A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture.[1] The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.[1]
Walt Whitman, often described as the United States' national poet
Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets." Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.[2] Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",[3] with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".[4]
The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereignstates or countries, though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation" (as cultural concept), "country" (as geographical concept) and "state" (as political concept) are not synonyms.
^ abcNemoianu, Virgil (2002). Esterhammer, Angela (ed.). "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 537. ISBN9789027234506.
^John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., Figures of National Poets (2004), p. 11.
^Michael Baron, Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing (1995), p. 13.
^J. Cameron; W. A. Dodd (17 May 2014). Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research. Elsevier Science. pp. 57–. ISBN978-1-4831-5914-0.
^Morgenstierne, G. (1960). "Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 47: 49–57. doi:10.1080/03068376008731684.
^"They Found Their Voice: Stories from Soviet Nationalities with No Written Language Before the 1917 October Revolution". Progress Publishers. 4 February 1977 – via Google Books.
^Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007
^Michael Dobson (17 November 1994), The Making of the National Poet - Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660-1769, Clarendon Press, ISBN978-0-19-818323-5
^"Kansallisrunoilija pelkäsi kansaa", Yleisradio (in Finnish), Helsinki: Yleisradio, 2017, retrieved 7 February 2021
^"kansallisrunoilija", Kielitoimiston sanakirja (in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten keskus, 2020, retrieved 7 February 2021
^Balazsr2=Michal Kopecek (1 November 2006). National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements. Central European University Press. p. 431. ISBN978-963-7326-60-8. Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...]
^"José Lezama Lima | Cuban author". Encyclopedia Britannica.
^Foundation, Poetry (25 December 2020). "Nicolás Guillén". Poetry Foundation.
^Daniel Balderston, Mike (2004). Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003. Routledge. p. 666. ISBN0-415-30687-6.
^Cole, Teju (21 February 2014). "Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
^"Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)". The New York Times. 3 May 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
^Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. ISBN9780822946182
^García, Marta Yazmín (7 November 2008). "Alabanza al poeta nacional" [Praise to the national poet]. University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez (in Spanish). from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
^Rojas, Enrique (2 February 2015). [Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure]. ESPN Deportes.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
^Tió, Elsa (12 August 2020). [Nimia Vicéns: Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses]. El Adoquín Times (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
^Nathanael O'Reilly, "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass'", Irish Journal of American Studies.
^O'Reilly, Nathanael (2009). "Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass". Irish Journal of American Studies. 1: 1–9. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
^Foundation, Poetry (25 December 2020). "Gwendolyn Brooks". Poetry Foundation.
^James Woodall, Borges: A Life, Basic Books (1996). ISBN0-465-04361-5. Relevant excerpt available on the New York Times web site, accessed 9 March 2007.
^"Gabriela Mistral". National Women's History Museum.
Further reading
Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., Figures of National Poets (2004)
Edward Whitley, American Bards: Walt Whitman and Other Unlikely Candidates for National Poet (2010)
Michael Dobson, The Making of the National Poet (1992)
Josep R. Llobera, Foundations of National Identity (2004)
May 21, 2023
national, poet, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, possibly, contains, original, research, please, improve, verifying, claims, made, adding,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources National poet news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity beliefs and principles of a particular national culture 1 The national poet as culture hero is a long standing symbol to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically appointed poet laureate office The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states as it provided validation of their ethno linguistic groups 1 Walt Whitman often described as the United States national poet Leopold Sedar Senghor Du Fu Ferdowsi Kazi Nazrul Islam Shota Rustaveli Murasaki Shikibu Johann Wolfgang von Goethe William Shakespeare Ausias March Dante Alighieri Luis de Camoes Miguel de Cervantes Johan Ludvig Runeberg Alexander Pushkin Lydia Koidula Muhammad Iqbal Adam Mickiewicz Neruda Taras Shevchenko Cesar Vallejo Janos Arany Robert Burns Most national poets are historic figures though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered national poets Though not formally elected national poets play a role in shaping a country s understanding of itself 2 Some nations may have more than one national poet the idea of a single one is always a simplification It has been argued that a national poet must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation s cause or is thought to do so 3 with an additional assumption being that a national poet must write in a national language 4 The following is a list of nations with their associated national poets It is not a list of sovereign states or countries though many of the nations listed may also be such The terms nation as cultural concept country as geographical concept and state as political concept are not synonyms Contents 1 Africa 2 Asia 3 Europe 4 North America 5 Oceania 6 South America 7 References 8 Further readingAfrica EditCountry Poet Algeria Si Mohand Moufdi Zakaria Angola Agostinho Neto Egypt Ahmed Shawqi Ethiopia Gibreab Teferi Tsegaye Gabre Medhin Ghana Atukwei Okai Kofi Awoonor Lesotho Thomas Mofolo Liberia Melvin B Tolson Madagascar Jean Joseph Rabearivelo Mali Fily Dabo Sissoko Mauritius Leoville L Homme Morocco Mohammed Awzal Mozambique Jose Craveirinha Namibia Mvula ya Nangolo Nigeria Chinua Achebe Senegal Leopold Sedar Senghor Sierra Leone Davidson Nicol Somalia Hadrawi South Africa Mazisi Kunene S E K Mqhayi Sudan Gely Abdel Rahman Tanzania Shaaban bin Robert 5 Tunisia Aboul Qacem EchebbiAsia EditCountry Poet Afghanistan Rumi Khushal Khattak 6 Azerbaijan Fuzuli Imadaddin Nasimi Samad Vurgun Bangladesh Kazi Nazrul Islam China Du Fu Li Bai Lu Xun Luo Binwang Wang Bo Lu Zhaolin Song Zhiwen Du Shenyan Yang Jiong Chen Zi ang Zhang Jiuling Wang Wei Meng Haoran Huangfu Ran Wang Changling He Zhizhang Wang Zhihuan Liu Zongyuan Han Yu Bai Juyi Du Mu Su Shi Huang Tingjian Wang Anshi Li Qingzhao Yue Fei Mi Fu Cai Xiang Xin Qiji Fan Zhongyan Fan Chengda Yan Shu Su Zhe Sima Guang Lu You Ouyang Xiu Wen Tianxiang Cambodia Preah Botumthera Som Krom Ngoy Chuon Nath Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov 7 India Valmiki Jhaverchand Meghani Vedavyasa Kalidasa Amir Khusrau Daagh Dehlvi Ghalib Mir Taqi Mir Tulsidas Maithili Sharan Gupt Rabindranath Tagore Maithili Sharan Gupt Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Subramanya Bharathi Kuvempu Harivansh Rai Bachchan Nilmani Phookan M Govinda Pai G S Shivarudrappa Pradeep Sohan Lal Dwivedi Makhanlal Chaturvedi Atal Bihari Vajpayee Tanupriya Kalita Sananta Tanty Kumar Vishwas Indonesia Chairil Anwar Iran Ferdowsi Rumi Hafez Attar Abu Sa eed Sanai Rudaki Nezami Ganjavi Saadi Omar Khayyam Nasir Khusraw Vahshi Bafqi Aref Qazvini Nima Yooshij Simin Behbahani Adib Boroumand Mohammad Taqi Bahar Mohammad Hossein Shahriar Parvin E tesami hushang ebtehaj ahmad shamlou forugh farrokhzad Akhavan Saless Iraq Al Mutanabbi Jamil Sidqi al Zahawi Muhammad Mahdi al Jawahiri Badr Shakir al Sayyab Muthaffar al Nawab Nazik Al Malaika Ahmed Matar Saadi Youssef Lamia Abbas Maruf al Rusafi Israel Hayim Nahman Bialik Japan Koizumi Yakumo Murasaki Shikibu Matsuo Bashō Kobayashi Issa Ishikawa Takuboku Tanikawa Shuntaro Jordan Mustafa Wahbi al Tal Kazakhstan Abai Qunanbaiuli Korea Cho Ki chon 8 Yun Dongju Han Yong un Park Mok wol Jeong Cheol Kurdistan Khana Qubadi Ahmad Khani Haji Qadir Koyi Faqi Tayran Sherko Bekas Malaye Jaziri Kyrgyzstan Toktogul Satylganov Lebanon Kahlil Gibran Said Akl Malaysia Usman Awang Mongolia Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj Byambyn Rinchen Hadaa Sendoo Myanmar Min Thu Wun Nepal Madhav Prasad Ghimire Pakistan Allama Muhammad Iqbal Palestine Mahmoud Darwish Philippines Francisco Balagtas Saudi Arabia Ghazi Abdul Rahman Al Gosaibi Sri Lanka Ananda Samarakoon Syria Adunis Nizar Qabbani Taiwan Loa Ho Yu Kwang chung Luo Fu poet Yang Mu Tajikistan Rudaki Ferdowsi Saadi Molavi Nasir Khusraw Sadriddin Ayni Gulnazar Keldi Thailand Thammathibet Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai disputed Sunthorn Phu Vajiravudh Thommayanti Turkmenistan Magtymguly Pyragy Uzbekistan Abdulla Oripov Erkin Vohidov Gʻafur Gʻulom Mirtemir Vietnam Nguyễn Du Nguyễn Đinh Chiểu Hồ Xuan Hương Ba Huyện Thanh Quan Han Mặc Tử Đoan Thị Điểm Nguyễn Khuyến Yemen Abdullah Al Baradouni Waddah al YamanEurope EditCountry Poet Albania Gjergj Fishta Naim Frasheri Andorra Albert Salvado Armenia Grigor Narekatsi Sayat Nova Hovhannes Tumanyan Yeghishe Charents Austria Franz Grillparzer Peter Rosegger Johann Nepomuk Nestroy Belarus Yanka Kupala Yakub Kolas Belgium Emile Verhaeren Maurice Maeterlinck Catalonia Ausias March 9 Vicent Garcia Jacint Verdaguer Galicia Rosalia de Castro Eduardo Pondal Afonso X Castelao Flanders Hendrik Conscience Guido Gezelle Hugo Claus Bosnia and Herzegovina Mak Dizdar Izet Sarajlic Aleksa Santic Bulgaria Hristo Botev 10 Ivan Vazov Croatia Marko Marulic Miroslav Krleza Cyprus Vasilis Michaelides Czech Republic Karel Hynek Macha Bozena Nemcova Jan Neruda Denmark Adam Oehlenschlager Soren Kierkegaard Faroe Islands William Heinesen England Geoffrey Chaucer William Shakespeare 11 William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Estonia Kristjan Jaak Peterson Lydia Koidula Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald Finland Eino Leino 12 Johan Ludvig Runeberg 13 France Charles Baudelaire Victor Hugo Georgia Shota Rustaveli Germany Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Friedrich von Schiller Gibraltar Hector Licudi Greece Homer Dionysios Solomos Guernsey George Metivier Hungary Sandor Petofi Janos Arany Iceland Egill Skallagrimsson Jonas Hallgrimsson Hallgrimur Petursson Ireland Thomas Moore William Butler Yeats Seamus Heaney Isle of Man T E Brown Italy Virgil Dante Alighieri Francesco Petrarca Giovanni Boccaccio Giosue Carducci Giacomo Leopardi Ugo Foscolo Gabriele D Annunzio Jersey Wace Latvia Rainis Andrejs Pumpurs Liechtenstein Peter Kaiser Lithuania Kristijonas Donelaitis Maironis Luxembourg Edmond de la Fontaine Michel Rodange Michel Lentz Malta Dun Karm Psaila Moldova Grigore Vieru Mihai Eminescu Monaco Louis Notari Montenegro Petar II Petrovic Njegos Netherlands Joost van den Vondel Jacob Cats Friesland Gysbert Japicx or Japiks North Macedonia Koco Racin Georgi Pulevski and Kole Nedelkovski Norway Henrik Wergeland Poland Jan Kochanowski Adam Mickiewicz Juliusz Slowacki Zygmunt Krasinski Cyprian Norwid Portugal Luis de Camoes Fernando Pessoa Romania Mihai Eminescu Russia Alexander Pushkin Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov North Ossetia Alania Kosta Khetagurov San Marino Pio Chiaruzzi Scotland Robert Burns Hugh MacDiarmid Serbia Petar II Petrovic Njegos Vladislav Petkovic Dis Oskar Davico Desanka Maksimovic Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro 14 Kosovo Din Mehmeti Ali Podrimja Slovakia Pavol Orszagh Hviezdoslav Slovenia France Preseren Spain Miguel de Cervantes Lope de Vega 1 Federico Garcia Lorca Sweden Carl Michael Bellman Gustaf Froding Verner von Heidenstam Esaias Tegner Evert Taube Switzerland Gottfried Keller Carl Spitteler Turkey Mehmet Akif Ersoy Nazim Hikmet Ukraine Taras Shevchenko Ivan Franko Lesya Ukrainka Wales Dylan Thomas Dafydd ap GwilymNorth America EditCountry or region Poets Barbados Kamau Brathwaite Canada Pauline Johnson John McCrae Margaret Atwood Lucy Maud Montgomery Cuba Jose Marti Lezama Lima 15 Nicolas Guillen 16 Costa Rica Aquileo J Echeverria Carmen Lyra Dominican Republic Pedro Mir Greenland Henning Jakob Henrik Lund Guatemala Miguel Angel Asturias Haiti Jacques Roumain Jamaica Claude McKay Mexico Ramon Lopez Velarde Octavio Paz Nicaragua Ruben Dario Panama Ricardo Miro 17 Quebec Gilles Vigneault Felix Leclerc Gaston Miron Gerald Godin Emile Nelligan Octave Cremazie Saint Lucia Derek Walcott 18 Puerto Rico Julia de Burgos 19 Giannina Braschi 20 Juan Antonio Corretjer 21 Lola Rodriguez de Tio 22 Nimia Vicens 23 United States Walt Whitman 24 25 Emily Dickinson Robert Frost Langston Hughes Maya Angelou Gwendolyn Brooks 26 Oceania EditCountry Poets Australia Henry Lawson Adam Lindsay Gordon Dorothea Mackellar A B Banjo Paterson New Zealand James K Baxter Allen CurnowSouth America EditCountry Poets Argentina Jose Hernandez 27 Jorge Luis Borges Leopoldo Lugones Brazil Goncalves Dias Olavo Bilac Carlos Drummond de Andrade Machado de Assis Chile Pablo Neruda Gabriela Mistral 28 Colombia Rafael Pombo Jose Asuncion Silva Ecuador Jose Joaquin de Olmedo Jorge Enrique Adoum Guyana Martin Carter Peru Cesar Vallejo Suriname Trefossa Uruguay Juan Zorrilla de San Martin Venezuela Romulo Gallegos Andres Eloy BlancoReferences Edit a b c Nemoianu Virgil 2002 Esterhammer Angela ed National Poets in the Romantic Age Emergence and Importance Romantic Poetry John Benjamins Publishing p 537 ISBN 9789027234506 Our National Poets Ricardo Blanco Academy of American Poets 2020 https poets org our national poets John Neubauer Figures of National Poets in Marcel Cornis Pope and John Neubauer eds Figures of National Poets 2004 p 11 Michael Baron Language and Relationship in Wordsworth s Writing 1995 p 13 J Cameron W A Dodd 17 May 2014 Society Schools and Progress in Tanzania The Commonwealth and International Library Education and Educational Research Elsevier Science pp 57 ISBN 978 1 4831 5914 0 Morgenstierne G 1960 Khushhal Khan the national poet of the Afghans Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society 47 49 57 doi 10 1080 03068376008731684 They Found Their Voice Stories from Soviet Nationalities with No Written Language Before the 1917 October Revolution Progress Publishers 4 February 1977 via Google Books 기획 기사 9 9절 방북취재 6 lt 백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산 gt in Korean Korean American National Coordinating Council 23 September 2008 Retrieved 10 November 2020 Ausias March Hristo Botev s birth anniversary Archived 2007 09 27 at the Wayback Machine Radio Bulgaria History and Religion posted January 6 2007 updated on January 12 2007 accessed 9 March 2007 Michael Dobson 17 November 1994 The Making of the National Poet Shakespeare Adaptation and Authorship 1660 1769 Clarendon Press ISBN 978 0 19 818323 5 Kansallisrunoilija pelkasi kansaa Yleisradio in Finnish Helsinki Yleisradio 2017 retrieved 7 February 2021 kansallisrunoilija Kielitoimiston sanakirja in Finnish Helsinki Kotimaisten kielten keskus 2020 retrieved 7 February 2021 Balazsr2 Michal Kopecek 1 November 2006 National Romanticism The Formation of National Movements Central European University Press p 431 ISBN 978 963 7326 60 8 Characteristically although Njegos saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of Yugoslav literature Jose Lezama Lima Cuban author Encyclopedia Britannica Foundation Poetry 25 December 2020 Nicolas Guillen Poetry Foundation Daniel Balderston Mike 2004 Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature 1900 2003 Routledge p 666 ISBN 0 415 30687 6 Cole Teju 21 February 2014 Poet of the Caribbean Published 2014 The New York Times via NYTimes com Overlooked No More Julia de Burgos a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico s Identity Published 2018 The New York Times 3 May 2018 via NYTimes com Poets Philosophers Lovers On the Writings of Giannina Braschi Pittsburgh 2020 ISBN 9780822946182 Garcia Marta Yazmin 7 November 2008 Alabanza al poeta nacional Praise to the national poet University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez in Spanish Archived from the original on 10 September 2015 Retrieved 8 October 2021 Rojas Enrique 2 February 2015 Cuba y Puerto Rico tienen la presion Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure ESPN Deportes com in Spanish Archived from the original on 8 October 2021 Retrieved 8 October 2021 Tio Elsa 12 August 2020 Nimia Vicens Corazon de la patria con semillas silvestres en sus versos Nimia Vicens Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses El Adoquin Times in Spanish Archived from the original on 4 February 2021 Retrieved 8 October 2021 Nathanael O Reilly Imagined America Walt Whitman s Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass Irish Journal of American Studies O Reilly Nathanael 2009 Imagined America Walt Whitman s Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass Irish Journal of American Studies 1 1 9 Retrieved 11 October 2020 Foundation Poetry 25 December 2020 Gwendolyn Brooks Poetry Foundation James Woodall Borges A Life Basic Books 1996 ISBN 0 465 04361 5 Relevant excerpt available on the New York Times web site accessed 9 March 2007 Gabriela Mistral National Women s History Museum Further reading EditMarcel Cornis Pope and John Neubauer eds Figures of National Poets 2004 Edward Whitley American Bards Walt Whitman and Other Unlikely Candidates for National Poet 2010 Michael Dobson The Making of the National Poet 1992 Josep R Llobera Foundations of National Identity 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National poet amp oldid 1152118342, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
