuals in smaller communities see Variants below the term is generally accepted to include those not specifically identified in the four letter initialism 5 3 Overall the use of the term LGBT has over time largely aided in bringing otherwise marginalized individuals into the general community 5 3 Transgender actress Candis Cayne in 2009 described the LGBT community as the last great minority noting that we can still be harassed openly and be called out on television 23 In 2016 GLAAD s Media Reference Guide states that LGBTQ is the preferred initialism being more inclusive of younger members of the communities who embrace queer as a self descriptor 24 Some people consider queer to be a derogatory term originating in hate speech and reject it especially among older members of the community 25 Variants nbsp 2010 pride parade in Plaza de Mayo Buenos Aires which used the LGBTIQ initialism 26 nbsp People gathering at the Senate Square Helsinki right before the 2011 Helsinki Pride parade startedMany variants exist such as the more inclusive LGBT and variations that change the order of the letters or include additional letters At least some of the components of sexuality regarding hetero bi straight and also gender are stated to be on different spectrums of sexuality 27 28 Other common variants also exist such as LGBTQIA 29 with the I standing for intersex and the A standing for asexual aromantic or agender 30 31 and LGBTQIA where t he represents those who are part of the community but for whom LGBTQ does not accurately capture or reflect their identity 32 Longer initialisms have been criticized as confusing or unwieldy 33 34 35 sometimes being referred to as alphabet soup 36 and mocked with labels such as LGBTQWERTY LGBTQXYZ and alphabet mafia 37 38 39 The implication that the initialism refers to a single community is also controversial 7 Although identical in meaning LGBT may have a more feminist connotation than GLBT as it places the L for lesbian first 3 LGBT may also include additional Qs for queer or questioning sometimes abbreviated with a question mark and sometimes used to mean anybody not literally L G B or T producing the variants LGBTQ and LGBTQQ 40 41 42 The order of the letters has not been standardized in addition to the variations between the positions of the initial L or G the mentioned less common letters if used may appear in almost any order 3 In Spain LGTB is used that is reversing the letters B and T 43 Variant terms do not typically represent political differences within the community but arise simply from the preferences of individuals and groups 44 The terms pansexual omnisexual fluid and queer identified are regarded as falling under the umbrella term bisexual and therefore are considered a part of the bisexual community Some use LGBT to mean LGBT and related communities 28 Other variants may have a U for unsure a C for curious another T for transvestite a TS 2S or 2 for two spirit persons or an SA for straight allies 45 46 47 48 49 The inclusion of straight allies in the LGBT initialism has proven controversial as many straight allies have been accused of using LGBT advocacy to gain popularity and status in recent years 50 and various LGBT activists have criticised the heteronormative worldview of certain straight allies 51 Some may also add a P for polyamorous an H for HIV affected or an O for other 3 52 The initialism LGBTIH has seen use in India to encompass the hijra third gender identity and the related subculture 53 54 Adding the term allies to the initialism has sparked controversy 55 56 with some seeing the inclusion of ally in place of asexual aromantic agender as a form of LGBT erasure 30 57 58 There is also the acronym QUILTBAG queer and questioning unsure intersex lesbian transgender and two spirit bisexual asexual and aromantic and gay and genderqueer 59 Similarly LGBTIQA stands for lesbian gay bisexual transgender intersex queer questioning asexual and many other terms such as non binary and pansexual 60 61 In Canada the community is sometimes identified as LGBTQ2 lesbian gay bisexual transgender queer and two spirit 62 Depending on which organization is using the abbreviation the choice of initialism changes Businesses and the CBC often simply employ LGBT as a proxy for any longer abbreviation private activist groups often employ LGBTQ 63 whereas public health providers favour the more inclusive LGBT2Q to accommodate twin spirited indigenous peoples 64 For a time the Pride Toronto organization used the much lengthier initialism LGBTTIQQ2SA but appears to have dropped this in favour of simpler wording 65 Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was also criticized for using the 2SLGBTQQIA initialism 66 67 As of July 2023 the Government of Canada s official term is 2SLGBTQI 68 Trudeau s new acronym was criticized by some social media users 69 Transgender inclusion The term trans has been adopted by some groups as a more inclusive alternative to transgender where trans without the asterisk has been used to describe trans men and trans women while trans covers all non cisgender genderqueer identities including transgender transsexual transvestite genderqueer genderfluid non binary genderfuck genderless agender non gendered third gender two spirit bigender and trans man and trans woman 70 71 Likewise the term transsexual commonly falls under the umbrella term transgender but some transsexual people object to this 3 Intersex inclusion Main article Intersex and LGBT Those who add intersex people to LGBT groups or organizations may use the extended initialism LGBTI 72 73 or LGBTIQ 74 The relationship of intersex to lesbian gay bisexual and trans and queer communities is complex 75 but intersex people are often added to the LGBT category to create an LGBTI community Some intersex people prefer the initialism LGBTI while others would rather that they not be included as part of the term 73 76 Emi Koyama describes how inclusion of intersex in LGBTI can fail to address intersex specific human rights issues including creating false impressions that intersex people s rights are protected by laws protecting LGBT people and failing to acknowledge that many intersex people are not LGBT 77 Organisation Intersex International Australia states that some intersex individuals are same sex attracted and some are heterosexual but LGBTI activism has fought for the rights of people who fall outside of expected binary sex and gender norms 78 79 Julius Kaggwa of SIPD Uganda has written that while the gay community offers us a place of relative safety it is also oblivious to our specific needs 80 Numerous studies have shown higher rates of same sex attraction in intersex people 81 82 with a recent Australian study of people born with atypical sex characteristics finding that 52 of respondents were non heterosexual 83 84 thus research on intersex subjects has been used to explore means of preventing homosexuality 81 82 As an experience of being born with sex characteristics that do not fit social norms 85 intersex can be distinguished from transgender 86 87 88 while some intersex people are both intersex and transgender 89 Asexual aromantic and agender inclusion Main articles Asexuality Aromanticism and Agender In the early 2010s asexuality and aromanticism started gaining wider recognition Around 2015 they were included in the expanded initialism LGBTQIA with the A standing for asexual aromantic commonly grouped together as a spec along with agender 30 31 Asexual individuals experience minimal to no sexual attraction to others and it is crucial to acknowledge that asexuality is a legitimate sexual orientation not a deficiency or a temporary state Similarly aromantic individuals lack romantic attraction to others yet they can still forge profound emotional connections and strong bonds with people without the romantic component Furthermore agender individuals either have no gender identity or possess a neutral or genderless gender identity 90 Some people have mistakenly claimed the A stands for ally but allies are not a marginalized group and mentions of A for ally have regularly sparked controversy as a form of LGBT erasure 55 56 Criticism of the term nbsp LGBT families like these in a 2007 Boston pride parade are labeled as non heterosexual by researchers for a variety of reasons 91 better source needed The initialisms LGBT or GLBT are not agreed to by everyone that they encompass 7 For example some argue that transgender and transsexual causes are not the same as that of lesbian gay and bisexual LGB people 92 This argument centers on the idea that being transgender or transsexual has to do more with gender identity or a person s understanding of being or not being a man or a woman irrespective of their sexual orientation 3 LGB issues can be seen as a matter of sexual orientation or attraction 3 These distinctions have been made in the context of political action in which LGB goals such as same sex marriage legislation and human rights work which may not include transgender and intersex people may be perceived to differ from transgender and transsexual goals 3 A belief in lesbian and gay separatism not to be confused with the related lesbian separatism holds that lesbians and gay men form or should form a community distinct and separate from other groups normally included in the LGBTQ sphere 93 While not always appearing in sufficient numbers or organization to be called a movement separatists are a significant vocal and active element within many parts of the LGBT community 94 93 95 In some cases separatists will deny the existence or right to equality of bisexual orientations and of transsexuality 94 sometimes leading public biphobia and transphobia 94 93 In contrasts to separatists Peter Tatchell of the LGBT human rights group OutRage argues that to separate the transgender movement from the LGB would be political madness stating that 96 Queers are like transgender people gender deviant We don t conform to traditional heterosexist assumptions of male and female behaviour in that we have sexual and emotional relationships with the same sex We should celebrate our discordance with mainstream straight norms The portrayal of an all encompassing LGBT community or LGB community is also disliked by some lesbian gay bisexual and transgender people 97 98 Some do not subscribe to or approve of the political and social solidarity and visibility and human rights campaigning that normally goes with it including LGBT pride marches and events 97 98 Some of them believe that grouping together people with non heterosexual orientations perpetuates the myth that being gay lesbian bi asexual pansexual etc makes a person deficiently different from other people 97 These people are often less visible compared to more mainstream gay or LGBT activists 97 98 Since this faction is difficult to distinguish from the heterosexual majority it is common for people to assume all LGBT people support LGBT liberation and the visibility of LGBT people in society including the right to live one s life differently from the majority 97 98 99 In the 1996 book Anti Gay a collection of essays edited by Mark Simpson the concept of a one size fits all identity based on LGBT stereotypes is criticized for suppressing the individuality of LGBT people 100 Writing in the BBC News Magazine in 2014 Julie Bindel questions whether the various gender groupings now bracketed together share the same issues values and goals Bindel refers to a number of possible new initialisms for differing combinations and concludes that it may be time for the alliances to either be reformed or go their separate ways 101 In 2015 the slogan Drop the T was coined to encourage LGBT organizations to stop support of transgender people the campaign has been widely condemned by many LGBT groups as transphobic 102 103 104 105 Alternative termsQueer Main article Queer Many have expressed desire for an umbrella term to replace existing initialisms 94 Queer gained popularity as an umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities in the 21st century 106 The term remains controversial particularly among older LGBT people who perceive it as offensive due to its historical usage as a slur 106 as well as those who wish to dissociate themselves from queer radicalism 107 and those who see it as amorphous and trendy 108 Some younger people feel queer is a more politically charged more powerful term than LGBT 109 110 In a 2018 U S study about 1 in 5 LGBTQ people identified as queer 106 SGM GSM GSRM See also Sexual minority Gender minority and Romantic minority SGM or GSM 111 an abbreviation for sexual and gender minorities has gained particular currency in government academia and medicine GSRM is also used to include romantic minorities such as aromanticism 112 113 It has been adopted by the National Institutes of Health 114 the Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services 115 and the UCLA Williams Institute which studies SGM law and policy 116 Duke University and the University of California San Francisco both have prominent sexual and gender minority health programs 117 118 An NIH paper recommends the term SGM because it is inclusive of those who may not self identify as LGBT or those who have a specific medical condition affecting reproductive development 119 A publication from the White House Office of Management and Budget states We believe that SGM is more inclusive because it includes persons not specifically referenced by the identities listed in LGBT 120 A UK government paper favors SGM because initials like LGBTIQ stand for terms that especially outside the Global North are not necessarily inclusive of local understandings and terms used to describe sexual and gender minorities 121 An example of usage outside the Global North is the Constitution of Nepal which identifies gender and sexual minorities as a protected class 122 Similarly the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India when decriminalizing homosexuality in the case of Navtej Singh Johar v Union of India 2018 said 123 Individuals belonging to sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination stigmatization and in some cases denial of care on account of their sexual orientation and gender identity However it is important to note that sexual and gender minorities do not constitute a homogenous group and experiences of social exclusion marginalization and discrimination as well as specific health needs vary considerably Nevertheless these individuals are united by one factor that their exclusion discrimination and marginalization is rooted in societal heteronormativity and society s pervasive bias towards gender binary and opposite gender relationships which marginalizes and excludes all non heteronormative sexual and gender identities 124 Further umbrella terms In Canada especially the term 2SLGBTQ is seen with the first two characters standing for Two spirit the whole term stands for two spirit lesbian gay bisexual trans queer and questioning and is intended as a term encompassing all sexual and gender minorities For some indigenous people two spirit invokes a combination of identities including sexual gender cultural and spiritual 125 Some people advocate the term minority sexual and gender identities MSGI coined in 2000 for the purpose of explicitly including all people who are not cisgender and heterosexual or gender sexual and romantic minorities GSRM which is more explicitly inclusive of minority romantic orientations and polyamory but those have not been widely adopted either 126 127 128 129 130 Other rare umbrella terms are Gender and Sexual Diversities GSD 131 MOGII Marginalized Orientations Gender Identities and Intersex and MOGAI Marginalized Orientations Gender Alignments and Intersex 132 133 SGL same gender loving is sometimes favored among gay male African Americans as a way of distinguishing themselves from what they regard as white dominated LGBT communities 134 Clinical In public health settings MSM men who have sex with men is clinically used to describe men who have sex with other men without referring to their sexual orientation with WSW women who have sex with women also used as an analogous term 135 136 MVPFAFF MVPFAFF is an abbreviation for Mahu Vakasalewa Palopa Fa afafine Akava ine Fakaleiti Leiti and Fakafifine This term was developed by Phylesha Brown Acton in 2010 at the Asia Pacific Games Human Rights Conference 137 This refers to those in the rainbow Pacific Islander community who may or may not identify with the LGBT initialism 138 See also nbsp LGBT portalAndrophilia and gynephilia Gender and sexual diversity LGBT symbols Takatapui the Maori language equivalent of LGBTReferences Parent Mike C DeBlaere Cirleen Moradi Bonnie June 2013 Approaches to Research on Intersectionality Perspectives on Gender LGBT and Racial Ethnic Identities Sex Roles 68 11 12 639 645 doi 10 1007 s11199 013 0283 2 S2CID 144285021 Acronyms Initialisms amp 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