Korean Air
Korean Air Co., Ltd. (Korean: 주식회사 대한항공; Hanja: 株式會社 大韓航空; RR: Jusikhoesa Daehan Hanggong), operating as Korean Air (Korean Air Lines before 1984), is the flag carrier of South Korea and its largest airline based on fleet size, international destinations, and international flights.
| Founded | June 1962 (as Korean Air Lines) |
|---|---|
| Commenced operations | 1 March 1969 |
| Hubs | |
| Focus cities | |
| Frequent-flyer program | SKYPASS |
| Alliance | |
| Subsidiaries |
|
| Fleet size | 164[2] |
| Destinations | 121[2] |
| Parent company | Hanjin Group |
| Traded as | KRX: 003490 |
| Headquarters | Gonghang-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, South Korea |
| Key people | Walter Cho (Chairman & CEO) |
| Revenue | US $11.2 billion (2020)[3] |
| Operating income | US $228 million (2020)[3] |
| Net income | US -$539.4 million (2020)[3] |
| Total assets | US $23.4 billion (2020)[3] |
| Website | www |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 대한항공 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 大韓航空 |
| Revised Romanization | Daehan Hanggong |
| McCune–Reischauer | Taehan Hanggong |
The present-day Korean Air was established on March 1, 1969, after the Hanjin Group acquired government-owned Korean Air Lines, which had operated since June 1962.[4] Korean Air is a founding member of the airline alliance SkyTeam and SkyTeam Cargo. It is one of the 10 airlines ranked 5-star airline, and the top 20 airlines in the world in terms of passengers carried and is also one of the top-ranked international cargo airlines.
Korean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 126 cities in 44 countries. Its domestic division serves 13 destinations. The airline's global headquarters is located in Seoul, South Korea. The airline had approximately 20,540 employees as of December 2014.[5]
The airline was once known as "an industry pariah, notorious for fatal crashes" due to its extremely poor safety record and is one of the world's most dangerous airlines with a a large number of incidents and accidents.[6] The airline's reputation has become less checkered as it has focused investment on improving its safety record including by hiring consultants from Boeing and Delta Air Lines.[7] Since 1970, 17 Korean Air aircraft have been written off in serious incidents and accidents with the loss of 750 lives.[8] Korean culture has been cited by experts as a potential factor for the airline's struggles with safety before the 2000s when the airline hired a former high-level employee with Delta Air Lines to reform KAL safety culture.[9]
History
Founding
In 1962, government of the Republic of Korea acquired Korean National Airlines, which was founded in 1946, and changed its name to Korean Air Lines to become a state-owned airline. On 1 March 1969, the Hanjin Group acquired the state-owned airline and it is the beginning of Korean Air.[10][11] Long-haul trans-pacific freight operations were introduced on April 26, 1971, followed by passenger services to Los Angeles International Airport on April 19, 1972.[12]
Expansion
Korean Air operated international flights to destinations such as Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, and Los Angeles with Boeing 707s until the introduction of the Boeing 747 in 1973. In that year, the airline introduced Boeing 747s on its trans-Pacific routes and started a European service to Paris, France using the 707 and then McDonnell Douglas DC-10. In 1975, the airline became one of the earliest Asian airlines to operate Airbus aircraft with the purchase of three Airbus A300s, which were put into immediate service on Asian routes.[13] In 1981, Korean Air opened its cargo terminal at Los Angeles International Airport.[10] Since South Korean aircraft were prohibited from flying in the airspace of North Korea and the Soviet Union at the time, the European routes had to be designed eastbound from South Korea, such as Seoul ~ Anchorage ~ Paris.
Change to 'Korean Air'
A blue-top, silver and redesigned livery with a new corporate "Korean Air" logo featuring a stylized Taegeuk design was introduced on March 1, 1984, and the airline's name changed to Korean Air from Korean Air Lines. This livery was introduced on its MD-80s and Boeing 747-300s. It was designed in cooperation between Korean Air and Boeing. In the 1990s, Korean Air became the first airline to use the new McDonnell Douglas MD-11 to supplement its new fleet of Boeing 747-400 aircraft; however, the MD-11 did not meet the airline's performance requirements and they were eventually converted to freighters. Some older 747 aircraft were also converted for freight service. In 1984, Korean Air's head office was in the KAL Building on Namdaemunno, Jung-gu, Seoul.[10][11][14]
Checkered safety culture and record
Korean Air was once notorious for its abysmal safety record and high rate of fatal crashes.[15][16][17][18] In 1999, Korea's President Kim Dae-jung described the airline's safety record as "an embarrassment to the nation" and chose Korean Air's smaller rival, Asiana, for a flight to the United States.[19]
Between 1970 and 1999, Korean Air wrote off 16 aircraft due to serious incidents and accidents with the loss of over 700 lives.[20] In the case of Korean Air Flight 801, the National Transportation Safety Board unanimously concluded that the airline's inadequate pilot training contributed to the pilot error that caused the fatal crash.[21]
In 1999, Delta Air Lines suspended its code-sharing relationship with Korean Air explicitly citing its poor safety record following the fatal crash of Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316. It marked the first time safety was explicitly cited as the reason for stopping a major code-sharing alliance by an airline.[22] Other partners including Air Canada and Air France followed suit.
In 2001, the Federal Aviation Administration downgraded South Korea's aviation safety rating and blocked South Korean carriers from expanding into the United States after the country and its carriers failed to improve sufficiently following a warning the previous year.[23] The move was driven by the country's lax oversight of its carriers including Korean Air.[24]
The rating has since been restored as the airline invested billions of dollars to improve safety, upgrade its fleet, install new technology, and overhaul its corporate culture including hiring consultants from Boeing and Delta Air Lines.[7] In 2002, the New York Times noted that Korean Air had been removed from many "shun lists".[8]
Early 21st century
On 23 June 2000, along with Aeroméxico, Air France and Delta Air Lines, Korean Air founded world's major airline alliance, SkyTeam and SkyTeam Cargo, founded on 28 September 2000.[20][25]
On June 5, 2007, Korean Air said that it would create a new low-cost carrier called Jin Air in Korea to compete with Korea's KTX high-speed railway network system, which offered cheaper fares and less stringent security procedures compared to air travel. Jin Air started scheduled passenger service on July 17, 2008. Korean Air announced that some of its 737s and A300s would be given to Jin Air.
In mid-2010, a co-marketing deal with games company Blizzard Entertainment sent a 747-400 and a 737-900 taking to the skies wrapped in StarCraft II branding. In August 2010, Korean Air announced heavy second-quarter losses despite record-high revenue.[26] In August 2010, Hanjin Group, the parent of KAL, opened a new cargo terminal at Navoi in Uzbekistan, which will become a cargo hub with regular Incheon-Navoi-Milan flights.[27]
In 2013, Korean Air acquired a 44% stake in Czech Airlines.[28] It sold the stake in October 2017. On May 1, 2018, the airline launched a joint venture partnership with Delta Air Lines.[29]
In 2019, Korean Air began playing a safety video with the K-pop group SuperM.[30] It featured the song "Let's go everywhere", which was to be released as a single.[31] The airline also featured the group on a livery sported by a Boeing 777-300ER, with registration HL8010.[32][33]
Nut rage incident
Cho Hyun-Ah, also known as "Heather Cho", is the daughter of then-chairman Cho Yang-ho. She resigned from some of her duties in late 2014 after she ordered a Korean Air jet to return to the gate to allow a flight attendant to be removed from the aircraft. The attendant had served Cho nuts in a bag instead of on a plate. As a result of further fallout, Cho Hyun-Ah was later arrested by Korean authorities for violating South Korea's aviation safety laws.[34]
Merger of Asiana Airlines
In November 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, the South Korean Government officially announced that Korean Air will acquire Asiana Airlines.[35] The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of the Republic of Korea will integrate subsidiaries Air Busan, Air Seoul and Jin Air to form a combined low-cost carrier which will focus on regional airports in Korea.[36]
In March 2021, KAL announced the merger with Asiana Airlines will be delayed as foreign authorities have not approved the deal.[37][38] As of 2022, the deal has not been completed as essential countries have not given their approval.[39]
Corporate affairs and identity
Ownership
Korean Air is owned by Hanjin Group and it is majority controlled by Hanjin KAL Corporation. The owner family of Hanjin Group is still the airline's largest and controlling, shareholder; Cho Won-tae (Walter Cho), its current chairman and CEO, is the third generation of the family to lead the airline. As of 5 June 2020, Hanjin KAL holds 29.27% of Korean Air shares.[4]
Hubs and headquarters
Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 and Gimhae International Airport are Korean Air's international hubs.[citation needed]
Korean Air's headquarters (대한항공 빌딩) is located in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo-gu in Seoul.[40] The company also maintains a satellite headquarters campus at Incheon.[citation needed] Korean Air also has offices at Gimpo International Airport in Seoul.
Korean Air's other hubs are at Jeju International Airport, Jeju and Gimhae International Airport, Busan.[12] The maintenance facilities are located in Gimhae International Airport. The majority of Korean Air's pilots, ground staff, and flight attendants are based in Seoul and Busan.[citation needed]
Chaebol and nepotism
Korean Air has been cited as one of the examples of the South Korean "chaebol" system, wherein corporate conglomerates, established with government support, overreach diverse branches of industry. For much of the time between the foundation of Korean Air as Korean National Airlines in 1946 and the foundation of Asiana Airlines in 1988, Korean Air was the only airline operating in South Korea.
The process of privatization of Korean National Airlines in 1969 was supported by Park Chung-hee, the South Korean military general president who seized power of the country through a military coup d'état; and the monopoly of the airline was secured for two decades.
After widening the Jaebeol branches, the subsidiary corporations of Korean Air include marine and overland transportation businesses, hotels, and real estate among others; and the previous branches included heavy industry, passenger transportation, construction, and a stockbroking business. The nature of the South Korean chaebeol system involves nepotism. A series of incidents involving Korean Air in the 2000s have "revealed an ugly side of the culture within chaebeols, South Korea's giant family-run conglomerates".[41]
Hotel ownership
Korean Air owns five hotels: two KAL hotels on Jeju island, the Hyatt in Incheon; Waikiki Resort in Hawaii, and a hotel/office building called the Wilshire Grand Tower in Los Angeles. This building in downtown Los Angeles houses the largest InterContinental Hotel in the Americas in what is the tallest building in Los Angeles.[42]
Aerospace research and manufacturing
Korean Air is also involved in aerospace research and manufacturing. The division, known as the Korean Air Aerospace Division (KAL-ASD), has manufactured licensed versions of the MD Helicopters MD 500 and Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, as well as the Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II fighter aircraft,[43] the aft fuselage and wings for the KF-16 fighter aircraft manufactured by Korean Aerospace Industries and parts for various commercial aircraft including the Boeing 737, Boeing 747, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner; and the Airbus A330 and Airbus A380.[44] In 1991, the division designed and flew the Korean Air Chang-Gong 91 light aircraft. KAA also provides aircraft maintenance support for the United States Department of Defense in Asia and maintains a research division with focuses on launch vehicles, satellites, commercial aircraft, military aircraft, helicopters, and simulation systems.[45]
In October 2012, a development deal between Bombardier Aerospace and a government-led South Korean consortium was announced, aiming to develop a 90-seat turboprop regional airliner, targeting a 2019 launch date. The consortium would have included Korea Aerospace Industries and Korean Air.[46] While this plan did not come to fruition, in 2019, Korean Aerospace Industries nevertheless decided to conduct a two-year study to assess the feasibility of taking the lead on building a turboprop airliner.[47]
Destinations
Korean Air has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[48][49]
- Aeroflot
- Aerolíneas Argentinas
- Aeroméxico
- Air Europa
- Air France
- Air Tahiti Nui
- Alaska Airlines
- Aurora[50]
- China Airlines
- China Eastern Airlines
- China Southern Airlines
- Czech Airlines
- Delta Air Lines (Joint Venture Partners)[51]
- Emirates
- Etihad Airways
- Garuda Indonesia
- Gol Transportes Aéreos
- Hainan Airlines
- Hawaiian Airlines[52]
- Japan Airlines
- Jin Air (Subsidiary)
- Kenya Airways
- KLM
- LATAM Brasil[53]
- LATAM Chile
- LATAM Perú
- Malaysia Airlines
- MIAT Mongolian Airlines
- Myanmar Airways International
- Rossiya Airlines
- Royal Brunei Airlines[54]
- Saudia
- Shanghai Airlines
- Uzbekistan Airways
- Vietnam Airlines
- Virgin Atlantic[55]
- WestJet
- XiamenAir
Interline agreements
Korean Air has interline agreements with the following airlines:
Korean Air is also an airline partner of Skywards, the frequent-flyer program for Emirates. Skywards members can earn miles for flying Korean Air and can redeem miles for free flights.
Fleet
Current fleet
As of November 2022[update], Korean Air operates the following aircraft:[57][58][59][60]
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | E | Total | ||||
| Airbus A220-300 | 10 | — | — | — | 140 | 140 | Order with 10 options and 10 purchase rights.[61] |
| Airbus A321neo | 3 | 27 | — | 8 | 174 | 182 | Order with 20 options.[62] Delivery starts from October 2022.[63] |
| Airbus A330-200 | 8 | — | — | 30 | 188 | 218 | Launch customer. Partially grounded for safety inspection.[64][65] |
| Airbus A330-300 | 21 | — | — | 24 | 248 | 272 | Partially grounded for safety inspection.[64][65] |
| 24 | 252 | 276 | |||||
| 24 | 260 | 284 | |||||
| Airbus A380-800 | 10 | — | 12 | 94 | 301 | 407 | To be retired by 2026.[66] |
| Boeing 737-800 | 2 | — | — | 12 | 126 | 138 | |
| Boeing 737-900 | 10 | — | — | 8 | 180 | 188 | |
| Boeing 737-900ER | 6 | — | — | 8 | 165 | 173 | |
| Boeing 737 MAX 8 | 5 | 25 | — | 8 | 138 | 146 | Order with 20 options.[67] Delivery starts from February 2022.[68] |
| Boeing 747-8I | 9 | — | 6 | 48 | 314 | 368 | To be retired by 2031.[66] Includes HL7644, the last passenger 747 ever built.[69] |
| 1 | VIP | Leased to Republic of Korea Air Force for VIP transport | |||||
| Boeing 777-200ER | 9 | — | 8 | 28 | 225 | 261 | |
| Boeing 777-300 | 4 | — | — | 41 | 297 | 338 | |
| Boeing 777-300ER | 25 | — | 8 | 42 | 227 | 277 | |
| 8 | 56 | 227 | 291 | ||||
| Boeing 787-9 | 10 | 10[70] | — | 24 | 245 | 269 | Order with 10 options.[71] Order was converted from 787-8.[72][73] |
| Boeing 787-10 | — | 20[70] | TBA | Deliveries are planned to start in 2023.[74][needs update] | |||
| Korean Air Cargo fleet | |||||||
| Boeing 747-400ERF | 4 | — | Cargo | ||||
| Boeing 747-8F | 7 | — | Cargo | ||||
| Boeing 777F | 12 | — | Cargo | ||||
| Korean Air Business Jet fleet[75][76] | |||||||
| AgustaWestland AW139 | 4 | — | 8–14 | ||||
| Boeing 737-700/BBJ1 | 1 | — | 16–26 | ||||
| Boeing 787-8/BBJ | 1 | — | 39 | [77][78] | |||
| Bombardier Global Express XRS | 1 | — | 13 | ||||
| Gulfstream G650ER | 1 | — | 13 | [79] | |||
| Sikorsky S-76+ | 1 | — | 5–6 | ||||
| Total | 163 | 82 | |||||
Retired fleet
Korean Air has operated the following aircraft:[80][81][82][83][84]
Fleet plans
At the Association of Asia Pacific Airlines Assembly in 2018, Korean Air announced that it was considering a new large widebody aircraft order to replace older Airbus A330, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200ER and Boeing 777-300. Types under consideration for replacement of older widebody aircraft in the fleet include the Boeing 777X and Airbus A350 XWB.[86]
At the International Air Transport Association Annual General Meeting (IATA AGM) in Seoul, Chairman Walter Cho said Korean Air's widebody order is imminent and it is considering an extra order of Airbus A220 Family including developing version, Airbus A220-500.[87]
In 2022, Korean Air is considering ordering a new freighter to continue the support cargo demand worldwide. Chairman of Korean Air Walter Cho said KAL is considering 2 options and looking at both.[88][89]
Aircraft interiors
Korean Air currently offers three types of first class, four types of business (Prestige) class, and standard economy class.[90] Korean Air operates First Class on all Boeing 747-8I and parts of its 777-300ER, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 777-200ER, and -300ER fleets. Some seats are equipped as suites with doors.[citation needed] The airline markets Business Class as "Prestige Class" with some aircraft equipped with suites.[citation needed] The airline announced its introduction of Premium Economy in 2017.[91] The first aircraft equipped with premium economy marketed as "Economy Plus" was CS300 (Airbus A220-300).[92] The product was eliminated in 2019 due to discordance of service and profit loss.[93][94] The airline also offers Economy Class.
Incidents and accidents
In the late 1990s, Korean Air was "an industry pariah, notorious for fatal crashes" due to its extremely poor safety record and being one of the world's most dangerous airlines.[95][96][97] Safety has seemingly improved since as the airline made concerted efforts to improve standards in the early 21st century.[8] In 2001, the Federal Aviation Administration upgraded Korea's air-safety rating while Korean Air passed an International Air Transport Association audit in 2005.[97]
Between 1970 and 1999, many fatal incidents occurred. Since 1970, 17 Korean Air aircraft have been written off in serious incidents and accidents with the loss of 700 lives. Two Korean Air aircraft were shot down by the Soviet Union, one operating as Korean Air Lines Flight 902 and the other as Korean Air Lines Flight 007.
Korean Air's deadliest incident was Flight 007 which was shot down by the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. All 269 people on board were killed, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, Larry McDonald.
The last fatal passenger accident was the Korean Air Flight 801 crash in 1997, which killed 229 people of the 254 people aboard including Shin Ki-ha, a South Korean parliamentarian.[98][99][100] The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that poor communication between the flight crew as the probable cause for the air crash, along with the captain's poor decision-making on the non-precision approach.[101][102][103][104]
The last crew fatalities were in the crash of Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 in 1999 due to instrument malfunction and pilot error.[105][106]
The last aircraft write-off occurred in 2022, when Korean Air Flight 631 overran the runway at Mactan–Cebu International Airport while attempting to land under poor weather conditions.[107]
See also
References
- ^ "JO 7340.2J - Contractions - Including Change 1" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. October 10, 2019. pp. 3–1–53. (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- ^ a b "Learn More About Us | Korean Air". from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "korean air lines co ltd (003490:Korea SE)". businessweek.com. Retrieved September 1, 2014.[dead link]
- ^ a b "대한항공(A003490), 지분분석, 기업정보, Company Guide" (in Korean). from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
- ^ "Who We Are - Korean Air". koreanair.com. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
- ^ Carley, William M.; Pasztor, Andy (July 7, 1999). "Korean Air Tries to Fix A Dismal Safety Record". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
- ^ a b Yu, Roger (August 26, 2009). "Korean Air upgrades service, image". USA Today. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ a b c Kirk, Don (March 26, 2002). "New Standards Mean Korean Air Is Coming Off Many 'Shun' Lists". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
- ^ Wee, Heesun (July 9, 2013). "Korean culture may offer clues in Asiana crash". www.cnbc.com. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Korean Air History". Korean Air. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "Korean Air History". Korean Air (in Korean). from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ a b "Directory: World Airlines". Flight International. April 3, 2007. p. 102.
- ^ "Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. History May 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 27. St. James Press, 1999.
- ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. May 16, 1981. 1444.
- ^ Kirk, Don. "New Standards Mean Korean Air Is Coming Off Many 'Shun' Lists." The New York Times. Tuesday 26 March 2002. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
- ^ Journal, Bruce StanleyStaff Reporter of The Wall Street (January 9, 2006). "Korean Air Bucks Tradition To Fix Problems". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
- ^ See Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers (2008), pp. 177–223 for a discussion of this turnaround in airline safety. Gladwell notes (p. 180) that the hull-loss rate for the airline was 4.79 per million departures, a full 17 times greater than United Airlines which at the same time had a loss rate of just 0.27 per million departures.
- ^ Stanley, Bruce (January 9, 2006). "Korean Air Bucks Tradition To Fix Problems". wsj.com. The Wall Street Journal. from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ^ Carley, William M.; Pasztor, Andy (July 7, 1999). "Korean Air Tries to Fix A Dismal Safety Record". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
- ^ a b "대한항공등 4개사, 다자간 운항동맹 스카이팀 결성". Korea Economy News (in Korean). June 23, 2000. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ Swoboda, Frank (November 3, 1999). "Better Pilot Training Could Have Prevented Korean Air Crash, NTSB Says". Washington Post.
- ^ Pasztor, Andy; Wilde Mathews, Anna; Brannigan, Martha (April 19, 1999). "Delta Suspends Code-Sharing Deal With Korean Air Following Crash". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
- ^ "FAA downgrades S. Korea's air safety rating". UPI. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
- ^ "CNN.com - South Korea tackles U.S. air-safety downgrade - August 17, 2001". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
- ^ "대한항공 등 4개 항공사, 화물 서비스 '스카이팀 카고' 출범". Maeil Economy News (in Korean). September 28, 2000. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air slides to second-quarter loss but touts 'record high' revenue". ATW Online. August 16, 2010. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- ^ "Navoi Cargo Terminal opens in Uzbekistan; Korean Air to expand cargo network". ATW Online. August 16, 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- ^ Hovet, Jason; Hepher, Tim (April 10, 2013). "Korean Air finalises investment in loss-making Czech Airlines". Reuters. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
- ^ "Korean Air-Delta joint venture to boost air traffic". koreatimes. May 1, 2018. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
- ^ "Korean Air Unveils All-New Safety Video". Bangkok Post. November 4, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- ^ Liotta, Edoardo (November 8, 2019). "Korean Air's In-Flight Safety Video Ingeniously Features K-Pop". Vice Magazine. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
- ^ "HL8010 | Boeing 777-3B5ER | Korean Air | Shimizu Brothers". JetPhotos. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
- ^ "HL8010 | Boeing 777-3B5ER | Korean Air | Jubilant Chan". JetPhotos. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
- ^ "Ex-Korean Air Executive Arrested Over 'Nut Rage' Incident". NPR.org. December 30, 2014. from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved April 24, 2015.
- ^ "대한항공·아시아나 통합 국적항공사 출범…산은 8천억 투입" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. November 16, 2020. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ "진에어·에어서울·에어부산 통합... 정부 "지방공항 기반해 운영"" (in Korean). Chosun Biz. November 16, 2020. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ "대한항공 "아시아나 인수 2년 후 완전통합"" (in Korean). Chosun Ilbo. March 31, 2021.
- ^ "아시아나, 대한항공 자회사 편입후 2년간 독립 운영" (in Korean). Munhwa Ilbo. March 31, 2021.
- ^ "Korean Air delays merger of Asiana to 2024". koreatimes. March 29, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "일반현황 / 기업개요". Korean Air. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved September 9, 2010. "주소: 서울 특별시 강서구 공항동 1370번지 대현항공 빌딩"
- ^ Pasick, Adam (December 9, 2014). "Nepotism in a Nutshell November 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ Vincent, Roger (September 23, 2014) "Hotel under construction in downtown L.A. will be an InterContinental" February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times
- ^ "Korean Air Aerospace Division (KAA)". GlobalSecurity.org. from the original on September 8, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
- ^ Carrier moonlights in aerospace February 14, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. Los Angeles Times. (February 18, 2007).
- ^ Korean Air Aerospace Division Official Website September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Kal-asd.com.
- ^ Choi, Kyong-Ae (October 8, 2012). "South Korea Consortium in Talks With Bombardier About Developing Passenger Plane". Wall Street Journal. from the original on March 19, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ Waldron, Greg (January 28, 2019). "KAI to explore feasibility of regional airliner". FlightGlobal. from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "Codeshare Flights". Korean Air. Seoul: Hanjin Group. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
- ^ "Profile Korean Air". CAPA. Centre for Aviation. from the original on October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ "Korean Air / Aurora begins codeshare partnership from July 2018". Routesonline. July 12, 2018. from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
- ^ "Delta and Korean Air to expand partnership". Delta Air Lines. from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
- ^ Hawaiian Airlines (March 22, 2011). "Hawaiian Airlines, Korean Air Team Up On Frequent Flyer Benefits". Hawaiian Airlines. from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
- ^ "Korean Air expands LATAM codeshare to Brasil in Nov 2018". Routesonline. November 29, 2018. from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- ^ "Korean Air is Royal Brunei Airlines' latest codeshare partner". Royal Brunei Airlines. September 4, 2019. from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ "Virgin Atlantic to Launch Codeshare with Korean Air". ARGS. March 24, 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2023.
- ^ "JetBlue and Korean Air Announce New Interline Agreement to Connect Customers Between Asia and North America". PR Newswire. February 28, 2012. from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
- ^ "Fleet". Korean Air. from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ "Business Jet Services". Korean Air. from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ "항공기 등록현황". Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea (in Korean). from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air Lines Fleet Details and History". planespotters.net. December 30, 2016. from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
- ^ "Korean Air becomes the third operator of the Bombardier CS300". World Airline News. December 22, 2017. from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
- ^ "Korean Air finalises order for 30 A321neo" (Press release). Airbus. November 6, 2015. from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
- ^ "대한항공, '친환경 항공기' A321네오 도입…하늘길 확대" [Korean Air, introduces ‘Eco-Frendly’aircraft, Airbus A321neo…expand its network] (in Korean). Financial News. October 31, 2022.
- ^ a b Hardiman, Jake (November 4, 2022). "Korean Air Will Take 24 Airbus A330s Out Of Service For Intensive Inspections". Simple Flying. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
- ^ a b Polek, Gregory. "Korean Air Launches Special Safety Audit of A330s". Aviation International News. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
- ^ a b "Korean Air to phase out superjumbo jets within decade". Yonhap News Agency. August 20, 2021.
- ^ "Boeing, Korean Air Finalize Order for 30 737 MAXs, Two 777-300ERs" (Press release). Boeing. November 5, 2015. from the original on February 8, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air introduces its first Boeing 737-8" (Press release). Korean Air. February 14, 2022.
- ^ Sweeney, Sam (December 8, 2022). "End of an era as final Boeing 747 rolls off assembly line". ABC News.
- ^ a b "Korean Air to Introduce Boeing 787-10 for the First Time in Korea" (Press release). Korean Air. June 19, 2019. from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air Joins Boeing 787 Family with up to 20-Airplane Order". Boeing. April 11, 2005. from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
- ^ "Boeing Delivers Korean Air's First 787-9 Dreamliner". February 22, 2017. from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
- ^ Ghim-Lay Yeo. . Singapore: Flight International. Archived from the original on March 21, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ "Korean Air to fund Boeing Dreamliner order via "green" bonds". aerotime.aero. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ "Korean Air business jet fleets". Korean Air. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
- ^ Greg Waldron (October 18, 2016). "Korean Air expands business jet charter unit". FlightGlobal. from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ "[단독]대한항공, 전용기 추가 도입… 첫 고객으로 삼성과 계약" [[Exclusive] Korean Air Introduces Additional Private Jet... Engage Samsung as First Customer] (in Korean). Donga News. June 17, 2022.
- ^ "Korean Air expands private business jet service". The Korea Times. June 18, 2022.
- ^ "Korean Air adds maiden Gulfstream G650ER". Ch-Aviation. August 3, 2016. from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
- ^ "대한항공 50년 보유 항공기 변천사(1) 1960~1980년대". Korean Air (in Korean). April 30, 2019. from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ^ "대한항공 50년 보유 항공기 변천사(2) 1990년대 ~ 현재". Korean Air (in Korean). April 30, 2019. from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air Lines Fleet Details and History". planespotters.net. June 26, 2018. from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
- ^ "연도별 도입 현황". Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of the Republic of Korea (in Korean). from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ "연도별 말소 현황". Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of the Republic of Korea (in Korean). from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ "'대통령 전용기' 현 기종 임차 1년 연장…2021년 교체" (in Korean). JTBC News. September 29, 2019. from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air Mulling 'Large' Widebody Jet Order for Expansion". Bloomberg. October 19, 2018. from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- ^ "Korean Air widebody order "imminent", eyes more A220s". Ch-Aviation. June 11, 2019. from the original on June 12, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- ^ "Korean ponders move for new freighters". FlightGlobal. June 22, 2022.
- ^ "Korean ponders move for new freighters". Air Cargo News. June 23, 2022.
- ^ "On-Board / Classes of Service". Korean Air. from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ "조원태 대한항공 사장 "프리미엄 이코노미석 도입 검토"" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. December 27, 2017. from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ "Korean Air Introducing Premium Economy Seating to Its Fleet". Rus Tourism News. December 28, 2017. from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ "대한항공, 내달 10일부터 '이코노미 플러스석' 폐지" (in Korean). Yonhap News Agency. May 22, 2019. from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ "대한항공, 6월10일부터 '이코노미 플러스석' 폐지···예매 고객 '차액 환불'" (in Korean). The Asian. May 23, 2019. from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
- ^ Journal, Bruce StanleyStaff Reporter of The Wall Street (January 9, 2006). "Korean Air Bucks Tradition To Fix Problems". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
- ^ See Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers (2008), pp. 177–223 for a discussion of this turnaround in airline safety. Gladwell notes (p. 180) that the hull-loss rate for the airline was 4.79 per million departures, a full 17 times greater than United Airlines which at the same time had a loss rate of just 0.27 per million departures.
- ^ a b Stanley, Bruce (January 9, 2006). "Korean Air Bucks Tradition To Fix Problems". wsj.com. The Wall Street Journal. from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
- ^ "Korean Air Flt 801 - Official Guam Crash Site Information Web Center". ns.gov.gu. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ . CNN. Archived from the original on March 6, 2005. Retrieved March 6, 2005.
- ^ Gargan, Edward A. (August 7, 1997). "For Relatives Of Victims, Anger Adds To Anguish". Retrieved February 5, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ "Controlled Flight Into Terrain, Korean Air Flight 801, Boeing 747-300, HL7468, Nimitz Hill, Guam, August 6, 1997" (PDF). ntsb.gov. Washington D.C.: National Transportation Safety Board. January 13, 2000. NTSB/AAR-00/01. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
- ^ Coleman, Joseph (August 13, 1997). "Guam Crash Aftermath Upsets Kin". The Seattle Times. Associated Press.
- ^ "Korean Air resumes service to Guam for the first time in 4 years." Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Friday December 28, 2001. Retrieved on April 29, 2009.
- ^ Wiechmann, Lori. "Last member of Atlanta family on downed Korean jet dies[permanent dead link]." Athens Daily News. August 12, 1997. Retrieved on July 1, 2011.
- ^ "Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509 incident report". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ "Report on the accident to Boeing 747-2B5F, HL-7451 near London Stansted Airport on 22 December 1999" (PDF). Air Accident Investigation Branch. June 2003. (PDF) from the original on June 8, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A330-322 HL7525 Mactan-Cebu International Airport (CEB)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
External links
- Official website
- Business data for Korean Air:
- Bloomberg
- Reuters
- Yahoo!