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Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

April 11, 2023

"Schiphol" redirects here. For the railway station, see Schiphol Airport railway station.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (IATA: AMS, ICAO: EHAM), known informally as Schiphol Airport (Dutch: Luchthaven Schiphol, pronounced [ˌlʏxtɦaːvə(n) ˈsxɪp(ɦ)ɔl; sxɪpˈɦɔl]),[a] is the main international airport of the Netherlands.[7] It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi)[5] southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province of North Holland. It is the world's third busiest airport by international passenger traffic in 2021. With almost 72 million passengers in 2019, it is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movements. With an annual cargo tonnage of 1.74 million, it is the 4th busiest in Europe. AMS covers a total area of 6,887 acres (10.761 sq mi; 2,787 ha) of land.[2] The airport is built on the single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three departure halls.

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

Koninklijke Luchthaven Schiphol
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorRoyal Schiphol Group
ServesGreater Amsterdam
LocationHaarlemmermeer, Netherlands
Opened16 September 1916; 106 years ago (1916-09-16)
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL−11 ft / −3 m
Coordinates52°18′00″N 4°45′54″E / 52.3000°N 4.7650°E / 52.3000; 4.7650Coordinates: 52°18′00″N 4°45′54″E / 52.3000°N 4.7650°E / 52.3000; 4.7650
Websitewww.schiphol.nl
Map
AMS/EHAM
Location within Greater Amsterdam
AMS/EHAM
Location in North Holland
AMS/EHAM
Location in the Netherlands
AMS/EHAM
Location in Europe
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
18R/36L 'Polderbaan' 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
06/24 'Kaagbaan' 3,500 11,483 Asphalt
09/27 'Buitenveldertbaan' 3,453 11,329 Asphalt
18L/36R 'Aalsmeerbaan' 3,400 11,155 Asphalt
18C/36C 'Zwanenburgbaan' 3,300 10,827 Asphalt
04/22 'Oostbaan' 2,014 6,608 Asphalt
Statistics (2022)
Passengers52,472,188
Aircraft movements266,967
Freight (tonnes)1,667,304
Economic impact (2016)$27.3 billion[1]
Land area2,787 ha[2]

Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines, Martinair, Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands. The airport also serves as a base for EasyJet.

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war, the airfield was soon rebuilt. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. Schiphol Airport was voted the Best Airport in Western Europe in 2020.[8]

Etymology

According to the airport's media department,[9] the name of Schiphol originated in the 15th century. In the Gothic language, it indicated an area of low lying wetland ("hol" or "holl") where wood (scip) could be extracted. However, Gothic has never been spoken in the Netherlands.

Description

Schiphol Airport ranked as Europe's third busiest and the world's eleventh busiest by total passenger traffic in 2017 (12th in 2016, 14th in 2015, 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage. A record 71,706,999 passengers passed through the airport in 2019.[10] Schiphol's main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London-Heathrow, Frankfurt, Madrid, Paris–Charles de Gaulle and Istanbul. In 2019, 70.5% of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe, 10.6% to and from North America and 10.1% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (46.3%) and North America (17.6%).[10] In 2019, 102 carriers provided a total of 332 destinations on a regular basis.[10]

The airport is built as one large terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is not considered a separate building. A new pier is to be opened in 2019 with a terminal extension planned to be operational by 2023. Plans for further terminal and gate expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept.

Because of intense traffic and high landing fees (due to the limit of 500,000 flights a year), some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet and Ryanair, however, continue to operate at Schiphol, using the low-cost H pier. Lelystad Airport is currently being expanded aimed at accommodating some of the low-cost and leisure flights currently operating out of Schiphol, eventually taking up to 45,000 flights a year.[11]

To combat noise and pollution complaints from the community in Schiphol, Amsterdam Airport is advocating for a prohibition on private jets, with the aim of minimizing noise and environmental pollution. The airport intends to restrict takeoffs between midnight and 6 a.m. and landing between midnight and 5 a.m. Furthermore, it seeks to ban loud aircraft like jets.[12]

History

Early years

 
A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933
 
The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960
 
Airplanes and service vehicles on the apron in 1965

Before 1852, the entire polder of Haarlemmermeer in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas. There are multiple stories of how the place got its name. The most popular story is that in the shallow waters sudden violent storms could claim many ships. Winds were particularly strong in the Schiphol area since the prevailing wind direction is from the south-west, and Schiphol lies in the north-eastern corner of the lake. In English, schiphol translates to 'ship hole', a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake. When the lake was reclaimed, however, no shipwrecks were found. Another possible origin of the name is the word scheepshaal. A scheepshaal is a ditch[clarification needed] or small canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another. A third explanation would be that the name derived from the words schip hol. This is a low-lying area of land (hol) from where wood would be obtained to build ships.[13]

After the lake was dredged in the mid-1800s, a fortification named Fort Schiphol was built in the area which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works.[14]

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, with a few barracks and a field serving as platform[clarification needed] and runways. When civil aircraft started to use the field (17 December 1920), it was often called Schiphol-les-bains. The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919.[15] The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely.

By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020 m (3,350 ft) or less. One was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at 52°18′43″N 4°48′00″E / 52.312°N 4.800°E / 52.312; 4.800. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. A large number of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek, Vijfhuizen, and Vogelenzang to try to confuse Allied bombers. A railway connection was also built. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively; an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field, until the Germans themselves destroyed the remnants of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden. At the end of the war, the airfield was quickly restored: the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3, landed on 8 July 1945.[16]

A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for the growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Schiphol expanded even further with a new terminal area at its current location. Most of the 1967 terminal is still in use today (Departure Halls 1 and 2) as are parts of the original piers (now called C, D, and E). Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport, well known for its clear writing and thorough colour-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used.[17] The new terminal building replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-Pier (now C-pier) of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to use the boarding gates. A new pier (D, now called F) opened in 1977, dedicated to handling wide-body aircraft. The first railway station at the airport followed in 1978.

Development since the 1990s

 
Map showing the six runways of Schiphol
 
Queues to the security control in June 2022

The construction of a new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport as it was further expanded. Departure Hall 3 was added to the terminal in 1993, as was another pier, G-pier. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar.[18] A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway bridge crossing the A5 motorway. The distance of this runway means that taxi times to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes. It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield.[19]

On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The robbers used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros, making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever.[20]

Later in 2005, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident.[21] Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister Piet Hein Donner (CDA) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister Sybilla Dekker (VVD) resigned as well, because she bore responsibility for safety failings cited in the report.[22]

In Summer 2022, the airport suffered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation. It experienced extraordinary long delays and a large number of cancelled flights, which led to recession of air traffic and subsequently to the shortage of security staff and walkout of baggage handlers.[23] Queues for security check in were reported to last for 5 hours, and many passengers missed their flights.[24] The CEO of Schiphol Group, Dick Benschop, was forced to resign.[25]

Infrastructure

Terminal

 
The main entry of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.
 
Check-in hall interior at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.
 
KLM Cargo Boeing 747-400ERF on the Taxiway Bridge crossing the Highway A4 E19.
 
Schiphol Tower

Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza, Schiphol Plaza. The terminal is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2 and 3. The piers and concourses of each hall are connected so that it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk between piers and halls, although border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas.

Schiphol Airport has approximately 223[26] boarding gates including eighteen double jetway gates used for widebody aircraft. The airport adopted a distinctive design, with the second jetway extending over the aircraft wing hanging from a steel cantilever structure. Recent refurbishments have seen most of these jetways being replaced with a more conventional layout. Two gates feature a third jetway for handling of the Airbus A380. Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai–Amsterdam service.[27] During the summer, China Southern Airlines also uses the A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route.

Schiphol has large shopping areas as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza not only connects the three terminal halls but also houses other facilities. This is a large pre-security shopping centre and the Schiphol Airport railway station. These facilities are also attracting general visitors.

Notable public artworks in the airport include the Schiphol clock by Maarten Baas, in which a man behind a translucent screen appears to paint the minutes of an analog clock by hand.[28]

Departure Hall 1

Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C, both of which are dedicated Schengen areas and shares D-pier with Departure hall 2. Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates.

Departure Hall 2

Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E.

Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels. The lower floor houses non-Schengen flights and the upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D-59; non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-57.

Pier E is a dedicated non-Schengen area and has 14 gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM, along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines. Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as Air Astana, EVA Air, Etihad Airways and Iran Air also typically operate out of Pier E.

Departure Hall 3

Departure Hall 3 consists of three piers: F, G, and H/M. Pier F has 8 gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya Airways, China Airlines and China Southern Airlines, and other members. Pier G has 13 gates. Piers F and G are non-Schengen areas.

Piers H and M are physically one concourse consisting of 7 shared gates and are home to low-cost airlines. Operating completely separately, H handles non-Schengen flights while M is dedicated to flights within the Schengen area.

A380

Gates G9, E18 and E24 (E24 refurbished in 2019) are equipped to handle daily Airbus A380 service by Emirates and China Southern Airlines.[29]

General aviation terminal

A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center. The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000 m2 (65,000 sq ft); 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) for office space and 1,000 m2 (11,000 sq ft) for parking.[30]

Other facilities

The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art.[31] Admission to the exhibits is free.

In summer 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country's history and culture. The 89.9 m2 (968 sq ft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device.[32]

For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100, modified to be a viewing exhibit.[33] Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport.

Schiphol has its own mortuary, where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival. Since October 2006, people can also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol.[34]

Schiphol also has a new state-of-the-art cube-shaped Hilton Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 433 rooms, rounded corners and diamond-shaped windows. The spacious atrium has a 41 m-high (135 ft) ceiling made of glass and is in the heart of the building. A covered walkway connects the hotel directly to the terminal. The hotel was completed in 2015.[35]

Future expansions

Pier A

In 2012, Schiphol Group announced an expansion of Schiphol, featuring a new pier.[36] Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1, which already has Pier B (14 gates) and Pier C (21 gates). The new Pier A will have 5 narrow-body gates and will initially have 3 wide-body gates, with two more planned for a later phase.[37] The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2023. The expansions will cost about 500 million euros.

First, the new Pier A will be built to the southwest of Pier B, in an area currently used as a freight platform. Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe.[38]

Originally expected to be operational by the end of 2019, the construction of the new pier has been delayed several times and due to a conflict between the airport and the construction consortium the construction was halted in November 2021. Schiphol was disappointed in the construction speed and the rising of the total cost, although insiders announced that a design flaw was made and the entire construction needed to be reinforced. A new tendering procedure will be started to find a new constructor, once found a new completion date will be announced.[39]

Fourth terminal

To handle future growth in passengers, Schiphol will further expand the terminal and build a fourth terminal with facilities for both departures and arrivals. From this new building, direct access will be made to Schiphol Plaza, continuing the one-terminal concept. When finished in 2023, Schiphol will be able to handle over 70 million passengers.[40] Due to rapid growth of Schengen passengers during 2016, Schiphol was however forced to rapidly build a temporary departure hall which opened in March 2017.[41] Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the construction of the fourth terminal has been postponed for at least two years.[42]

Uniform platform

The airport has expended the number of uniform platforms, places to stow airplanes, in the past years in two phases. A third phase is planned to extend the number of wide-body platforms to a total of 12, with a planned completion in the period 2022–2026.[43]

Public transportation

Schiphol, together with the public transport authority Amsterdam, is going to transform its train- and bus station. The train station will be getting more entrances and the bus station will be completely renewed with a planned opening date in 2025.[44] A connection to the Amsterdam Metro network has been a subject of discussion and speculation since at least the 1990s. In preparation for this, a piece of land has been acquired from Chipshol.[45] As of 2022, the project hadn't moved past the proposal stage.[46][47]

Airlines

Schiphol's growth is hampered by slot restrictions from the government. For reasons of safety and noise reduction, Schiphol is allowed to have no more than 500,000 aircraft movements until the end of 2020.[48] A proposal to increase the limit to 540,000 movements from 2021 onwards has been postponed until a new government is formed after the elections in March 2021.[needs update][49] As Schiphol nearly approached the limit of 500,000 in the last few years, the slot restrictions have hindered airlines to settle at Schiphol. Among airlines that have expressed interest in flying at Schiphol are Atlantic Airways,[50] JetBlue,[51] Somon Air[52] and SpiceJet.[53]

Tower

The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with a height of 101 m (331 ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991. Schiphol is geographically one of the world's lowest major commercial airports. The entire airport is below sea level. The lowest point sits at 3.4 m (11 ft) below sea level: 1.4 m (4.5 ft) below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP). The runways are around 3 m (9.8 ft) below NAP.[54][55]

Runways

 
All the airport's six runways viewed from an aeroplane taking off at dawn.

Schiphol has six runways, one of which is used mainly by general aviation.[5] The airport covers a total area of 6,887 acres (2,787 ha) of land.[2]

Number Runway direction/code Length Width Common name Namesake Surface Notes
1 18R/36L 3,800 m
12,467 ft		 60 m
197 ft		 Polderbaan Decided via contest. Polder is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water. Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder. Asphalt Newest runway, opened in 2003. Own control tower.
Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population. Takeoffs only northbound and landings only southbound. The nearest end is located 5 km (3.1 mi) from the terminal building, and aircraft have a lengthy 15-minute taxi to and from the terminal.
2 06/24 3,500 m
11,483 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Kaagbaan Named after Kaag, a small village which lies beyond the southwest end of the runway. Asphalt Opened in 1960. The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008.[56]
3 09/27 3,453 m
11,329 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Buitenveldertbaan Named after Buitenveldert, a neighbourhood of Amsterdam that lies under its approach. Asphalt Opened in 1967. El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer.[57]
4 18L/36R 3,400 m
11,155 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Aalsmeerbaan Named after the town of Aalsmeer which lies beyond the end of the runway. Asphalt Opened in 1950.
5 18C/36C 3,300 m
10,826 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Zwanenburgbaan Named after the village of Zwanenburg that lies under its approach. Asphalt Opened in 1968. El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport.[57]
6 04/22 2,014 m
6,608 ft		 45 m
148 ft		 Oostbaan Most eastern of all runways ("oost" is Dutch for "east"). Asphalt Opened in 1945. Primarily used for general aviation traffic.[5] In October 2010 a Boeing 737–400 of Corendon Airlines overran the short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud.[58]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines[59]Athens
Aer Lingus[60]Cork, Dublin
Aeroméxico[61]Mexico City
Air Arabia[62]Fès, Nador, Tangier
Air Astana[63]Atyrau
Air Cairo[64]Seasonal charter: Hurghada[65]
Air Canada[66]Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau (begins 2 June 2023)[67]
Air Europa[68]Madrid
Air France[69]Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Seasonal: Marseille
Air Malta[70]Malta
Air Serbia[71]Belgrade
Air Transat[72]Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau,[73] Toronto–Pearson
airBaltic[74]Riga, Tallinn, Tampere,[75] Vilnius
Amelia International[76] Strasbourg[77]
American Airlines[78]Philadelphia
Seasonal: Dallas/Fort Worth
AnadoluJet[79]Ankara, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Arkia[80]Tel Aviv
Austrian Airlines[81]Vienna
British Airways[82]London–City, London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow
Bulgaria Air[83]Sofia
Cathay Pacific[84]Hong Kong
China Airlines[85]Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines[86]Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Airlines[87]Beijing–Daxing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen[88]
Corendon Dutch Airlines[89]Antalya, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Hurghada, Lanzarote, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Alghero, Alicante, Banjul, Bodrum, Burgas, Catania, Corfu, Dalaman, Enfidha, Ercan, Faro, Gazipaşa (begins 23 April 2023),[90][91] Heraklion, Ibiza, İzmir, Kos, Málaga, Mytilene, Natal, Ohrid, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza, Rhodes, Sal, Trapani, Zakynthos
Seasonal charter: Kittilä, Rovaniemi
Croatia Airlines[92]Zagreb
Seasonal: Split[93]
Delta Air Lines[94]Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Portland (OR),[95] Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: Orlando
easyJet[96]Alicante, Basel/Mulhouse, Belfast–International, Bergamo, Berlin, Birmingham, Bristol, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Faro, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Glasgow, Gran Canaria, Lisbon, Liverpool, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, London–Stansted, Málaga, Manchester, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Naples, Nice, Prague, Tel Aviv, Venice
Seasonal: Catania, Corfu, Dubrovnik, Hurghada, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Jersey, Kefalonia, Lanzarote, London–Southend (begins 24 May 2023),[97] Marrakech, Mykonos (begins 28 June 2023),[98] Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Pisa,[99] Pula, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm El Sheikh, Split, Tenerife–South, Zadar
Egyptair[100]Cairo
El Al[101]Tel Aviv
Emirates[102]Dubai–International
Etihad Airways[103]Abu Dhabi
Eurowings[104]Hamburg, Stuttgart
EVA Air[105]Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Taipei–Taoyuan
Finnair[106]Helsinki
FlyErbil[107] Erbil
FlyOne Chișinău[108]
Garuda Indonesia[109]Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Georgian Airways[110]Tbilisi
Iberia Express[111]Madrid
Icelandair[112]Reykjavík–Keflavík
ITA Airways[113]Milan–Linate, Rome–Fiumicino
Kenya Airways[114]Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
KLM[115]Aalborg, Aarhus, Aberdeen, Abu Dhabi, Accra, Ålesund, Alicante, Aruba, Athens, Atlanta, Austin, Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Basel/Mulhouse, Beijing–Capital, Belfast–City, Belgrade, Bergen, Berlin, Bilbao, Billund, Birmingham, Bogotá, Bologna, Bonaire, Bordeaux, Boston, Bremen, Bristol, Brussels, Bucharest, Budapest, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cagliari, Calgary, Cape Town, Cardiff, Cartagena, Catania, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Cork, Curaçao, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Denpasar, Dresden, Dubai–International, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Edmonton, Entebbe, Florence, Fortaleza, Frankfurt, Gdańsk, Geneva, Genoa, Glasgow, Gothenburg, Graz, Guayaquil, Hamburg, Hanover, Helsinki, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Humberside, Inverness, Istanbul, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Katowice, Kigali, Kilimanjaro, Kraków, Kristiansand, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait, Kyiv–Boryspil (suspended),[116] Lagos, Las Vegas, Leeds/Bradford, Lima, Linköping, Lisbon, London–City, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, Lyon, Madrid, Málaga, Manchester, Manila, Marseille, Mexico City, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montpellier, Montréal–Trudeau, Mumbai, Munich, Muscat, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nantes, Naples, Newcastle upon Tyne, New York–JFK, Nice, Norwich, Nuremberg, Osaka–Kansai, Oslo, Panama City–Tocumen, Paramaribo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Port of Spain, Porto, Poznań, Prague, Quito, Rennes, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, Sandefjord, San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Sint Maarten, Southampton, Split, Stavanger, Stockholm–Arlanda, Stuttgart, Taipei–Taoyuan, Teesside, Tel Aviv, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Toulouse, Trondheim, Turin, Valencia, Vancouver, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin, Washington–Dulles, Wrocław, Zagreb, Zanzibar, Zürich
Seasonal:[citation needed] Barbados, Cancún, Dubrovnik, Ibiza, Liberia (CR), Miami, Palma de Mallorca, Rovaniemi,[117] Salt Lake City, San José de Costa Rica–Juan Santamaría
Korean Air[118]Seoul–Incheon
Kuwait Airways[119]Kuwait
LOT Polish Airlines[120]Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa[121]Frankfurt, Munich
Middle East Airlines[122]Beirut
Norwegian Air Shuttle[123]Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda
Play Seasonal: Reykjavík–Keflavík (resumes 5 June 2023)[124]
Pegasus Airlines[125]Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Bodrum, İzmir, Kayseri, Konya
Qatar Airways[126]Doha
Royal Air Maroc[127]Casablanca, Nador, Tangier
Seasonal: Al Hoceima, Fez, Oujda
Royal Jordanian[128]Amman–Queen Alia
Ryanair[129]Dublin, Málaga
Saudia[130]Jeddah
Seasonal: Riyadh
Scandinavian Airlines[131]Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm–Arlanda
Singapore Airlines[132]Singapore
Sky Express[133]Seasonal: Heraklion, Kos, Zakynthos
Sun d'Or[134]Seasonal: Tel Aviv
SunExpress[135]İzmir
Seasonal: Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Dalaman,[136] Kayseri, Konya
Surinam Airways[137]Paramaribo
Swiss International Air Lines[138] Zürich
TAP Air Portugal[139]Lisbon
TAROM[140]Bucharest
Transavia[141]Agadir, Alicante, Almería, Amman–Queen Alia, Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Beirut, Casablanca, Catania, Dubai–International, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Lanzarote, La Palma, Larnaca, Lisbon, Ljubljana, Málaga, Marrakesh, Naples, Nice, Paris–Orly, Pisa, Porto, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Riga, Salzburg, Seville, Tel Aviv, Tenerife–South, Thessaloniki, Valencia
Seasonal: Ajaccio, Antalya, Bodrum, Chambéry, Chania, Chios, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Eilat[citation needed], Girona, Hurghada, İzmir, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kos, Menorca, Mykonos, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Ponta Delgada,[142] Preveza, Rhodes, Sal, Samos, Santorini, Sharm El Sheikh,[143] Split, Varna, Verona, Zakynthos
Seasonal charter: Akureyri, Ivalo,[144] Kittilä,[144] Kuusamo,[144] Rovaniemi,[144] Skellefteå[144]
TUI fly Netherlands[145]Alicante, Aruba, Banjul, Boa Vista, Bonaire, Cancún, Curaçao, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Holguín, Hurghada, Lanzarote, Málaga, Montego Bay, Paramaribo, Praia, Punta Cana, Sal, São Vicente, Tenerife–South, Varadero
Seasonal: Antalya, Bodrum, Burgas, Catania, Corfu, Dakar–Diass, Dalaman, Djerba, Enfidha, Faro[citation needed], Funchal, Heraklion, Ibiza, Ivalo, İzmir, Karpathos, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, La Palma, Marsa Alam, Mombasa, Mytilene, Ohrid, Olbia, Palma de Mallorca, Ponta Delgada, Preveza, Rhodes, Samos, Skiathos, Terceira, Zakynthos, Zanzibar
Turkish Airlines[146]Istanbul
United Airlines[147]Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental,[148] Newark, Washington–Dulles[148]
Seasonal: San Francisco
Vueling[149]Alicante, Asturias,[150] Barcelona, Bilbao, Florence, Lisbon, Málaga, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Santiago de Compostela, Valencia
Seasonal: Copenhagen, Gran Canaria, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Palma de Mallorca, Tenerife–South
XiamenAir[151]Xiamen

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
Air China Cargo[152]Chongqing, Shanghai–Pudong, Tianjin, Zaragoza
AirBridgeCargo[153] Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Frankfurt, Krasnoyarsk, Leipzig/Halle, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Oslo, Yekaterinburg, Zaragoza (all suspended)
Atlas Air[citation needed] Chicago–O'Hare, Miami, Seoul–Incheon
Avianca Cargo[154]Miami, Zaragoza
Cargolux[155]Luxembourg
Cathay Cargo[156]Hong Kong
China Airlines Cargo[157]Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Delhi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines[citation needed] Copenhagen, Ningbo, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Tianjin, Xi'an, Zaragoza
China Southern Airlines Cargo[158] Guangzhou, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation[citation needed] East Midlands, Leipzig/Halle, London–Heathrow, Madrid
Emirates SkyCargo[159]Aguadilla, Chicago O'Hare, Dubai–International, Frankfurt, Houston–Intercontinental, Madrid, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Oslo, Zaragoza
Etihad Cargo[160]Abu Dhabi, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
FedEx Express[citation needed] Oslo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Garuda Cargo[citation needed] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Kalitta Air[citation needed] New York–JFK
Korean Air Cargo[161]Seoul–Incheon, Stockholm–Arlanda
LATAM Cargo Chile[162]Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas–Viracopos, Miami, Santiago de Chile
Martinair[163]Bogotá, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Campinas–Viracopos, Guatemala City, Harare, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Lima, Miami, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Quito, Santiago de Chile
MASkargo[164]Dubai–Al Maktoum, Kuala Lumpur–International
MNG Airlines[citation needed] Istanbul
Nippon Cargo Airlines[165]Milan–Malpensa, Tokyo–Narita
Qatar Airways Cargo[166]Doha
Saudia Cargo[167]Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh
Silk Way West Airlines[168]Baku
Singapore Airlines Cargo[169] London–Heathrow, Sharjah, Singapore
Suparna Airlines[citation needed] Nanjing
Turkish Cargo[170]Istanbul
West Atlantic[171]Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Turku

Other users

Other regular users of Schiphol are the Netherlands Coastguard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force, the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association.

Peak moments

Typical peak moments at Schiphol Airport are between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m., and between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. for departures, with up to 58 departures between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. on a typical weekday (almost a departure every minute).[172] The peak moment for arrivals is between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m. (with up to 52 arrivals on a weekday).[173]

Statistics

Annual passenger traffic at AMS airport. See Wikidata query.
Busiest European Routes to/from Amsterdam Airport (2021)[4]
Rank Change Airport Passengers 2021 Change % Airlines
1  2   Barcelona, Spain 608,458  61.0 KLM, Transavia, Vueling
2     Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France 574,320  16.2 Air France, KLM
3  6   Istanbul, Turkey 474,387  47.5 KLM, Turkish Airlines
4  1   Madrid, Spain 458,560  27.5 Air Europa, Iberia Express, KLM
5  3   Lisbon, Portugal 442,503  33.1 EasyJet, KLM, TAP, Transavia, Vueling
6  16   Málaga, Spain 430,675  88.2 Corendon, EasyJet, KLM, Ryanair, Transavia, TUI, Vueling
7  1   Copenhagen, Denmark 398,972  12.9 EasyJet, KLM, Norwegian, SAS
8  4   Dublin, Ireland 396,492  8.5 Aer Lingus, KLM, Ryanair
9  4   Rome–Fiumicino, Italy 388,728  33.0 Alitalia, EasyJet, ITA, KLM, Vueling
10  15   Istanbul-Sabiha Gökçen, Turkey 376,352  78.1 AnadoluJet, Pegasus
11  10   London-Heathrow, United Kingdom 350,153  33.4 British Airways, KLM
12     Stockholm-Arlanda, Sweden 340,257  12.7 KLM, Norwegian, SAS
13  11   Athens, Greece 323,025  52.3 Aegean, KLM, Transavia
14  3   Berlin, Germany[b] 312,216  3.3 EasyJet, KLM
15  2   Vienna, Austria 308,009  26.5 Austrian, EasyJet, KLM
16  16   Alicante, Spain 294,349  90.5 Corendon, EasyJet, KLM, Transavia, TUI, Vueling
17  7   Zürich, Switzerland 292,746  4.4 KLM, Swiss
18  11   Bucharest, Romania 280,338  68.5 Blue Air, KLM, TAROM
19  54   Ibiza, Spain 279,335  320.0 Corendon, EasyJet, KLM, Transavia, TUI, Vueling
20  13   Nice, France 256,095  69.7 EasyJet, KLM, Transavia
Busiest Intercontinental Routes to/from Amsterdam Airport (2021)[4]
Rank Change Airport Passengers 2021 Change % Airlines
1  2   Willemstad, Curaçao 458,245  59.9 KLM, TUI
2     Atlanta, United States 432,396  40.7 Delta, KLM
3  2   Dubai-International, United Arab Emirates 368,580  13.2 Emirates, KLM, Transavia
4     New York–JFK, United States 264,588  4.0 Delta, KLM
5     Mexico City, Mexico 227,460  53.4 Aeroméxico, KLM
6  14   Panama City-Tocumen, Panama 160,996  93.0 KLM
7  20   Kralendijk, Netherlands (Bonaire) 143,937  110.5 KLM, TUI
8  7   Accra, Ghana 139,664  49.7 KLM
9     Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya 136,191  24,1 Kenya Airways, KLM
10  19   Oranjestad, Aruba 131,831  107.6 KLM, TUI
11     Tel Aviv, Israel 126,085  25.1 Arkia, EasyJet, El Al, KLM, Sun d'Or, Transavia
12  6   Detroit, United States 123,307  16.0 Delta
13  10   Los Angeles, United States 121,862  48.7 KLM
14  7   Minneapolis/St. Paul, United States 120,615  44.6 Delta, KLM
15  7   São Paulo-Guarulhos, Brazil 114,032  0.3 KLM
16  20   Seattle, United States 110,349  85.6 Delta
17  11   Lima, Peru 109,019  68.5 KLM
18  11   Toronto-Pearson, Canada 108,218  15.1 Air Canada, Air Transat, KLM
19  11   Boston, United States 106,674  68.6 Delta, KLM
20  12   Chicago-O'Hare, United States 104,566  67.9 KLM, United
Main cargo routes to/from Amsterdam Airport (2021)[4]
Rank Change Airport Tonnes 2021 Change %
1     Shanghai-Pudong, China 186,848  2.5
2  1   Chicago-O'Hare, United States 79,662  31.6
3  1   Dubai-International, United Arab Emirates 73,196  38.7
4  2   Doha, Qatar 67,476  2.1
5  7   Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Russia 64,323  89.8
6  1   Nairobi-Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya 64,042  23.8
7  1   Singapore-Changi, Singapore 53,102  7.5
8  1   Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 49,847  31.0
9  2   Guangzhou, China 45,656  1.8
10  4   Seoul-Incheon, South Korea 42,148  29.1
11  1   Quito, Ecuador 42,130  12.7
12  4   Baku, Azerbaijan 39,528  6.0
13     Tokyo-Narita, Japan 39,151  16.6
14  3   Miami, United States 37,512  10.1
15  1   Johannesburg-O.R. Tambo, South Africa 33,449  10.2
16  5   Atlanta, United States 30,677  37.5
17  2   Taipei-Taoyuan, Taiwan 28,942  11.0
18     Leipzig, Germany 28,632  6.4
19  1   Krasnoyarsk, Russia 28,459  26.4
20  5   New York-JFK, United States 27,092  13.2
Countries with most air traffic movements to/from Amsterdam Airport (2021)[4]
Rank Country Movements 2021 Change %
1 Spain 25,914  62.8
2 United Kingdom 22,944  30.7
3 Germany 22,295  8.7
4 Italy 18,749  44.9
5 France 16,786  21.3
6 United States 15,602  11.2
7 Turkey 9,101  94.7
8 Greece 8,807  103.0
9 Norway 7,478  1.6
10 Switzerland 7,392  0.3
Countries with most passenger movements to/from Amsterdam Airport (2021)[4]
Rank Country Passengers 2021 Change %
1 Spain 3,268,606  87.0
2 United States 1,763,268  23.9
3 Italy 1,753,976  44.6
4 United Kingdom 1,509,673  45.2
5 France 1,457,485  26.5
6 Germany 1,357,780  2.7
7 Turkey 1,269,861  89.8
8 Greece 1,257,216  145.5
9 Portugal 818,823  39.7
10 Switzerland 636,991  3.9

Other facilities

 
Schiphol Group offices
 
The Convair Building, which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices, and the original Schiphol control tower

The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and transavia.[174] Construction of the building, which has 10,800 m2 (116,000 sq ft) of rentable space, began on 17 March 2009. Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building, while De Vries and Verburg, a firm of Stolwijk, constructed the building.[175]

The World Trade Center Schiphol Airport houses the head office of SkyTeam,[176][177] the Netherlands office of China Southern Airlines,[178] and the Netherlands offices of Iran Air.[179] The head office of Schiphol Group, the airport's operator, is located on the airport property.[180] The Convair Building, with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999, houses KLM offices,[181] including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper.[182][183] The original control tower of Schiphol Airport, which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location, now houses a restaurant.[181] The area Schiphol-Rijk includes the head office of TUI fly Netherlands.[184]

At one time, KLM had its head office briefly on the grounds of Schiphol Airport.[185] Its current head office in nearby Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970.[186] Previously Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center (Dutch: Schiphol Centrum) at Schiphol Airport.[187][188] Formerly, the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport.[189][190][191] NLM Cityhopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70.[192]

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol.[193] The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome–Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol.[194] In 2003, the museum moved to Lelystad Airport and was renamed the "Aviodrome."[195]

Ground transport

Rail

 
The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992
Main article: Schiphol Airport railway station

The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS), the national Dutch train operator, has a major passenger railway station directly underneath the passenger terminal complex that offers transportation 24 hours a day into the four major cities Amsterdam, Utrecht, The Hague and Rotterdam. There are efficient and often direct services to many other cities in the country.[196] There are intercity connections to Almere, Lelystad, Amsterdam Centraal, Utrecht Centraal, both The Hague Centraal and The Hague HS, Rotterdam Centraal, Eindhoven, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leeuwarden, Groningen, Amersfoort Centraal, Apeldoorn, Deventer, Enschede, Arnhem Centraal, Nijmegen and Venlo. Schiphol is also a stop for the Thalys international high-speed train, connecting the airport directly to Antwerp, Brussels and Paris Gare du Nord, as well as to Bourg St Maurice (winter) and Marseille (summer). The Intercity-Brussel (also named "beneluxtrein") to Antwerp and Brussels stops at the airport.

Bus

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus, as many services call or terminate at the bus station located outside in front of the terminal building.[197]

The Taiwanese EVA Air provides private bus services from Schiphol to Belgium for its Belgium-based customers. The service, which departs from and arrives at bus stop C11, goes to Saint-Gilles, Brussels (near the Brussels-South (Midi) railway station) and Berchem, Antwerp (near Antwerp-Berchem bus station). The service is co-operated with Reizen Lauwers NV.[198]

Road

Schiphol Airport can easily be reached by car via the A4 and A9 motorways.[199]

While most roads leading to the airport are forbidden for bicycles, it is possible to reach the airport by bicycle via bicycle paths.

Accidents and incidents

 
The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992
 
The crash site of Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009
  • On 14 November 1946, a Douglas C-47 operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions. The first two attempts to land failed. During the third attempt, the pilot realized that the airplane was not lined up properly with the runway. The aircraft made a sharp left turn at low speed, causing the left wing to hit the ground. The airplane crashed and caught fire, killing all 26 people on board.
  • On 4 October 1992, El Al Flight 1862, a Boeing 747-200F cargo jet en route to Tel Aviv, lost both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the Bijlmer neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 47 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a non-revenue passenger. In addition to these fatalities, 11 persons were seriously injured and 15 persons received minor injuries.
  • On 4 April 1994, KLM Cityhopper Flight 433, a Saab 340 to Cardiff, returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light. On final approach at a height of 90 ft (27 m), the captain decided to go-around and gave full throttle on only the number one engine, leaving the other in flight idle. The airplane rolled to the right, pitched up, stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank. Of the twenty-four people on board, three were killed, including the captain. Nine others were seriously injured.
  • On 25 February 2009, Turkish Airlines Flight 1951, a Boeing 737-800 from Istanbul crashed on approach, just 1 km (0.6 mi) short of the airport's Polderbaan runway. The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board. 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured, including six with serious injuries. Four of the dead were employees of Boeing, involved in an advanced radar deal with Turkey. An initial report from the Dutch Safety Board revealed that the left radio altimeter had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported −8 ft (−2.4 m). As a result of this the autothrottle system closed the thrust levers to idle, as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 ft (8.2 m) radio altitude. This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed that was not acted upon until it was too late to recover, and the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field.
  • On 23 February 2017, a Bombardier Dash-8 Q400 operated by Flybe suffered a collapse of its right landing gear after landing at the Oostbaan.[200] The plane took off from Edinburgh after a 1.5-hour delay and had to battle storm Doris throughout the flight and during landing. None of the 59 passengers and 4 crew was injured in the incident, but the aircraft sustained significant damage.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In English, Schiphol is usually pronounced /ˈskɪp(h)ɒl/[6]
  2. ^ Berlin 2020 realisation includes also air traffic of Schönefeld and Tegel airports

References

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April 11, 2023
amsterdam, airport, schiphol, schiphol, redirects, here, railway, station, schiphol, airport, railway, station, iata, icao, eham, known, informally, schiphol, airport, dutch, luchthaven, schiphol, pronounced, ˌlʏxtɦaːvə, ˈsxɪp, sxɪpˈɦɔl, main, international, a. Schiphol redirects here For the railway station see Schiphol Airport railway station Amsterdam Airport Schiphol IATA AMS ICAO EHAM known informally as Schiphol Airport Dutch Luchthaven Schiphol pronounced ˌlʏxtɦaːve n ˈsxɪp ɦ ɔl sxɪpˈɦɔl a is the main international airport of the Netherlands 7 It is located 9 kilometres 5 6 mi 5 southwest of Amsterdam in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province of North Holland It is the world s third busiest airport by international passenger traffic in 2021 With almost 72 million passengers in 2019 it is the third busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movements With an annual cargo tonnage of 1 74 million it is the 4th busiest in Europe AMS covers a total area of 6 887 acres 10 761 sq mi 2 787 ha of land 2 The airport is built on the single terminal concept one large terminal split into three departure halls Amsterdam Airport SchipholKoninklijke Luchthaven SchipholIATA AMSICAO EHAMWMO 06240SummaryAirport typePublicOwner OperatorRoyal Schiphol GroupServesGreater AmsterdamLocationHaarlemmermeer NetherlandsOpened16 September 1916 106 years ago 1916 09 16 Hub forKLMKLM CargoKLM CityhopperMartinairFocus city forEasyJetTransaviaTUI fly NetherlandsElevation AMSL 11 ft 3 mCoordinates52 18 00 N 4 45 54 E 52 3000 N 4 7650 E 52 3000 4 7650 Coordinates 52 18 00 N 4 45 54 E 52 3000 N 4 7650 E 52 3000 4 7650Websitewww wbr schiphol wbr nlMapAMS EHAMLocation within Greater AmsterdamShow map of Greater AmsterdamAMS EHAMLocation in North HollandShow map of North HollandAMS EHAMLocation in the NetherlandsShow map of NetherlandsAMS EHAMLocation in EuropeShow map of EuropeRunwaysDirection Length Surfacem ft18R 36L Polderbaan 3 800 12 467 Asphalt06 24 Kaagbaan 3 500 11 483 Asphalt09 27 Buitenveldertbaan 3 453 11 329 Asphalt18L 36R Aalsmeerbaan 3 400 11 155 Asphalt18C 36C Zwanenburgbaan 3 300 10 827 Asphalt04 22 Oostbaan 2 014 6 608 AsphaltStatistics 2022 Passengers52 472 188Aircraft movements266 967Freight tonnes 1 667 304Economic impact 2016 27 3 billion 1 Land area2 787 ha 2 Sources CBS 3 Schiphol Group 4 and AIP 5 Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines Martinair Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands The airport also serves as a base for EasyJet Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely By 1940 Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45 degree angles The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was soon rebuilt In 1949 it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands Schiphol Airport was voted the Best Airport in Western Europe in 2020 8 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 History 3 1 Early years 3 2 Development since the 1990s 4 Infrastructure 4 1 Terminal 4 1 1 Departure Hall 1 4 1 2 Departure Hall 2 4 1 3 Departure Hall 3 4 1 4 A380 4 1 5 General aviation terminal 4 1 6 Other facilities 4 2 Future expansions 4 2 1 Pier A 4 2 2 Fourth terminal 4 2 3 Uniform platform 4 2 4 Public transportation 4 3 Tower 4 4 Runways 5 Airlines and destinations 5 1 Passenger 5 2 Cargo 5 3 Other users 5 4 Peak moments 6 Statistics 7 Other facilities 8 Ground transport 8 1 Rail 8 2 Bus 8 3 Road 9 Accidents and incidents 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Citations 12 2 General and cited reference 13 External linksEtymologyAccording to the airport s media department 9 the name of Schiphol originated in the 15th century In the Gothic language it indicated an area of low lying wetland hol or holl where wood scip could be extracted However Gothic has never been spoken in the Netherlands DescriptionSchiphol Airport ranked as Europe s third busiest and the world s eleventh busiest by total passenger traffic in 2017 12th in 2016 14th in 2015 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012 It also ranks as the world s fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world s sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage A record 71 706 999 passengers passed through the airport in 2019 10 Schiphol s main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London Heathrow Frankfurt Madrid Paris Charles de Gaulle and Istanbul In 2019 70 5 of passengers using the airport flew to and from Europe 10 6 to and from North America and 10 1 to and from Asia cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia 46 3 and North America 17 6 10 In 2019 102 carriers provided a total of 332 destinations on a regular basis 10 The airport is built as one large terminal a single terminal concept split into three departure halls which connect again once airside The most recent of these was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section called Terminal 4 although it is not considered a separate building A new pier is to be opened in 2019 with a terminal extension planned to be operational by 2023 Plans for further terminal and gate expansion exist including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one terminal concept Because of intense traffic and high landing fees due to the limit of 500 000 flights a year some low cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport Many low cost carriers such as EasyJet and Ryanair however continue to operate at Schiphol using the low cost H pier Lelystad Airport is currently being expanded aimed at accommodating some of the low cost and leisure flights currently operating out of Schiphol eventually taking up to 45 000 flights a year 11 To combat noise and pollution complaints from the community in Schiphol Amsterdam Airport is advocating for a prohibition on private jets with the aim of minimizing noise and environmental pollution The airport intends to restrict takeoffs between midnight and 6 a m and landing between midnight and 5 a m Furthermore it seeks to ban loud aircraft like jets 12 HistoryEarly years A Ford being used to power a winch for towing gliders at Schiphol in 1933 The air traffic control tower at Schiphol in 1960 Airplanes and service vehicles on the apron in 1965 Before 1852 the entire polder of Haarlemmermeer in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas There are multiple stories of how the place got its name The most popular story is that in the shallow waters sudden violent storms could claim many ships Winds were particularly strong in the Schiphol area since the prevailing wind direction is from the south west and Schiphol lies in the north eastern corner of the lake In English schiphol translates to ship hole a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake When the lake was reclaimed however no shipwrecks were found Another possible origin of the name is the word scheepshaal A scheepshaal is a ditch clarification needed or small canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another A third explanation would be that the name derived from the words schip hol This is a low lying area of land hol from where wood would be obtained to build ships 13 After the lake was dredged in the mid 1800s a fortification named Fort Schiphol was built in the area which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works 14 Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase with a few barracks and a field serving as platform clarification needed and runways When civil aircraft started to use the field 17 December 1920 it was often called Schiphol les bains The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919 15 The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely By 1940 Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45 degree angles all 1 020 m 3 350 ft or less One was extended to become today s runway 04 22 two others crossed that runway at 52 18 43 N 4 48 00 E 52 312 N 4 800 E 52 312 4 800 The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol A large number of anti aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in the vicinity near Bennebroek Vijfhuizen and Vogelenzang to try to confuse Allied bombers A railway connection was also built Despite these defences the airfield was still bombed intensively an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base After that it served only as an emergency landing field until the Germans themselves destroyed the remnants of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden At the end of the war the airfield was quickly restored the first aircraft a Douglas DC 3 landed on 8 July 1945 16 A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands The expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk which was demolished to make room for the growing airport The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol Rijk industrial estate In 1967 Schiphol expanded even further with a new terminal area at its current location Most of the 1967 terminal is still in use today Departure Halls 1 and 2 as are parts of the original piers now called C D and E Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport well known for its clear writing and thorough colour coding to avoid confusion he prohibited any other signage in the shades of yellow and green used 17 The new terminal building replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport The A Pier now C pier of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to use the boarding gates A new pier D now called F opened in 1977 dedicated to handling wide body aircraft The first railway station at the airport followed in 1978 Development since the 1990s Map showing the six runways of Schiphol Queues to the security control in June 2022 The construction of a new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport as it was further expanded Departure Hall 3 was added to the terminal in 1993 as was another pier G pier New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar 18 A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed the Polderbaan with the connecting taxiway bridge crossing the A5 motorway The distance of this runway means that taxi times to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield 19 On 25 February 2005 a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol s cargo terminal The robbers used a stolen KLM van to gain airside access The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever 20 Later in 2005 a fire broke out at the airport s detention centre killing 11 people and injuring 15 The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident 21 Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister Piet Hein Donner CDA and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer Spatial Planning Minister Sybilla Dekker VVD resigned as well because she bore responsibility for safety failings cited in the report 22 In Summer 2022 the airport suffered the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on aviation It experienced extraordinary long delays and a large number of cancelled flights which led to recession of air traffic and subsequently to the shortage of security staff and walkout of baggage handlers 23 Queues for security check in were reported to last for 5 hours and many passengers missed their flights 24 The CEO of Schiphol Group Dick Benschop was forced to resign 25 InfrastructureTerminal The main entry of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Check in hall interior at the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol KLM Cargo Boeing 747 400ERF on the Taxiway Bridge crossing the Highway A4 E19 Schiphol Tower Schiphol uses a one terminal concept where all facilities are located under a single roof radiating from the central plaza Schiphol Plaza The terminal is divided into three sections or halls designated 1 2 and 3 The piers and concourses of each hall are connected so that it is possible on both sides of security or border inspection to walk between piers and halls although border control separates Schengen from non Schengen areas The exception to this is the low cost pier M once airside past security passengers cannot access any other areas Schiphol Airport has approximately 223 26 boarding gates including eighteen double jetway gates used for widebody aircraft The airport adopted a distinctive design with the second jetway extending over the aircraft wing hanging from a steel cantilever structure Recent refurbishments have seen most of these jetways being replaced with a more conventional layout Two gates feature a third jetway for handling of the Airbus A380 Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012 deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai Amsterdam service 27 During the summer China Southern Airlines also uses the A380 on its Beijing Amsterdam route Schiphol has large shopping areas as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers Schiphol Plaza not only connects the three terminal halls but also houses other facilities This is a large pre security shopping centre and the Schiphol Airport railway station These facilities are also attracting general visitors Notable public artworks in the airport include the Schiphol clock by Maarten Baas in which a man behind a translucent screen appears to paint the minutes of an analog clock by hand 28 Departure Hall 1 Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C both of which are dedicated Schengen areas and shares D pier with Departure hall 2 Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates Departure Hall 2 Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels The lower floor houses non Schengen flights and the upper floor is used for Schengen flights By using stairs the same jetways are used to access the aircraft Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D 59 non Schengen gates are numbered from D 1 to D 57 Pier E is a dedicated non Schengen area and has 14 gates It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM along with other members such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as Air Astana EVA Air Etihad Airways and Iran Air also typically operate out of Pier E Departure Hall 3 Departure Hall 3 consists of three piers F G and H M Pier F has 8 gates and is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM Kenya Airways China Airlines and China Southern Airlines and other members Pier G has 13 gates Piers F and G are non Schengen areas Piers H and M are physically one concourse consisting of 7 shared gates and are home to low cost airlines Operating completely separately H handles non Schengen flights while M is dedicated to flights within the Schengen area A380 Gates G9 E18 and E24 E24 refurbished in 2019 are equipped to handle daily Airbus A380 service by Emirates and China Southern Airlines 29 General aviation terminal A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of the airport operated as the KLM Jet Center The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6 000 m2 65 000 sq ft 1 000 m2 11 000 sq ft for the actual terminal and lounges 4 000 m2 43 000 sq ft for office space and 1 000 m2 11 000 sq ft for parking 30 Other facilities The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art 31 Admission to the exhibits is free In summer 2010 Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum providing passengers access to a collection of 1 200 books translated into 29 languages by Dutch authors on subjects relating to the country s history and culture The 89 9 m2 968 sq ft library offers e books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device 32 For aviation enthusiasts Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area called the Panoramaterras It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport Enthusiasts and the public can enter free of charge from the airport s landside Since June 2011 it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100 modified to be a viewing exhibit 33 Besides the Panoramaterras Schiphol has other spotting sites especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald s restaurant at the north side of the airport Schiphol has its own mortuary where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival Since October 2006 people can also hold a wedding ceremony at Schiphol 34 Schiphol also has a new state of the art cube shaped Hilton Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 433 rooms rounded corners and diamond shaped windows The spacious atrium has a 41 m high 135 ft ceiling made of glass and is in the heart of the building A covered walkway connects the hotel directly to the terminal The hotel was completed in 2015 35 Future expansions Pier A In 2012 Schiphol Group announced an expansion of Schiphol featuring a new pier 36 Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1 which already has Pier B 14 gates and Pier C 21 gates The new Pier A will have 5 narrow body gates and will initially have 3 wide body gates with two more planned for a later phase 37 The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2023 The expansions will cost about 500 million euros First the new Pier A will be built to the southwest of Pier B in an area currently used as a freight platform Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe 38 Originally expected to be operational by the end of 2019 the construction of the new pier has been delayed several times and due to a conflict between the airport and the construction consortium the construction was halted in November 2021 Schiphol was disappointed in the construction speed and the rising of the total cost although insiders announced that a design flaw was made and the entire construction needed to be reinforced A new tendering procedure will be started to find a new constructor once found a new completion date will be announced 39 Fourth terminal To handle future growth in passengers Schiphol will further expand the terminal and build a fourth terminal with facilities for both departures and arrivals From this new building direct access will be made to Schiphol Plaza continuing the one terminal concept When finished in 2023 Schiphol will be able to handle over 70 million passengers 40 Due to rapid growth of Schengen passengers during 2016 Schiphol was however forced to rapidly build a temporary departure hall which opened in March 2017 41 Due to the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic the construction of the fourth terminal has been postponed for at least two years 42 Uniform platform The airport has expended the number of uniform platforms places to stow airplanes in the past years in two phases A third phase is planned to extend the number of wide body platforms to a total of 12 with a planned completion in the period 2022 2026 43 Public transportation Schiphol together with the public transport authority Amsterdam is going to transform its train and bus station The train station will be getting more entrances and the bus station will be completely renewed with a planned opening date in 2025 44 A connection to the Amsterdam Metro network has been a subject of discussion and speculation since at least the 1990s In preparation for this a piece of land has been acquired from Chipshol 45 As of 2022 update the project hadn t moved past the proposal stage 46 47 AirlinesSchiphol s growth is hampered by slot restrictions from the government For reasons of safety and noise reduction Schiphol is allowed to have no more than 500 000 aircraft movements until the end of 2020 48 A proposal to increase the limit to 540 000 movements from 2021 onwards has been postponed until a new government is formed after the elections in March 2021 needs update 49 As Schiphol nearly approached the limit of 500 000 in the last few years the slot restrictions have hindered airlines to settle at Schiphol Among airlines that have expressed interest in flying at Schiphol are Atlantic Airways 50 JetBlue 51 Somon Air 52 and SpiceJet 53 Tower The Schiphol air traffic control tower with a height of 101 m 331 ft was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991 Schiphol is geographically one of the world s lowest major commercial airports The entire airport is below sea level The lowest point sits at 3 4 m 11 ft below sea level 1 4 m 4 5 ft below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil NAP The runways are around 3 m 9 8 ft below NAP 54 55 Runways All the airport s six runways viewed from an aeroplane taking off at dawn Schiphol has six runways one of which is used mainly by general aviation 5 The airport covers a total area of 6 887 acres 2 787 ha of land 2 Number Runway direction code Length Width Common name Namesake Surface Notes1 18R 36L 3 800 m12 467 ft 60 m197 ft Polderbaan Decided via contest Polder is the Dutch word for land reclaimed from a body of water Schiphol Airport is situated in a polder Asphalt Newest runway opened in 2003 Own control tower Located to reduce the noise impact on the surrounding population Takeoffs only northbound and landings only southbound The nearest end is located 5 km 3 1 mi from the terminal building and aircraft have a lengthy 15 minute taxi to and from the terminal 2 06 24 3 500 m11 483 ft 45 m148 ft Kaagbaan Named after Kaag a small village which lies beyond the southwest end of the runway Asphalt Opened in 1960 The Kaagbaan offered a location for spotters until the spotting location was closed in January 2008 56 3 09 27 3 453 m 11 329 ft 45 m148 ft Buitenveldertbaan Named after Buitenveldert a neighbourhood of Amsterdam that lies under its approach Asphalt Opened in 1967 El Al Flight 1862 was trying to make an emergency landing on this runway when it crashed into a block of flats in the Bijlmermeer 57 4 18L 36R 3 400 m 11 155 ft 45 m148 ft Aalsmeerbaan Named after the town of Aalsmeer which lies beyond the end of the runway Asphalt Opened in 1950 5 18C 36C 3 300 m 10 826 ft 45 m148 ft Zwanenburgbaan Named after the village of Zwanenburg that lies under its approach Asphalt Opened in 1968 El Al Flight 1862 took off from this runway before crashing into flats in the Bijlmermeer when the plane was trying to return to the airport 57 6 04 22 2 014 m 6 608 ft 45 m148 ft Oostbaan Most eastern of all runways oost is Dutch for east Asphalt Opened in 1945 Primarily used for general aviation traffic 5 In October 2010 a Boeing 737 400 of Corendon Airlines overran the short runway and ended up with its nosegear in the mud 58 Airlines and destinationsPassenger AirlinesDestinationsAegean Airlines 59 AthensAer Lingus 60 Cork DublinAeromexico 61 Mexico CityAir Arabia 62 Fes Nador TangierAir Astana 63 AtyrauAir Cairo 64 Seasonal charter Hurghada 65 Air Canada 66 Toronto Pearson Seasonal Montreal Trudeau begins 2 June 2023 67 Air Europa 68 MadridAir France 69 Paris Charles de Gaulle Seasonal MarseilleAir Malta 70 MaltaAir Serbia 71 BelgradeAir Transat 72 Seasonal Montreal Trudeau 73 Toronto PearsonairBaltic 74 Riga Tallinn Tampere 75 VilniusAmelia International 76 Strasbourg 77 American Airlines 78 Philadelphia Seasonal Dallas Fort WorthAnadoluJet 79 Ankara Istanbul Sabiha GokcenArkia 80 Tel AvivAustrian Airlines 81 ViennaBritish Airways 82 London City London Gatwick London HeathrowBulgaria Air 83 SofiaCathay Pacific 84 Hong KongChina Airlines 85 Taipei TaoyuanChina Eastern Airlines 86 Shanghai PudongChina Southern Airlines 87 Beijing Daxing Guangzhou Shenzhen 88 Corendon Dutch Airlines 89 Antalya Fuerteventura Funchal Gran Canaria Hurghada Lanzarote Tenerife SouthSeasonal Alghero Alicante Banjul Bodrum Burgas Catania Corfu Dalaman Enfidha Ercan Faro Gazipasa begins 23 April 2023 90 91 Heraklion Ibiza Izmir Kos Malaga Mytilene Natal Ohrid Palma de Mallorca Preveza Rhodes Sal Trapani Zakynthos Seasonal charter Kittila RovaniemiCroatia Airlines 92 Zagreb Seasonal Split 93 Delta Air Lines 94 Atlanta Boston Detroit Minneapolis St Paul New York JFK Portland OR 95 Salt Lake City Seattle TacomaSeasonal OrlandoeasyJet 96 Alicante Basel Mulhouse Belfast International Bergamo Berlin Birmingham Bristol Copenhagen Edinburgh Faro Fuerteventura Geneva Glasgow Gran Canaria Lisbon Liverpool London Gatwick London Luton London Stansted Malaga Manchester Milan Linate Milan Malpensa Naples Nice Prague Tel Aviv Venice Seasonal Catania Corfu Dubrovnik Hurghada Ibiza Innsbruck Jersey Kefalonia Lanzarote London Southend begins 24 May 2023 97 Marrakech Mykonos begins 28 June 2023 98 Olbia Palermo Palma de Mallorca Pisa 99 Pula Rhodes Salzburg Sharm El Sheikh Split Tenerife South ZadarEgyptair 100 CairoEl Al 101 Tel AvivEmirates 102 Dubai InternationalEtihad Airways 103 Abu DhabiEurowings 104 Hamburg StuttgartEVA Air 105 Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Taipei TaoyuanFinnair 106 HelsinkiFlyErbil 107 ErbilFlyOneChișinău 108 Garuda Indonesia 109 Jakarta Soekarno HattaGeorgian Airways 110 TbilisiIberia Express 111 MadridIcelandair 112 Reykjavik KeflavikITA Airways 113 Milan Linate Rome FiumicinoKenya Airways 114 Nairobi Jomo KenyattaKLM 115 Aalborg Aarhus Aberdeen Abu Dhabi Accra Alesund Alicante Aruba Athens Atlanta Austin Bahrain Bangalore Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Barcelona Basel Mulhouse Beijing Capital Belfast City Belgrade Bergen Berlin Bilbao Billund Birmingham Bogota Bologna Bonaire Bordeaux Boston Bremen Bristol Brussels Bucharest Budapest Buenos Aires Ezeiza Cagliari Calgary Cape Town Cardiff Cartagena Catania Chicago O Hare Copenhagen Cork Curacao Dammam Dar es Salaam Delhi Denpasar Dresden Dubai International Dublin Dusseldorf Edinburgh Edmonton Entebbe Florence Fortaleza Frankfurt Gdansk Geneva Genoa Glasgow Gothenburg Graz Guayaquil Hamburg Hanover Helsinki Hong Kong Houston Intercontinental Humberside Inverness Istanbul Jakarta Soekarno Hatta Johannesburg O R Tambo Katowice Kigali Kilimanjaro Krakow Kristiansand Kuala Lumpur International Kuwait Kyiv Boryspil suspended 116 Lagos Las Vegas Leeds Bradford Lima Linkoping Lisbon London City London Heathrow Los Angeles Luxembourg Lyon Madrid Malaga Manchester Manila Marseille Mexico City Milan Linate Milan Malpensa Minneapolis St Paul Montpellier Montreal Trudeau Mumbai Munich Muscat Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Nantes Naples Newcastle upon Tyne New York JFK Nice Norwich Nuremberg Osaka Kansai Oslo Panama City Tocumen Paramaribo Paris Charles de Gaulle Port of Spain Porto Poznan Prague Quito Rennes Rio de Janeiro Galeao Riyadh Rome Fiumicino Sandefjord San Francisco Santiago de Chile Sao Paulo Guarulhos Seoul Incheon Shanghai Pudong Singapore Sint Maarten Southampton Split Stavanger Stockholm Arlanda Stuttgart Taipei Taoyuan Teesside Tel Aviv Tokyo Narita Toronto Pearson Toulouse Trondheim Turin Valencia Vancouver Venice Vienna Warsaw Chopin Washington Dulles Wroclaw Zagreb Zanzibar ZurichSeasonal citation needed Barbados Cancun Dubrovnik Ibiza Liberia CR Miami Palma de Mallorca Rovaniemi 117 Salt Lake City San Jose de Costa Rica Juan SantamariaKorean Air 118 Seoul IncheonKuwait Airways 119 KuwaitLOT Polish Airlines 120 Warsaw ChopinLufthansa 121 Frankfurt MunichMiddle East Airlines 122 BeirutNorwegian Air Shuttle 123 Copenhagen Oslo Stockholm ArlandaPlaySeasonal Reykjavik Keflavik resumes 5 June 2023 124 Pegasus Airlines 125 Antalya Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Seasonal Bodrum Izmir Kayseri KonyaQatar Airways 126 DohaRoyal Air Maroc 127 Casablanca Nador TangierSeasonal Al Hoceima Fez OujdaRoyal Jordanian 128 Amman Queen AliaRyanair 129 Dublin MalagaSaudia 130 Jeddah Seasonal RiyadhScandinavian Airlines 131 Copenhagen Oslo Stockholm ArlandaSingapore Airlines 132 SingaporeSky Express 133 Seasonal Heraklion Kos ZakynthosSun d Or 134 Seasonal Tel AvivSunExpress 135 IzmirSeasonal Adana Ankara Antalya Dalaman 136 Kayseri KonyaSurinam Airways 137 ParamariboSwiss International Air Lines 138 ZurichTAP Air Portugal 139 LisbonTAROM 140 BucharestTransavia 141 Agadir Alicante Almeria Amman Queen Alia Athens Barcelona Bari Beirut Casablanca Catania Dubai International Faro Fuerteventura Funchal Gran Canaria Heraklion Ibiza Innsbruck Lanzarote La Palma Larnaca Lisbon Ljubljana Malaga Marrakesh Naples Nice Paris Orly Pisa Porto Reykjavik Keflavik Riga Salzburg Seville Tel Aviv Tenerife South Thessaloniki ValenciaSeasonal Ajaccio Antalya Bodrum Chambery Chania Chios Corfu Dalaman Dubrovnik Eilat citation needed Girona Hurghada Izmir Kalamata Kefalonia Kos Menorca Mykonos Olbia Palermo Palma de Mallorca Paphos Ponta Delgada 142 Preveza Rhodes Sal Samos Santorini Sharm El Sheikh 143 Split Varna Verona Zakynthos Seasonal charter Akureyri Ivalo 144 Kittila 144 Kuusamo 144 Rovaniemi 144 Skelleftea 144 TUI fly Netherlands 145 Alicante Aruba Banjul Boa Vista Bonaire Cancun Curacao Fuerteventura Gran Canaria Holguin Hurghada Lanzarote Malaga Montego Bay Paramaribo Praia Punta Cana Sal Sao Vicente Tenerife South VaraderoSeasonal Antalya Bodrum Burgas Catania Corfu Dakar Diass Dalaman Djerba Enfidha Faro citation needed Funchal Heraklion Ibiza Ivalo Izmir Karpathos Kavala Kefalonia Kittila Kos La Palma Marsa Alam Mombasa Mytilene Ohrid Olbia Palma de Mallorca Ponta Delgada Preveza Rhodes Samos Skiathos Terceira Zakynthos ZanzibarTurkish Airlines 146 IstanbulUnited Airlines 147 Chicago O Hare Houston Intercontinental 148 Newark Washington Dulles 148 Seasonal San FranciscoVueling 149 Alicante Asturias 150 Barcelona Bilbao Florence Lisbon Malaga Prague Rome Fiumicino Santiago de Compostela Valencia Seasonal Copenhagen Gran Canaria Ibiza Lanzarote Palma de Mallorca Tenerife SouthXiamenAir 151 XiamenCargo AirlinesDestinationsAir China Cargo 152 Chongqing Shanghai Pudong Tianjin ZaragozaAirBridgeCargo 153 Atlanta Chicago O Hare Frankfurt Krasnoyarsk Leipzig Halle Milan Malpensa Moscow Domodedovo Moscow Sheremetyevo Oslo Yekaterinburg Zaragoza all suspended Atlas Air citation needed Chicago O Hare Miami Seoul IncheonAvianca Cargo 154 Miami ZaragozaCargolux 155 LuxembourgCathay Cargo 156 Hong KongChina Airlines Cargo 157 Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Delhi Dubai Al Maktoum Taipei TaoyuanChina Cargo Airlines citation needed Copenhagen Ningbo Shanghai Pudong Shenzhen Tianjin Xi an ZaragozaChina Southern Airlines Cargo 158 Guangzhou Shanghai PudongDHL Aviation citation needed East Midlands Leipzig Halle London Heathrow MadridEmirates SkyCargo 159 Aguadilla Chicago O Hare Dubai International Frankfurt Houston Intercontinental Madrid Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Oslo ZaragozaEtihad Cargo 160 Abu Dhabi Nairobi Jomo KenyattaFedEx Express citation needed Oslo Paris Charles de GaulleGaruda Cargo citation needed Jakarta Soekarno HattaKalitta Air citation needed New York JFKKorean Air Cargo 161 Seoul Incheon Stockholm ArlandaLATAM Cargo Chile 162 Buenos Aires Ezeiza Campinas Viracopos Miami Santiago de ChileMartinair 163 Bogota Buenos Aires Ezeiza Campinas Viracopos Guatemala City Harare Johannesburg O R Tambo Lima Miami Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Quito Santiago de ChileMASkargo 164 Dubai Al Maktoum Kuala Lumpur InternationalMNG Airlines citation needed IstanbulNippon Cargo Airlines 165 Milan Malpensa Tokyo NaritaQatar Airways Cargo 166 DohaSaudia Cargo 167 Dammam Jeddah RiyadhSilk Way West Airlines 168 BakuSingapore Airlines Cargo 169 London Heathrow Sharjah SingaporeSuparna Airlines citation needed NanjingTurkish Cargo 170 IstanbulWest Atlantic 171 Paris Charles de Gaulle TurkuOther users Other regular users of Schiphol are the Netherlands Coastguard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association Peak moments Typical peak moments at Schiphol Airport are between 9 a m and 11 a m and between 1 p m and 3 p m for departures with up to 58 departures between 2 p m and 3 p m on a typical weekday almost a departure every minute 172 The peak moment for arrivals is between 8 a m and 9 a m with up to 52 arrivals on a weekday 173 StatisticsAnnual passenger traffic at AMS airport See Wikidata query Busiest European Routes to from Amsterdam Airport 2021 4 Rank Change Airport Passengers 2021 Change Airlines1 2 Barcelona Spain 608 458 61 0 KLM Transavia Vueling2 Paris Charles de Gaulle France 574 320 16 2 Air France KLM3 6 Istanbul Turkey 474 387 47 5 KLM Turkish Airlines4 1 Madrid Spain 458 560 27 5 Air Europa Iberia Express KLM5 3 Lisbon Portugal 442 503 33 1 EasyJet KLM TAP Transavia Vueling6 16 Malaga Spain 430 675 88 2 Corendon EasyJet KLM Ryanair Transavia TUI Vueling7 1 Copenhagen Denmark 398 972 12 9 EasyJet KLM Norwegian SAS8 4 Dublin Ireland 396 492 8 5 Aer Lingus KLM Ryanair9 4 Rome Fiumicino Italy 388 728 33 0 Alitalia EasyJet ITA KLM Vueling10 15 Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Turkey 376 352 78 1 AnadoluJet Pegasus11 10 London Heathrow United Kingdom 350 153 33 4 British Airways KLM12 Stockholm Arlanda Sweden 340 257 12 7 KLM Norwegian SAS13 11 Athens Greece 323 025 52 3 Aegean KLM Transavia14 3 Berlin Germany b 312 216 3 3 EasyJet KLM15 2 Vienna Austria 308 009 26 5 Austrian EasyJet KLM16 16 Alicante Spain 294 349 90 5 Corendon EasyJet KLM Transavia TUI Vueling17 7 Zurich Switzerland 292 746 4 4 KLM Swiss18 11 Bucharest Romania 280 338 68 5 Blue Air KLM TAROM19 54 Ibiza Spain 279 335 320 0 Corendon EasyJet KLM Transavia TUI Vueling20 13 Nice France 256 095 69 7 EasyJet KLM TransaviaBusiest Intercontinental Routes to from Amsterdam Airport 2021 4 Rank Change Airport Passengers 2021 Change Airlines1 2 Willemstad Curacao 458 245 59 9 KLM TUI2 Atlanta United States 432 396 40 7 Delta KLM3 2 Dubai International United Arab Emirates 368 580 13 2 Emirates KLM Transavia4 New York JFK United States 264 588 4 0 Delta KLM5 Mexico City Mexico 227 460 53 4 Aeromexico KLM6 14 Panama City Tocumen Panama 160 996 93 0 KLM7 20 Kralendijk Netherlands Bonaire 143 937 110 5 KLM TUI8 7 Accra Ghana 139 664 49 7 KLM9 Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Kenya 136 191 24 1 Kenya Airways KLM10 19 Oranjestad Aruba 131 831 107 6 KLM TUI11 Tel Aviv Israel 126 085 25 1 Arkia EasyJet El Al KLM Sun d Or Transavia12 6 Detroit United States 123 307 16 0 Delta13 10 Los Angeles United States 121 862 48 7 KLM14 7 Minneapolis St Paul United States 120 615 44 6 Delta KLM15 7 Sao Paulo Guarulhos Brazil 114 032 0 3 KLM16 20 Seattle United States 110 349 85 6 Delta17 11 Lima Peru 109 019 68 5 KLM18 11 Toronto Pearson Canada 108 218 15 1 Air Canada Air Transat KLM19 11 Boston United States 106 674 68 6 Delta KLM20 12 Chicago O Hare United States 104 566 67 9 KLM UnitedMain cargo routes to from Amsterdam Airport 2021 4 Rank Change Airport Tonnes 2021 Change 1 Shanghai Pudong China 186 848 2 52 1 Chicago O Hare United States 79 662 31 63 1 Dubai International United Arab Emirates 73 196 38 74 2 Doha Qatar 67 476 2 15 7 Moscow Sheremetyevo Russia 64 323 89 86 1 Nairobi Jomo Kenyatta Kenya 64 042 23 87 1 Singapore Changi Singapore 53 102 7 58 1 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates 49 847 31 09 2 Guangzhou China 45 656 1 810 4 Seoul Incheon South Korea 42 148 29 111 1 Quito Ecuador 42 130 12 712 4 Baku Azerbaijan 39 528 6 013 Tokyo Narita Japan 39 151 16 614 3 Miami United States 37 512 10 115 1 Johannesburg O R Tambo South Africa 33 449 10 216 5 Atlanta United States 30 677 37 517 2 Taipei Taoyuan Taiwan 28 942 11 018 Leipzig Germany 28 632 6 419 1 Krasnoyarsk Russia 28 459 26 420 5 New York JFK United States 27 092 13 2Countries with most air traffic movements to from Amsterdam Airport 2021 4 Rank Country Movements 2021 Change 1 Spain 25 914 62 82 United Kingdom 22 944 30 73 Germany 22 295 8 74 Italy 18 749 44 95 France 16 786 21 36 United States 15 602 11 27 Turkey 9 101 94 78 Greece 8 807 103 09 Norway 7 478 1 610 Switzerland 7 392 0 3Countries with most passenger movements to from Amsterdam Airport 2021 4 Rank Country Passengers 2021 Change 1 Spain 3 268 606 87 02 United States 1 763 268 23 93 Italy 1 753 976 44 64 United Kingdom 1 509 673 45 25 France 1 457 485 26 56 Germany 1 357 780 2 77 Turkey 1 269 861 89 88 Greece 1 257 216 145 59 Portugal 818 823 39 710 Switzerland 636 991 3 9Other facilities Schiphol Group offices The Convair Building which houses KLM Cityhopper and KLM offices and the original Schiphol control tower The TransPort Building on the Schiphol Airport property houses the head offices of Martinair and transavia 174 Construction of the building which has 10 800 m2 116 000 sq ft of rentable space began on 17 March 2009 Schiphol Group and the architect firm Paul de Ruiter designed the building while De Vries and Verburg a firm of Stolwijk constructed the building 175 The World Trade Center Schiphol Airport houses the head office of SkyTeam 176 177 the Netherlands office of China Southern Airlines 178 and the Netherlands offices of Iran Air 179 The head office of Schiphol Group the airport s operator is located on the airport property 180 The Convair Building with its development beginning after a parcel was earmarked for its development in 1999 houses KLM offices 181 including KLM Recruitment Services and the head office of KLM Cityhopper 182 183 The original control tower of Schiphol Airport which the airport authorities had moved slightly from its original location now houses a restaurant 181 The area Schiphol Rijk includes the head office of TUI fly Netherlands 184 At one time KLM had its head office briefly on the grounds of Schiphol Airport 185 Its current head office in nearby Amstelveen had a scheduled completion at the end of 1970 186 Previously Martinair had its head office in the Schiphol Center Dutch Schiphol Centrum at Schiphol Airport 187 188 Formerly the head office of Transavia was in the Building Triport III at Schiphol Airport 189 190 191 NLM Cityhopper and later KLM Cityhopper previously had their head offices in Schiphol Airport building 70 192 Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Europe regional headquarters at Schiphol 193 The National Aerospace Museum Aviodome Schiphol was previously located at Schiphol 194 In 2003 the museum moved to Lelystad Airport and was renamed the Aviodrome 195 Ground transportRail The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992 Main article Schiphol Airport railway station The Nederlandse Spoorwegen NS the national Dutch train operator has a major passenger railway station directly underneath the passenger terminal complex that offers transportation 24 hours a day into the four major cities Amsterdam Utrecht The Hague and Rotterdam There are efficient and often direct services to many other cities in the country 196 There are intercity connections to Almere Lelystad Amsterdam Centraal Utrecht Centraal both The Hague Centraal and The Hague HS Rotterdam Centraal Eindhoven s Hertogenbosch Leeuwarden Groningen Amersfoort Centraal Apeldoorn Deventer Enschede Arnhem Centraal Nijmegen and Venlo Schiphol is also a stop for the Thalys international high speed train connecting the airport directly to Antwerp Brussels and Paris Gare du Nord as well as to Bourg St Maurice winter and Marseille summer The Intercity Brussel also named beneluxtrein to Antwerp and Brussels stops at the airport Bus Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is also easily accessible by bus as many services call or terminate at the bus station located outside in front of the terminal building 197 The Taiwanese EVA Air provides private bus services from Schiphol to Belgium for its Belgium based customers The service which departs from and arrives at bus stop C11 goes to Saint Gilles Brussels near the Brussels South Midi railway station and Berchem Antwerp near Antwerp Berchem bus station The service is co operated with Reizen Lauwers NV 198 Road Schiphol Airport can easily be reached by car via the A4 and A9 motorways 199 While most roads leading to the airport are forbidden for bicycles it is possible to reach the airport by bicycle via bicycle paths Accidents and incidents The crash site of El Al Flight 1862 in 1992 The crash site of Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 on 25 February 2009 On 14 November 1946 a Douglas C 47 operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions The first two attempts to land failed During the third attempt the pilot realized that the airplane was not lined up properly with the runway The aircraft made a sharp left turn at low speed causing the left wing to hit the ground The airplane crashed and caught fire killing all 26 people on board On 4 October 1992 El Al Flight 1862 a Boeing 747 200F cargo jet en route to Tel Aviv lost both right wing engines 3 and 4 just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the Bijlmer neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport A total of 47 people were killed including the plane s crew of three and a non revenue passenger In addition to these fatalities 11 persons were seriously injured and 15 persons received minor injuries On 4 April 1994 KLM Cityhopper Flight 433 a Saab 340 to Cardiff returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light On final approach at a height of 90 ft 27 m the captain decided to go around and gave full throttle on only the number one engine leaving the other in flight idle The airplane rolled to the right pitched up stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank Of the twenty four people on board three were killed including the captain Nine others were seriously injured On 25 February 2009 Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 a Boeing 737 800 from Istanbul crashed on approach just 1 km 0 6 mi short of the airport s Polderbaan runway The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured including six with serious injuries Four of the dead were employees of Boeing involved in an advanced radar deal with Turkey An initial report from the Dutch Safety Board revealed that the left radio altimeter had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported 8 ft 2 4 m As a result of this the autothrottle system closed the thrust levers to idle as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 ft 8 2 m radio altitude This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed that was not acted upon until it was too late to recover and the aircraft stalled and crashed in a field On 23 February 2017 a Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 operated by Flybe suffered a collapse of its right landing gear after landing at the Oostbaan 200 The plane took off from Edinburgh after a 1 5 hour delay and had to battle storm Doris throughout the flight and during landing None of the 59 passengers and 4 crew was injured in the incident but the aircraft sustained significant damage See also Netherlands portal Aviation portalHello Goodbye TV series List of busiest passenger air routes Transport in the NetherlandsNotes In English Schiphol is usually pronounced ˈ s k ɪ p h ɒ l 6 Berlin 2020 realisation includes also air traffic of Schonefeld and Tegel airportsReferencesCitations Amsterdam airport Economic and social impact Ecquants Archived from 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