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Ninoy Aquino International Airport

January 13, 2023

"Manila Airport" redirects here. For other uses, see Manila Airport (disambiguation).
For the current military use of this facility, see Villamor Air Base. For the former military use of this facility, see Nichols Field.

Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA /ˈnaɪə/, locally /nɑː.ˈiː.jə/; Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino or Pandaigdigang Paliparan ng Ninoy Aquino; IATA: MNL, ICAO: RPLL), originally known and still commonly referred to as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main international airport serving the city of Manila and the metropolitan area of the same name. Located between the cities of Pasay and Parañaque, about 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) south of Manila proper and southwest of Makati, NAIA is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves as a hub for AirSWIFT, Cebgo, Cebu Pacific, PAL Express, and Philippine Airlines, and as the main operating base for Philippines AirAsia. It is managed by the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), an agency of the Department of Transportation (DOTr).[2]

Ninoy Aquino International Airport

Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino
Summary
Airport typePublic / Military
Owner/OperatorManila International Airport Authority
ServesGreater Manila Area
LocationParañaque and Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines
Opened1948; 75 years ago (1948)
Hub for
Focus city forPhilippines AirAsia
Time zonePHT (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL23 m / 75 ft
Coordinates14°30′30″N 121°01′11″E / 14.50833°N 121.01972°E / 14.50833; 121.01972Coordinates: 14°30′30″N 121°01′11″E / 14.50833°N 121.01972°E / 14.50833; 121.01972
Websitewww.miaa.gov.ph
Maps
MNL/RPLL
Location in Manila, Philippines
MNL/RPLL
MNL/RPLL (Philippines)
MNL/RPLL
MNL/RPLL (Southeast Asia)
MNL/RPLL
MNL/RPLL (Asia)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
06/24[note 1] 3,737 12,260 Asphalt
13/31[note 2] 2,258 7,408 Asphalt/Concrete
Statistics (2021)
Passengers7,817,120
29.86%
Aircraft movements90,626
0.48%
Cargo (in tonnes)588,370.92
10.19%

The airport is named after Senator Ninoy Aquino (1932–1983), who was assassinated at the airport on August 21, 1983.

Officially, NAIA is the only airport serving the Metro Manila area. However, in practice, both NAIA and Clark International Airport, located in the Clark Freeport Zone in Pampanga, serve the metropolis, with Clark catering mostly to low-cost carriers because of its lower landing fees compared to those charged at NAIA. In the recent past, there have been calls for Clark to replace NAIA eventually as the primary airport of the Philippines.[3]

In an effort to reduce congestion at the airport, two new airports are being constructed: New Manila International Airport, located in Bulacan to serve both Metro Manila and Central Luzon, and Sangley Point Airport, located on reclaimed land in Cavite City.[4] The completion of either airport would relieve pressure on NAIA's existing infrastructure.

History

 
Old Nielson Field Terminal Tower.
 
Nichols Field runway with Manila in the background, taken prior to 1941

Early history

The original airport that served Manila, Grace Park Airfield (also known as Manila North) in Grace Park, Caloocan (then a municipality of Rizal), was opened in 1935. It was the city's first commercial airport and was used by Philippine Aerial Taxi Company (later Philippine Airlines) for its first domestic routes.[5] In July 1937, Nielson Airport, located in the 45-hectare (4,800,000 sq ft) land in Makati, also then in Rizal, was inaugurated and served as the gateway to Manila; its runways now form Ayala Avenue and Paseo de Roxas.[6] Following the end of World War II and Philippine independence from the United States, Grace Park Airfield closed, whereas Nielson Airport continued to operate until 1948, when it was decommissioned and all airport operations were moved to the current site, Nichols Field, due to the easier terrain gradient, expanse of greenfield land, and the USAF base runway (Runway 13/31) which could be used for the airport.[7] The original structure, designed by Frederico Illustre, was built on what is now the site of Terminal 2.

In 1954, the airport's longer international runway (Runway 06/24) and associated taxiways were built, and in 1956, construction was started on a control tower and a terminal building for international passengers. The new terminal was inaugurated on September 22, 1961.[8] On January 22, 1972, a fire caused substantial damage to the original terminal building, which also resulted in six casualties,[9] and a slightly smaller terminal was rebuilt in its place the following year. This second terminal would serve as the country's international terminal until 1981 when it was converted to a domestic terminal, upon the completion and opening of a new, higher-capacity terminal, known today as Terminal 1.[10] The old international terminal was later damaged by another fire in May 1985.

Assassination of Ninoy Aquino and renaming

Main article: Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.

One year after its opening, the present-day Terminal 1 became the scene of a controversial event in Philippine history on August 21, 1983. Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. was assassinated at the terminal's Gate 8 (now Gate 11) after returning to the Philippines from his self-imposed exile in the United States. Aviation Security Command (AVSECOM) personnel escorted Aquino out of the plane to the tarmac where a van owned by the agency awaited him. A single gunshot was heard, which was then identified as the shot that killed Aquino. Several shots burst out, killing the alleged assassin, Rolando Galman. Seconds later, a barrage of gunfire erupted, causing chaos in the plane, the tarmac, and the terminal. The bodies of Aquino and Galman lay on the tarmac; Aquino's body was loaded onto the van, which then sped away. Ironically, his flight number, China Airlines 811, was the same flight number that was involved in an accident three years ago at the same airport, although the aircraft involved in the 1983 assassination was a Boeing 767-200. Four years after the incident, during the presidency of Ninoy's widow Corazon Aquino in 1987, Republic Act No. 6639 was enacted without executive approval,[11] renaming the airport in Ninoy's honor.[12] Presently, a body mark of Aquino's assassination is on display at the departures area while the spot at Gate 8 where he was killed has a memorial plaque. Due to this event, Terminal 1 has also been nicknamed "Ninoy Aquino Terminal".

Expansion

Plans for a new terminal were conceived in 1989, when the Department of Transportation and Communications commissioned Aéroports de Paris to conduct a feasibility study to expand capacity. The recommendation was to build two new terminals. The government aims to return services from many of the airlines which cancelled services to Manila as a result of Terminal 1's problems.

Construction of Terminal 2 began in 1995 and was opened in 1999. Terminal 2 was nicknamed the "Centennial Terminal" as its completion in 1998 coincided with the 100th anniversary of the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain.

The original proposal for the construction of a third terminal was proposed by Asia's Emerging Dragon Corporation (AEDP).[13] AEDP eventually lost the bid to PairCargo and its partner Fraport AG of Germany, who went on to begin construction of the terminal under the administration of Joseph Estrada. In August 1997, President Fidel V. Ramos led the groundbreaking ceremony of Terminal 3.[13] The structure was mostly completed several years before, and was originally scheduled to open in, 2002. However, a legal dispute between the government of the Philippines and the project's main contractor, Philippine International Air Terminals Co. Inc. (Piatco), over the build-operate-transfer contract, delayed the final completion and opening of the terminal.[14] After several delays, Terminal 3 partially opened on July 22, 2008. Full operations were initially slated to begin by 2010,[15] then pushed back to 2011,[16] and again to 2014. Terminal 3 became fully operational on July 31, 2014.[17]

Terminal 3 controversies

While the original agreement was one in which PairCargo and Fraport AG would operate the airport for several years after its construction, followed by a handing over of the terminal to the Philippine government, the government offered to buy out Fraport AG for $400 million, to which Fraport agreed. However, before the terminal could be fully completed, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo called the contract "onerous" and therefore formed a committee to evaluate the agreement to buy out Fraport AG. In May 2003, the Supreme Court declared the concession contract and the three supplemental construction and operations contracts as null and void due to various anomalies.[18]

Certain amendments to the original contract caused the contract to be nullified. In December 2004, the Philippine government took over the terminal which led to expropriation proceedings.[19] The government was then in the process of negotiating a contract with the builder of the terminal, Takenaka Corporation, because another factor that delayed the terminal's opening was the ongoing investigation into the collapse of an area of the terminal's ceiling days before its supposed opening in March 2006.[20]

Piatco sued the government before the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), while its German partner Fraport separately sued the Philippine government at the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).[21] In 2007, the ICSID case was decided in favor of the Philippine government because of a violation of the Anti-Dummy Law by Fraport. However, this decision was annulled in 2010 due to a violation of Fraport's right to be heard.[22] A new claim by Fraport was filed at the ICSID in March 2011.[23] Piatco formally withdrew its second application to set aside the earlier ICC ruling that dismissed its claims against the Philippine government in December 2011.[24]

The ICC ruling in favor of the Philippine government became final and executory in 2012.[24]

Contemporary history

 
Cebu Pacific and Philippines AirAsia Airbus A320s at the remote gates of Terminal 3

Extortion scam reports

Main article: 2015 Ninoy Aquino International Airport bullet planting scandal

In October 2015, reports of an extortion scam concerning bullets planted by airport security officials in airline passengers' luggage (dubbed by the local media the "tanim-bala scam") spread, creating a scare among travelers.[25] Former Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte, then a presumptive presidential candidate in the 2016 Philippine presidential election, further alleged that a syndicate was behind the series of incidents. Duterte said the operation had been going on for more than two years.[26] Malacañang Palace and the Philippine Senate have since conducted an investigation of the incidents. Jose Angel Aquino Honrado, the chairman of MIAA, which manages the airport, is President Benigno Aquino III's first cousin.[27][28] In April 2016, a similar incident occurred.[29]

Rehabilitation and decongestion proposals

On February 12, 2018, a consortium of seven conglomerates consisting of Aboitiz InfraCapital Incorporated, AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation, Alliance Global Group Incorporated, Asia's Emerging Dragon Corporation, Filinvest Development Corporation, JG Summit Holdings, and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation, submitted a ₱350 billion, or US$6.75 billion, 35-year unsolicited proposal to rehabilitate, expand, operate, and maintain Ninoy Aquino International Airport.[30][31] The consortium's airport rehabilitation and expansion proposal will be divided into two phases: the improvement and expansion of terminals in the current NAIA land area, and the development of an additional runway, taxiways, passenger terminals, and associated support infrastructure. Changi Airport Consultants Pte. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Changi Airports International Pte. Ltd., will provide technical support for their unsolicited proposal.[32] Singapore's Changi Airport Group is also eyeing a 30-percent stake in this venture.[33]

On March 1, 2018, Megawide Construction Corporation and its India-based consortium partner GMR Infrastructure, the consortium which revamped Mactan–Cebu International Airport, submitted a ₱150 billion, or US$3 billion, proposal to decongest and redevelop the airport as well.[34][35] GMR-Megawide, unlike the aforementioned consortium, is not pushing for the construction of a new runway. According to GMR Megawide Mactan–Cebu International Airport Corp. chief executive adviser Andrew Harrison, such a structure would not significantly boost capacity.[35]

The NAIA consortium pulled out of the rehabilitation project in July 2020 due to undisclosed issues, and thus Megawide-GMR took over the project.[36] On December 15, 2020, however, the Manila International Airport Authority revoked the original proponent status (OPS) of Megawide-GMR, who then filed a motion for reconsideration on December 21.[37] MIAA denied the motion for reconsideration filed by Megawide-GMR on January 25, 2021.[38] In August 2022, the Department of Transportation announced a rebidding of the project within the year.[39]

Terminal rationalization

In February 2018, a plan to "rationalize" the airport terminals was announced in an effort to decongest the airport, while transferring some flights to Clark International Airport. Under the rationalization program, Terminals 1 and 3 would be fully allocated to international flights, while Terminals 2 and 4 would be fully allocated to domestic flights.[40] Airlines were initially given 45 days to transfer some of their flights to Clark International Airport, later extended to six months.[41][42]

However, Senator Grace Poe said that the rationalization plan would not ease congestion in the airport, while saying that expanding the airport would be the main solution to decongest the airport.[43]

On July 30, 2018, airport authorities announced the deferral of the rationalization program that was supposed to take place in August of that year. This was deferred due to operational constraints in the airport.[44] The rationalization started in October 2018 when four airlines transferred their operations to Terminal 3 from Terminal 1 starting from that month until January 2019.[45]

Terminals

Terminal 1

 
Exterior of Terminal 1

Terminal 1 has an area of 73,000 square meters (790,000 sq ft) and a design capacity of six million passengers per year. It is also known as the "Ninoy Aquino Terminal" since its tarmac was also the place where opposition senator Ninoy Aquino was assassinated in 1983. Being the second oldest terminal at the airport (after the Old Domestic Terminal, now called Terminal 4), Terminal 1 was completed in 1981 and opened in 1982.[10] The terminal currently serves foreign carriers operating in Manila, except for those in Terminal 3 (All Nippon Airways, Cathay Pacific, Delta Air Lines, Emirates, Etihad Airways, KLM, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, Turkish Airlines, United Airlines and Saudia Airlines). It also serves Philippine Airlines flights to and from Bali, Indonesia, Canada (Toronto and Vancouver), the Middle East, and the United States.[46]

The development of the Manila International Airport was finally approved through the promulgation of Executive Order No. 381, which authorized the airport's development. In 1973, a feasibility study/airport master plan was done by the Airways Engineering Corporation through a US$29.6 million loan from the Asian Development Bank.[47] The detailed engineering design for the project was done by Renardet-Sauti/Transplan/F.F. Cruz Consultant while the terminal's detailed architectural design was prepared by Leandro Locsin's L.V. Locsin and Associates.[48] In 1974, the detailed designs were adopted by the Philippine Government. The designs were subsequently approved by the ADB on September 18, 1975. The government chose an area close to the original site of the former Manila Airport, deciding on an area of land governed by Parañaque, which was at the time a municipality of Metro Manila. Actual work on the terminal began during the second quarter of 1978.

The terminal reached capacity in 1991, when it registered a total passenger volume of 4.53 million. Since 1991, the terminal has been over capacity and has been recording an annual average growth rate of 11%,[48] but improvements to the airport have increased its capacity from 4.5 million to six million passengers yearly.[49] Compared to international terminals in other Asian countries, Terminal 1 has consistently ranked at the bottom due to limited and outdated facilities, poor passenger comfort, and crowding.[50] From 2011 to 2013, Terminal 1 was on the list of worst airports in Asia and the world by the travel website "The Guide to Sleeping In Airports", ranking on number one.[51]

Transport authorities planned to rehabilitate Terminal 1; the plans were approved by President Benigno Aquino III. The upgrade includes the expansion of the arrival area, addition of parking spaces, and improvement of other terminal facilities.[52] Renovations began on January 23, 2014.[53] The project included the installation of buckling restrained braces to strengthen the structural integrity of the building, and a much-needed improvement in the interior design of the terminal.[54] Ten international airlines operating from Terminal 1 transferred to Terminal 3 from 2014 to 2020, in an effort to decongest the terminal.[55][56][57]

Terminal 2

 
The airport's control tower in front of Terminal 2.

Terminal 2, also known as the "Centennial Terminal", has an area of 75,000 square meters (810,000 sq ft), and is located at the Old MIA Road. Constructed as part of a master plan that recommended the construction of two new terminals,[48] actual construction work on the terminal begun in December 1995 and was inaugurated on May 1, 1999[58] and began operations in the same year. It has been named the Centennial Terminal in commemoration of the centennial year of the declaration of Philippine independence. The terminal was originally designed by Aéroports de Paris to be a domestic terminal, but the design was later modified to accommodate international flights.[59] It has a capacity of 2.5 million passengers per year in its international wing and five million in its domestic wing. It is able to be modified to accommodate nine million passengers per year if needed.[59]

Terminal 2 is exclusively used by Philippine Airlines and PAL Express for both its domestic and international flights. It is divided into two wings: the North Wing, for international flights, and the South Wing, which handles domestic operations. It currently has 12 jet bridges. There are several cafes and restaurants in the Terminal post-security. There is also a small duty-free section in the north wing. The need for two more terminals was proposed by a Master Plan Review of the Airport that was undertaken in 1989 by Aéroports de Paris (ADP). The study was facilitated by means of a grant from the French Government. The review cost 2.9 million French francs and was submitted to the Philippine Government for evaluation in 1990.[48]

In 1991, the French government granted a 30-million-franc soft loan to the Philippine government, which was to be used to cover the detailed architectural and engineering design of NAIA Terminal 2. ADP completed the design in 1992 and in 1994, the Japanese Government granted an 18.12-billion-yen soft loan to the Philippine Government to finance 75% of the terminal's construction costs and 100% of the supervision costs. Construction of the Centennial Terminal began on December 11, 1995, and was formally turned over to the government of the Philippines on December 28, 1998. The terminal became fully operational by 1999.[60]

In August 2014, a plan to expand Terminal 2 was announced. The plan also incorporated building a structure interconnecting Terminals 1 and 2.[61] It included the demolition of the unused Philippine Village Hotel complex beside the terminal,[62] and the relocation of a fuel depot located between the terminals to make way for the expansion.[63]

The terminal underwent rehabilitation starting in September 2018.[64] On February 16, 2021, the expanded Terminal 2 was inaugurated. The expansion added an additional 2,800 square meters (30,000 sq ft) in the terminal area.[65]

Terminal 3

 
Terminal 3 apron.

Terminal 3 is the newest and largest among the four terminals in NAIA. The construction of the terminal was also part of the 1989 expansion plan. Construction started in 1997 and was originally planned to open in 2002. Since construction, the terminal has been at the center of legal battles, red tape, and arbitration cases in both the United States and Singapore, as well as technical and safety concerns which delayed its opening several times.[14] The terminal opened on July 22, 2008,[66] increasing the airport's annual handling capacity by 13 million passengers.[67] It is built on a 63.5-hectare (157-acre) lot that sits on Villamor Air Base.

Terminal 3 is used as the main terminal for Cebu Pacific for its domestic and international operations; the airline has operated its flights in the terminal since its opening in 2008. PAL Express (formerly Air Philippines and Airphil Express) used to operate flights at the terminal until it moved to Terminal 2 in 2018.[66] The terminal is also used by the AirAsia Group (and flights operated by Philippines AirAsia) for its international flights.[46] It is also used by foreign airlines that previously operated at Terminal 1.

The US$640 million terminal, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), has a total floor area of 182,500 square meters (1,964,000 sq ft) and a total length of 1.2 kilometers (0.75 mi),[59] It has 24 boarding gates consisting of 20 contact gates accessible via jet bridges and four bus gates which transports passengers from the terminal to the plane via apron buses. Its apron area has a size of 147,400 square meters (1,587,000 sq ft) with the ability to service 28 planes at a time, later increased to 32 after the remote parking gates were increased from 8 to 12.[57] The terminal has 70 flight information displays, 314 display monitors, and 300 kilometers (190 mi) of fiber optic I.T. cabling. It also has 29 restroom blocks. The departure area has five entrances all equipped with X-ray machines with the final security check having 18 X-ray machines. Its baggage claim has seven large baggage carousels, each with its own flight display monitor.[59] A four-level shopping mall connects the terminal and parking buildings. The parking building has a capacity of 2,000 cars and the outdoor parking area has a capacity of 1,200 cars. The terminal is capable of servicing 33,000 passengers daily at peak or 6,000 passengers per hour.[68] A 220-meter-long (720 ft) footbridge that opened in April 2017, known as Runway Manila, connects the terminal with Newport City. The bridge contains moving walkways and can accommodate about 2,000 persons at any given time.[69]

All international operations, except for those from PAL, were intended to operate from Terminal 3 in the future, originally proposed to move in the fourth quarter of 2010;[15] however, Cebu Pacific and PAL Express remained the only tenants for the first two years of its operation. Prior to the start of full operations of Terminal 3, the vast majority of international flights operated from Terminal 1. All Nippon Airways became the first foreign-based carrier to operate out of Terminal 3 starting February 27, 2011.[70][71]

The terminal underwent a rehabilitation under the contractor Takenaka Corporation to improve its facilities and utilize the whole terminal. Previously, it only operated at half of its capacity awaiting the completion of the remaining system works.[72] The terminal became fully operational on July 31, 2014,[17] leading to the transfer of five international airlines to Terminal 3 to ease congestion at Terminal 1, starting with Delta Air Lines on August 1,[55] followed by KLM on August 4,[56] Emirates on August 15,[55] Singapore Airlines on September 1,[56] and Cathay Pacific on October 1.[56][57] Both United Airlines and Qantas relocated to Terminal 3 from Terminal 1 on October 28, 2018.[45] Middle Eastern carriers Qatar Airways and Turkish Airlines transferred to Terminal 3 on December 1, 2018, and January 1, 2019, respectively.[73] Etihad Airways was also transferred to Terminal 3 on October 25, 2020.[74]

Terminal 4

 
Exterior of NAIA Terminal 4

Terminal 4, named as "Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal", and still known as the Old Domestic Terminal, is the oldest of the four existing terminals, having been built in 1948.[75] With an annual capacity of three million passengers,[76] it serves all domestic flights within the Philippines that are operated by Cebgo, Philippines AirAsia (except Caticlan and Cebu),[46] and AirSWIFT, among others. There are no jet bridges and passengers walk to and from the aircraft or are occasionally bussed. Twenty-six check-in counters are located in the terminal. The departure hall has the seating capacity for 969 people at a time. Several food stores and a book and magazine stall are also available. Five baggage carousels are located in the terminal while domestic airline offices, banks, restaurants and a grocery store are also located right beside the domestic passenger terminal.[77] The Domestic Terminal is on the old Airport Road near the north end of Runway 13/31. An old hangar has since been annexed to the terminal.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in an effort to reduce operating costs due to low passenger demand, Terminal 4 remained closed while the other three terminals reopened in June 2020 after the enhanced community quarantine in Luzon was lifted. This caused domestic flights that used to operate at Terminal 4 to transfer to Terminal 3.[78] During its closure, the terminal was used as a vaccination site for employees of the airport. After a two-year hiatus, Terminal 4 reopened on March 28, 2022 in an effort to decongest Terminal 3 due to the influx of domestic passengers. Cebgo, Philippines AirAsia, and AirSWIFT returned its domestic operations to the terminal on the same day.[79]

Structure

Runways

NAIA has a primary runway that is 3,737 meters (12,260 ft) long and 60 meters (200 ft) wide,[80] running at 061°/241° (designated as Runway 06/24), and a secondary runway that is 2,258 meters (7,408 ft) long and 45 meters (148 ft) wide,[81] running at 136°/316° (designated as Runway 13/31). The primary runway was oriented at 06/24 in order to harness the southeast and southwest winds. Runway 13/31 is the original runway of the complex during the airport's time as the USAF base Nichols Field. Out of the 550 planes that fly on NAIA daily, 100 of them take the secondary runway. It mostly caters to small private planes, propeller aircraft such as the ATR 72-500, Airbus A320, and Airbus A321 aircraft, and acts as the main runway of the NAIA Terminal 4.[82]

Runway 13/31 was closed in 2020 to give way for its rehabilitation works.[83] The runway was inaugurated and reopened on February 16, 2021, along with a newly constructed taxiway that opened on the same day.[84]

Third runway plan

Former Transportation Secretary Joseph Abaya has proposed a new runway adjacent to the existing Runway 06/24.[85] The proposed runway has a length of 2,100 meters (6,900 ft) that could allow the landing of an Airbus A320 and increase the number of aircraft that the airport can handle from 40 planes per hour to about 60–70.[86] However, according to the consultant hired by the government, building the runway may affect the current operations in the main runway and considering building another terminal to be less disruptive.[87]

Previously, the Japan International Cooperation Agency proposed Sangley Point in Cavite as the site of the new international airport serving the Greater Manila Area, meaning Sangley could serve as NAIA's third runway until the long-term expansion is planned.[88]

Airbus A380 capability

 
An Airbus A380 parked on its test flight in 2007.

NAIA is one of two airports in the Philippines that meet the infrastructure requirements for the Airbus A380, the other being Clark International Airport. The airport provides MRO services conducted by Lufthansa Technik Philippines. On October 11, 2007, NAIA hosted the debut of the Airbus A380 in the Philippines, after test aircraft MSN009 (registered as F-WWEA) landed on Runway 24. The test flight demonstrated that the A380 could land on existing runways in Asia and that the primary international airport of the Philippines can support aircraft as large as the A380.[89]

However, according to Jose Angel Honrado, who served as MIAA General Manager from 2010 to 2016, NAIA is currently not capable of handling regular commercial flights on the A380, as it would "cause a lot of inconvenience and delay for other scheduled flights" due to the airport's runway and taxiway centerlines not reaching the "wing-tip-to-wing-tip clearance" safety requirement for the aircraft to operate at the airport on a regular basis.[90] Therefore, no airlines have regular commercial flights using this aircraft, although some airlines fly out their A380s to NAIA for maintenance at Lufthansa Technik Philippines. On October 7, 2014, Emirates flew their A380 to NAIA in a one-off commercial flight from and to Dubai to commemorate the transfer of the airline's operations to Terminal 3.[91] In command of the flight was Capt. Franklyn Desiderio, the first Filipino pilot certified to fly the Airbus A380.[92]

Facilities

Lufthansa Technik Philippines

Lufthansa Technik Philippines (LTP) (formerly PAL Technical Center) was founded in 2000 as a joint venture of German firm Lufthansa Technik (51%) and Philippine aviation service provider MacroAsia Corporation (49%). Lufthansa Technik Philippines offers aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services to customers.

The company focuses on maintenance checks for the Airbus A320 family and A330/A340 aircraft. Seven hangar bays and workshops have been upgraded to the latest industry standards to support aircraft maintenance, major modifications, cabin reconfigurations, engine maintenance and painting for the Airbus A320 family, A330/A340, as well as the Boeing 747-400 and 777 aircraft. A new widebody hangar was recently added to meet the increasing demand for A330/A340 base maintenance checks.

The company also opened an Airbus A380 maintenance hangar to allow the aircraft to be repaired at the airport facility.[93] Lufthansa Technik Philippines opens A380 maintenance hangar. In July 2012, A Qantas Airbus A380 completed its passenger cabin reconfiguration. It is one of the 12 Airbus A380 that was cabin reconfigured in the LTP Manila's facility.[94] It also provides total technical and engineering support for the entire Philippine Airlines, PAL Express fleet and other international airline fleets as well.[95]

Aviation Partnership (Philippines) Corporation

Aviation Partnership (Philippines) Corporation is SIA Engineering's third line maintenance joint venture outside Singapore. The joint venture of SIA Engineering Company (51%) and Cebu Pacific Air (49%) provides line maintenance, light aircraft checks and technical ramp handling as well as other services to Cebu Pacific Air and third-party airline customers.

DHL

The airport also serves as a gateway facility of the logistics company DHL. On March 12, 2006, the company opened its first quality control center at NAIA Terminal 3 to show support in its local market.[96]

Philippine Airlines

Philippine Airlines operates several aviation facilities in the Philippines. These include various training facilities for pilots and cabin crew, catering services, as well as a data center and an A320 flight simulator.[97]

Philippine Airlines also maintains training facilities both for its pilots and other crew, composed of the PAL Aviation School, the PAL Technical Center, and the PAL Learning Center. The PAL Aviation School, located within the premises of Clark Civil Aviation Complex, provides flight training for its own operations and as well as for other airlines, the Philippine government and individual students. It currently operates ten Cessna 172Rs, five of which is fitted with a Glass Cockpit Garmin G1000 for student pilots' training with complete training facilities including simulators for the Airbus A320 and for turboprop aircraft (FRASCA 142). More than 5,000 students graduated from the PAL Aviation School, eventually joining the ranks of pilots at PAL and other airlines.

PAL Learning Center, located in Manila, serves as the integrated center for Philippine Airlines flight deck crew, cabin crew, catering, technical, ticketing and ground personnel. Located at the PAL Maintenance Base Complex in Pasay, the PAL flight simulator, designed to simulate an Airbus A320, can duplicate all flight conditions complete with sound and visual system capability for day, dusk and night operations.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Air China Beijing–Capital
Air Juan Busuanga
Air Niugini Port Moresby
AirAsia Kuala Lumpur–International
AirSWIFT Busuanga, El Nido, Sicogon,[98] Tablas
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
Cebgo Busuanga, Caticlan, Cebu, Legazpi, Masbate, Naga, San Jose (Mindoro), Siargao
Cebu Pacific Bacolod, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Cauayan, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao, Denpasar, Dipolog, Dubai–International, Dumaguete, Fukuoka, General Santos, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Iloilo, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kalibo, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Legazpi, Melbourne (resumes March 26, 2023),[99] Nagoya–Centrair, Osaka–Kansai, Ozamiz, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa, Roxas, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Sydney, Tacloban, Tagbilaran, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita, Tuguegarao, Virac, Zamboanga
China Airlines Kaohsiung, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Hangzhou,[100] Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, Shenzhen
Emirates Dubai–International
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa[a]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Gulf Air Bahrain
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Jeju Air Seoul–Incheon
Jetstar Asia Singapore
Jetstar Japan Tokyo–Narita[101]
KLM Amsterdam[b]
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
Oman Air Muscat
PAL Express Bacolod, Basco, Busuanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Calbayog, Catarman, Caticlan, Cebu, Cotabato, Davao, Dipolog, Dumaguete, Iloilo, Kalibo, Laoag, Legazpi, Naga, Ozamiz, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa, Roxas, San Jose de Buenavista, Siargao, Tacloban, Tagbilaran, Zamboanga
Philippine Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Brisbane, Busan, Cebu, Dammam, Davao, Denpasar, Doha, Dubai–International, Fukuoka, General Santos, Guam, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Nagoya–Centrair, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Perth (resumes March 27, 2023),[102] Phnom Penh, Port Moresby, Riyadh, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Xiamen (resumes January 13, 2023),[103] Zamboanga
Seasonal: Wuhan[104]
Charter: Yangyang[105]
Philippines AirAsia Bacolod, Bangkok–Don Mueang, Cagayan de Oro, Caticlan, Cebu, Davao, Denpasar, Dumaguete, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Iloilo, Kalibo, Kaohsiung, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Osaka–Kansai, Puerto Princesa, Roxas, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Singapore, Tacloban, Tagbilaran, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita (begins February 1, 2023),[106] Zamboanga
Platinum Skies Vigan
Qantas Sydney
Qatar Airways Doha
Royal Air Philippines Caticlan, Cebu[107]
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh
Scoot Singapore
Singapore Airlines Singapore
SkyJet Airlines Busuanga, San Vicente
Starlux Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
Sunlight Air Charter: Busuanga, Camiguin, Caticlan, San Vicente, Siargao[108]
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
United Airlines Guam, Koror
XiamenAir Xiamen
Notes
  1. ^ Ethiopian Airlines flights from Manila to Addis Ababa make a stop in Hong Kong. However, the airline has no fifth freedom rights to carry passengers solely between Manila and Hong Kong.
  2. ^ KLM flights from Manila to Amsterdam make a stop in Bangkok. However, the airline has no fifth freedom rights to carry passengers solely between Manila and Bangkok.

Cargo

Notes
  • Philippine Airlines also maintains integrated airport ground handling services, cargo operations and a full catering service for it and other airlines.[111] This is composed of PAL Airport Services, Philippine Airlines Cargo and the PAL Inflight Center.
  • Based at both the Centennial Terminal (Terminal 2) and International Cargo Terminal of Ninoy Aquino International Airport, PAL Airport Services offers ground handling for seven international airlines calling at Manila, while Philippine Airlines Cargo processes and ships an average of 200 tonnes of Manila publications and 2 tonnes of mail daily throughout the country and 368 tonnes of cargo abroad daily.

Statistics

Data from Airports Council International[112] and the Manila International Airport Authority.[1][113][114]


Annual passenger traffic at MNL airport. See Wikidata query.
Year Passengers % change Aircraft movements % change Cargo volume (in tonnes) % change
2003 12,955,809   — — — —
2004 15,186,521   17.2 — — — —
2005 16,216,031   6.8 — — — —
2006 17,660,697   8.9 — — — —
2007 20,467,627   15.9 — — — —
2008 22,253,158   8.7 — — — —
2009 24,108,825   8.3 186,966   348,994.25  
2010 27,119,899   12.5 200,107   7.03 425,382.71   21.89
2011 29,552,264   9.0 217,743   8.81 410,377.05   3.53
2012 31,878,935   7.9 235,517   8.16 460,135.15   12.12
2013 32,865,000   3.1 237,050   0.65 457,077.17[a]   0.66
2014 34,015,169   3.5 236,441   0.26 520,402.63   13.85
2015 36,681,601   7.84 249,288   5.43 586,890.53   12.78
2016 39,516,782   7.73 258,313   3.62 630,165.69   7.37
2017 42,022,484   6.34 258,366   0.02 662,256.99   5.09
2018 45,082,544   7.28 259,698   0.52 738,697.94   11.54
2019 47,898,046   6.25 277,530   6.87 721,708.09   2.30
2020 11,145,614   76.73 91,067   67.19 533,955.78   26.01
2021 7,817,120   29.86 90,626   0.48 588,370.92   10.19
Notes
  1. ^ Excluding figures for general aviation.[115]

Ground transportation

Inter-terminal transportation

The Manila International Airport Authority runs a shuttle bus system which connects all four terminals for passengers who have onward connections on flights departing from another terminal.[116] Shuttle buses run every fifteen minutes during daytime hours, but passengers are required to clear immigration and customs to use the system.

Philippine Airlines operates an airside shuttle service between Terminals 1, 2 and 3 for passengers connecting to onward PAL Express flights and vice versa.

External connections

Bus

See also: Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service

Nine city bus routes serve the airport from various points in Metro Manila, eight which go via Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), and one via Circumferential Road 5 (C-5). Route 18 or the PITX-NAIA Loop route of the Metro Manila Rationalized Bus Transit also stops at all four airport terminals and connects the airport to the Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange.

Ultimate Bus Experience (UBE Express) operates a Premium Airport Bus Service that serves on all NAIA Terminals and hotels and commercial areas located in the cities of Manila, Makati, Muntinlupa, Quezon City, Pasay, and Parañaque, all in Metro Manila, and the city of Santa Rosa in Laguna. It also has stops at JAM Liner, Philtranco and Victory Liner terminals in Pasay for passengers going to/coming from the provinces of Northern and Southern Luzon. These buses pick-up exclusively at Terminal 3 and drop-off at any of the four Terminals.

HM Transport provides an Airport loop shuttle bus and Premium Point-to-point bus service from Taft Avenue MRT Station and Alabang in Muntinlupa to NAIA Terminal 3. Genesis Transport also provides Premium Point-to-point bus service to Clark International Airport from NAIA Terminal 3. Saulog Transit also provides Premium Point-to-point bus service to Sangley Point Airport in Cavite City from NAIA.

Jeepney

All four terminals are also served by local jeepney routes serving Parañaque and Pasay.

Rail

 
The Nichols railway station with the elevated roads above leading to the airport

The airport is connected, albeit indirectly, by rail: Baclaran station of the Manila LRT Line 1 and Nichols station of the Philippine National Railways both serve the airport complex.

In the future, with the extension of the existing LRT Line 1, a new station, Manila International Airport station, is set to connect the airport, albeit still indirectly, to the LRT-1. A four-station spur extension of the LRT Line 1, directly connecting Terminal 3 to Baclaran, is also proposed.

Under the new LRT Line 6 proposal, a station will be built near Terminal 1. Once approved, it will directly connect Cavite province with NAIA.[117]

A station of the Metro Manila Subway line will connect the airport directly by rail.[118]

Road

Main article: NAIA Expressway
 
The NAIA Expressway is the first airport expressway in the Philippines.

The NAIA Expressway or NAIA Skyway is the first airport expressway and second elevated tollway in the Philippines. It starts from Sales Interchange of Skyway at the boundary of Pasay and Taguig and ends in Entertainment City, Parañaque. The access ramps of the expressway connects with Terminals 1, 2 and 3 of the airport and also connects with Macapagal Boulevard for motorists and commuters going to/coming from Manila and Manila-Cavite Expressway or CAVITEx for motorists and commuters travelling to/from the province of Cavite.

Renaming proposals

There have been several efforts to rename the airport. In May 2018, lawyer Larry Gadon led an online petition at change.org aiming to restore the original name of the airport, Manila International Airport (MIA). Gadon said the renaming of MIA to NAIA in 1987 was "well in advance of the 10-year prescription period for naming public sites after dead personalities".[119]

In June 2020, Deputy Speaker Paolo Duterte, citing the need of the airport to represent the Filipino people, filed a bill seeking to rename the airport to Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Pilipinas. The bill was also authored by Marinduque Representative Lord Allan Velasco and ACT-CIS Representative Eric Go Yap.[120]

In August 2020, Gadon filed a petition before the Supreme Court questioning the validity of Republic Act 6639, the law which renamed the Manila International Airport to Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA). Gadon asserted that Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. is not among the "pantheon" of the country's declared official heroes. A month later, the Supreme Court unanimously denied for lack of merit the petition to declare the law null and void.[121]

In April 2022, Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema filed a bill renaming the airport to its original name, Manila International Airport, and stressed the name should not have been "politicized in the first place".[122] Cardema refiled a similar bill in July 2022.[123]

In June 2022, Negros Oriental Representative Arnolfo Teves Jr. filed a bill renaming the airport to Ferdinand E. Marcos International Airport after former president Ferdinand Marcos, who authorized the airport's rehabilitation and development through an executive order in 1972.[124] Teves stressed that it is "more appropriate to rename it to the person who has contributed to the idea and execution of the said noble project".[125]

Accidents and incidents

  • On July 25, 1971, a Pan American World Airways Boeing 707-321C named "Clipper Rising Sun" was on a cargo flight from San Francisco via Honolulu, Guam and Manila to Saigon. While on a VOR/DME approach to Manila runway 24, the aircraft struck Mount Kamunay at an altitude of 770 meters (2,525 ft). All 4 occupants were killed.[126]
  • On November 15, 1974, an Orient Air System and Integrated Services Douglas C-47A registered RP-C570 was damaged beyond economical repair when a forced landing was made in a paddy field shortly after take-off from Manila International Airport following failure of the starboard engine. One of the eight people on board was killed.[127]
  • On February 7, 1980, a China Airlines Boeing 707 from Taipei Chiang Kai-Shek International Airport operating as Flight 811 undershot the runway on landing and caught fire. Of all the 135 on board, there were only 2 fatalities.[128]
  • On September 15, 1981, a Korean Airlines Boeing 747 originating from Seoul, South Korea, and bound for Zürich, Switzerland, overshot the runway during takeoff and hit the airport perimeter fence, with its nose blocking traffic on the service road of South Luzon Expressway. The plane had a one-hour layover in Manila when the accident happened. Forty out of the 332 passengers and 20 crew were injured.[129][130]
  • On December 13, 1983, a Philair Douglas C-47B registered RP-C287 crashed shortly after takeoff following an engine failure. The aircraft was on a non-scheduled passenger flight. All ten people on board survived.[131]
  • On April 28, 1989, a MATS Douglas C-47A registered RP-C81 crashed shortly after takeoff on a non-scheduled domestic passenger flight to Roxas Airport following an engine failure. MATS did not have a licence to fly passengers. Seven of the 22 passengers were killed. The aircraft had earlier made a forced landing on a taxiway at the airport.[132]
  • On May 6, 1989, a Manila Aero Transport System (MATS) Douglas C-47A registered RP-C82 crashed on takeoff following an engine failure. The aircraft was being used on a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight although it was not licensed to carry passengers. All 18 people on board survived.[133]
  • On July 21, 1989, a Philippine Airlines BAC One-Eleven operating Flight 124 overran a runway in poor visibility and heavy rain. No passengers or crew on board were killed but eight people on the ground were killed when the jet crossed a road.[134]
  • On May 11, 1990, a Philippine Airlines Boeing 737-300 operating Flight 143 suffered an explosion in the center fuel tank near the terminal of the airport while preparing for takeoff. The fire and smoke engulfed the aircraft before it could be completely evacuated. The explosion was similar to what happened to TWA Flight 800 six years later. Eight people died.[135]
  • On May 18, 1990, an Aerolift Philippines Beechcraft 1900C-1 operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight bound for Surigao Airport crashed into a residential area following takeoff. The aircraft reportedly suffered an engine failure. All 21 occupants and 4 people on the ground were killed.[136]
  • On September 4, 2002, an Asian Spirit de Havilland Canada Dash 7-102 operating Flight 897, carrying 49 occupants, was the last flight of the day to Caticlan and departed the Manila domestic airport at 15:36 for a one-hour flight. On approach to Caticlan Airport, the right main gear failed to deploy. The approach was abandoned and the crew decided to return to Manila for an emergency landing. The plane circled for about 35 minutes over Las Piñas to burn off fuel. The crew then carried out an emergency landing with the right gear retracted on Manila's international airport runway 24. After touchdown, the aircraft swerved off the runway onto a grassy area. There were no reported injuries or fatalities, but the aircraft was written off.[137]
  • On November 11, 2002, a Laoag International Airlines Fokker F27 operating Flight 585 took off from Manila runway 31 just after 6 o'clock for a flight to Laoag International Airport. Shortly after takeoff, engine trouble developed in the aircraft's left engine. The pilot declared an emergency and he tried to land the plane but decided at the last minute to ditch it into the sea. The aircraft broke up and sank in the water to a depth of about 18 meters (60 ft). 19 of the 34 occupants were killed.[138]
  • On August 23, 2009, a South East Asian Airlines Dornier 328 registered RP-C6328 operating Flight 624 was hit by strong crosswinds when decelerating after landing on runway 13. The aircraft veered off the runway and came to a stop in the grass. None of the 32 passengers and 3 crews was injured. The airport had to be temporarily closed to tow the aircraft away.[139]
  • On October 17, 2009, a Victoria Air Douglas DC-3, registered RP-C550, crashed shortly after takeoff on a flight to Puerto Princesa International Airport after an engine malfunctioned. The plane crashed near a factory in Las Piñas. All on board died.[140]
  • On December 10, 2011, a Beechcraft 65–80 Queen Air cargo plane en route to San Jose crashed into the Felixberto Serrano Elementary School in Parañaque, Metro Manila. The plane crashed after takeoff straight into the school. The cause of the crash was pilot error. At least 14 people including 3 crew members on board the aircraft died, and over 20 people were injured. Approximately 50 houses in the residential area were set ablaze by the subsequent fire.[141]
  • On August 16, 2018, Xiamen Airlines Flight 8667 crash-landed amidst heavy monsoon rains. The 737-800 skidded off the end of the runway. All 157 passengers and crew were unharmed, however, the aircraft was written off.[142] According to Flightradar24 data, the flight aborted its first landing attempt.[143]
  • On December 14, 2019, Jetstar Japan Flight 40, an Airbus A320 bound for Narita, experienced a runway excursion while positioning for takeoff at Runway 13/31. All 140 passengers and crew evacuated safely.[144]
  • On March 29, 2020, a Lionair IAI Westwind registered RP-C5880 burst into flames on the airport's runway 24 as it was taking off. The plane was conducting a medical evacuation mission bound for Haneda Airport, Japan. All eight occupants consisting of three aircraft crew, three medical crew, and two passengers on board the aircraft died.[145]
  • On March 8, 2022, Cebgo Flight 6112 from Naga utilizing an ATR 72-600 aircraft experienced a runway excursion while landing. Following the incident, all 46 passengers and crew disembarked safely, and no injuries were reported.[146]
  • On June 20, 2022, Saudia Flight 862 from Riyadh veered off a taxiway after landing. All 420 passengers and crews disembarked the Boeing 777 aircraft with no injuries.[147]
  • On January 1, 2023, a power outage at CAAP's Air Traffic Management Center in the airport resulted in 282 flights being cancelled or diverted and left 56,000 passengers stranded.[148][149]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ Runway 06 is 3,557 meters (11,670 ft) long with a displaced threshold of 180 meters (590 ft) and 24 is 3,587 meters (11,768 ft) long with a displaced threshold of 150 meters (490 ft).
  2. ^ Runway 13 is 2,108 meters (6,916 ft) long with a displaced threshold of 150 meters (490 ft).

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Further reading

  • Fraport AG and the NAIA-3 Debacle: A Case Study Ben Kritz, GR Business Online © 2011

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
  • Manila International Airport Authority
  • Current weather for RPLL at NOAA/NWS
  • Accident history for MNL at Aviation Safety Network
  • Interactive satellite view of NAIA

January 13, 2023
ninoy, aquino, international, airport, manila, airport, redirects, here, other, uses, manila, airport, disambiguation, current, military, this, facility, villamor, base, former, military, this, facility, nichols, field, this, article, require, copy, editing, g. Manila Airport redirects here For other uses see Manila Airport disambiguation For the current military use of this facility see Villamor Air Base For the former military use of this facility see Nichols Field This article may require copy editing for grammar style cohesion tone or spelling You can assist by editing it April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Ninoy Aquino International Airport NAIA ˈ n aɪ e locally n ɑː ˈ iː j e Filipino Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino or Pandaigdigang Paliparan ng Ninoy Aquino IATA MNL ICAO RPLL originally known and still commonly referred to as Manila International Airport MIA is the main international airport serving the city of Manila and the metropolitan area of the same name Located between the cities of Pasay and Paranaque about 7 kilometers 4 3 mi south of Manila proper and southwest of Makati NAIA is the main gateway for travelers to the Philippines and serves as a hub for AirSWIFT Cebgo Cebu Pacific PAL Express and Philippine Airlines and as the main operating base for Philippines AirAsia It is managed by the Manila International Airport Authority MIAA an agency of the Department of Transportation DOTr 2 Ninoy Aquino International AirportPaliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy AquinoIATA MNLICAO RPLLWMO 98429SummaryAirport typePublic MilitaryOwner OperatorManila International Airport AuthorityServesGreater Manila AreaLocationParanaque and Pasay Metro Manila PhilippinesOpened1948 75 years ago 1948 Hub forAirSWIFTCebgoCebu PacificPAL ExpressPhilippine AirlinesFocus city forPhilippines AirAsiaTime zonePHT UTC 08 00 Elevation AMSL23 m 75 ftCoordinates14 30 30 N 121 01 11 E 14 50833 N 121 01972 E 14 50833 121 01972 Coordinates 14 30 30 N 121 01 11 E 14 50833 N 121 01972 E 14 50833 121 01972Websitewww wbr miaa wbr gov wbr phMapsMNL RPLLLocation in Manila PhilippinesShow map of ManilaMNL RPLLMNL RPLL Philippines Show map of PhilippinesMNL RPLLMNL RPLL Southeast Asia Show map of Southeast AsiaMNL RPLLMNL RPLL Asia Show map of AsiaRunwaysDirection Length Surfacem ft06 24 note 1 3 737 12 260 Asphalt13 31 note 2 2 258 7 408 Asphalt ConcreteStatistics 2021 Passengers7 817 120 29 86 Aircraft movements90 626 0 48 Cargo in tonnes 588 370 92 10 19 Source Manila International Airport Authority 1 The airport is named after Senator Ninoy Aquino 1932 1983 who was assassinated at the airport on August 21 1983 Officially NAIA is the only airport serving the Metro Manila area However in practice both NAIA and Clark International Airport located in the Clark Freeport Zone in Pampanga serve the metropolis with Clark catering mostly to low cost carriers because of its lower landing fees compared to those charged at NAIA In the recent past there have been calls for Clark to replace NAIA eventually as the primary airport of the Philippines 3 In an effort to reduce congestion at the airport two new airports are being constructed New Manila International Airport located in Bulacan to serve both Metro Manila and Central Luzon and Sangley Point Airport located on reclaimed land in Cavite City 4 The completion of either airport would relieve pressure on NAIA s existing infrastructure Contents 1 History 1 1 Early history 1 2 Assassination of Ninoy Aquino and renaming 1 3 Expansion 1 3 1 Terminal 3 controversies 1 4 Contemporary history 1 4 1 Extortion scam reports 1 4 2 Rehabilitation and decongestion proposals 1 4 3 Terminal rationalization 2 Terminals 2 1 Terminal 1 2 2 Terminal 2 2 3 Terminal 3 2 4 Terminal 4 3 Structure 3 1 Runways 3 1 1 Third runway plan 3 2 Airbus A380 capability 4 Facilities 4 1 Lufthansa Technik Philippines 4 2 Aviation Partnership Philippines Corporation 4 3 DHL 4 4 Philippine Airlines 5 Airlines and destinations 5 1 Passenger 5 2 Cargo 6 Statistics 7 Ground transportation 7 1 Inter terminal transportation 7 2 External connections 7 2 1 Bus 7 2 2 Jeepney 7 2 3 Rail 7 2 4 Road 8 Renaming proposals 9 Accidents and incidents 10 See also 11 Notes and references 11 1 Notes 11 2 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory Edit Old Nielson Field Terminal Tower Nichols Field runway with Manila in the background taken prior to 1941 Early history Edit The original airport that served Manila Grace Park Airfield also known as Manila North in Grace Park Caloocan then a municipality of Rizal was opened in 1935 It was the city s first commercial airport and was used by Philippine Aerial Taxi Company later Philippine Airlines for its first domestic routes 5 In July 1937 Nielson Airport located in the 45 hectare 4 800 000 sq ft land in Makati also then in Rizal was inaugurated and served as the gateway to Manila its runways now form Ayala Avenue and Paseo de Roxas 6 Following the end of World War II and Philippine independence from the United States Grace Park Airfield closed whereas Nielson Airport continued to operate until 1948 when it was decommissioned and all airport operations were moved to the current site Nichols Field due to the easier terrain gradient expanse of greenfield land and the USAF base runway Runway 13 31 which could be used for the airport 7 The original structure designed by Frederico Illustre was built on what is now the site of Terminal 2 In 1954 the airport s longer international runway Runway 06 24 and associated taxiways were built and in 1956 construction was started on a control tower and a terminal building for international passengers The new terminal was inaugurated on September 22 1961 8 On January 22 1972 a fire caused substantial damage to the original terminal building which also resulted in six casualties 9 and a slightly smaller terminal was rebuilt in its place the following year This second terminal would serve as the country s international terminal until 1981 when it was converted to a domestic terminal upon the completion and opening of a new higher capacity terminal known today as Terminal 1 10 The old international terminal was later damaged by another fire in May 1985 Assassination of Ninoy Aquino and renaming Edit Main article Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr One year after its opening the present day Terminal 1 became the scene of a controversial event in Philippine history on August 21 1983 Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr was assassinated at the terminal s Gate 8 now Gate 11 after returning to the Philippines from his self imposed exile in the United States Aviation Security Command AVSECOM personnel escorted Aquino out of the plane to the tarmac where a van owned by the agency awaited him A single gunshot was heard which was then identified as the shot that killed Aquino Several shots burst out killing the alleged assassin Rolando Galman Seconds later a barrage of gunfire erupted causing chaos in the plane the tarmac and the terminal The bodies of Aquino and Galman lay on the tarmac Aquino s body was loaded onto the van which then sped away Ironically his flight number China Airlines 811 was the same flight number that was involved in an accident three years ago at the same airport although the aircraft involved in the 1983 assassination was a Boeing 767 200 Four years after the incident during the presidency of Ninoy s widow Corazon Aquino in 1987 Republic Act No 6639 was enacted without executive approval 11 renaming the airport in Ninoy s honor 12 Presently a body mark of Aquino s assassination is on display at the departures area while the spot at Gate 8 where he was killed has a memorial plaque Due to this event Terminal 1 has also been nicknamed Ninoy Aquino Terminal Expansion Edit Plans for a new terminal were conceived in 1989 when the Department of Transportation and Communications commissioned Aeroports de Paris to conduct a feasibility study to expand capacity The recommendation was to build two new terminals The government aims to return services from many of the airlines which cancelled services to Manila as a result of Terminal 1 s problems Construction of Terminal 2 began in 1995 and was opened in 1999 Terminal 2 was nicknamed the Centennial Terminal as its completion in 1998 coincided with the 100th anniversary of the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain The original proposal for the construction of a third terminal was proposed by Asia s Emerging Dragon Corporation AEDP 13 AEDP eventually lost the bid to PairCargo and its partner Fraport AG of Germany who went on to begin construction of the terminal under the administration of Joseph Estrada In August 1997 President Fidel V Ramos led the groundbreaking ceremony of Terminal 3 13 The structure was mostly completed several years before and was originally scheduled to open in 2002 However a legal dispute between the government of the Philippines and the project s main contractor Philippine International Air Terminals Co Inc Piatco over the build operate transfer contract delayed the final completion and opening of the terminal 14 After several delays Terminal 3 partially opened on July 22 2008 Full operations were initially slated to begin by 2010 15 then pushed back to 2011 16 and again to 2014 Terminal 3 became fully operational on July 31 2014 17 Terminal 3 controversies Edit While the original agreement was one in which PairCargo and Fraport AG would operate the airport for several years after its construction followed by a handing over of the terminal to the Philippine government the government offered to buy out Fraport AG for 400 million to which Fraport agreed However before the terminal could be fully completed President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo called the contract onerous and therefore formed a committee to evaluate the agreement to buy out Fraport AG In May 2003 the Supreme Court declared the concession contract and the three supplemental construction and operations contracts as null and void due to various anomalies 18 Certain amendments to the original contract caused the contract to be nullified In December 2004 the Philippine government took over the terminal which led to expropriation proceedings 19 The government was then in the process of negotiating a contract with the builder of the terminal Takenaka Corporation because another factor that delayed the terminal s opening was the ongoing investigation into the collapse of an area of the terminal s ceiling days before its supposed opening in March 2006 20 Piatco sued the government before the International Chamber of Commerce ICC while its German partner Fraport separately sued the Philippine government at the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSID 21 In 2007 the ICSID case was decided in favor of the Philippine government because of a violation of the Anti Dummy Law by Fraport However this decision was annulled in 2010 due to a violation of Fraport s right to be heard 22 A new claim by Fraport was filed at the ICSID in March 2011 23 Piatco formally withdrew its second application to set aside the earlier ICC ruling that dismissed its claims against the Philippine government in December 2011 24 The ICC ruling in favor of the Philippine government became final and executory in 2012 24 Contemporary history Edit Cebu Pacific and Philippines AirAsia Airbus A320s at the remote gates of Terminal 3 Extortion scam reports Edit Main article 2015 Ninoy Aquino International Airport bullet planting scandal In October 2015 reports of an extortion scam concerning bullets planted by airport security officials in airline passengers luggage dubbed by the local media the tanim bala scam spread creating a scare among travelers 25 Former Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte then a presumptive presidential candidate in the 2016 Philippine presidential election further alleged that a syndicate was behind the series of incidents Duterte said the operation had been going on for more than two years 26 Malacanang Palace and the Philippine Senate have since conducted an investigation of the incidents Jose Angel Aquino Honrado the chairman of MIAA which manages the airport is President Benigno Aquino III s first cousin 27 28 In April 2016 a similar incident occurred 29 Rehabilitation and decongestion proposals Edit On February 12 2018 a consortium of seven conglomerates consisting of Aboitiz InfraCapital Incorporated AC Infrastructure Holdings Corporation Alliance Global Group Incorporated Asia s Emerging Dragon Corporation Filinvest Development Corporation JG Summit Holdings and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation submitted a 350 billion or US 6 75 billion 35 year unsolicited proposal to rehabilitate expand operate and maintain Ninoy Aquino International Airport 30 31 The consortium s airport rehabilitation and expansion proposal will be divided into two phases the improvement and expansion of terminals in the current NAIA land area and the development of an additional runway taxiways passenger terminals and associated support infrastructure Changi Airport Consultants Pte Ltd a wholly owned subsidiary of Changi Airports International Pte Ltd will provide technical support for their unsolicited proposal 32 Singapore s Changi Airport Group is also eyeing a 30 percent stake in this venture 33 On March 1 2018 Megawide Construction Corporation and its India based consortium partner GMR Infrastructure the consortium which revamped Mactan Cebu International Airport submitted a 150 billion or US 3 billion proposal to decongest and redevelop the airport as well 34 35 GMR Megawide unlike the aforementioned consortium is not pushing for the construction of a new runway According to GMR Megawide Mactan Cebu International Airport Corp chief executive adviser Andrew Harrison such a structure would not significantly boost capacity 35 The NAIA consortium pulled out of the rehabilitation project in July 2020 due to undisclosed issues and thus Megawide GMR took over the project 36 On December 15 2020 however the Manila International Airport Authority revoked the original proponent status OPS of Megawide GMR who then filed a motion for reconsideration on December 21 37 MIAA denied the motion for reconsideration filed by Megawide GMR on January 25 2021 38 In August 2022 the Department of Transportation announced a rebidding of the project within the year 39 Terminal rationalization Edit In February 2018 a plan to rationalize the airport terminals was announced in an effort to decongest the airport while transferring some flights to Clark International Airport Under the rationalization program Terminals 1 and 3 would be fully allocated to international flights while Terminals 2 and 4 would be fully allocated to domestic flights 40 Airlines were initially given 45 days to transfer some of their flights to Clark International Airport later extended to six months 41 42 However Senator Grace Poe said that the rationalization plan would not ease congestion in the airport while saying that expanding the airport would be the main solution to decongest the airport 43 On July 30 2018 airport authorities announced the deferral of the rationalization program that was supposed to take place in August of that year This was deferred due to operational constraints in the airport 44 The rationalization started in October 2018 when four airlines transferred their operations to Terminal 3 from Terminal 1 starting from that month until January 2019 45 Terminals EditTerminal 1 Edit Exterior of Terminal 1 Terminal 1 has an area of 73 000 square meters 790 000 sq ft and a design capacity of six million passengers per year It is also known as the Ninoy Aquino Terminal since its tarmac was also the place where opposition senator Ninoy Aquino was assassinated in 1983 Being the second oldest terminal at the airport after the Old Domestic Terminal now called Terminal 4 Terminal 1 was completed in 1981 and opened in 1982 10 The terminal currently serves foreign carriers operating in Manila except for those in Terminal 3 All Nippon Airways Cathay Pacific Delta Air Lines Emirates Etihad Airways KLM Qantas Qatar Airways Singapore Airlines Turkish Airlines United Airlines and Saudia Airlines It also serves Philippine Airlines flights to and from Bali Indonesia Canada Toronto and Vancouver the Middle East and the United States 46 The development of the Manila International Airport was finally approved through the promulgation of Executive Order No 381 which authorized the airport s development In 1973 a feasibility study airport master plan was done by the Airways Engineering Corporation through a US 29 6 million loan from the Asian Development Bank 47 The detailed engineering design for the project was done by Renardet Sauti Transplan F F Cruz Consultant while the terminal s detailed architectural design was prepared by Leandro Locsin s L V Locsin and Associates 48 In 1974 the detailed designs were adopted by the Philippine Government The designs were subsequently approved by the ADB on September 18 1975 The government chose an area close to the original site of the former Manila Airport deciding on an area of land governed by Paranaque which was at the time a municipality of Metro Manila Actual work on the terminal began during the second quarter of 1978 The terminal reached capacity in 1991 when it registered a total passenger volume of 4 53 million Since 1991 the terminal has been over capacity and has been recording an annual average growth rate of 11 48 but improvements to the airport have increased its capacity from 4 5 million to six million passengers yearly 49 Compared to international terminals in other Asian countries Terminal 1 has consistently ranked at the bottom due to limited and outdated facilities poor passenger comfort and crowding 50 From 2011 to 2013 Terminal 1 was on the list of worst airports in Asia and the world by the travel website The Guide to Sleeping In Airports ranking on number one 51 Transport authorities planned to rehabilitate Terminal 1 the plans were approved by President Benigno Aquino III The upgrade includes the expansion of the arrival area addition of parking spaces and improvement of other terminal facilities 52 Renovations began on January 23 2014 53 The project included the installation of buckling restrained braces to strengthen the structural integrity of the building and a much needed improvement in the interior design of the terminal 54 Ten international airlines operating from Terminal 1 transferred to Terminal 3 from 2014 to 2020 in an effort to decongest the terminal 55 56 57 Terminal 2 Edit The airport s control tower in front of Terminal 2 Terminal 2 also known as the Centennial Terminal has an area of 75 000 square meters 810 000 sq ft and is located at the Old MIA Road Constructed as part of a master plan that recommended the construction of two new terminals 48 actual construction work on the terminal begun in December 1995 and was inaugurated on May 1 1999 58 and began operations in the same year It has been named the Centennial Terminal in commemoration of the centennial year of the declaration of Philippine independence The terminal was originally designed by Aeroports de Paris to be a domestic terminal but the design was later modified to accommodate international flights 59 It has a capacity of 2 5 million passengers per year in its international wing and five million in its domestic wing It is able to be modified to accommodate nine million passengers per year if needed 59 Terminal 2 is exclusively used by Philippine Airlines and PAL Express for both its domestic and international flights It is divided into two wings the North Wing for international flights and the South Wing which handles domestic operations It currently has 12 jet bridges There are several cafes and restaurants in the Terminal post security There is also a small duty free section in the north wing The need for two more terminals was proposed by a Master Plan Review of the Airport that was undertaken in 1989 by Aeroports de Paris ADP The study was facilitated by means of a grant from the French Government The review cost 2 9 million French francs and was submitted to the Philippine Government for evaluation in 1990 48 In 1991 the French government granted a 30 million franc soft loan to the Philippine government which was to be used to cover the detailed architectural and engineering design of NAIA Terminal 2 ADP completed the design in 1992 and in 1994 the Japanese Government granted an 18 12 billion yen soft loan to the Philippine Government to finance 75 of the terminal s construction costs and 100 of the supervision costs Construction of the Centennial Terminal began on December 11 1995 and was formally turned over to the government of the Philippines on December 28 1998 The terminal became fully operational by 1999 60 In August 2014 a plan to expand Terminal 2 was announced The plan also incorporated building a structure interconnecting Terminals 1 and 2 61 It included the demolition of the unused Philippine Village Hotel complex beside the terminal 62 and the relocation of a fuel depot located between the terminals to make way for the expansion 63 The terminal underwent rehabilitation starting in September 2018 64 On February 16 2021 the expanded Terminal 2 was inaugurated The expansion added an additional 2 800 square meters 30 000 sq ft in the terminal area 65 Terminal 3 Edit Terminal 3 apron Terminal 3 is the newest and largest among the four terminals in NAIA The construction of the terminal was also part of the 1989 expansion plan Construction started in 1997 and was originally planned to open in 2002 Since construction the terminal has been at the center of legal battles red tape and arbitration cases in both the United States and Singapore as well as technical and safety concerns which delayed its opening several times 14 The terminal opened on July 22 2008 66 increasing the airport s annual handling capacity by 13 million passengers 67 It is built on a 63 5 hectare 157 acre lot that sits on Villamor Air Base Terminal 3 is used as the main terminal for Cebu Pacific for its domestic and international operations the airline has operated its flights in the terminal since its opening in 2008 PAL Express formerly Air Philippines and Airphil Express used to operate flights at the terminal until it moved to Terminal 2 in 2018 66 The terminal is also used by the AirAsia Group and flights operated by Philippines AirAsia for its international flights 46 It is also used by foreign airlines that previously operated at Terminal 1 The US 640 million terminal designed by Skidmore Owings and Merrill SOM has a total floor area of 182 500 square meters 1 964 000 sq ft and a total length of 1 2 kilometers 0 75 mi 59 It has 24 boarding gates consisting of 20 contact gates accessible via jet bridges and four bus gates which transports passengers from the terminal to the plane via apron buses Its apron area has a size of 147 400 square meters 1 587 000 sq ft with the ability to service 28 planes at a time later increased to 32 after the remote parking gates were increased from 8 to 12 57 The terminal has 70 flight information displays 314 display monitors and 300 kilometers 190 mi of fiber optic I T cabling It also has 29 restroom blocks The departure area has five entrances all equipped with X ray machines with the final security check having 18 X ray machines Its baggage claim has seven large baggage carousels each with its own flight display monitor 59 A four level shopping mall connects the terminal and parking buildings The parking building has a capacity of 2 000 cars and the outdoor parking area has a capacity of 1 200 cars The terminal is capable of servicing 33 000 passengers daily at peak or 6 000 passengers per hour 68 A 220 meter long 720 ft footbridge that opened in April 2017 known as Runway Manila connects the terminal with Newport City The bridge contains moving walkways and can accommodate about 2 000 persons at any given time 69 All international operations except for those from PAL were intended to operate from Terminal 3 in the future originally proposed to move in the fourth quarter of 2010 15 however Cebu Pacific and PAL Express remained the only tenants for the first two years of its operation Prior to the start of full operations of Terminal 3 the vast majority of international flights operated from Terminal 1 All Nippon Airways became the first foreign based carrier to operate out of Terminal 3 starting February 27 2011 70 71 The terminal underwent a rehabilitation under the contractor Takenaka Corporation to improve its facilities and utilize the whole terminal Previously it only operated at half of its capacity awaiting the completion of the remaining system works 72 The terminal became fully operational on July 31 2014 17 leading to the transfer of five international airlines to Terminal 3 to ease congestion at Terminal 1 starting with Delta Air Lines on August 1 55 followed by KLM on August 4 56 Emirates on August 15 55 Singapore Airlines on September 1 56 and Cathay Pacific on October 1 56 57 Both United Airlines and Qantas relocated to Terminal 3 from Terminal 1 on October 28 2018 45 Middle Eastern carriers Qatar Airways and Turkish Airlines transferred to Terminal 3 on December 1 2018 and January 1 2019 respectively 73 Etihad Airways was also transferred to Terminal 3 on October 25 2020 74 Terminal 4 Edit Exterior of NAIA Terminal 4 Terminal 4 named as Manila Domestic Passenger Terminal and still known as the Old Domestic Terminal is the oldest of the four existing terminals having been built in 1948 75 With an annual capacity of three million passengers 76 it serves all domestic flights within the Philippines that are operated by Cebgo Philippines AirAsia except Caticlan and Cebu 46 and AirSWIFT among others There are no jet bridges and passengers walk to and from the aircraft or are occasionally bussed Twenty six check in counters are located in the terminal The departure hall has the seating capacity for 969 people at a time Several food stores and a book and magazine stall are also available Five baggage carousels are located in the terminal while domestic airline offices banks restaurants and a grocery store are also located right beside the domestic passenger terminal 77 The Domestic Terminal is on the old Airport Road near the north end of Runway 13 31 An old hangar has since been annexed to the terminal Due to the COVID 19 pandemic and in an effort to reduce operating costs due to low passenger demand Terminal 4 remained closed while the other three terminals reopened in June 2020 after the enhanced community quarantine in Luzon was lifted This caused domestic flights that used to operate at Terminal 4 to transfer to Terminal 3 78 During its closure the terminal was used as a vaccination site for employees of the airport After a two year hiatus Terminal 4 reopened on March 28 2022 in an effort to decongest Terminal 3 due to the influx of domestic passengers Cebgo Philippines AirAsia and AirSWIFT returned its domestic operations to the terminal on the same day 79 Structure EditRunways Edit NAIA has a primary runway that is 3 737 meters 12 260 ft long and 60 meters 200 ft wide 80 running at 061 241 designated as Runway 06 24 and a secondary runway that is 2 258 meters 7 408 ft long and 45 meters 148 ft wide 81 running at 136 316 designated as Runway 13 31 The primary runway was oriented at 06 24 in order to harness the southeast and southwest winds Runway 13 31 is the original runway of the complex during the airport s time as the USAF base Nichols Field Out of the 550 planes that fly on NAIA daily 100 of them take the secondary runway It mostly caters to small private planes propeller aircraft such as the ATR 72 500 Airbus A320 and Airbus A321 aircraft and acts as the main runway of the NAIA Terminal 4 82 Runway 13 31 was closed in 2020 to give way for its rehabilitation works 83 The runway was inaugurated and reopened on February 16 2021 along with a newly constructed taxiway that opened on the same day 84 Third runway plan Edit Former Transportation Secretary Joseph Abaya has proposed a new runway adjacent to the existing Runway 06 24 85 The proposed runway has a length of 2 100 meters 6 900 ft that could allow the landing of an Airbus A320 and increase the number of aircraft that the airport can handle from 40 planes per hour to about 60 70 86 However according to the consultant hired by the government building the runway may affect the current operations in the main runway and considering building another terminal to be less disruptive 87 Previously the Japan International Cooperation Agency proposed Sangley Point in Cavite as the site of the new international airport serving the Greater Manila Area meaning Sangley could serve as NAIA s third runway until the long term expansion is planned 88 Airbus A380 capability Edit An Airbus A380 parked on its test flight in 2007 NAIA is one of two airports in the Philippines that meet the infrastructure requirements for the Airbus A380 the other being Clark International Airport The airport provides MRO services conducted by Lufthansa Technik Philippines On October 11 2007 NAIA hosted the debut of the Airbus A380 in the Philippines after test aircraft MSN009 registered as F WWEA landed on Runway 24 The test flight demonstrated that the A380 could land on existing runways in Asia and that the primary international airport of the Philippines can support aircraft as large as the A380 89 However according to Jose Angel Honrado who served as MIAA General Manager from 2010 to 2016 NAIA is currently not capable of handling regular commercial flights on the A380 as it would cause a lot of inconvenience and delay for other scheduled flights due to the airport s runway and taxiway centerlines not reaching the wing tip to wing tip clearance safety requirement for the aircraft to operate at the airport on a regular basis 90 Therefore no airlines have regular commercial flights using this aircraft although some airlines fly out their A380s to NAIA for maintenance at Lufthansa Technik Philippines On October 7 2014 Emirates flew their A380 to NAIA in a one off commercial flight from and to Dubai to commemorate the transfer of the airline s operations to Terminal 3 91 In command of the flight was Capt Franklyn Desiderio the first Filipino pilot certified to fly the Airbus A380 92 Facilities EditLufthansa Technik Philippines Edit Lufthansa Technik Philippines LTP formerly PAL Technical Center was founded in 2000 as a joint venture of German firm Lufthansa Technik 51 and Philippine aviation service provider MacroAsia Corporation 49 Lufthansa Technik Philippines offers aircraft maintenance repair and overhaul MRO services to customers The company focuses on maintenance checks for the Airbus A320 family and A330 A340 aircraft Seven hangar bays and workshops have been upgraded to the latest industry standards to support aircraft maintenance major modifications cabin reconfigurations engine maintenance and painting for the Airbus A320 family A330 A340 as well as the Boeing 747 400 and 777 aircraft A new widebody hangar was recently added to meet the increasing demand for A330 A340 base maintenance checks The company also opened an Airbus A380 maintenance hangar to allow the aircraft to be repaired at the airport facility 93 Lufthansa Technik Philippines opens A380 maintenance hangar In July 2012 A Qantas Airbus A380 completed its passenger cabin reconfiguration It is one of the 12 Airbus A380 that was cabin reconfigured in the LTP Manila s facility 94 It also provides total technical and engineering support for the entire Philippine Airlines PAL Express fleet and other international airline fleets as well 95 Aviation Partnership Philippines Corporation Edit Aviation Partnership Philippines Corporation is SIA Engineering s third line maintenance joint venture outside Singapore The joint venture of SIA Engineering Company 51 and Cebu Pacific Air 49 provides line maintenance light aircraft checks and technical ramp handling as well as other services to Cebu Pacific Air and third party airline customers DHL Edit The airport also serves as a gateway facility of the logistics company DHL On March 12 2006 the company opened its first quality control center at NAIA Terminal 3 to show support in its local market 96 Philippine Airlines Edit Philippine Airlines operates several aviation facilities in the Philippines These include various training facilities for pilots and cabin crew catering services as well as a data center and an A320 flight simulator 97 Philippine Airlines also maintains training facilities both for its pilots and other crew composed of the PAL Aviation School the PAL Technical Center and the PAL Learning Center The PAL Aviation School located within the premises of Clark Civil Aviation Complex provides flight training for its own operations and as well as for other airlines the Philippine government and individual students It currently operates ten Cessna 172Rs five of which is fitted with a Glass Cockpit Garmin G1000 for student pilots training with complete training facilities including simulators for the Airbus A320 and for turboprop aircraft FRASCA 142 More than 5 000 students graduated from the PAL Aviation School eventually joining the ranks of pilots at PAL and other airlines PAL Learning Center located in Manila serves as the integrated center for Philippine Airlines flight deck crew cabin crew catering technical ticketing and ground personnel Located at the PAL Maintenance Base Complex in Pasay the PAL flight simulator designed to simulate an Airbus A320 can duplicate all flight conditions complete with sound and visual system capability for day dusk and night operations Airlines and destinations EditPassenger Edit AirlinesDestinationsAir ChinaBeijing CapitalAir JuanBusuangaAir NiuginiPort MoresbyAirAsiaKuala Lumpur InternationalAirSWIFTBusuanga El Nido Sicogon 98 TablasAll Nippon AirwaysTokyo Haneda Tokyo NaritaAsiana AirlinesSeoul IncheonCathay PacificHong KongCebgoBusuanga Caticlan Cebu Legazpi Masbate Naga San Jose Mindoro SiargaoCebu PacificBacolod Bandar Seri Begawan Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Beijing Capital Butuan Cagayan de Oro Caticlan Cauayan Cebu Cotabato Davao Denpasar Dipolog Dubai International Dumaguete Fukuoka General Santos Guangzhou Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City Hong Kong Iloilo Jakarta Soekarno Hatta Kalibo Kota Kinabalu Kuala Lumpur International Legazpi Melbourne resumes March 26 2023 99 Nagoya Centrair Osaka Kansai Ozamiz Pagadian Puerto Princesa Roxas Seoul Incheon Singapore Sydney Tacloban Tagbilaran Taipei Taoyuan Tokyo Narita Tuguegarao Virac ZamboangaChina AirlinesKaohsiung Taipei TaoyuanChina Eastern AirlinesHangzhou 100 Shanghai PudongChina Southern AirlinesGuangzhou ShenzhenEmiratesDubai InternationalEthiopian AirlinesAddis Ababa a Etihad AirwaysAbu DhabiEVA AirTaipei TaoyuanGulf AirBahrainHong Kong AirlinesHong KongJapan AirlinesTokyo Haneda Tokyo NaritaJeju AirSeoul IncheonJetstar AsiaSingaporeJetstar JapanTokyo Narita 101 KLMAmsterdam b Korean AirSeoul IncheonKuwait AirwaysKuwait CityMalaysia AirlinesKuala Lumpur InternationalOman AirMuscatPAL ExpressBacolod Basco Busuanga Butuan Cagayan de Oro Calbayog Catarman Caticlan Cebu Cotabato Davao Dipolog Dumaguete Iloilo Kalibo Laoag Legazpi Naga Ozamiz Pagadian Puerto Princesa Roxas San Jose de Buenavista Siargao Tacloban Tagbilaran ZamboangaPhilippine AirlinesBangkok Suvarnabhumi Brisbane Busan Cebu Dammam Davao Denpasar Doha Dubai International Fukuoka General Santos Guam Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City Hong Kong Honolulu Jakarta Soekarno Hatta Kuala Lumpur International Los Angeles Melbourne Nagoya Centrair New York JFK Osaka Kansai Perth resumes March 27 2023 102 Phnom Penh Port Moresby Riyadh San Francisco Seoul Incheon Singapore Sydney Taipei Taoyuan Tokyo Haneda Tokyo Narita Toronto Pearson Vancouver Xiamen resumes January 13 2023 103 ZamboangaSeasonal Wuhan 104 Charter Yangyang 105 Philippines AirAsiaBacolod Bangkok Don Mueang Cagayan de Oro Caticlan Cebu Davao Denpasar Dumaguete Guangzhou Hong Kong Iloilo Kalibo Kaohsiung Kota Kinabalu Kuala Lumpur International Osaka Kansai Puerto Princesa Roxas Seoul Incheon Shanghai Pudong Shenzhen Singapore Tacloban Tagbilaran Taipei Taoyuan Tokyo Narita begins February 1 2023 106 ZamboangaPlatinum SkiesViganQantasSydneyQatar AirwaysDohaRoyal Air PhilippinesCaticlan Cebu 107 Royal Brunei AirlinesBandar Seri BegawanSaudiaJeddah RiyadhScootSingaporeSingapore AirlinesSingaporeSkyJet AirlinesBusuanga San VicenteStarlux AirlinesTaipei TaoyuanSunlight AirCharter Busuanga Camiguin Caticlan San Vicente Siargao 108 Thai Airways InternationalBangkok SuvarnabhumiTurkish AirlinesIstanbulUnited AirlinesGuam KororXiamenAirXiamenNotes Ethiopian Airlines flights from Manila to Addis Ababa make a stop in Hong Kong However the airline has no fifth freedom rights to carry passengers solely between Manila and Hong Kong KLM flights from Manila to Amsterdam make a stop in Bangkok However the airline has no fifth freedom rights to carry passengers solely between Manila and Bangkok Cargo Edit AirlinesDestinationsAir Hong KongHong KongAsia Cargo AirlinesSingaporeAsiana CargoSeoul IncheonCathay Pacific CargoHong KongChina Airlines CargoHong Kong Penang Singapore Taipei TaoyuanDonghai AirlinesShenzhenFedEx ExpressGuangzhou Hong Kong Memphis Shanghai Pudong Shenzhen SydneyKorean Air CargoPenang Seoul IncheonMASkargoHong Kong Kuala Lumpur International Kuching Taipei TaoyuanMy Indo AirlinesSingaporeSF AirlinesShenzhen 109 YTO Cargo AirlinesHangzhou 110 NotesPhilippine Airlines also maintains integrated airport ground handling services cargo operations and a full catering service for it and other airlines 111 This is composed of PAL Airport Services Philippine Airlines Cargo and the PAL Inflight Center Based at both the Centennial Terminal Terminal 2 and International Cargo Terminal of Ninoy Aquino International Airport PAL Airport Services offers ground handling for seven international airlines calling at Manila while Philippine Airlines Cargo processes and ships an average of 200 tonnes of Manila publications and 2 tonnes of mail daily throughout the country and 368 tonnes of cargo abroad daily Statistics EditData from Airports Council International 112 and the Manila International Airport Authority 1 113 114 Annual passenger traffic at MNL airport See Wikidata query Year Passengers change Aircraft movements change Cargo volume in tonnes change2003 12 955 809 2004 15 186 521 17 2 2005 16 216 031 6 8 2006 17 660 697 8 9 2007 20 467 627 15 9 2008 22 253 158 8 7 2009 24 108 825 8 3 186 966 348 994 25 2010 27 119 899 12 5 200 107 7 03 425 382 71 21 892011 29 552 264 9 0 217 743 8 81 410 377 05 3 532012 31 878 935 7 9 235 517 8 16 460 135 15 12 122013 32 865 000 3 1 237 050 0 65 457 077 17 a 0 662014 34 015 169 3 5 236 441 0 26 520 402 63 13 852015 36 681 601 7 84 249 288 5 43 586 890 53 12 782016 39 516 782 7 73 258 313 3 62 630 165 69 7 372017 42 022 484 6 34 258 366 0 02 662 256 99 5 092018 45 082 544 7 28 259 698 0 52 738 697 94 11 542019 47 898 046 6 25 277 530 6 87 721 708 09 2 302020 11 145 614 76 73 91 067 67 19 533 955 78 26 012021 7 817 120 29 86 90 626 0 48 588 370 92 10 19Notes Excluding figures for general aviation 115 Ground transportation EditInter terminal transportation Edit The Manila International Airport Authority runs a shuttle bus system which connects all four terminals for passengers who have onward connections on flights departing from another terminal 116 Shuttle buses run every fifteen minutes during daytime hours but passengers are required to clear immigration and customs to use the system Philippine Airlines operates an airside shuttle service between Terminals 1 2 and 3 for passengers connecting to onward PAL Express flights and vice versa External connections Edit Bus Edit See also Premium Point to Point Bus Service Nine city bus routes serve the airport from various points in Metro Manila eight which go via Epifanio de los Santos Avenue EDSA and one via Circumferential Road 5 C 5 Route 18 or the PITX NAIA Loop route of the Metro Manila Rationalized Bus Transit also stops at all four airport terminals and connects the airport to the Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange Ultimate Bus Experience UBE Express operates a Premium Airport Bus Service that serves on all NAIA Terminals and hotels and commercial areas located in the cities of Manila Makati Muntinlupa Quezon City Pasay and Paranaque all in Metro Manila and the city of Santa Rosa in Laguna It also has stops at JAM Liner Philtranco and Victory Liner terminals in Pasay for passengers going to coming from the provinces of Northern and Southern Luzon These buses pick up exclusively at Terminal 3 and drop off at any of the four Terminals HM Transport provides an Airport loop shuttle bus and Premium Point to point bus service from Taft Avenue MRT Station and Alabang in Muntinlupa to NAIA Terminal 3 Genesis Transport also provides Premium Point to point bus service to Clark International Airport from NAIA Terminal 3 Saulog Transit also provides Premium Point to point bus service to Sangley Point Airport in Cavite City from NAIA Jeepney Edit All four terminals are also served by local jeepney routes serving Paranaque and Pasay Rail Edit The Nichols railway station with the elevated roads above leading to the airport The airport is connected albeit indirectly by rail Baclaran station of the Manila LRT Line 1 and Nichols station of the Philippine National Railways both serve the airport complex In the future with the extension of the existing LRT Line 1 a new station Manila International Airport station is set to connect the airport albeit still indirectly to the LRT 1 A four station spur extension of the LRT Line 1 directly connecting Terminal 3 to Baclaran is also proposed Under the new LRT Line 6 proposal a station will be built near Terminal 1 Once approved it will directly connect Cavite province with NAIA 117 A station of the Metro Manila Subway line will connect the airport directly by rail 118 Road Edit Main article NAIA Expressway The NAIA Expressway is the first airport expressway in the Philippines The NAIA Expressway or NAIA Skyway is the first airport expressway and second elevated tollway in the Philippines It starts from Sales Interchange of Skyway at the boundary of Pasay and Taguig and ends in Entertainment City Paranaque The access ramps of the expressway connects with Terminals 1 2 and 3 of the airport and also connects with Macapagal Boulevard for motorists and commuters going to coming from Manila and Manila Cavite Expressway or CAVITEx for motorists and commuters travelling to from the province of Cavite Renaming proposals EditThere have been several efforts to rename the airport In May 2018 lawyer Larry Gadon led an online petition at change org aiming to restore the original name of the airport Manila International Airport MIA Gadon said the renaming of MIA to NAIA in 1987 was well in advance of the 10 year prescription period for naming public sites after dead personalities 119 In June 2020 Deputy Speaker Paolo Duterte citing the need of the airport to represent the Filipino people filed a bill seeking to rename the airport to Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Pilipinas The bill was also authored by Marinduque Representative Lord Allan Velasco and ACT CIS Representative Eric Go Yap 120 In August 2020 Gadon filed a petition before the Supreme Court questioning the validity of Republic Act 6639 the law which renamed the Manila International Airport to Ninoy Aquino International Airport NAIA Gadon asserted that Senator Benigno Aquino Jr is not among the pantheon of the country s declared official heroes A month later the Supreme Court unanimously denied for lack of merit the petition to declare the law null and void 121 In April 2022 Duterte Youth Representative Ducielle Cardema filed a bill renaming the airport to its original name Manila International Airport and stressed the name should not have been politicized in the first place 122 Cardema refiled a similar bill in July 2022 123 In June 2022 Negros Oriental Representative Arnolfo Teves Jr filed a bill renaming the airport to Ferdinand E Marcos International Airport after former president Ferdinand Marcos who authorized the airport s rehabilitation and development through an executive order in 1972 124 Teves stressed that it is more appropriate to rename it to the person who has contributed to the idea and execution of the said noble project 125 Accidents and incidents EditOn July 25 1971 a Pan American World Airways Boeing 707 321C named Clipper Rising Sun was on a cargo flight from San Francisco via Honolulu Guam and Manila to Saigon While on a VOR DME approach to Manila runway 24 the aircraft struck Mount Kamunay at an altitude of 770 meters 2 525 ft All 4 occupants were killed 126 On November 15 1974 an Orient Air System and Integrated Services Douglas C 47A registered RP C570 was damaged beyond economical repair when a forced landing was made in a paddy field shortly after take off from Manila International Airport following failure of the starboard engine One of the eight people on board was killed 127 On February 7 1980 a China Airlines Boeing 707 from Taipei Chiang Kai Shek International Airport operating as Flight 811 undershot the runway on landing and caught fire Of all the 135 on board there were only 2 fatalities 128 On September 15 1981 a Korean Airlines Boeing 747 originating from Seoul South Korea and bound for Zurich Switzerland overshot the runway during takeoff and hit the airport perimeter fence with its nose blocking traffic on the service road of South Luzon Expressway The plane had a one hour layover in Manila when the accident happened Forty out of the 332 passengers and 20 crew were injured 129 130 On December 13 1983 a Philair Douglas C 47B registered RP C287 crashed shortly after takeoff following an engine failure The aircraft was on a non scheduled passenger flight All ten people on board survived 131 On April 28 1989 a MATS Douglas C 47A registered RP C81 crashed shortly after takeoff on a non scheduled domestic passenger flight to Roxas Airport following an engine failure MATS did not have a licence to fly passengers Seven of the 22 passengers were killed The aircraft had earlier made a forced landing on a taxiway at the airport 132 On May 6 1989 a Manila Aero Transport System MATS Douglas C 47A registered RP C82 crashed on takeoff following an engine failure The aircraft was being used on a domestic non scheduled passenger flight although it was not licensed to carry passengers All 18 people on board survived 133 On July 21 1989 a Philippine Airlines BAC One Eleven operating Flight 124 overran a runway in poor visibility and heavy rain No passengers or crew on board were killed but eight people on the ground were killed when the jet crossed a road 134 On May 11 1990 a Philippine Airlines Boeing 737 300 operating Flight 143 suffered an explosion in the center fuel tank near the terminal of the airport while preparing for takeoff The fire and smoke engulfed the aircraft before it could be completely evacuated The explosion was similar to what happened to TWA Flight 800 six years later Eight people died 135 On May 18 1990 an Aerolift Philippines Beechcraft 1900C 1 operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight bound for Surigao Airport crashed into a residential area following takeoff The aircraft reportedly suffered an engine failure All 21 occupants and 4 people on the ground were killed 136 On September 4 2002 an Asian Spirit de Havilland Canada Dash 7 102 operating Flight 897 carrying 49 occupants was the last flight of the day to Caticlan and departed the Manila domestic airport at 15 36 for a one hour flight On approach to Caticlan Airport the right main gear failed to deploy The approach was abandoned and the crew decided to return to Manila for an emergency landing The plane circled for about 35 minutes over Las Pinas to burn off fuel The crew then carried out an emergency landing with the right gear retracted on Manila s international airport runway 24 After touchdown the aircraft swerved off the runway onto a grassy area There were no reported injuries or fatalities but the aircraft was written off 137 On November 11 2002 a Laoag International Airlines Fokker F27 operating Flight 585 took off from Manila runway 31 just after 6 o clock for a flight to Laoag International Airport Shortly after takeoff engine trouble developed in the aircraft s left engine The pilot declared an emergency and he tried to land the plane but decided at the last minute to ditch it into the sea The aircraft broke up and sank in the water to a depth of about 18 meters 60 ft 19 of the 34 occupants were killed 138 On August 23 2009 a South East Asian Airlines Dornier 328 registered RP C6328 operating Flight 624 was hit by strong crosswinds when decelerating after landing on runway 13 The aircraft veered off the runway and came to a stop in the grass None of the 32 passengers and 3 crews was injured The airport had to be temporarily closed to tow the aircraft away 139 On October 17 2009 a Victoria Air Douglas DC 3 registered RP C550 crashed shortly after takeoff on a flight to Puerto Princesa International Airport after an engine malfunctioned The plane crashed near a factory in Las Pinas All on board died 140 On December 10 2011 a Beechcraft 65 80 Queen Air cargo plane en route to San Jose crashed into the Felixberto Serrano Elementary School in Paranaque Metro Manila The plane crashed after takeoff straight into the school The cause of the crash was pilot error At least 14 people including 3 crew members on board the aircraft died and over 20 people were injured Approximately 50 houses in the residential area were set ablaze by the subsequent fire 141 On August 16 2018 Xiamen Airlines Flight 8667 crash landed amidst heavy monsoon rains The 737 800 skidded off the end of the runway All 157 passengers and crew were unharmed however the aircraft was written off 142 According to Flightradar24 data the flight aborted its first landing attempt 143 On December 14 2019 Jetstar Japan Flight 40 an Airbus A320 bound for Narita experienced a runway excursion while positioning for takeoff at Runway 13 31 All 140 passengers and crew evacuated safely 144 On March 29 2020 a Lionair IAI Westwind registered RP C5880 burst into flames on the airport s runway 24 as it was taking off The plane was conducting a medical evacuation mission bound for Haneda Airport Japan All eight occupants consisting of three aircraft crew three medical crew and two passengers on board the aircraft died 145 On March 8 2022 Cebgo Flight 6112 from Naga utilizing an ATR 72 600 aircraft experienced a runway excursion while landing Following the incident all 46 passengers and crew disembarked safely and no injuries were reported 146 On June 20 2022 Saudia Flight 862 from Riyadh veered off a taxiway after landing All 420 passengers and crews disembarked the Boeing 777 aircraft with no injuries 147 On January 1 2023 a power outage at CAAP s Air Traffic Management Center in the airport resulted in 282 flights being cancelled or diverted and left 56 000 passengers stranded 148 149 See also Edit Transport portal Aviation portal Philippines portalNichols Field Colonel Jesus Villamor Air Base List of airports in the Philippines List of airports in the Greater Manila AreaNotes and references EditNotes Edit Runway 06 is 3 557 meters 11 670 ft long with a displaced threshold of 180 meters 590 ft and 24 is 3 587 meters 11 768 ft long with a displaced threshold of 150 meters 490 ft Runway 13 is 2 108 meters 6 916 ft long with a displaced threshold of 150 meters 490 ft References Edit a b Ninoy Aquino International Airport Passenger and Flight Statistics from 2014 to 2022 PDF Manila International Airport Authority August 15 2022 Retrieved August 21 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Creating the Manila International Airport Authority Transferring Existing Assets of the Manila International Airport to the Authority and Vesting the Authority with Power to Administer and Operate the Manila International Airport Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines Republic of the Philippines Retrieved October 24 2013 Arroyo wants DMIA to become top airport amid plan to close NAIA GMA News and Public Affairs January 29 2008 Consortium Backed By Billionaire Lucio Tan s MacroAsia Wins 11 Billion Philippine Airport Project Forbes September 16 2022 Retrieved October 13 2022 Grace Park Airfield Manila North Pacific Wrecks December 30 2013 Retrieved August 25 2014 Nielson Airport Filipinas Heritage Library Archived from the original on August 21 2014 Retrieved August 25 2014 The airport as a cultural and functional showcase Case of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport PDF Retrieved September 13 2014 Manila s International Airport Gateway to the world The Philippine Star November 10 2001 Retrieved September 10 2014 Sarasota Herald Tribune Google News Archive Search google com a b TERMINAL 1 Archived October 14 2007 at the Wayback Machine Republic Act No 6639 November 27 1987 An Act Renaming the Manila International Airport as the Ninoy Aquino International Airport archived from the original on January 23 2018 retrieved May 8 2020 TODAY IN HISTORY Ninoy Aquino assassinated at airport InterAksyon com Archived from the original on August 8 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 a b Impossible Dream Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved September 13 2014 a b NAIA 3 inspected again for Monday opening report GMA News GMA News and Public Affairs June 26 2008 Retrieved August 25 2014 a b Aquino targets NAIA 3 full operations in December ABS CBN News August 2 2010 Retrieved June 28 2012 New NAIA 3 target in 2011 Over 55 operational ABS CBN News January 20 2011 Retrieved June 28 2012 a b Calleja Nina August 2 2014 Naia Terminal 3 finally starts full operations Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved April 18 2017 PIATCO NAIA3 Deal Null and Void Supreme Court newsflash org May 6 2003 Retrieved August 20 2014 Palace forms task force for NAIA 3 opening GMA News GMA News and Public Affairs June 18 2008 Retrieved August 20 2014 NAIA terminal 3 ceiling falls off one more time GMA News GMA News and Public Affairs September 11 2008 Retrieved August 19 2014 PH Government wins NAIA 3 case against PIATCO Port Calls Asia January 21 2012 Retrieved August 25 2014 Arbitral award annulled for violation of claimant s right to be heard practicallaw com Fraport files new claim at ICSID over expropriation of airport terminal project Annulment committee ruling paved way for new hearing by finding breach of investor s right to be heard iareporter com March 31 2011 a b It s final Phl gov t wins NAIA 3 case in Singapore The Philippine Star January 27 2012 Archived from the original on January 31 2013 Retrieved June 28 2012 Philippine Airport Security Allegedly Put Bullets In Bags Newsy October 30 2015 Retrieved November 3 2015 Tesiorna Ben O November 3 2015 Duterte says syndicate is behind tanim bala extortion scheme CNN Philippines Retrieved November 3 2015 Philippine legislators angered by Manila bullet scam BBC News October 29 2015 Retrieved November 3 2015 Casayuran Mario Fernandez Ariel Torregoza Hannah October 31 2015 Uproar over NAIA bullet mess widens Manila Bulletin Retrieved November 3 2015 Fernandez Ariel April 19 2016 Laglag bala rears its ugly head anew Manila Bulletin Retrieved April 28 2016 via www mb com ph DOTr to review P350 billion NAIA rehabilitation proposal Rappler Retrieved March 7 2018 Conglomerates form Super Consortium to propose NAIA upgrade Rappler Retrieved March 7 2018 Super consortium taps Singapore airport operator for NAIA rehab bid GMA News Retrieved March 7 2018 Camus Miguel R Changi Airport eyes up to 30 stake in P350 B Naia project Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved March 7 2018 GMR Megawide submits 3bn plan for Ninoy Aquino airport Airport Technology Airport Technology March 5 2018 Retrieved March 7 2018 a b GMR Megawide takes on Goliath in bid to rebuild NAIA ABS CBN News Retrieved March 7 2018 Lopez Melissa Luz Megawide GMR replaces NAIA Consortium in airport rehab project CNN Philippines Retrieved July 17 2020 Marasigan Lorenz Megawide partner seek return of OPS on Naia Business Mirror Retrieved January 9 2021 Cabuenas Jon Viktor D January 26 2021 Megawide officially loses NAIA rehab bid GMA News Online Retrieved June 3 2021 Abadilla Emmie V August 15 2022 DOTR to rebid NAIA rehab this year Manila Bulletin Retrieved August 21 2022 Patena Aerol John February 27 2018 DOTr pushes flight rationalization in NAIA Philippine News Agency Retrieved October 18 2022 Manalastas Jester P Alvarez okays six months to decongest NAIA Retrieved March 7 2018 Airlines given 6 months to move flights to Clark BusinessMirror BusinessMirror Retrieved March 7 2018 Legaspi Amita March 8 2018 Poe NAIA rationalization plan will not solve airport congestion GMA News Retrieved October 18 2022 Rationalization of NAIA terminals deferred ABS CBN News July 30 2018 Retrieved October 18 2022 a b The Exciting Centennial of Philippine Aviation NAIA Terminal Rationalization Takes Effect a b c Some PAL AirAsia flights to change NAIA terminals starting December ABS CBN News November 27 2022 Retrieved November 27 2022 LN0164 PHI Manila International Airport Development Asian Development Bank December 11 1973 Retrieved August 25 2014 a b c d Airport Terminal 1 dead link Manila International Airport Authority Archived April 14 2006 at the Wayback Machine Accessed September 7 2006 About NAIA Terminal 1 125 60 203 88 Archived from the original on February 10 2013 Retrieved April 15 2013 Reviews of Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport with Passenger reviews about Manila Ninoy Aquino Airport standards airlinequality com Santos Rudy October 19 2017 NAIA no longer on worst airports list The Philippine Star Retrieved December 20 2017 PNoy okays P1 16B budget for NAIA 1 facelift ABS CBN News January 2 2012 Retrieved December 20 2014 NAIA 1 rehab underway The Philippine Star January 24 2014 Archived from the original on August 11 2014 Retrieved July 29 2014 Steel braces to make Naia quake resistant Philippine Daily Inquirer August 27 2014 Retrieved August 27 2014 a b c Major foreign airlines move to NAIA 3 next week GMA News GMA News and Public Affairs July 24 2014 Retrieved July 31 2014 a b c d Delta Airlines moves to NAIA Terminal 3 ABS CBN News July 31 2014 Retrieved July 31 2014 a b c 5 international airlines relocating to NAIA Terminal 3 GMA News GMA News and Public Affairs June 12 2014 Retrieved July 29 2014 Farolan mistaken Ramos pushed airport dev t Philippine Daily Inquirer May 9 2011 Retrieved September 13 2014 a b c d Ninoy Aquino International Airport Philippines Airport Technology Retrieved September 13 2014 Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 2 Philippines PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 27 2015 Retrieved October 5 2014 DOTC eyes interconnecting NAIA terminals 1 and 2 Rappler August 1 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Gov t mulls over Naia Terminal 2 expansion Philippine Daily Inquirer August 2 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 DOTC eyes interconnection of NAIA 1 and 2 The Philippine Star August 2 2014 Retrieved August 16 2014 Avadilla Emmie V February 18 2019 NAIA terminal 2 rehab in full swing Manila Bulletin Retrieved August 29 2022 NAIA Inaugurates Improved Runway Expanded Terminal 2 Pageone ph February 17 2021 Retrieved February 17 2021 a b Planes start flying out of NAIA 3 for 1st time Philippine Daily Inquirer July 22 2008 Archived from the original on October 10 2012 Retrieved June 28 2012 Environmental Impact Assessment EIA Summary with attachments Resettlement Action Plan Other International Finance Corporation Retrieved August 5 2014 P1 3 B NAIA 1 rehabilitation awarded to D M Consunji Manila Bulletin December 23 2013 Retrieved August 19 2014 Vicoy Ali April 18 2017 Sign of 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Domestic Terminal Archived from the original on April 25 2008 Cabalza Dexter June 2 2020 Only 3 of 4 NAIA terminals to operate Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved August 21 2022 Arayata Ma Cristina March 28 2022 106 flights scheduled on NAIA Terminal 4 reopening Philippine News Agency Retrieved August 21 2022 Cabalza Dexter March 11 2019 Repair of Naia s main runway months ahead of schedule Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved August 29 2022 Mercene Recto February 17 2021 Much improved runway 13 31 at Naia inaugurated BusinessMirror Retrieved August 29 2022 2nd runway opened in NAIA for early morning flights Philippine Daily Inquirer May 29 2013 Retrieved October 22 2014 Rehabilitated NAIA Runway 13 31 timely accomplishment for reopening of more destinations vaccine distribution AirAsia CEO Ricky Isla Philippines AirAsia February 16 2021 Retrieved August 29 2022 Fernandez Ariel February 16 2021 NAIA s new P500 M runway extension inaugurated Manila Bulletin Retrieved February 16 2021 Another Runway planned for Ninoy Aquino International Airport Philippine Flight Network May 16 2014 Retrieved October 22 2014 New NAIA Runway Construction Begins Philippine Flight Network May 23 2014 Retrieved October 22 2014 Gov t eyeing another NAIA terminal BusinessWorld December 16 2014 Retrieved December 20 2014 Sangley Airport eyed as NAIA s third runway ABS CBN News May 23 2014 Retrieved October 22 2014 Jumbo airbus lands at NAIA manilamaildc net Archived from the original on August 10 2014 Retrieved October 22 2014 Bayos Kris October 9 2014 NAIA not capable of accommodating A380 flights regularly Manila Bulletin Retrieved December 8 2015 Calleja Nina P October 6 2014 Emirates to fly world s largest passenger plane to Manila Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved October 7 2014 Emirates to fly A380 to Manila Business Traveller October 1 2014 Retrieved October 7 2014 Hernandez Zen October 9 2014 Meet Pinoy pilot who flew world s largest plane ABS CBN News Retrieved January 19 2018 Lufthansa Technik Philippines opens A380 maintenance hangar Aircraft Interiors International Retrieved August 25 2014 First A380 repair completed in Manila Philippine Daily Inquirer July 30 2012 Retrieved October 22 2014 Portrait Lufthansa Technik Philippines Lufthansa Technik AG www lufthansa technik com Mary Anne Ll Reyes March 12 2006 DHL opens first quality control center in RP at NAIA The Philippine Star Retrieved October 22 2014 B737 300 Full Flight Simulator Philippine Airlines Archived from the original on April 4 2008 Retrieved April 27 2008 De La Cruz Christa I December 20 2022 You Can Now Fly Direct to the Island Paradise of Sicogon SPOT ph Retrieved December 23 2022 CEBU PACIFIC REOPENS MELBOURNE BOOKINGS IN MAR APR 2023 Aeroroutes December 14 2022 Retrieved December 14 2022 CHINA EASTERN NW22 INTERNATIONAL REGIONAL OPERATIONS 16OCT22 AeroRoutes Retrieved October 19 2022 JETSTAR JAPAN RESUMES MANILA FLIGHTS IN DEC 2022 AeroRoutes Retrieved October 28 2022 PHILIPPINE AIRLINES RESUMES PERTH SERVICE IN LATE MARCH 2023 AeroRoutes Retrieved December 8 2022 PHILIPPINE AIRLINES RESUMES XIAMEN SERVICE FROM MID JAN 2023 AeroRoutes Retrieved December 28 2022 PHILIPPINE AIRLINES NW22 KOREA CHINA NETWORK ADDITIONS AeroRoutes Retrieved September 13 2022 PHILIPPINE AIRLINES SCHEDULES YANGYANG CHARTERS IN DEC 2022 AeroRoutes October 13 2022 CORDERO TED AirAsia Philippines to launch Manila Tokyo flight in Feb 2023 GMA News Network Retrieved November 26 2022 ROYALAIR PHILIPPINES ADDS MANILA CEBU SERVICE FROM LATE NOV 2022 AeroRoutes Retrieved October 31 2022 Rodriguez Mia November 15 2022 Fly Straight to Siargao With This Airline s New Direct Route spot ph Retrieved November 18 2022 SF Airlines launches Shenzhen Manila int l cargo route Xinhua English news cn YTO Cargo Airlines launches new routes to Philippines Uzbekistan Air Cargo World July 18 2019 Philippine Airlines Cargo Philippine Airlines Archived from the original on January 4 2007 Retrieved April 27 2008 Airport Council International Archived January 3 2009 at the Wayback Machine Cargo PDF August 10 2014 Archived from the original PDF on August 10 2014 Ninoy Aquino International Airport Cargo Statistics from 2014 to 2022 PDF Manila International Airport Authority August 15 2022 Retrieved August 26 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Annual Report 2013 PDF Manila International Airport Authority Report p 10 Retrieved October 18 2022 Airport Shuttle Service Manila International Airport Authority Archived from the original on March 5 2016 Retrieved October 26 2015 LRT6 Executive Summary English PDF Environmental Management Bureau Department of Environment and Natural Resources August 15 2019 Retrieved February 19 2021 comms Economic Managers approve Metro Manila Subway with extension to NAIA Archived from the original on August 18 2018 Retrieved August 18 2018 Lawyer leads petition to restore MIA s name SunStar May 31 2018 Archived from the original on June 3 2018 Retrieved July 7 2022 Cervantes Filane Mikee June 25 2020 3 solons propose to rename NAIA Philippine News Agency Archived from the original on August 29 2020 Retrieved July 7 2022 Pulta Benjamin September 9 2020 SC junks suit seeking to void law renaming MIA to NAIA Philippine News Agency Archived from the original on July 7 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Cervantes Filane Mikee Solon wants NAIA renamed Manila International Airport Philippine News Agency Archived from the original on April 18 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Cervantes Filane Mikee July 7 2022 Bill renaming NAIA back to Manila Int l Airport refiled Philippine News Agency Archived from the original on July 7 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 FACT CHECK Lawmaker s Claim that NAIA Was Built Under Marcos Sr s Term Is False Misleading One News July 7 2022 Retrieved January 1 2023 Solon proposes to rename NAIA to Ferdinand E Marcos International Airport CNN Philippines July 5 2022 Archived from the original on July 7 2022 Retrieved July 7 2022 Harro Ranter July 25 1971 ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707 321C N461PA Manila International Airport MNL aviation safety net Accident description Aviation Safety Network Retrieved August 24 2010 AirDisaster Com Accident Photo China Airlines Boeing 707 B 1826 airdisaster com Archived from the original on February 28 2014 Retrieved August 4 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link 40 Hurt as Korean Jumbo Jet Veers off a Runway in Manila New York Times September 16 1981 Retrieved September 9 2018 A Korean Airlines Boeing 747 jetliner overshot the runway United Press International September 15 1981 retrieved September 9 2018 PR C287 Accident report Aviation Safety Network Retrieved July 27 2010 RP C81 Accident description Aviation Safety Network Retrieved June 24 2010 RP C82 Accident description Aviation Safety Network Retrieved July 27 2010 Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network Pittsburgh Post Gazette Google News Archive Search google com Philippine Commuter Plane Crashes Into House 25 Dead apnewsarchive com ATO grounds 2 Asian Spirit aircraft The Philippine Star Harro Ranter November 11 2002 ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F 27 Friendship 600 RP C6888 Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport MNL Manila Bay aviation safety net Incident SEAir D328 at Manila on Aug 23rd 2009 veered off runway on landing The Aviation Herald August 23 2009 retrieved August 25 2014 Accident description Aviation safety network Retrieved October 18 2009 Paranaque plane crash underscores need for open space around Naia Philippine Daily Inquirer December 12 2011 Retrieved August 25 2014 Chinese Boeing 737 crash lands at Manila airport Business Insider Retrieved August 18 2018 Flightradar24 Flightradar24 com Live flight tracker Flightradar24 Retrieved August 18 2018 San Juan Ratziel December 14 2019 NAIA on Jetstar mishap Clearing ops ongoing Philstar com Retrieved August 29 2022 Fire engulfs plane on NAIA runway ABS CBN News Retrieved March 29 2020 Luna Franco March 8 2022 Manila bound flight from Naga experiences runway excursion at NAIA Cebu Pacific Philstar com Retrieved August 29 2022 Locus Sundy June 20 2022 Saudia plane veers off NAIA runway GMA News Retrieved August 29 2022 Flights to from Manila put on hold due to air navigation glitches emergency protocols now in place Manila Bulletin January 1 2023 Retrieved January 1 2023 Technical issues halt New Year flights at NAIA RAPPLER January 1 2023 Retrieved January 1 2023 Further reading EditFraport AG and the NAIA 3 Debacle A Case Study Ben Kritz GR Business Online c 2011External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ninoy Aquino International Airport Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ninoy Aquino International Airport Manila International Airport Authority Current weather for RPLL at NOAA NWS Accident history for MNL at Aviation Safety Network Interactive satellite view of NAIA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ninoy Aquino International Airport amp oldid 1133036706, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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