Raleigh–Durham International Airport

"Durham Airport" redirects here. For the UK airport, see Teesside International Airport.

Raleigh–Durham International Airport (IATA: RDU, ICAO: KRDU, FAA LID: RDU), locally known by its IATA code RDU, is an international airport that serves Raleigh, Durham, and the surrounding Research Triangle region of North Carolina as its main airport. It is located in unincorporated Wake County, but is surrounded by the city of Raleigh to the north and east, and the towns of Cary and Morrisville to the south. The airport covers 5,000 acres (20 km²) and has three runways.^[2][3]

Raleigh–Durham International Airport
IATA: RDU ICAO: KRDU FAA LID: RDU
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner/Operator	Raleigh–Durham Airport Authority
Serves	The Research Triangle Metropolitan Region of North Carolina
Location	Cedar Fork Township, Wake County, North Carolina, U.S.
Focus city for	Delta Air Lines
Operating base for	Avelo Airlines
Elevation AMSL	436 ft / 133 m
Coordinates	35°52′40″N 078°47′15″W / 35.87778°N 78.78750°W / 35.87778; -78.78750
Website	rdu.com
Maps
FAA airport diagram
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 05L/23R 10,000 3,048 Concrete 05R/23L 7,500 2,286 Asphalt 14/32 3,570 1,088 Asphalt 05L/23R 10,639 3,243 Under Construction
Statistics (2023)
Total Passengers 14,523,996 Aircraft movements 216,081 Air Cargo (lbs.) 202,642,566
Sources: RDU website^[1]

As of 2024, RDU offers nonstop passenger service to 59 domestic destinations and 10 international destinations with more than 500 average daily aircraft movements.^[4] The RDU Airport Authority is in charge of the airport facilities and operations and is controlled by a board of representatives from the counties of Wake and Durham and the cities of Raleigh and Durham.^[5]

Raleigh–Durham International Airport is the second-largest airport in the state of North Carolina, behind Charlotte Douglas International Airport. It is an operating base for Avelo Airlines and a focus city for Delta Air Lines.

In 2023, RDU served a record of 14,523,996 passengers which broke the airports record of 14.2 million passengers set in 2019. Joining the existing international network, RDU announced service to Frankfurt, Mexico City, and Panama City to begin in 2024.

History

Founding

 

Early view of Raleigh–Durham Airport

The region's first airport opened in 1929 as Raleigh's Municipal Airport, south of town at 35°44′06″N 78°39′22″W / 35.735°N 78.656°W / 35.735; -78.656. It was quickly outgrown, and in 1939 the North Carolina General Assembly chartered the Raleigh–Durham Aeronautical Authority to build and operate a larger airport between Raleigh and Durham. This was promoted by Eastern Air Lines, led by then chairman Eddie Rickenbacker, who wanted to make RDU a stop on the airline's New York–Miami route.

The new Raleigh–Durham Airport opened on May 1, 1943, with flights by Eastern Airlines. The passenger terminal was built from materials remaining after the construction of four barracks for the Army Air Forces Air Technical Service Command airfield.^[6] The three runways the airport had in 1951 are still visible on the southeast side of the airport: 4500-ft runway 5, 4500-ft runway 18 and 4490-ft runway 14.

After World War II, Capital Airlines joined Eastern at RDU; Piedmont Airlines arrived in 1948. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 36 departures a day: twenty Eastern, eight Capital and eight Piedmont. Nonstop flights did not reach beyond Washington, Atlanta, or the Appalachians (but Eastern started a Super Constellation nonstop to Newark in 1958). The next airline (aside from United's takeover of Capital in 1961) was Delta Air Lines in 1970. In April 1969, nonstops didn't reach beyond New York or Atlanta, and Chicago was the only nonstop west of the Appalachians. RDU's first scheduled jets were Eastern 727s in 1965.

In the 1970s, the last decade before airline deregulation, Piedmont connected RDU to Charlotte, Greensboro, New Bern, Norfolk, Richmond, Rocky Mount, Washington, Wilmington and Winston-Salem.^[7] United flew to Asheville, Charlotte, Huntsville and Newark,^[8] while Eastern flew to Atlanta, Charlotte, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, Richmond and Washington,^[9] and Delta flew to Chicago and Greensboro.^[10]

After deregulation, Allegheny Airlines arrived in 1979, and by 1985 Trans World Airlines, American Airlines, Ozark Air Lines, People Express, New York Air and Pan Am had all put in appearances.

Hub years

American built a terminal at RDU between 1985 and 1987 to house a new hub, and flew to 38 cities when the hub started in June 1987.^[11] The December 1987 timetable shows AA nonstops to 36 airports and American Eagle prop nonstops to 18 more. American later flew to London-Gatwick and Paris-Orly.^[12] The RDU hub operated at a loss even during its heyday in the early 1990s, like the hub AA had at Nashville.^[13] American's December 1992 timetable, around the time of the hub's peak, showed 211 daily departures to 64 destinations, almost all in the eastern United States (the westernmost destinations being American's hubs at Dallas/Fort Worth and Chicago–O'Hare).^[14] The hub faced intense competition from Delta and Eastern in Atlanta and from USAir in Charlotte, as well as the short-lived Continental hub in Greensboro that opened in 1993.^[15] American began to consider closing the hub in late 1993; operations were reduced until June 1995 when American closed the hub.^[14][15]

American retained a daily nonstop flight to London, which continued to operate until the COVID-19 pandemic and resumed in 2022.^[16][17][18] The RDU-London route was originally launched based on a purchasing commitment from GlaxoSmithKline, which has major offices at both ends of the route; however, the route is no longer dependent on GSK for revenue.^[19]

Midway Airlines replaced AA as the airport's hub carrier from 1995 until 2003.^[20] In 1995, Midway had flights to Boston, Hartford, Long Island, Newark, Newburgh, New York, Philadelphia and Washington in the Northeast, and to Fort Lauderdale, Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa and West Palm Beach in Florida.^[21] American subleased its gates at RDU to Midway in order to repay $113 million in American-guaranteed bonds which had been used to construct the hub facilities.^[22] Midway suspended service for some time after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and ceased operations in 2002, filing for bankruptcy in 2003.

Recent history

 

RDU Airport structure

RDU's post-hub years have brought the addition of new carriers and destinations, notably discount carriers such as Allegiant Air, Southwest Airlines and Frontier Airlines. Because of the economic downturn and high fuel prices in 2008, American ended most point to point flights it operated out of the airport. Several mainline flights were also dropped and service to other cities was reduced or downgraded. Other airlines also cut flights and destinations including United Airlines and US Airways. Also in 2008, the airport was modernized; the current rebuilt Terminal 2 opened, on the site of the old Terminal C that was built in 1987. The rebuilt was completed in 2011, and was designed by Fentress Architects.^[23][24]

By 2010, RDU's traffic began to recover. In the first few months of the year, passenger numbers stabilized at RDU, ending the decrease the airport experienced in 2008 and 2009. In the first four months of 2010, 2.7 million passengers traveled through RDU.^[25] Growth was flat compared to the same period a year before, but these signs were positive indicating that the decline was over. Airlines at RDU began to add new services to the schedule with both legacy and low-cost carriers significantly increasing service since the early 2010s.

Delta Air Lines maintains a focus city operation at RDU, which it decided to maintain in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the area's strong economy and lack of a dominant network carrier.^[26]

In November 2022, Avelo Airlines announced the opening of an operating base at Raleigh-Durham. The airline anticipates to have as many as 7 aircraft in the first 2 years and 50 crew members in the first year based at RDU. In a route announcement in March 2023, the airline announced a second aircraft was coming to RDU, as well as 35 additional jobs.

Future

The Vision 2040 Master Plan details several major improvements that are aimed to be made by 2040. Proposed in 2017 by the RDU Airport Authority, the plan calls for major additions and renovations of current facilities at the airport. This includes the construction of a consolidated rental car facility, an on-site hotel, expansion of parking lots, expansion of both terminals, improvements to the taxiway layout, and the replacement of both runways. The proposal included lengthening runway 5R/23L to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) and rebuilding runway 5L/23R to a length of 11,500 feet (3,500 m) just northwest of its current position. The existing runway 5L/23R will become a taxiway for the new runway. After modifying the planned runway length multiple times, the FAA authorized the construction of the new runway on September 5, 2023.^[27] The construction of RDU's new 5L/23R runway began on October 11, 2023. The new runway will be built at a length of 10,639 feet (3,243 m) and is anticipated to be finished in 5 years.^[28]

In June 2023, the Airport Authority Board approved an agreement to advance the planning process for terminal 1 expansion to allow for future growth as RDU reached new passenger traffic records and destinations served. RDU is also planning on expanding their customs and border patrol center to accommodate for the increase of international flights at RDU.^[29]

Facilities

 

RDU Airport interior

Terminals

The airport contains two terminals with a total of 45 gates.^[30] The two terminals do not have an airside connection; passengers moving between the terminals may ride a shuttle bus or take the moving walkway through the covered parking decks between the terminals. All non-pre–cleared international flights are processed in Terminal 2. All arriving international flights arrive from gates C22, C23, C24 and C25. They are then funneled to the Customs and Border Patrol near baggage claim. International arrivals can then exit the Customs and Border Patrol center and exit towards baggage claim and the exit. All departing international flights report to their airlines check-in and proceed through TSA. They then go to either gate C22, C23, C24, and C25. If passengers are traveling to London via American they can use the American Airlines Admirals located next to gate C4, C5.^[30] Both terminals are additionally served by GoTriangle's 100 and RDU Shuttle routes.

• Terminal 1 contains 9 gates, A1-A9. It is primarily used by Avelo, Southwest, and Spirit.^[30]
• Terminal 2 contains 36 gates, C1-C25 and D1-D20. Terminal 2 is the only terminal at RDU that hosts international arrivals, utilizing gates C22–C25. Aeroméxico Connect, Air Canada, Air France, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Bahamasair, Breeze Airways, Copa Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, Icelandair, JetBlue, Sun Country and United fly from Terminal 2.^[30]

Cargo areas

The airport incorporates two cargo areas, North Cargo and South Cargo.^[31] The North Cargo terminal area is used by cargo airlines. The largest cargo operators are FedEx and UPS. The South Cargo terminal area is used by commercial airlines for cargo operations.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations	Refs
Aeroméxico Connect	Mexico City (begins July 1, 2024)^[32]	^[33]
Air Canada Express	Toronto–Pearson Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau	^[34]
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle	^[35]
Alaska Airlines	Seattle/Tacoma	^[36]
American Airlines	Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Washington–National Seasonal: Cancún	^[37]
American Eagle	Austin, Cincinnati, Miami, Nashville, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Washington–National Seasonal: Chicago–O'Hare	^[37]
Avelo Airlines	Albany (begins May 10, 2024),^[38] Fort Myers, Manchester (NH), New Haven (CT), Rochester (NY) Seasonal: West Palm Beach	^[39]
Bahamasair	Freeport	^[40]
Breeze Airways	Akron/Canton,^[41] Columbus–Glenn, Hartford, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, Providence, San Diego (begins April 30, 2024),^[42] Tampa Seasonal: Burlington (VT) (begins May 23, 2024),^[43] Fort Myers, Jacksonville (FL), Long Island/Islip, Louisville, Portland (ME) (begins May 24, 2024),^[43] Syracuse (begins May 23, 2024),^[43] White Plains (begins May 3, 2024)^[44]	^[45]
Copa Airlines	Panama City–Tocumen (begins June 21, 2024)^[46]	^[47]
Delta Air Lines	Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa Seasonal: Cancún	^[48]
Delta Connection	Austin, Boston, Cincinnati, Nashville, Newark, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Washington–National Seasonal: Fort Lauderdale, Miami	^[48]
Frontier Airlines	Atlanta, Boston (resumes April 10, 2024),^[49] Chicago–O'Hare (begins April 11, 2024),^[49] Denver, Miami (resumes April 10, 2024),^[49] New York–LaGuardia (begins April 10, 2024),^[49] Orlando, Philadelphia, San Juan, Tampa (resumes April 10, 2024)^[49] Seasonal: Buffalo, Chicago–Midway, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Hartford, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Long Island/Islip, New Orleans, Milwaukee (resumes May 16, 2024),^[49]^[50] Pittsburgh (begins May 17, 2024),^[51] Portland (ME), Syracuse	^[52]
Icelandair	Reykjavík–Keflavík	^[53]
JetBlue	Boston, Cancún, Fort Lauderdale, New York–JFK, Orlando, San Juan	^[54]
Lufthansa	Frankfurt (begins June 6, 2024)^[55]	^[56]
Southwest Airlines	Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Dallas–Love, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Houston–Hobby, Nashville, Orlando, St. Louis, Tampa Seasonal: Kansas City, Las Vegas, New Orleans, Phoenix–Sky Harbor	^[57]
Spirit Airlines	Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Orlando	^[58]
Sun Country Airlines	Seasonal: Minneapolis/St. Paul	^[59]
United Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles	^[60]
United Express	Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, Washington–Dulles Seasonal: Chicago–O'Hare	^[60]

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations	Refs
FedEx Express	Indianapolis, Memphis Seasonal: Atlanta, Greensboro, Harrisburg, Newark
FedEx Feeder	New Bern, Wilmington (NC)
Quest Diagnostics	Charter: Concord, Reading	^[61]^[62]
UPS Airlines	Louisville, Manteo/Dare County, New Bern, Ontario, Wilmington (NC) Seasonal: Atlanta, Charlotte, Edenton, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Jacksonville (NC), Orlando	^[63]

Statistics

Top domestic destinations

Busiest domestic routes from RDU (December 2022 – November 2023)^[64]

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Atlanta, Georgia	684,000	Delta, Frontier, Southwest
2	Charlotte, North Carolina	471,000	American
3	Orlando, Florida	394,000	Avelo, Delta, Frontier, Southwest, Spirit
4	New York-JFK, New York	320,000	American, Delta, JetBlue
5	Denver, Colorado	301,000	Frontier, Southwest, United
6	New York–LaGuardia, New York	291,000	American, Delta
7	Boston, Massachusetts	284,000	Delta, JetBlue
8	Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	280,000	American, Frontier
9	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	278,000	American, United
10	Newark, New Jersey	272,000	Delta, United

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at RDU airport. See Wikidata query.

Airline market share

Largest airlines at RDU (December 2022 – November 2023)^[65]

Rank	Airline	Passengers	Share
1	Delta Air Lines	2,926,000	21.50%
2	American Airlines	2,802,000	20.59%
3	Southwest Airlines	2,016,000	14.82%
4	United Airlines	1,573,000	11.56%
5	Frontier Airlines	1,101,000	8.09%
	Other	3,191,000	23.45%

Accidents and incidents

• On January 2, 1953, a USAF Douglas C-47 crashed near RDU attempting to land with rain and low visibility after diverting from Pope AFB in Fayetteville. The aircraft crashed nearly two miles south of the airport in Crabtree Park. Three out of the four occupants died.^[66]
• On Wednesday, November 12, 1975, Eastern Air Lines Flight 576, a Boeing 727-225, crashed while attempting to land on runway 23 (now runway 23 Left). The aircraft hit the ground 282 feet (86 m) short of the runway and bounced back into the air before coming down on the runway and sliding 4,150 feet (1,260 m) down the runway, stopping where the south end of Terminal 1 is today. Of the 139 persons on the flight, eight were injured, one seriously. The NTSB investigation initially blamed the crash on "the pilot's failure to execute a missed approach when he lost sight of the runway environment in heavy rain below decision height." The accident report and probable cause were later revised to include the influence of undetected wind shear.^[67] The aircraft (Boeing 727-225, N8838E) sustained major damage and was moved to an area on the north end of closed runway 18. A temporary structure was built around the aircraft which was eventually repaired and returned to service.
• On December 31, 1986, a passenger aboard United Airlines Flight 1502 was wounded after a local hunter fired his rifle from the ground into the airframe of the landing aircraft. Robert Raymond Proulx, fired a bullet through the fuselage wounding a passenger (Barry Rollins) in the thigh and the cheek as the projectile ricocheted inside the cabin.^[68][69][70]
• On February 19, 1988, AVAir Flight 3378, a Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner was on a regularly scheduled flight between Raleigh and Richmond operating for American Eagle when it crashed into a reservoir about a mile from the airport in the vicinity of Cary. The aircraft had departed during low ceiling, low visibility and night conditions. Analysis of radar data indicated the aircraft was in a 45-degree descending turn. Both crew members and all 10 passengers were killed. It was revealed during the investigation that the pilot had complained of illness but decided to continue the flight.
• On December 13, 1994, American Eagle Flight 3379 operated by AMR's regional airline Flagship Airlines,^[71] a Jetstream 31 was on a regularly scheduled service of Raleigh–Greensboro–Raleigh when it crashed into a wooded area about 4 miles (6.4 km) SW of the airport, in the vicinity of Morrisville. Of the 20 onboard (18 passengers and two crewmembers) 15 were killed while the five survivors received serious injuries. The probable cause of the crash was the pilot not following proper procedure when it came to an engine failure situation.^[72]
• On July 31, 2000, a Win Win Aviation de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashed on approach nearly two miles SSW of RDU on a positioning flight due to fog and darkness. The pilot was not instrument rated to fly in bad weather. One crewmember out of the three occupants died.^[73]
• On October 20, 2019, a Piper PA-32 crashed in a wooded area of Umstead State Park on approach to runway 32. Both occupants of the plane died.^[74]
• On July 29, 2022, a CASA C-212 Aviocar from Raeford West Airport made an emergency landing and subsequently slid off runway 23L due to its lack of right landing gear. On approach, the 23-year old co-pilot, Charles Hew Crooks, exited the plane over Fuquay-Varina and subsequently died. The pilot was transported to the hospital with minor injuries as the result of a rough landing.^[75][76]

See also

•  Aviation portal

• List of airports in North Carolina
• List of the busiest airports in the United States
• North Carolina World War II Army Airfields

References

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raleigh-Durham International Airport.

• Raleigh–Durham International Airport
• RDU Aircraft Noise Program
• RDU Parking
• "Raleigh–Durham International Airport – RDU" (PDF). at North Carolina DOT airport guide
• FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective January 25, 2024
• FAA Terminal Procedures for RDU, effective January 25, 2024
• Resources for this airport:
  • AirNav airport information for KRDU
  • ASN accident history for RDU
  • FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
  • NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
  • SkyVector aeronautical chart for KRDU
  • FAA current RDU delay information